A Project Report

On
“BANK TOKEN ISSUE SYSTEM”

Bachelor of Engineering
Electronics & Communication
Year 2009-10.

Submitted By:

Sandip Patel (06EC75)

M:- 98259 00815

Internal Guide: External Guide:

Ms. Purnima Rao, Khatri Sir,
Lecturer, F.K. Electronics,
E & C Dept., Vadodara.
P.I.E.T, Limda

Submitted To

Parul Institute of Engineering and Technology

Electronics and Communication Department
Limda, Waghodia, Vadodara.

1
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr.Sandip Patel,

student of Electronics & Communication
Engineering, bearing Roll Nos. 06EC75,
respectively have satisfactorily completed his
Project work as a part of course curriculum in
Bachelor of Engineering semester VII having a
project title:“ BANK TOKEN DISPLAY SYSTEM“.

Internal Project Guide:

Head of the Department:

Ms. Purnima Rao,

Prof. A.R.Yadav,
Lecturer, E&C Dept.,
Head, E&C Dept.,
PIET, Limda.
PIET, Limda.

2
 PARUL INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING &
TECHNOLOGY
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
DEPARTMENT
LIMDA, WAGHODIA,
VADODARA.

F K ELECTRONICS ENTERPRISE
C/43 Murtuza Park, Tandalja Road, Baroda-390 012(India)

Phone: 0265-2332358
Email: fkent@indiatimes.com

CERTIFICATE

TO- PARUL INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY,

LIMDA

Attn:-Mr.A.R.Yadav (Head of EC Department)

It is certified that SANDIP N PATEL, the student of Parul Institute of

Engineering & Technology have worked in our organization on project “BANK
TOKEN DISPLAY SYSTEM”.

They have worked under our guidance and used our resources and expert
support to develop the project. They are found sincere, regular and hardworking;
we wish them best success in the present assignment as well as future carrier.

Best Regards,

3
I.I.Khatri

Propertier,
F.K.Electronics Ltd.

COMPANY PROFILE

M/s F. K. Electronics is the proprietary organization.

It is placed in Tandalja Patrakar mig area.

We are associated with development and production of Electronics projects. We have got
the resources for compiling and programming Following microcontrollers.

1) 8051 devices like at89s52/at89c52/at89c2051/89c51rd2

2) AVR family devices like atmega 8535

3) Microchip PIC 16f84 and 16f877

We have got the hardware peripheral resources like EEPROM, ADC, RTC, LCD, 7
Segments, Temperature sensors Infra red Transceivers,LDRs, SCRs, MOSFETs, IGBTs,
Opto isolators, Opto drivers Stepper motors, DC motors etc.

We work on the communication project of Wireless/Telephone/Infrared /GSM /GPS etc.

We work on electrical project for ac voltage ac current power factor Frequency energy
measurements power control on SCRs, MOSFETs, IGBTs based projects.

4
We also produce the units like motor protection relays timers Proportion power
controllers frequency meters temperature sensors and controllers.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Let us begin by stating that undertaking this project was a great Learning experience and
academically stimulating for both of us. We certainly encountered difficulties at various
stages of execution. Nonetheless, the sense of challenge and accomplishment that filled
us so completely after overcoming all the overwhelming odds is inexplicable in words.

The unending guidance, motivation and co-operation that we received from various
quarters are truly what actually kept us going. With deep sense of Gratitude, we hereby
take this opportunity to render our sincerest and heartiest thanks to all the people who
helped us realize this project.

First and foremost we would like to extend our gratitude to the HOD of the E&C
Department, P.I.E.T, Limda – Prof. A.R Yadav, for providing us with this excellent
opportunity to equip ourselves with the necessary Industrial exposure.

We are greatly indebted to Khatri Sir, F.K.ELECTRONICS,Vadodara for sparing his

valuable time for this project and guiding us throughout the entire duration it lasted. He
literally inundated us with study material and was ever so receptive to our queries and
doubts.

Most of all, we extend our heartfelt thanks to our Internal Guide, Ms. Purnima Rao,
Lecturer, E&C Department, P.I.E.T, Limda whose suggestions and constructive
critics have been invaluable assets all throughout. We are overwhelmed by her level of
involvement in our project and shall always be grateful to her for the same. Her wisdom
and commitment have been a great source of inspiration. Needless to say, had it not been
for her, we wouldn’t now be cherishing this exalted goal. She has shown us the way to
pursue excellence.

5
 And, last but not the least; let us not forget to thank all the teachers and the technical
staff members of our college for encouraging and keeping our spirits high during the
entire course of this project.

And last but not the least; we would like to extend our love and gratitude to our parents,
without whom we would not have been anywhere even near to where we stand today.

PREFACE

Token issue systems are ideal for banks, airports, public dealing offices, hospitals,
doctor’s clinics, restaurants and other such places where people have to wait in line for
their turn. These systems allow customers to wait without having to stand in line, once
their number is displayed then only will they have to get in line for their turn. No need to
make your customers stand in long queues in sunlight or rain and wasting time. Just
distribute tokens on first come first serve basis and as soon as any counter is ready to
provide services the person there just has to press one push switch to show the token
number in displays. All models are easy to install, operate & maintain. Any ordinary
electrician can do the installation quickly.

“A digital token is issued by cashier in bank to display the token number (etched on the
tokens) which is issued to the customers against cheques for facilitating cash withdrawn
from the bank. The cashier operates the display to show the token number against which
he is ready to make the payment. The customer having the displayed token number can
report to the cashier’s counter to receive the payment. In this way payment is made
systematically to all desire customers without letting chaos to be created at the payment
window. In this way the device serve the purpose of improving the performance of the
banking system.

6
 ABSTRACT

The project was really very challenging to us. Our “BANK TOKEN ISSUE SYSTEM”
is not only a working model which already exists in market but a totally different
research project that is yet to be evolving in market. Due to ever increasing demand of
industrialization, such interfacing systems are becoming more and more necessary. We
all have witnessed hazardous outputs due to the lack of proper time and proper
management of data. This project is mainly designed for the purpose of management of
data through the interfaces between various different units of companies in case of large
plant consisting of more than one unit.

Automatic issue of token is requirement of any bank, increasing the banking requirement
in India. It may be very important function of issuing the token to customer
automatically. Token display systems are ideal for banks, airports, public dealing offices,
hospitals, doctor’s clinics, restaurants and other such places where people have to wait in
line for their turn. These systems allow customers to wait without having to stand in line,
once their number is displayed then only will they have to get in line for their turn. No
need to make your customers stand in long queues in sunlight or rain and wasting time.
Microcontroller AT89S52, which is a low-cost and highly-reliable system, is used in this
project. By making necessary changes in the software we can alter the working of the
system.

We guarantee you that you will find yourself completely merged in this project after
going through this project report.

7
 INDEX
LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NAME PAGE NO.

Figure. 1.1 Bank Token Display 3

Figure. 1.2 Block diagram 4

Figure. 1.3 Power Supply 5

Figure. 1.4 Voltage regulator 6

Figure. 1.5 Microcontroller 89S52 7

Figure. 1.6 LCD 9

Figure. 1.7 EEPROM 10

Figure. 1.8(a) Resistor 11

Figure. 1.8(b) Capacitor 12

Figure. 1.9 4x3 Keypad 13

8
Figure.1.10 MAX232 14

Figure.1.11 Circuit Diagram 15

Figure.1.12 Flowchart 43

CHAPTERS

Chapter one: ……Overview of the project carried out in phase-1……………………… ()

1.1 Basic block diagram………………………………………………… ()

1.2 Analysis and design of hardware

1.3 Circuit diagram

1.4 Software description

1.5 Coding and simulated results

Chapter two: …....Hardware design and PCB layout…………………………………… ()

Chapter three: ……..Implementation of hardware……………………………………... ()

Chapter four: …………Testing of substantial hardware……………………………….. ()

Chapter five: ………………Software verification……………………………………… ()

Chapter six: …………………Advantages and Disadvantages of project………………. ()

Chapter seven: ………………Applications of project………………….. ()

9
Conclusion of Phase II…………………………………………………………………. ()

Future Work of Project ……………………………………………………………….. ()

Component List …………………………………………………………………… ()

Bibliography ……………………………………………………….. ()

Appendix ………………………………………………………….. ()

CHAPTER:1
OVERVIEW OF PROJect
1.1 Basic Block diagram description
1.2 Analysis and design of hardware
1.3 Circuit diagram
1.4 Software description
1.5 Coding and simulated results

10
 INTRODUCTION

Figure. 1.1

Token issue systems are ideal for banks, airports, public dealing offices, hospitals,
doctor’s clinics, restaurants and other such places where people have to wait in line
for their turn.

11
 These systems allow customers to wait without having to stand in line, once their
number is displayed then only will they have to get in line for their turn. No need to
make your customers stand in long queues in sunlight or rain and wasting time. Just
distribute tokens on first come first serve basis and as soon as any counter is ready to
provide services the person there just has to press one push switch to show the token
number in displays.

All models are easy to install, operate & maintain. Any ordinary electrician can
do the installation quickly.

1.1 BASIC BLOCK DIAGRAM

Figure. 1.2

12
Block diagram description

Power supply

It provides the required voltages to various section of the ckt. It consists of a transformer
and rectifier circuit with regulator ics. It provides 5 volt to controller, lcd and max232.

Keyboard matrix

It consist of rows and columns of the with several connection. Here we use simple 4*3
matrix keyboard which provides us 12 numbers. It is connected to controller .

Liquid crystal display

It display the token no issued with the purpose they are issued and on other lcd present
token no. here we had used 20*4 and 16*2 lcd and they are connected with controller
ports.

Max232

It consists of max232 which perform the conversion of the voltage level compatible to
computer and controller. It provides proper communication between the controller and
computer.

EEPROM

It is one type of read only memory and it will provide the space to store the token no.
It also contains the information of the token issued and why they are issued.

Buzzer

It is used to indicate that the token is issued and to attract the concentration towards the
token number.

13
 1.2 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF HARDWARE

1.2.1 POWER SUPPLY:

Figure. 1.3

A power supply can by broken down into a series of blocks, each of which performs a
particular function.

For example a 5V regulated supply is shown in the following figure

Each of the blocks is described in more detail below:

 Transformer: steps down ac voltage + provides electrical isolation.
 Rectifier: converts AC to DC.
 Smoothing: smooth the AC to DC, ripples are there
 Regulator: delivers fixed dc output without ripple.

A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another
through inductively coupled conductors — the transformer's coils or "windings".

14
Basic Principle
The transformer is based on two principles: firstly, that an electric current can produce a
magnetic field (electromagnetism) and secondly that a changing magnetic field within a
coil of wire induces a voltage across the ends of the coil (electromechanical induction).
Changing the current in the primary coil changes the magnitude of the applied magnetic
field. The changing magnetic flux extends to the secondary coil where a voltage is
induced across its ends.

1.3.2 REGULATOR:

Voltage regulator ICs are available with fixed (typically 5,12 and 15V)
or variable output voltages. They are also rated by the maximum current they can pass.
Negative voltage regulators are available, mainly for use in dual supplies. Most regulators
include some automatic protection from excessive current (‘overload protection’) and
overheating (‘thermal protection’).

Figure. 1.4

Many of the fixed voltage regulator ICs has 3 leads and look like power
transistors such as 7805 +5V 1A regulator shown on the left. They include hole for
attaching a heat sink if necessary.

15
 1.3.3 MICROCONTROLLER 89S52:

Figure.1.5
Features:

 Compatible with MCS-51 products

 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory Endurance: 10,000
White/Erase cycles
 4.0V to 5.5V operating range
 Fully Static operation:0Hz to 33MHz
 Three-level Program Memory Lock
 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM
 32 Programmable I/O Lines
 Three 16-bit Timer/Counter
 Eight Interrupt Sources
 Full Duplex UART Serial channel
 Low-power Idle and Power-down mode
 Interrupt Recovery from Power-down Mode
 Watchdog Timer
 Dual Data Pointer

16
  Power-off Flag
 Fast Programming Time
 Flexible ISP Programming (Byte and Page Mode)

Description:

The AT89S52 is low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit

microcontroller with 8K bytes of i-system programmable Flash memory. The device is
manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is
compatible with the industry-standard 80C51 instruction set and pinout. The on-chip
Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional
nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with in-system
programmable flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful
microcontroller which provides a highly-flexible and cost effective solution to many
embedded controller applications.

The AT89S52 provides the following standard features: 8K bytes of

Flash,256 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, Watchdog timer, two data pointers, three 16-bit
timer/counters, a six vector two level interrupt architecture, full duplex serial port, on-
chip oscillator, and clock down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable
power saving modes. In addition, the AT89S52 is design with static logic for operation.
The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port, and
interrupt system to continue functioning. The power-down mode saves the RAM contents
but freezes the oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next interrupt or
hardware reset.

 Crystal Oscillator:

The on-chip crystal oscillator circuitry allows for utilization of quartzes

both in the 6 and 13MHz range as the overall division ratio of the PLL can be switched
between 64 and 128 via the CSEL pin according to the following table.

CSEL RF FREQUENCY
Open 6.xx MHz

17
Shorted to ground 13.xx MHz

1.3.4 LCD:

Figure. 1.6

This is the first interfacing example for the parallel port. We will start
with something simple. This example dosen’t use the Bi-directional feature found on
newer ports, thus it should work with most, if not all parallel port. It however dosen’t
show the use of the status port as an input. So what we are interfacing? A 16 character x 2
line LCD Module to the parallel port. These LCD Modules are very common these days,
and are quite simple to work with, as all the logic required for running them is on board.

List of electrical connections

Pin Symbol Description

1 GND Ground connection

2 Vcc 5V DC supply for electronics
3 V0 Contrast adjustment
4 RS Register select: low=instruction, high=data
5 R/W LOW for writing data to LCD
6 EN Enable (active high) for transferring data
7 D0 Data bus bit 0 (low for 4 bit interface)
8 D1 Data bus bit 1 (low for 4 bit interface)
9 D2 Data bus bit 2 (low for 4 bit interface)
10 D3 Data bus bit 3 (low for 4 bit interface)

18
11 D4 Data bus bit 4
12 D5 Data bus bit 5
13 D6 Data bus bit 6
14 D7 Data bus bit 7
15 LED+ Positive backlight supply
16 LED- Connect to ground

1.3.5 EEPROM:

Figure.1.7

The ST24C02 is a 2Kbit (256x8bit) electrically erasable programmable memory

(EEPROM).

SIGNAL DESCRIPTION

 SCL-Serial Clock: This input is used to synchronize all data in & out of
the memory.
 SDA-Serial Data: This is a bidirectional pin used to transfer data in & out
of the memory.
 PRE-Protect Enable: It sets the Write protection active.
 MODE: The voltage at this pin determines whether the EEPROM is in
byte write mode, multi-byte write mode or page write mode.
 WC (BAR)-Write Control: This feature is offered in ST24W0x versions
of EEPROM. It is useful to protect the contents of the memory from erroneous
erase/write cycles.
 E1, E2-Chip Enable: These inputs are used to set the 2 least significant
bits (b2, b3) of the 7-bit device select code.
Device code Chip Block R/W(bar)
Enable select

19
Bit B B B B B B B1 B0
7 6 5 4 3 2
Device 1 0 1 0 E E A8 R/W
select 2 1 (bar)

1.3.6 RESISTOR AND CAPACITOR:

 Resistor:

Figure. 1.8(a)

Register are element of electrical networks and electronic circuit and are
ubiquitous in most electronic equipment. Practical resistors can be made of various
compounds and films, as well as resistance wire (wire made of a high-resistivity alloy,
such as nickel/chrome).

The primary characteristics of a resistor are the resistance, the tolerance,

maximum working voltage and the power rating. Other characteristics include
temperature coefficient, noise, and inductance. Less well-known is critical resistance, the
value below which power dissipation limits the maximum permitted current flow, and
above which the limit is applied voltage. Critical resistance depends upon the materials
constituting the resistor as well as its physical dimensions; it’s determined by design.

Resistor can be integrated into hybrid and printed circuits, as well as

integrated circuits. Size, and position of leads (or terminals) are relevant to equipment
designers; resistors must be physically large enough not to overheat when dissipating
their power. The ohm is a SI-driven unit of electrical resistance, named after George
Simon Ohm.

20
 CAPACITOR:

Figure. 1.8(b)

A capacitor or condenser is a passive electronic component of a pair of

conductors separated by a dielectric .When a voltage potential difference exists between
the conductors; an electric field is present in the dielectric.This field stores energy and
produces a mechanical force between the plates. The effect is greatest between wide, flat,
parallel, narrowly separated conductor.

An ideal capacitor is characterized by a single constant value, capacitance,

which is measure in farads. This is the ratio of the electric charge on each conductor to
the potential difference between them.

Capacitors are widely used in electronic circuits to block the flow of direct current
while allowing alternating current to pass, to filter out interface, to smooth the output of
power supplies, and for many other purposes. They are used in resonant circuits in radio
frequency equipment to select particular frequencies from a single with many
frequencies.

21
 1.3.7 4x3 KEYPAD:

Figure. 1.9

 Keypad provides a visually appealing way to enter numeric data to one’s

control system.

 The board is a series of pushbutton switches that provide structured input for
measuring user input.

 A 4x3 Keypad shown here has 7 I/O pins.

In context to this project, the keypad is used to enter relevant keys to give input
i.e. to issue the token.

22
 1.3.8 1.3.8 MAX232:

Figure. 1.10

Description

 Operate from a single 5-v power supply with 1.0- μF charge-pump Capacitors.
 Operates up to 120 kbit/s
 Two drivers and two receivers
 ±30-v input Level
 Low supply current
 Application---Battery Powered system,Modems and Computers

23
 To receive data from i.e. a PC, you need a level converter, like a MAX232, or use
standard components and make your own level converter A level converter is needed
because the Communication port of a PC switches the data between approx. -10 to +10
Volt.-10 Volt corresponds with a logical '0' (lo), 10 Volt corresponds with a logical '1'
(hi), both on TTL level of 5 Volt, so can be connected directly to the i/o's of an AVR.
The MAX232 can convert at a maximum speed of 120kbit/sec.

1.4 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

24
 Figure. 1.11

1.5

SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION

BASCOM-8051
The Windows 8051 BASIC Compiler

25
INTRODUCTION

BASCOM-8051 is not only a BASIC Compiler, but also a comfortable. Integrated

Development. Environment (IDE) running under Windows 95 and Windows NT.
Such a development environment supports the whole process from coding and testing a
program to programming the used micro-controller.
Term BASCOM is used when no distinction must be made between BASCOM-8051
and BASCOM-8051. In all cases where a distinction is necessary, a few changes only
are required to make the program work with the other family of microcontrollers. This is
one important advantage of high-level languages.
So as to prevent that work with BASCOM and the program examples are mere dry
homework.

Memory

• Every variable uses memory.

• The available memory is 128 bytes. (Or 256 bytes for some chips)

• From these 128 bytes a maximum of 32 are used for internal registers.

• Some bytes are used by the stack. This depends on the statements you have used.
Each 8 used bits occupy 1 byte. Each byte occupies 1 byte.

• Each integer/word occupies 2 bytes. Each Long/Single occupies 4 bytes.

• Use bytes when you can. (Not allowed for negative values)If your program uses
less than 64 bytes you can use an 89C1051 as well. This chip only doesn’t have
an UART for PRINT and INPUT statements.

• You can also add external memory when you run out of variable space.

26
Program Compile:-

With this option you can compile your current program. Your program will be saved
automatically before it will be compiled. The following files will be created depending on
the Option Compiler Settings.

File
xxx.BIN Binary file which can be programmed into the uP.
xxx.DBG Debug file which is needed by the simulator.
xxx.HEX Intel hexadecimal file which is needed by some programmers.
xxx.ERR Error file. (only when errors are found)
xxx.RPT Report file.
If an error occurs, you will receive an error message.

After you have pressed the Ok-button the cursor will be set to the line in which the error
occurred. The margin will also display a sign

Program compile shortcut :

Program Syntax Check:-

With this option your program is checked for syntax errors. No file will be created except
for an error file, if an error is found.

Program syntax check shortcut , CTRL + F7

Program Show result:-

Use this option to view the result of the compilation output for specifying which files
must be created. The files that can be viewed are report and error.

File show result shortcut

Developing order
• Start BASCOM;
• Open a file or create a new one;
• Check the baud rate and frequency settings for the target system;
• Compile the file;
• If an error occurs fix it and recompile (F7);
• Run the simulator and check if you don’t run out of stack space;

27
 1.6 CODING AND SIMULATED RESULTS

CODING

$BAUD = 1200
$CRYSTAL = 12000000
$LARGE

P0=255
P1=255
P2=255
P3=255

RESET P3.4 .

'CONFIGURATION OF I2C FOR RTC

CONFIG SCL = P2.7
CONFIG SDA = P2.6
Config I2cdelay = 10

'CONFIGURATION OF LCD
call init_lcd
Config Lcdbus = 4
Config Lcdpin = Pin , Db4 = P0.4 , Db5 = P0.5 , Db6 = P0.6 , Db7 = P0.7 , E = P0.2 , Rs
= P0.0
Config Lcd = 16 * 4

WAIT 1

DIM COUNT1 AS BYTE

DIM COUNT2 AS BYTE
DIM VX1 AS BYTE
DIM VX2 AS BYTE
DIM VAR1 AS BYTE
DIM VAR2 AS BYTE
DIM BIT1 AS BIT
DIM TEMP1 AS BYTE
DIM TEMP2 AS BYTE
DIM VC1 AS BYTE

DIM ADDRESSW AS BYTE

28
DIM VALUEW AS BYTE
DIM ADDRESSR AS BYTE
DIM VALUER AS BYTE
DIM DIS1 AS BYTE
DIM DIS2 AS BYTE
DIM DIS3 AS BYTE
DIM DIS4 AS BYTE
DIM DIS5 AS BYTE
DIM DIS6 AS BYTE
DIM DIS7 AS BYTE
DIM DIS8 AS BYTE
DIM DIS9 AS BYTE
DIM DIS10 AS BYTE
DIM DIS11 AS BYTE
DIM DIS12 AS BYTE
DIM DIS13 AS BYTE
DIM DIS14 AS BYTE

DIM DL1 AS BYTE

DIM MODD AS BYTE
DIM ISSUE1 AS BYTE
DIM COUNTISSUE AS BYTE

DIM TK1 AS BYTE

DIM TK2 AS BYTE

PRINT "HELLO"

COUNT1=0
COUNT2=0
VX2=0
MODD=0
ISSUE1=0
COUNTISSUE=0

LED1 ALIAS P1.0

CLS
LCD "TOKEN PROJECT"

WAIT 1

29
RESET P2.5 'RESET RS2
RESET P2.4 'SET EN2
WAITMS 10

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''3/3
VC1=&H33
GOSUB COMMAND2
WAITMS 10

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''3/2
VC1=&H32
GOSUB COMMAND2
WAITMS 10

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''2/8
VC1=&H28
GOSUB COMMAND2
WAITMS 10

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''0/E
VC1=&H0E
GOSUB COMMAND2
WAITMS 10

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''0/6
VC1=&H06
GOSUB COMMAND2
WAITMS 10

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''01
VC1=&H01
GOSUB COMMAND2
WAITMS 10

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

WAITMS 200

SET P2.5

WAITMS 100

ADDRESSR=1
GOSUB READBYTE
VAR2=VALUER

30
DO

WAITMS 20

COUNT1=COUNT1+1

IF COUNT1=10 THEN
COUNT1=0
END IF

COUNT2=COUNT2+1
IF COUNT2=50 THEN
COUNT2=0
END IF

IF COUNT1=0 THEN
RESET P1.7
VAR1=12
END IF

IF COUNT1=1 THEN

BIT1=P1.4
IF BIT1=0 THEN VAR1=1
BIT1=P1.3
IF BIT1=0 THEN VAR1=4
BIT1=P1.2
IF BIT1=0 THEN VAR1=7
BIT1=P1.1
IF BIT1=0 THEN VAR1=10

SET P1.7
END IF

IF COUNT1=2 THEN
RESET P1.6

END IF

IF COUNT1=3 THEN

31
BIT1=P1.4
IF BIT1=0 THEN VAR1=2
BIT1=P1.3
IF BIT1=0 THEN VAR1=5
BIT1=P1.2
IF BIT1=0 THEN VAR1=8
BIT1=P1.1
IF BIT1=0 THEN VAR1=0
SET P1.6
END IF

IF COUNT1=4 THEN
RESET P1.5

END IF

IF COUNT1=5 THEN

BIT1=P1.4
IF BIT1=0 THEN VAR1=3
BIT1=P1.3
IF BIT1=0 THEN VAR1=6
BIT1=P1.2
IF BIT1=0 THEN VAR1=9
BIT1=P1.1
IF BIT1=0 THEN VAR1=11

SET P1.5
END IF

IF COUNT1=6 THEN
IF VAR1=10 THEN
IF ISSUE1=0 THEN
IF MODD=0 THEN
MODD=1
END IF
END IF
END IF
END IF
''''''''''''''''''''''''''PRESS 1
IF MODD=1 THEN
IF ISSUE1=0 THEN

IF VAR1=1 THEN

32
 ADDRESSR=0
GOSUB READBYTE

VALUER=VALUER+1

IF VALUER=100 THEN
VALUER=1
END IF

ADDRESSW=0
VALUEW=VALUER
GOSUB WRITEBYTE

COUNTISSUE=0

VAR2=1

ADDRESSW=1
VALUEW=1
GOSUB WRITEBYTE

ISSUE1=1
END IF

END IF
END IF

''''''''''''''''''''''''''PRESS 2
IF MODD=1 THEN
IF ISSUE1=0 THEN

IF VAR1=2 THEN

ADDRESSR=0
GOSUB READBYTE

VALUER=VALUER+1

IF VALUER=100 THEN
VALUER=1
END IF

ADDRESSW=0
VALUEW=VALUER
GOSUB WRITEBYTE

33
 COUNTISSUE=0

VAR2=2
ADDRESSW=1
VALUEW=2
GOSUB WRITEBYTE
ISSUE1=1
END IF

END IF
END IF

''''''''''''''''''''''''''PRESS 3
IF MODD=1 THEN
IF ISSUE1=0 THEN

IF VAR1=3 THEN

ADDRESSR=0
GOSUB READBYTE

VALUER=VALUER+1

IF VALUER=100 THEN
VALUER=1
END IF

ADDRESSW=0
VALUEW=VALUER
GOSUB WRITEBYTE

COUNTISSUE=0

VAR2=3
ADDRESSW=1
VALUEW=3
GOSUB WRITEBYTE
ISSUE1=1
END IF

END IF
END IF

34
''''''''''''''''''''''''''PRESS 4
IF MODD=1 THEN
IF ISSUE1=0 THEN

IF VAR1=4 THEN

ADDRESSR=0
GOSUB READBYTE

VALUER=VALUER+1

IF VALUER=100 THEN
VALUER=1
END IF

ADDRESSW=0
VALUEW=VALUER
GOSUB WRITEBYTE

COUNTISSUE=0

VAR2=4
ADDRESSW=1
VALUEW=4
GOSUB WRITEBYTE
ISSUE1=1
END IF

END IF
END IF

IF COUNT2=0 THEN
SET LED1
END IF

IF COUNT2=25 THEN
RESET LED1
END IF

IF COUNT2=45 THEN 'CLEAR SCREEN

VC1=&H01
GOSUB COMMAND1
GOSUB COMMAND2

35
END IF

IF COUNT2=46 THEN 'FIRST LINE

IF MODD=0 THEN
LCD "PRESS 1-NEW A/C"
END IF

IF MODD=1 THEN

IF ISSUE1=0 THEN
LCD "PRESS NUMBER"
END IF

IF ISSUE1=1 THEN
IF COUNTISSUE<3 THEN

LCD "ISSUED TOKEN "

ADDRESSR=0
GOSUB READBYTE
IF VALUER<10 THEN
LCD "0"
END IF

LCD VALUER

END IF
END IF

IF ISSUE1=1 THEN
IF COUNTISSUE<3 THEN
COUNTISSUE=COUNTISSUE+1
END IF

IF COUNTISSUE=3 THEN
MODD=0
ISSUE1=0
END IF

END IF

36
 END IF

DIS1=76
DIS2=65
DIS3=83
DIS4=84
DIS5=32
DIS6=84
DIS7=75
DIS8=78
DIS9=32
DIS10=73
DIS11=83
DIS12=83
DIS13=68
DIS14=32

GOSUB DISPLAY2

ADDRESSR=0
GOSUB READBYTE
VX2=VALUER
GOSUB DIGIT2

END IF

IF COUNT2=47 THEN 'SECOND LINE

VC1=&HC0 'GOTO SEC LINE

GOSUB COMMAND1
GOSUB COMMAND2

IF MODD=0 THEN
LCD "PRESS 2-NEW F/D"
END IF

IF MODD=1 THEN
IF ISSUE1=1 THEN

IF VAR2=1 THEN
LCD "FOR NEW A/C"

37
 END IF

IF VAR2=2 THEN
LCD "FOR NEW F/D"
END IF

IF VAR2=3 THEN
LCD "FOR NEW S/A"
END IF

IF VAR2=4 THEN
LCD "FOR INQUIRY"
END IF

END IF
END IF

IF VAR2=1 THEN

DIS1=70
DIS2=79
DIS3=82
DIS4=32
DIS5=78
DIS6=69
DIS7=87
DIS8=32
DIS9=65
DIS10=67
DIS11=67
DIS12=32
DIS13=32
DIS14=32

GOSUB DISPLAY2

END IF

IF VAR2=2 THEN
DIS1=70
DIS2=79
DIS3=82
DIS4=32

38
 DIS5=78
DIS6=69
DIS7=87
DIS8=32

DIS9=70
DIS10=68
DIS11=68
DIS12=32
DIS13=32
DIS14=32
GOSUB DISPLAY2
END IF

IF VAR2=3 THEN
DIS1=70
DIS2=79
DIS3=82
DIS4=32

DIS5=78
DIS6=69
DIS7=87
DIS8=32
DIS9=83
DIS10=47
DIS11=65
DIS12=32
DIS13=32
DIS14=32
GOSUB DISPLAY2

END IF

IF VAR2=4 THEN

DIS1=70
DIS2=79
DIS3=82
DIS4=32

DIS5=73
DIS6=78
DIS7=81
DIS8=85
DIS9=73

39
 DIS10=82
DIS11=89
DIS12=32
DIS13=32
DIS14=32
GOSUB DISPLAY2

END IF

END IF

IF COUNT2=48 THEN 'THIRD LINE

VC1=&H90
GOSUB COMMAND1

IF MODD=0 THEN
LCD "PRESS 3-NEW S/A"
END IF

END IF

IF COUNT2=49 THEN '4TH LINE

VC1=&HD0
GOSUB COMMAND1

IF MODD=0 THEN
LCD "PRESS 4-FOR INQ"
END IF

END IF

LOOP

END

WRITEBYTE:

I2CSTART
I2CWBYTE 160
I2CWBYTE ADDRESSW
I2CWBYTE VALUEW
I2CSTOP
WAITMS 5

40
RETURN

READBYTE:

I2CSTART
I2CWBYTE 160
I2CWBYTE ADDRESSR
I2CSTART
I2CWBYTE 161
I2CRBYTE VALUER ,9
I2CSTOP
WAITMS 5
RETURN

COMMAND1:

SET P0.2
RESET P0.0
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
P0.7=VC1.7
P0.6=VC1.6
P0.5=VC1.5
P0.4=VC1.4

FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
SET P0.2
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
RESET P0.2

P0.7=VC1.3
P0.6=VC1.2
P0.5=VC1.1
P0.4=VC1.0
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
SET P0.2
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
RESET P0.2
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT

41
 SET P0.0

RETURN

COMMAND2:

RESET P2.5 'RESET RS2

FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
P2.3=VC1.7
P2.2=VC1.6
P2.1=VC1.5
P2.0=VC1.4
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
SET P2.4
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
RESET P2.4

P2.3=VC1.3
P2.2=VC1.2
P2.1=VC1.1
P2.0=VC1.0

FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
SET P2.4
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
RESET P2.4

RETURN

DIGIT2:

TEMP1=VX2/10
''''''''''''''''DISPLAY TEMP1
TEMP2=48+TEMP1
SET P2.5

42
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT

P2.3=TEMP2.7
P2.2=TEMP2.6
P2.1=TEMP2.5
P2.0=TEMP2.4
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
SET P2.4
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
RESET P2.4

P2.3=TEMP2.3
P2.2=TEMP2.2
P2.1=TEMP2.1
P2.0=TEMP2.0
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
SET P2.4
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
RESET P2.4
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT

''''''''
TEMP1=TEMP1*10
TEMP1=VX2-TEMP1

''''''''''''''''DISPLAY TEMP1
TEMP2=48+TEMP1
SET P2.5
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
P2.3=TEMP2.7
P2.2=TEMP2.6
P2.1=TEMP2.5
P2.0=TEMP2.4
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
SET P2.4
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT

43
 RESET P2.4

P2.3=TEMP2.3
P2.2=TEMP2.2
P2.1=TEMP2.1
P2.0=TEMP2.0
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
SET P2.4
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
RESET P2.4

RETURN

DISPLAY2:

SET P2.5
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
P2.3=DIS1.7
P2.2=DIS1.6
P2.1=DIS1.5
P2.0=DIS1.4

FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
SET P2.4
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
RESET P2.4

P2.3=DIS1.3
P2.2=DIS1.2
P2.1=DIS1.1
P2.0=DIS1.0

FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
SET P2.4
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
RESET P2.4
FOR DL1=1 TO 20

44
NEXT
'''''''''''

P2.3=DIS2.7
P2.2=DIS2.6
P2.1=DIS2.5
P2.0=DIS2.4

FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
SET P2.4
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
RESET P2.4

P2.3=DIS2.3
P2.2=DIS2.2
P2.1=DIS2.1
P2.0=DIS2.0

FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
SET P2.4
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
RESET P2.4
''''''''''''''''''
P2.3=DIS3.7
P2.2=DIS3.6
P2.1=DIS3.5
P2.0=DIS3.4

FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
SET P2.4
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
RESET P2.4

P2.3=DIS3.3
P2.2=DIS3.2
P2.1=DIS3.1
P2.0=DIS3.0

FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT

45
SET P2.4
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
RESET P2.4
''''''''''''''''''
P2.3=DIS4.7
P2.2=DIS4.6
P2.1=DIS4.5
P2.0=DIS4.4

FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
SET P2.4
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
RESET P2.4

P2.3=DIS4.3
P2.2=DIS4.2
P2.1=DIS4.1
P2.0=DIS4.0

FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
SET P2.4
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
RESET P2.4
''''''''''''''''''
P2.3=DIS5.7
P2.2=DIS5.6
P2.1=DIS5.5
P2.0=DIS5.4

FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
SET P2.4
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
RESET P2.4

P2.3=DIS5.3
P2.2=DIS5.2
P2.1=DIS5.1
P2.0=DIS5.0

46
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
SET P2.4
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
RESET P2.4
''''''''''''''''''
P2.3=DIS6.7
P2.2=DIS6.6
P2.1=DIS6.5
P2.0=DIS6.4

FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
SET P2.4
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
RESET P2.4

P2.3=DIS6.3
P2.2=DIS6.2
P2.1=DIS6.1
P2.0=DIS6.0

FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
SET P2.4
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
RESET P2.4
''''''''''''''''''

P2.3=DIS7.7
P2.2=DIS7.6
P2.1=DIS7.5
P2.0=DIS7.4

FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
SET P2.4
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
RESET P2.4

P2.3=DIS7.3
P2.2=DIS7.2

47
P2.1=DIS7.1
P2.0=DIS7.0

FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
SET P2.4
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
RESET P2.4
''''''''''''''''''

P2.3=DIS8.7
P2.2=DIS8.6
P2.1=DIS8.5
P2.0=DIS8.4

FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
SET P2.4
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
RESET P2.4

P2.3=DIS8.3
P2.2=DIS8.2
P2.1=DIS8.1
P2.0=DIS8.0

FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
SET P2.4
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
RESET P2.4
''''''''''''''''''

P2.3=DIS9.7
P2.2=DIS9.6
P2.1=DIS9.5
P2.0=DIS9.4

FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
SET P2.4
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT

48
RESET P2.4

P2.3=DIS9.3
P2.2=DIS9.2
P2.1=DIS9.1
P2.0=DIS9.0

FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
SET P2.4
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
RESET P2.4
''''''''''''''''''

P2.3=DIS10.7
P2.2=DIS10.6
P2.1=DIS10.5
P2.0=DIS10.4

FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
SET P2.4
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
RESET P2.4

P2.3=DIS10.3
P2.2=DIS10.2
P2.1=DIS10.1
P2.0=DIS10.0

FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
SET P2.4
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
RESET P2.4
''''''''''''''''''
P2.3=DIS11.7
P2.2=DIS11.6
P2.1=DIS11.5
P2.0=DIS11.4

FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT

49
SET P2.4
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
RESET P2.4

P2.3=DIS11.3
P2.2=DIS11.2
P2.1=DIS11.1
P2.0=DIS11.0

FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
SET P2.4
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
RESET P2.4
''''''''''''''''''
P2.3=DIS12.7
P2.2=DIS12.6
P2.1=DIS12.5
P2.0=DIS12.4

FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
SET P2.4
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
RESET P2.4

P2.3=DIS12.3
P2.2=DIS12.2
P2.1=DIS12.1
P2.0=DIS12.0

FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
SET P2.4
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
RESET P2.4
''''''''''''''''''
P2.3=DIS13.7
P2.2=DIS13.6
P2.1=DIS13.5
P2.0=DIS13.4

50
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
SET P2.4
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
RESET P2.4

P2.3=DIS13.3
P2.2=DIS13.2
P2.1=DIS13.1
P2.0=DIS13.0

FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
SET P2.4
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
RESET P2.4
''''''''''''''''''
P2.3=DIS14.7
P2.2=DIS14.6
P2.1=DIS14.5
P2.0=DIS14.4

FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
SET P2.4
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
RESET P2.4

P2.3=DIS14.3
P2.2=DIS14.2
P2.1=DIS14.1
P2.0=DIS14.0

FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
SET P2.4
FOR DL1=1 TO 20
NEXT
RESET P2.4

51
SIMULATED RESULT

Flow chart

Figure. 1.12

52
 CHAPTER-2
HARDWARE DESIGN
AND
PCB LAYOUT DESIGN

PCB LAYOUT DESIGN

53
54
 CHAPTER-3
IMPLEMENTATION OF
HARDWARE

IMPLEMANTATION OF HARDWARE

55
56
 CHAPTER-4
TESTING SUBSTANTIAL
HARDWARE

TESTING SUBSTANTIAL HARDWARE

57
Initially, when turn ON the power supply, we can see four option in 20x4 LCD and we
have to press * key to choose option from it. And in 16x2 LCD we can see the last token
number issued & for what purpose it was issued.

58
Here after pressing * switch, we can see PRESS NUMBER in 20x4 LCD and we have to
choose any number between 1 to 4.

59
Here after pressing key 4, we can see that, token number 5 is issued and for inquiry
purpose it is issued, for three seconds only in 20x4 LCD.

60
Here in 16x2 LCD we can see the last token number 5 was issued and for inquire purpose
it was issued.

61
Here now token no 6 is issued for new A/C opening purpose by choosing key 1,we can
see it for 3 seconds only.

62
 CHAPTER-5
SOFTWARE VERIFICATION

63
 SOFTWARE VERIFICATION

We can verify the software just as we are testing our hardware.

Here we have done verification by just providing the input to the controller through
keyboard matrix by just pressing the keys one by one and checking the output at the
controller ports which are connected to lcd and max 232.

We are getting the required voltages at the port pins according input.
By this way we had verified our software after connecting with the hardware.

We have also verified on the pc by checking simulation results that are specified in
chapter one.

64
 CHAPTER-6
ADVANTAGE,
DISADVANTAGE

65
ADVANTAGE:

 Token Display System is a project liable to be used at the places where people
have to wait in line for their turn. These systems allow customers to wait without
having to stand in line.

 All models are easy to install, operate & maintain. Any ordinary electrician can
do the installation quickly.

DISADVANTAGE:

 The system is controller based so any modification you want to do only skilled
person can do it.

 LCD is not suitable for outdoor and industrial application.

66
 CHAPTER-7
APPLICATION

67
APPLICATION:

Token display systems are ideal for:

• Banks
• Airports
• Public dealing offices
• Hospitals
• Doctor’s clinics
• Restaurants

68
 CONCLUSION
From this project report we studied basic introduction of “BANK TOKEN
DISPLAY SYSTEM”, basic block diagram and its circuit also studied A51 Assembler
and coding. We studied how the project works and getting the result.

It was opportunity for us to see how theory is put into practice. We learnt how
some concepts of microcontroller were modified according to a particular industry or
situation.

69
 FUTURE EXPANSION
We can implement token number displays with automatic calling counter number
display. Automatic increment of token numbers with display of calling counter number is
ideally suitable for serving offices with many counters. No need to make your customers
stand in long queues in sunlight or rain and wasting time. Just distribute tokens on first
come first serve basis and as soon as any counter is ready to provide services the person
there just has to press one push switch to show the incremented token number and
respective counter number in displays.

LIST OF COMPONENT
70
Component Quantity Cost(Rs)
Pcb 2 600
Lcd 2 800
Microcontroller 1 40
Resistors Few 50 paisa each
Transistors 3 15
Key 10 10
Capacitors Few 3 rs each
Total - Approx 3000/- Rs

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The information was collected from the following sources:

71
Reference books

The 8051 microcontroller-By Kenneth J. Ayala

Websites

 www.google.com

 www.alldatasheet.com

 www.8051projects.info

 www.electronics4u.com

 www.atmel.com

 www.datasheetcatalog.com

APPENDIX

 89S52 MICROCONTROLLER

72
 16X2 LCD

 MAX232

 4X3KEYPAD

 EEPROM

73