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vc − 3vd + ve = 0,
2vc + 4vd − 7ve +vf = 0,
12vb + 15vd − 47vf = 0.

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6x1 − 2x2 = 12

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12x2 = 34

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x1 x1 x2
6x1 = 12

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22x1 + 12x2 = 24
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0.003x1 + 59.14x2 = 59.17

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5.291x1 − 6.130x2 = 46.78

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P −1 = P T .
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b;

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LU

5x1 + 2x2 + x3 = 1
5x1 − 6x2 + 2x3 = 2 ,

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−4x1 + x2 + x3 = −1

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LU x = b
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A = LU
 " 
A = LLT ,

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t U   "
 
4, −1, 1
 −1, 5, 2  .

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 R; ;
U
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Ax = B
7
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7 

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:
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Ax = B
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x = Tx + C
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Ax = B
    
x(0) x
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{x(k) }∞ x x x(0) x(k)
k=0  bÓ  ÊÕ

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Ax = B

;

x = Cx + D

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x(k) = Cx(k−1) + D
3;  
k = 1, 2, 3, . . . x(k)

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||A|| = max||x||=1 ||Ax|| ||x||,
K; J; 
||Ax|| ≤ ||A|| ||x||, C
P;
x(k) x(0)
J;

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A A = L+D+U D L
U A

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Ax = B
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Dx(k) = (−L − U )x(k−1) + B.

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x1

x2

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5x1 + 2x2 + x3 = 1,
3x1 − 6x2 + 2x3 = 2,
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¥ Ÿ—g›N ¢¨¯¦ §`¦ £Ÿ¢›V  Ÿl£Ÿ

−x1 + x2 + 4x3 = −1,

x1 = 15 (1 − 2x2 − x3 ),
x2 = −16 (−3x1 − 2x3 + 2),
x3 = 14 (x1 − x2 − 1)
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(k+1) (k) (k)

x1 = 15 (1 − 2x2 − x3 ),
(k+1) (k) (k)
x2 = −16 (−3x1 − 2x3 + 2),
(k+1) (k) (k)
x3 = 14 (x1 − x2 − 1)

Àq¦O¢¥ gÉl¦ £Ÿ¢› x(0) = (0, 0, 0);

K;
›Ãå à NV]¡­ŸlÊ§œ[  ¦ Ÿl¢¤­¤gÅ¢ O]¨ŒÉj¡­^´¥ ´4›NŸl¥ ¡­ O¦ l¤
T;
x(1) = ( 15 , −1 , −1 ); x(2) = ( 23
 3 4 50
−31 −7
60 , 90 , 60 ); x
(3) = ( 13 , −277 , −49 );
36 1080 720

(•÷lý 'ã 'ã Mþ ) ¼«¨©Ÿ¢É]¨(´j£0´¢¤ ë ´ j¦ £0´¥ ´¦ œ•¢¨(´­ O¦ l¤žjÕ­´­  Ÿl§`¦Èžjg›Šœ•d›g¦ ›Šœ•¢£´jì°   Ÿl£Ê¬¢¨·¡­¢§O´›g¦D¥ Ÿ¢›¨©g› ¡j¥ œŠ´­žjŸ¢›
683 −193 −413
x(4) = ( 2160 , 810 , 4320 ); x1 = 161 , x2 = −5 , x 3 = −19
.

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23 161
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,

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°^  Ÿl£Ê¬O¨·¡­¢§O´^›g¦q¥ ´—¦ œ•¢¨(´­ O¦ l¤+œŠ´j£Ê§`¦ ¶¢¤Ê  Ÿl¤ ÅO¢¨ŒÉjÊ´¥ ´4›NŸl¥ ¡­ O¦ l¤'Ã

 

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x(0) = (1, 1, 1)
E
µ ´­  Ÿl§`¦ B´¢¨ŒÉ ®Ç §j¥ Ÿ'  ç Ç ´¢¨ŒÉ ç ì ê Ç ´¢¨ŒÉ ê ì í Ç ´¢¨ŒÉ í ì
Ó
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ç ê ê í Š± ï ì í ç ê ê +ê Š± ñ ì ç ê ç Š± ð [ª
M‘Ó # Ô #L Õ #EÓÊ# Ô # Ô × Õ ‘ÓÊ #L # Õ O Õ
¦ ¤`¦˜Ç é ì é ì é ª]Á¯Ÿj¨?¦˜Ç ç œ®Æj¨·¡ çé žjŸ Š¬¢¨n¦ ¤œ •¦ ¤`¦ [옦 ¤`¦˜Ç µ ´­  Ÿl§`¦ •¦ ¤`¦ [ª
‘M O Ó 7Ó Õ Ó Õ¼Õ
̝g0›Š§œ•›N¢ ¨åÅ¢´´›NŸd] ¡­´jÊ£Ê›g¦7§`¦´j´j¥ £É]ÔjŸ¢¤›0¢žj¥ —¢£Ÿ'¢¨©žj¤¢œ•Ÿ¤žj¥ ´›+¥ ´^ ¢žl¡O¦´´ OÉj¦ ŸlŸl¤­¤Og´j›Ê¥7gžj›R¢¥7  ¢›g¦¨©›ŠŸœ•¢¢£0¥H´'£Ã¶gœ•¼7Ÿ'Ÿjžj¨ÈŸBµBžj¢^£ÊÕ­¬j´­¥   ŸlŸlì?§`¬O¦‚´O¤­¨(Ÿ´¾´j¬j¬j¡­¥ ¦ žj ´¢¨È´j¢¬j¥‚¥ ¦ £ ´¢¶g¨Œœ•›NŸ'+žjœŠŸp´j¥lžj ¢¡OÕ­´j´­¥ Ã+  ŸlšH§`¤ ¦
b;

¬O´¢¨(´¨©g›NŸl¥ ÅO¢¨‚¢¥'›g¦ ›Šœ•¢£0´jÇ

2x2 + x3 = 1,
3x1 − x2 + x3 = 2,

¬`Ÿ'žj¢£Ÿ¢›Rg›N ¢¨¯¦ §`¦ ¨·¥ Ÿ^¢¤4Å¢´O¨¯¦ ´›VÁ¯Ÿj¨·£0´› 섬¢Ÿ'¨«BµB¢£Ê¬j¥ Ÿ

−x1 + x2 + 4x3 = −1,

3x1 − x2 + x3 = 2,
2x2 + x3 = 1, o bien
−x1 + x2 + 4x3 = −1
2x2 + x3 = 1,
ð Ãê Ãê Ó Õ
−x1 + x2 + 4x3 = −1 3x1 − x2 + x3 = 2,

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šH¤^¢¥7£¶gœ•Ÿ<žjŸ—žj¸‘´j¡ ›N› ÀlO¦ ž`¢¥q¥ ´›6›NŸl¥ ¡­ O¦ Ÿl¤­g›%´j¬¢¨©Ÿ j¦ £0´­ž'´›%›N+Ÿl§œ[¦ ¢¤­¢¤Êžj—¥ ´Ê '¬O¨©g›g¦ l¤'Ç
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O¬ ´¢¨(´  ´­žj´  f Ã0š<›Šœ•Ÿ ]¡`¦ Å¢´j¥ Ê´žjg› ¬¢Bµ ´¢¨ jž >ȝ¬¢¥ ´Ÿ'¨‘¬¢B¨¯µB¦ £¢£Ê¢¨(¬j´Ê¥ Ÿd  ¢¬O¡O´O´­¨(´¾ O¦ l¨©g¤j›Nì Ÿl¥ ÅO¢¨‘žj—¢¥<¥ ´Ê›g¦ ›Š›Nœ•g¢É]£0¡j´¤­ž'´jð ìÐÃ ê gÜ•ç  `Rà ¦ É]¡O´j¥
(L + D)x(k) = (−U )x(k−1) + B.
;  ý ü rtn

]¡­—¬O´¢¨(´Õ­´­  Ÿl§¢¦ÐÆO´­  ¢£Ÿ¢›Ç

m ÷ Iw u n.k n ÷ ku
=
m ü 1,n ÷ 2, 3,
wIk n. r .üE.÷ úLwIubýrtnu
útn2lnpRn ÷¾ü n ú ü uxû31Iw u x2
Ó Õ
;
x1 = 15 (1 − 2x2 − x3 ),
x2 = −16 (−3x1 − 2x3 + 2),

°¾¥ ´¦ œ•¢¨(´­ O¦ l¤Êžj^¸‘´j¡›Š›ÀlO¦ ž`¢¥<g›ŠœŠÄʞ'´­ž'´¾¬¢Ÿj¨BÇ


x3 = 14 (x1 − x2 − 1)

(k+1) (k) (k)

x1 = 51 (1 − 2x2 − x3 ),
(k+1) (k+1) (k)
x2 = −16 (−3x1 − 2x3 + 2),
(k+1) (k+1) (k+1)
x3 = 14 (x1 − x2 − 1)

0Ì §›N¢¨åÅ¢´ ]¡­R¢¤0¢¥O Äj¥  ¢¡j¥ Ÿ4žj ¡›[´j£Ÿ¢› ]¡­6°­´g›ŠœŠÄžl¦ › ¬¢Ÿl¤`¦ §j¥ ¢ìj°0¢¤0¢¥O Äj¥  ¢¡j¥ Ÿ4žj ¡›[´j£Ÿ¢›
);
x2
(k+1)
x1
(k+1)
,
;
x3
(k+1)

Àq¦„¢¥ gÉl¦ £Ÿ¢› Ãå à ]›N¡­ÊŸl  §Ÿlœ[¤ ¦ ÅO¢¢¤­¨åÉj^´jÆ­´Ÿ'¨(¥ ´4´ ›N]Ÿl¡­¥ ¡­  O¦ l¤'Ã
(k+1) (k+1)
x1 , x2 .
Q;
x(0) = (0, 0, 0); x(1) = ( 15 , −7 −17
30 , 120 ); x
(2) = ( 193 , −791 , −1651 ); x(3) =
K; 

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600 3600 14400
22379 −93373 −204353
( 72000 , 432000 , 1728000 );
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2
°  Ÿl£Ê¬O¨·¡­¢§O´^›g¦q¥ ´¦ œ•¢¨(´­ O¦ l¤4œŠ´j£Ê§`¦ ¶¢¤Ê  Ÿl¤ ÅO¢¨åÉj^´¥ ´4›NŸl¥ ¡­ O¦ l¤'Ã


 

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x(0) = (1, 1, 1),
E
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‘M O Ó 7Ó Õ Ó Õ¼Õ

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3;
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 ;

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A = (aij )
s w7ûnuwIk p ü u
ú ü npRs uwIu
ú ü J; P
|aii | > j6=i |aij | i,
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6>3+2
5Ó Õ
4 > 1 + 1.
:;
5; 2Ó
5 > 2 + 1,
Õ

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3 > 1 + 1, 2 > 1 4 > 1 + 1,
:; 
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ã# d; 5Ó Õ

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t

3x1 + 3x2 + 7x3 = 1,

3x1 + 6x2 + 2x3 = 2,

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3x1 − x2 + x3 = −1,
$# 

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y(.1) = 1.110341666666667, ∼ 1.7 10−7 ;
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P redictor Corrector 2 0.01 0.033578345952815 ∼ 0.02

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y(a) = α, y(b) = β

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w1 = 2.471240192402656, w2 = 2.803437561599129, w3 = 2.98394002759641.
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w1 ∼ 2.47231, w2 ∼ 2.80438, w3 ∼ 2.98427


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w 1 , w2 .

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y(1/3) ∼ 3.39759, y(2/3) ∼ 2.21552.
 7   )Ò
P
√ 7
3
6 P ( t+1
3 , 0, 1.2),
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6
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h = 0.5 y(0.5) ∼ 4.1991, y(1) ∼ 6.38549, y(1.5) ∼ 6.40682

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∂2u ∂2u
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∂x2 ∂y

x ∈ [0, 2], y ∈ [0, 1] u(x, 0) = u(0, y) = 0, u(2, y) =

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discrete data
discrete data

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puntos w1,w2,w3 puntos w1,w2,w3,...w10

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1
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h, k
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w3 . P4 = (x4 , y4 ) = ( 43 , 13 ); w(P4 ) = w4 . P5 = (x5 , y5 ) = ( 53 , 13 ); w(P5 ) = w5 . P6 = (x6 , y6 ) =
( 13 , 23 ); w(P6 ) = w6 . P7 = (x7 , y7 ) = ( 32 , 23 ); w(P7 ) = w7 . P8 = (x8 , y8 ) = (1, 32 ); w(P8 ) = w8 .

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P9 = (x9 , y9 ) = ( 43 , 32 ); w(P9 ) = w9 . P10 = (x10 , y10 ) = ( 53 , 23 ); w(P10 ) = w10 .
 –;

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M O M O b−a d−c
Pi,j . h= n k= m Pi,j

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(a + i h, c + j k).
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f (z+h)−2f (z)+f (z−h) ∂2u
f 00 (z) = h2 ∂x2
u(x+h,y)−2u(x,y)+u(x−h,y) ∂2u u(x,y+k)−2u(x,y)+u(x,y−k) E; 
,
 h2  ∂y 2 Ó  Õ k2
P = (x, y)

u(x + h, y) − 2u(x, y) + u(x − h, y) u(x, y + k) − 2u(x, y) + u(x, y − k)

+ = 0.
h2 k2

q¼ ´O¨(´Ê¢¥q¬j¡j¤œ•Ÿ g› u( 32 , 13 )−2u( 13 , 31 )+u(0, 13 ) u( 31 , 32 )−2u( 31 , 13 )+u( 31 ,0)

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P1 = ( 31 , 13 ) ( 31 )2
+ ( 13 )2
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u(0, 31 ) = u( 13 , 0) = 0
 b; N; (;
w1 , w1 , ...w10 ; P1 w2 −
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2w1 + w6 − 2w1 = 0;

;
P2 ,
4w1 = w2 + w6 .
 g› u( 23 , 0) = 0, w3 − 2w2 + w1 + w7 −

½`´^  ¢¡O´­ O¦ l¤  Ÿj]¨·¡­¨©g—› ¬j¬`¡­Ÿl ¤­žjžl4¦ Og¤›Nœ• ¢^¨¯¦´ §`¦ ¨Œ›N ¡›[´j¤­žjŸ¥ ´Ê  Ÿl¤­žl¦  O¦ l¤^žj4  Ÿl¤œ•Ÿ'¨¯¤­Ÿ
2w2 = 0;

;
4w2 = w1 + w3 + w7 .

P8 ,
 g› u(1, 1) = 2 w7 − 2w8 + w9 + w3 −

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2w8 + 2 = 0;
;
10
4w8 = w3 + w7 + w9 + 2.

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w1 , w2 , ...w10
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w1 , w2 , ...w10

u(x, y) = 2xy.

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− 2 = 0.
Ó Ãê Ãí Õ

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∂t ∂x

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u = c1 x(1 − x) + c2 x(1 − x)(x − 12 )2 .

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c2 = −28/1419, c1 = −2023/4257;


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mettrap
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y 0 = y 2 −10 exp(−100(t−2)2 ) 10exp(−100(t−2)2 )
7 ; : Ó  IÕ  L 
t 2
s p)ýjmIk ÷ n ); 7#98

hjiIk lmIk nJoTmIpRqrts ln lnu.vJw7xs p5w

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h = 0.1
 J;
y(1) = −1 t=7


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rk4

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‘M #
Ö # 7 ÓÊ# ÔÓ a# Õ7Ö Õ 7O t" ‘MPM OPO
GÓ t" Ó ÊÕ t" ÓEM aM 7O aM OPO t" Õ¼Õ

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h
; Iæ 

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Ô 7 ÓÊ# #
ÔÓ a# Õ7Ö Õ # PM 7O Õ Õ .; 

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−1
y = y0 = y2
; 1  t
−1 1
y(1) = −1 y = 1.5−t y0 = y2 y(2.5) = −1. y= t ,y = 1.5−t
 5;  


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t=1
7#58  # 
h = 0.05 h = 0.01.

B´ ›[Ÿl¥ ¡­ O¦ l¤Ê ¢´­ gœŠ´

h
Ó IÕ  7
Š§ (1 + t2 )y 0 + ty = 0, y(0) = 1,
›NŸl¥ ¡­ O¦ l¤Ê ¢´­ gœŠ´ y= √ 1 .
1+t2

·  ›NŸl¥ ¡­ O¦ l¤Ê ¢´­ gœŠ´

Ó IÕ  7
y 0 = 2t y, y(0) = 1, y = exp(t2 ).

·ž ›NŸl¥ ¡­ O¦ l¤4 ¢´­ gœŠ´

Ó Õ  7
y 0 tan(t) − y = 1, y( π6 ) = −0.5, y = sen(t) − 1.

· ì]›NŸl¥ ¡­ O¦ l¤Ê ¢´­ ®œŠ´

Ó
Õ √  7 √
1 + t2 y 0 + ty = 0, y(0) = 1, y = exp(1 − 1 + t2 ).
Ó Õ  7

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t y 0 − (t + y) = 0, y( 1e ) = 0 y = t(1 + log(t)).


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10−4 f (t, y)
 VÓ IÕ −t y

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h = 0.05 h = 0.01 f (t, y) =
−t y Õ  7   1+t2
+ random(0.0002) − 0.0001
1+t2 

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y 0 = f (t, y)
Ó
rk
 IÕ

f (t, y),

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showtime : true; 1000 y0 = 1
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1000


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f 0
y = exp(cos(t)) + cos(exp(t)) + log(1 +
Ü;  

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exp(cos(t ∗ t))). rk.
; b;
compile

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f
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4h

°¥ ´Ê  Ÿj¨·¨©    O¦ l¤'Ç

wk+1 = wk−3 + (2f (tk , wk ) − f (tk−1 , wk−1 ) + 2f (tk−2 , wk−2 ));
3


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wk+1 = wk−1 + (f (tk+1 , wk+1 ) + 4f (tk , wk ) + f (tk−1 , wk−1 ));
3
  
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7
x0 = a(x − y); y 0 = −xz + bx − y; z 0 = xy − cz a, b, c
 
a = −3, b = 26.5, c = 1; t = 30
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x(0) = 0, y(0) = 1, z(0) = 0 rk

t = 30 x(0) = 0, y(0) = 1.1, z(0) = 0.


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a, b, c

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my ) a, b
7 J; ;
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m
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x0 = ax − m ∗ min(1, x/c)y; y 0 = by − exp(− )y;

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x(0) = 12, y(0) = 0.4;
a = 0.2, b = 0.2, m = 110, c = 30, d = 3.4
rk

t = 100

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ž ¦ j
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a = 0.26, b = 0.2, m = 110, c = 30, d = 3.4
;
x(0) = 120, y(0) = 3;

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JÓ Õ
x(0) = 12, y(0) = 0.003 m
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d

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y 000 = − yy2 .
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x0 = y; y 0 = z; z 0 = − x2y ; x(0) = 0,

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z(10) = 1;

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x(t), y(t), z(t). rk x(0) = 0, y(0) =
0, z(0) = a; a = 0.2, a = 0.5

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y 00 + y 0 − y = t h
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00 0
y + y − y = t, y(0) = 0, y(3) = 1 h=1
y ∼ −1 − t + 0.22exp(−1.61t) + 0.78exp(0.62t). h = 0.5


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− (x + t) + 2 = (−t2 + 2x − t(x2 + tx − x − 2))exp(x + t)
∂x2 ∂x ∂t


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h=k u(0, x) =
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0, u(t, 0) = 0, u(2, x) ∼ 14.78 x exp(x), u(t, 3) ∼ 60.26 t exp(t)
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h = k = 1 u(t, x) = t x exp(x + t). h = k = 0.5

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