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Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks Student Guide R
Wikipedia website R
CBT nuggets R
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Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol

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Open Shortest Path First

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(IS-IS) Intermediate System-to-System

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CCNA VOICE
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http://www.4shared.com/file/74646026/729772c9/arabic_ccna_voice.html?s=1
http://www.boosla.com/showArticle.php?Sec=Net&id=59
http://www.kutub.info/library/open.php?cat=5&book=3232
EIGRP
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
) B) routing 6) "< -' KM$ $ EIGRP 6$ $ =L \ 4!

J . K0 K 6$ $ G. D 2)
"< =$ ';5 b ,c A , b ,c F5 = >L F4 backup routes6) B -' 5 !) R

(f) network 6) " ) 6$ $ a X @' 5 a , b $ "< X@( ] (f) network
Hc ^5 _
H 6$ $ G# - K + a X` $# R
Hrouting 6) "< classless 6) B -' 5R
"< ( Eb '! c - + 4 3G. B) 6VM K "< * I4 + 4 -' 5R
H B) 6 V M "< -' ! 78<) &
LINK STATE DISTANCE VECTOR K !$ 78<) -' 5R
IP, IPv6, IPX and AppleTalk 72 6 V M KM$ $ 2 5R
Neighbor Table
6 % 3G. 6 ) ! 1 F 6 V M K ! d9 6 1 2 ) 5$ ' EIGRP

INTERFACE6) G. 7V' 5 INTERFACE 7 6 % G. "< d9 5 = % 6 1
NEXT-HOP ROUTER INTERFACE

SERIAL 0/0
SERIAL 1/0
"< multicast 6) &$ ) -' 5 ! "< C BW KM$ $ "( eigrp 6$ $ e '-5

7 $I5 OOgHPHPHTP $. -' ip 6 D V' ! 1 L + I 7b Lf ' M
H V' ! 1 5 "< h 5 " interface 6) + I 7b Lf ' M
Topology Table
$I5 F =$ '5 6 % G. TOPOLOGY 6) 6 1 $. EIGRP 6$ $ !$ 5 iG "! 2 6 %

7 < 4 ^5 _ j > D F Z5 I 3 % 6 V I5 _ 78<) ". ! 1 . < 4 7
H
B '5 6 V A 2 -' 5 iG ^5 @ $. SEUCCESSOR 6) J Successor R
OSl #' 6V 6 )B A 6V ' 1$5 ! 6$I! F4 k `$' D
F 6VM ". =$ ' STO $ 'B A $I STO ". ! 2 $
6) 5 256 6) $. 75 m- =$ 5 3G. "< SEUCCESSOR 6) ! G. B
2 < 6 V *+ ^5 _ mI< n 'BM =?< 4! Feasible Successor
I ; "< 7@ Z B?' ! ) o5$; =$ 5 STO ' iG m-
=$ -' M ^5 _ 78<) & ' M METRIC 6) -' EIGRP 6$ $ $I5 j G D -
6 V ^5 _ f ) V( & ( $. SEUCCESSOR ) -' M "< 6 W m- $.
H B)
' iG< `W m- $. BACKUP ROUTE 6) ! $. J Feasible Successor R
6) 5 m- G. SEUCCSSOR 6 W m- ^5 _ 6 V M I9! F -'
6 V I5 _ 78<) n $. m- G. =) K 1 ( METRIC 6) =L % '! Feasible Successor
B?' K ! 7I! ^5 _ #F V' < & ' ^5 _ j> 2 A,B
75 m- -' eigrp 6$ $ $I successor 6 W m- I9! F D K ! 7I! "<
H 6 V " b m- $. =$ Feasible Successor
Advertised Distance and Feasible Distance

!?< eigrp 6$ $ 7 49' $I! F a , b "' < . Advertised distance
3G. ! 1 . < 4 7 $I5 #I5 _ "' . hello -' 5
advertised G#< 7 < & ' F advertised 6) 85)
& ' 7 "#< feasible distance 6) L F Z5 I 3 1 < & ( . distance
< X 1 ". feasible distance 6) >) b V' network 6) a , b <
Ha,b < # 7V' network6) b
Active and Passive State

6) "< =$ 5 "< !?< successor " b m- '4 * I' "< =$ 5 F
" backup route ) 75 mB p '5 M * I' f ` W 7 =L F4 passive state
H -' 5
[ p "< =$ 5 !?< backup route ) 75 mB p "< =$ 5 F
H active state 6)
topology6) 6 1 "< K @4 3G. 7 X`$ $I5 !?< Eb 'F 3G. 7 & ' "#'F5 =L 4 R
H 7 ; G. 72 # =$ 5 Table
Routing table
6) 5$ ' $I5 Topology Table 6) Neighbor Table 6) 6 1 5$ / #'!M 4
Advertised # 7 "' network6) 7 C$' 5 6 % G. routing table
EIGRP
! " #$ " % "&%
'( )*
6$ $ =L \ 4 =L Z%5 ! 1 F 6 V 7b B EIGRP +,-)

5M G. ! 1 \ 4' "< # -' 5 "' 7b L X ' 5 " multicast -' 5 EIGRP
J ". 7b 3G. OOgHPHPHTP $.
multicast 6) -' ^5 _ 7V' 7 # q 7 $I5 . J hello R
H # + Z @'5 M .
[ "< 85) p5 ' -' 5 r routing table 6) C$' . : Update

7 5 M ! "< KM$ $ 3 s e '-5 EIGRP 6) 6$ $ 5 routing table 6)
H unicast "< ) multicast 7 Y "< L # 5 mI< [ ] "< M) p5 ' 7b
3G. "< !?< successor " b mB 6 ) ! I< "< 6$ $ # -' 5 . JQuery

H # 6 V M I5 _ I< ( network L B) routing ^5 _ 4' 7 5
EIGRP 6$ $ ^5 _ 7 4' M L %' M # < =$ 5 "' . J Reply

H unicast 7 Y "< =$
H routing table "< #4` ( # %' M ( p5 ' =L ? . J ACK
Routing Topology Table Neighbor Table 6) F t 4 "' W \ 4'F

H table
$. ) 6 ) Ru
R1#show ip route
3 s ) eigrp 6) # < -' "< *+$1$ routing table6) 7 F t 4 W G.
L ;5 $. D \ eigrp 6$ $ 4 -' iG 5M Z! % %F D KM$ $
H EIGRP 6$ $
R1#show ip eigrp topology
p \ ) %F route 7 Z! % Eigrp6 - routing table 6) F t 4 ^ W Ru

$. ( # ! % successor %F active ,- a \ ) passive X`$ , -
G# - feasible distance R FD 6) ( %F G. L 6$ $ hop count6) +
v $'F 3G. L 6$ $ I5 _ 1$5 ! %F O '; v $'! 1$5 = >L 85) D
H v $'F 3G. L 6$ $ 7 FD 6) (
R1#show ip eigrp neighbors
". eigrp 6$ $ ^5 _ # \ 4 iG = 1 F t 4 ^ W Ru
H # 7V' interface 6)
R1#show ip eigrp traffic
Updates 6) 7b + I' hello 6) 7b + F t 4 ^ W Ru

X` 9 4'F + I w "< D I' 7b 85) Ack Replies Queries
"( # 7 F "' 7 4 x F k85 $5 F -' X EIGRP 6$ $ K+ L
H / Y =L w
7b n - 7 Y 7 ; "' * $V 3G# w G. ''B) =L Z )

EIGRP Metric
6) 7 %5 " metric 6) K '45 Eigrp 6$ $ =L ^ w "< Fr

J 7 # "< '4 metric6L 3G. feasible distance 6) successor
H #1$
V 4 7() JBandwidth
H 6 V M "< +$1$ B?' J Delay
keepalives 6) B '4 . BW \ @ L 6$ $ ( 7() J Reliability
6) *+$1$ bandwidth 6) '4 #1$ V 1$ 7 ( 7() J Loading
H interface
6$ $ -' 7IF "< -' #1 $ L V 7IF -' 7I! * [ ) J MTU
H eigrp
"< % F I 3G. 6 B+q $I5 r OSl "< # 8 $I r Eb '! - 3G. metric 6) '4
H + I KM+ 4
Metric = bandwidth (slowest link) + delay (sum of delays)
• Delay = sum of the delays in the path, in tens of microseconds,
multiplied by 256
• Bandwidth = [107 / (minimum bandwidth link along the path, in kilobits
per second)] * 256
• Formula with default K values (K1 = 1, K2 = 0, K3 = 1, K4 = 0, K5 = 0):
Metric = [K1 * BW + ((K2 * BW) / (256 – load)) + K3 * delay]
• If K5 not equal to 0:
Metric = metric * [K5 / (reliability + K4)]
e 4` /0% G. : Y = >L e ) D * I4 4< #!W + 4 3G. : Y =L X @' e W X Ru

H Student Guide & ' "< ; I5 @ D metric 6) K "< " s$ "'< 4 I
EIGRP Implementing and Verifying

X` X D $5 F 5$ ' $IF D Eigrp ) ^ @' $IF /0% G. "< J
H w "( 7 ! " " `$ 7 Y
Router 1 S1/0 TQOHTly.1.1 /24
Router 1 S1/1 TQOHTlyHOHT /24
Router 1 F0/0 TzOH{PHOSgHOSg /24
Router 2 S1/0 TQOHTly.1.2 /24

Router 2 F0/0 10.1.2.254 /24
Router { S1/0 TQOHTlyHOHO /24

Router { F0/0 10.1.2.253 /24
F5 1$5 Eigrp 6$ $ + 7 F iG $5 F 7 Y < #|5 k `$ 7 Y F5 1$5 Ru

TPHTHOHP ; n9! "< '; { O D B B + ; 7V' T D {+
; L 6$ $ X @' ! F!?< O 6 V M ! I< F!L "< backup route FII F!L %! j G
Hn 4 { ^5 _ #F ';
W +I @ < T V' *0#1W M loopback interface X` jF 5 ) Ru

jG ,-
" V'B BBRL ) [' $IF r 1 6$B $IF M ) D Ru

H R3 L { R2 L O [' $IF r Backbone router
H W "< +$1$ 6 % Z interface 7 - K + a X`$ $IF ! r Ru
H" ' W ' T 6$B $IF 2 r Ru
BBR(config)#router eigrp 1
5$. " 5 iG ( ) eigrp 6$ $ -' F F!L - ^ W R

lSS{S L T ( 'BM jF < 4 ( I } '!) Autonomous system number
( G. x > D m F iG BW "< 48 =) Z%5 3 'B } ( iG ( G.
) = L ) advertising 7 #4 7 $' eigrp 6$ $ $I "' K $ % +
H , - routing table , - 6 % ;!
`$' * $V "< *+$1$ K ' K + a X`$ F ( F!L 4 7 -'F < 6 2 Ru
BBR (config) #router eigrp 1
R1 (config) #router eigrp 1

R1 BBR" Autonomous system number ~ ) ( X`$ F ( I W "<

R2 BBR " Autonomous system number ~ ) ( X`$ F ( r T (
routing table update 6) 6+ ' $I FrM X 6 V =$ BBR jG O I
routing table update 6) 6+ ' $ $I5 =L $4 @' 5 R2 R1 FrM X
H •4 $ V'5 =L $4 @' 5 X @
W X` 4 4 7 F < Ru
advertising 7 4 $I =L 5 iG interface 6) ) v $'! 6 , - W X`$ $IF Ru
BBR (config-router) #network 192.168.1.0
v $'! .) 3G. advertising 7 4 $IF interface ) v $'! 6 ) X`$ F ( ^ W "< Ru

A eigrp 6$ $ G. I F( D •4 #84 5 K m $I' "' v $'F #!W
classless 6) I5 @ 7 4! F $ > class C , B ip F4` F!L C ! F< K 0
wildcard-mask 6) < 4! X`$ $IF class A , B ip 6) G. =$ 5 =) 5 ! F
subnet mask 6) = >L F4 subnet mask 6) w$ 4 $. \ 4! wildcard-mask 6)
PHOSSHOSSHOSS $. wildcard-mask 6) =$ < OSSHPHPHP $. class A , -
class A L X TQOHTlyHTHP ^ ip 6) =$ 5 =) !+ ) >L ^ X`$ 6 2 Ru
" ' W X`$ $IF
BBR (config-router) #network 192.168.1.0 0.255.255.255
BBR , - serial P€P 6) interface 6) =) t '9F < D * VI } $. n G.

X`$ F ( r TPHTTHTHO€Og 5M FastEthernet 0/0 6) interface 6) TPHTPHTHT€Og
" ' eigrp 6$ $ -' BBR ,- K+ a

7 advertising 7 4 $I < class A ip G. =) I'4 BBR =) =$ ' % 'F Ru

auto-summary 6) *0 3 F eigrp 6$ $ x j > TPHPHPHP - v $'F
7 5M , B " / +) j5 =$ 5 " routing table 6) 7 I' $I .
L jF 7B = 3 [' $I ^ ( 72 ( %5 F4< 1 3 routing table 5$ / )
interface s0/0 interface f0/0 7 class A 7 4 j! %' j G TPHPHPHP
H &$ @ n j > routing table 6) 7B + # advertising 7 (
) X`$ $IF j G Ru
BBR (config-router) #no auto-summary
TPHTPHTHP v $'F X5•$' $I < . 5 routing table 6) X5•$' $I W G. Ru

class C 6) 7B + ip 6) =$ 5 " wildcard-mask 6) X`$ $IF 5
H5 !
BBR (config-router) #network 10.10.1.0 0.0.0.255
GB?F }($ n9! "< Z *0 #!) #F G! =) Z% < auto-summary 6) B ! > F!) Ru

{ =$ ' B + Y j5 = >) 6 2 auto-summary 6) B # I "' *0 2 )
" class C 7B + ; D TzOH{PH{HP D TzOH{PHOHP D TzOH{PHTHP " ' # ( = vlan
' W ' $IF B ; 3G# advertising 7 4 - K + a X`$ $I!
Router (config-router) #network 172.30.1.0

#% "< iG BW L } .> >L ) ' ' iG W ' "< $@ I5 @ ". 3G. }! Ru
H" ' I #% "< % 'F =) %' I
R2 # show ip eigrp topology
IP-EIGRP Topology Table for AS 3
DCodes: P - Passive, a - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply

r - Reply status
P 192.168.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 20512000

Via Connected, Serial1/0
P 172.30.0.0/16, 1 successors, FD is 20514560
Via 192.168.1.1 (20514560/28160), Serial1/0
IP-EIGRP Topology Table for AS 3 % '! F #|5 =) %! M ) % 'F C !

Autonomous 2 ) F5 = >L Autonomous system number # +$VI AS 3
H % '! 2 ) j #|5 3 %' system number
p 5 M * I' "< =) . F4 passive X`$ , - p 6) 0 !rR
1 successors %! r s1/0 , - ip 6) t 45 !) %F ! r ; 3G. L 7 $ C B)
feasible distance 6) ( %! r # 75 1$5 M mI< * b 1$5 ! C
$. ip 7B + #F4` "' K ; ( ) 7 auto-summary 7 4 ( !) %F .W 2 r R
! X8! =) = auto-summary 6) B -' % '! }! 3G. TzOH{PHPHP
H eigrp 6) Z VF' - K + a) 7B + @ n9!
auto-summary 6) B =$ ' < interface 2) B ip 6) 3G. }! >) Ru

3G. 7 e($5 iG W D < &$s s G. interfaces 6) 3G. ;F $I !W * 1 }
H $. -
BBR (config-router) #no auto-summary
X { 7 ' K+ a X`$ =M) $IF F5 iG " `$' 7 ; 7 F >L Ru

H ( K + a \ 'B


R2 (config-router) #network 10.0.0.0

3G. 5 K #‚ 7 =L %' 7 7B + K + a 3G. X` 4 Ru
DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP 1: Neighbor 192.168.1.2 (Serial1/0) is up ƒ

new adjacency
" ' W Z' ! BBR router L =M) Z.GF Ru
BBR # show ip eigrp neighbors
TQOHTlyHOHO TQOHTlyHT.2 ! 1 Fr) \ 4 !) %F Ru
2 successors 6 V I5 _ 2 ) ip address 10.0.0.0 6) ; =) %F Ru

) TQOHTlyHTHO ip 6) Z L & .G ^5 _ ; 3G. L 6$ $ 5 F4
H backup route 6) I5 _ ". 3G. TQOHTlyHOHO ip Z ^5 @ ^5 _
5M $. 10.0.0.0 ; L & .G -' ^5 @ =) show ip route ^ W %F Ru
TQOHTlyHOHO $. 75 ^5 @ 192.168.1.2 ( Z
I * $V + I * $V = (
routing table 6) "< mI< ^5 _ k ) TPHPHPHP ; L & .G ^5 @ =) d ! Ru

6) 7B + TQOHTlyHTHO ip6) Z "! 2 ^5 @ #|5 > D TQOHTlyHOHO $.
TQOHTlyHTHO 5M =) %' topology table 6) % '! "< ! |! >) Routing table
H backup route6) $. # +$1$
L TOy serial interface 1/0 6) 7B + bandwidth 6) [' F ( F!) [' G. "< Z Ru

! I 7 4 ( j G serial interface 1/1 6) ( ) #' ( } ?< TPOg
successors K ! 7IF " b ^5 @ ) =$ #F '- 5 ' I5 @
feasible successors -' 5 !W j > topology table 6) "< +$1$ BW ip6) %! FF
. C B) L 7I'F! eigrp 6$ $ b K+ a X` F #'! =) 4 =M) R

Ip default-network
R2 ,R3 74%! =) 5 ! interface serial 1/2 }! '! 6 V!) 5 BBR =) F` < >L Ru
ip default-network W) G. X`$ $IF < D BBR }! '!M B $ -' 5
& .G X @' 5 B iG ^5 @ \ 4' R2,R3 $I eigrp 6) -' BBR
H }! '!M L
7B + -' =) F` < >q< i) L BW 7 72 5 $. ip default-network W Ru

71$1 X($ , - ip 6) =) \ 4! F< google.com L & .G + ) BBR - ;
6„ default network6 , - ip 6) L & .G $I < ; 7B + +$1$ s )
ip default-network6) " m : Y = G. D ip 6) G.
}! '!M c - ! " serial 1/2 6) K+ ) X`$ $IF BBR 6) 7B ! =) 4 Ru
BBR (config) #interface s1/2

BBR (config-if) #ip address 4.2.2.2 255.0.0.0
BBR (config-if) #bandwidth 256
BBR (config-if) #clock rate 250000
serial interface 1/2 " - K + a X` F #'! =M) Ru

ip default-network " - K + a X`$ L =M) 7I'FF Ru
BBR (config) #ip default-network 4.2.2.0
% \$ 5( 7 4 iG - ios 6) - ! }! >L . \$ ' =M) 1$5 Ru

7 ; G# static route 5$ ' ( =L
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Serial1/2
*+$1$ K + a 3G. C 25 ios 6) - ! }! >L L

eigrp 6) 7B + K + a 3G. X8! \$ ! 2 *$@- Ru
) ^5 _ j> D 3G. # L } .> K "( =) ?'! * BW *$@- ". 3G. Ru
R2#show ip route
'< `) @ G. =) %F Ru
D* 4.2.2.0/8 [90/15610] via 192.168.1.1 00:56:44 , serial interface 1/2
7 ) BW 7 last resort 6) $. ! G. k Y ! F4 %F u Ru
H }! '!M B) X($ C ) 71$1 X($ G. L & .G BW
show ip eigrp neighbors J 72 > % 'F 3G. : Y ] '! \$ =M) Ru
H ! 1 < \ 4 iG Z ( 72 5 H 6) \ D H \ R
BW = $F < C ! D address R
BW 7V'5 B iG interface 6) $. D interface R
V >) BW hello V " 3 |'F5 iG }($ $. D hold uptime R
-' 5 V< G# ^5 @ G. =) '45 \$ }($ G. 6 B 3G.
iG }($ $. RTO (retransmission timeout) SRTT (Smoothed round trip time) R
L 7 routing update table 2 <D# + |'F5 6 L F Z 5
6$ $ 3 |'F5 iG }($ $#< RTO 6) ) # I' !) ?' # + L c ' r B)
H # I' 3G. =) ACK ?'
6$I # L '5 " eV "< |'F "' 7b + $. D eV " 4 ) queue D Q \ R
congestion problem might … F'B 1$5 !?< 9 2 ) L ( G. + > >L !) $
H # L '5 7b 1$5 M >) 9 C 5 ( G. = >L D exist
update, query, or reply 7b B) 72 5 iG ( $. D Seq num (sequence number) R
H BW # I' packet
show ip route eigrp J 72 > % 'F 3G. : Y ] '! \$ =M) Ru

X @' 5 C eigrp 6$ $ 6 B # \ 4' "' ip route 6) t 45 W G. Ru
H K ; 3G. L & .G
eigrp6) ^5 _ ; 3G. \ 4' ! F45 $#< D 6) \ L F L Ru
V'- : Y # 3G. NULL0 . # \ 4'F * 5 1 F5 1$5 Ru
L ; 3G. 4' 7 < # V< 172.30.0.0 ; 3G. "< ; ] >)
^5 _ 1$5 M V' #!W ; 3G. L & .G C B) ^5 _ 1$5 = >) 4' C BW K
H ; 3G# summary 7 ! 85) # L & .G B)
show ip protocols J 72 > % 'F 3G. : Y ] '! \$ =M) Ru
! F4 dynamic routing protocols running on the router6) 7 t 45 W G. R
B) L & .G 7b C B) … _ p i) F5+ I5 @ 7 4 "' KM$ $ 7 t 45
, $B S 4 G'! " -' . G. # -' 5 "' metric 6) ( C ! =L F. X @' ! Ru

K1 ,K2,K3,K4,K5 .
H #1$ V 4 7() JBandwidth
H 6 V M "< +$1$ B?' J Delay
keepalives 6) B '4 . BW \ @ L 6$ $ ( 7() J Reliability
6) *+$1$ bandwidth 6) '4 #1$ V 1$ 7 ( 7() J Loading
H interface
6$ $ -' 7IF "< -' #1 $ L V 7IF -' 7I! * [ ) J MTU
H eigrp
4 # L 6$ $ X @' 5 Y V() =) F4'< EIGRP maximum hopcount 100 ) Ru
H 7 45 =M j > 4 TPP
^5 _ -' 5 !) F4 variance 1 L EIGRP maximum metric variance 1 R
successors ; 3G. L & .G
mI< … _ g F 4 Y L & .G V(? -' 5 \$ !) F4'< J Maximum path: 4 R
show ip eigrp interfacesJ72 > % 'F 3G. : Y ] '! \$ =M) Ru

eigrp 6$ $ 7 4'5 iG interface 6) $. J Interface
interface 6) G. ^5 _ # 6 V M '5 5G = % + J Peers
7 =L |'F "' 7b + J Xmit Queue Un/Reliable
interface 6) G. ^5 _ # L '5 =L |'F "' 7b J Pacing Time Un/Reliable
interface6) G. ^5 _ 6 L ' B iG }($ J Multicast Flow Timer
multicast 6) I5 @ # L ^5 _
7B + #4` ' "' routes6) + J Pending Routes
show ip eigrp topologyJ72 >
% 'F 3G. : Y ] '! \$ =M) Ru
; & .G C B) … _ p ! M } r 4` I #% "< iG =) F4 J Passive (P)
ip 7 ) 3 =L Z%5 iG \ $. 4 7 4 "'
" B) ^5 _ ) B) router L 6$ $ 6 ! # L 6$ $ 6 "' ; =L F4 J Active (A)
# L 7V
B) ^5 @ 6$ $ |'! 1$5 = >L . ( ) 25 ( ip 6) G. =) F4 J Update (U)
# L 6$ $
; 3G. L & .G B) ^5 _ 4' M '5 !) F4 J Query (Q)
; 3G. 4' 7 ) ( + 6 L '5 ! F4 J Reply (R) status
6$ $ 7 1$5 M ! F4 . . =) 5 M }!) 3G. J Stuck-in-active (SIA) status
H ; 3G. L
show ip eigrp traffic J72 > % 'F 3G. : Y ] '! \$ =M) Ru

hello ,update ,queries ,replies , ack 7 # I' # L "' 7b + 72 ".
Configuring Advanced EIGRP Options
ip + # =$ 5 vlan 2 ) # B + Y F5 = >L J Route Summarization Ru
TQOHTlyHgHP TQOHTlyH{HP TQOHTlyHOHP TQOHTlyHTHP 72 address
Y} ( G 13 routing table 6) =) %' eigrp 6) 7B + ip 6) 3G. -' $I F
72 ip 7B + # K # 5M 3G. X % C summarization 7 . *0 3G. X`$ $
H TQOHTlyHPHP€OT
7 F [ routing table % j5 =$ ! $ Y 6$I j > / & W R
t '9F < j > s [ % =L %' C BW K update for routing table
TQOHTlyHTPHP 72 B) ( ) ; ip 6) n9! 5 1$5 B) 1$5 !
H ; 3G. L & .G B) C 5 5 F ; ] 3G. "<
XF "' null0 X` ! %F F 4 ; , B ip " summarization 7 4 $I! F
H n9F V' #!) "< ; 3G. L 6$ $ B) ^5 _ p "< loop ]
#F Fr "' 72 K # 5M $% summarization 7 '5 e Ru

e 'B '5 iG ( = e 8 r summarization 7 5 iG 5M 7 ' $I M ) R
" ' 6 2 72 9 3 F 5M
TQOHTly.P.0
vlan Y 7 , - (!W j > ( W "< [ 3 F 1$5 iG 9V [' } ( !) %F R
TQOHTlyHgHP $. vlan B) 3 F eI5 iG ( & $I! ! r R
6) " j > binary to decimal 75$ ' ^5 _ ( G. & / V(L 7 4 $I! 2 r R
[' < '5 iG BW 7 ( oct
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
0 0 0 0 0001=1
0 0 0 0 0 010=2
0 0 0 0 0 011=3
0 0 0 0 0 100=4
W =$ # 4' } ( ( #1 ' ! M "' ( W "( X % $I! r Ru
7 iG 5M G# , - mask 6) ' F >L OgP†y‡Tl‡{O‡lg‡TOy † % 'F
OSSHOSSHOgPHP
interface 6) } 5M G. X`$ $IF D , - mask 6) ip 6) X`$ $IF 5) 2 r Ru
7 4! F iG 6 2 4 ! G >L ; 3G# 7V'! B iG
serial interface 6) K $ $. ' summarization 6) G. X`$ $IF iG interface 6) Ru
FrM # 7 $ "'
BBR(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 1
BBR(config-subif)#ip address 172.30.1.1 255.255.255.0
5M G# - K 7 4 $IF =M) Ru
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
0 0 0 0 0001=1
0 0 0 0 0 010=2
0 0 0 0 0 011=3
0 0 0 0 0 100=4
OgP † y‡Tl‡{O‡lg‡TOy
OSSHOSSHOgPHP $. , - mask 6) TzOH{PHPHP ip F5 =$ ! % 'F
eigrp 1 7B + '< `q F ( "' ip 7 < `L 4 7 ; $. G. Ru
BBR(config-router)#network 172.30.1.0 0.0.0.255

no auto- summary ) ' eigrp 1 6) L & .G $IF 2 r Ru
BBR(config-router)#no auto-summary
C B) * # 6 V M K+ ) ( r # 7V' . 7 7V9 ( =L d F Ru
V' 7 7B + no auto-summary ) Z' ! =L F Z%5
R2(config)#router eigrp 1
R2(config-router)#no auto-summary
R3(config)#router eigrp 1
R3(config-router)#no auto-summary
,- W X`$ $I! r serial interface 1/0 6$B BBR L & .G =M) $IF Ru
Summarization
34 W ' 7(7 ; * $ X`$ $(? j > 7 ( R
7(
$. |F G. 7 I5 " 4 1 3 |'F! iG W Ru
BBR(config-if)# ip summary-address eigrp 1 172.30.0.0 255.255.240.0
Autonomous system 6) ( X8! =L Z%5 F!L %F ip summary-address W X` 4 Ru

autonomous sys num 2 ) v F = >L 4 =L Z%5 eigrp 6) , - number
; G. m F ( F!L 4 t '9F < 1a ˆ ( G# C B) * W G. X` j Z%
7 =L 5 M j! I'4 B) ( C eigrp 2 7 4 F ( serial ^5 _ C B)
$ % 3G# Summarization 7 = 3G. K # 5M $ %
4
show ip route 6" 789 -# 1*: R3 ( 0 12%3 "3 45 /.

Summarization 0 ; , " 6" <= !*: !96 > 3 ?- @ 9 +A-'
% E- - DA F !% B* " A -! " C 4 2: : 4 DA /.
R2#clear ip routeu
F ( iG p5 ' C " * 5 1 C B) 5$ 5 I routing table 6) k $I W G. Ru

H
Load Balancing Across Equal Paths

H62 "< *+$1$ "' 72 Y j5 = >L 1 . ) 'F =M) Ru
7
-' 5 router 1 7. TPHTHOHP ; L 6$ $ I5 _ 1$5 !) C ! Ru
* $V 3G. 4 t 4' F j > 1‰ ˆ ; 3G. L & .G I5 @
BBR # show ip route
TQOHTlyHOHO $. TPHPHPHP
L & .G successors mI< ^5 _ -' 5 =L %F Ru
Load Balancing 7 FrM -' 5 M > >L FD 6) n9! # FrM =L C ! !
H #F
W ^5 _ j> ' $ load balancing 6 W X5•$ 7 4 $IF !
eigrp 6$ $ K + L } X`$5 W G. Variance
BBR(config-router)#variance 2
1 F serial 6) ' $ load balancing 7 BBR X @' I5 @ 3G#

TPHPHPHP ; L C 6 a
78<) ^5 _ 1$5 ; 3G. L & .G I5 _ j5 = >L ! b ( variance ) Ru
2 ! 7 4 $I < 5 ' $ 9V! L X@I $I5 !?< ^5 @ Z "! 2
Z j > "! 2 ^5 @ "( /0% 6 L r ^5 _ 6 ) ^5 _ b01 6 q $I5 {JT
bandwidth I5 @ 7 4 C
l L -' X @' ! }($ n9! "< I5 @ -' ! =L 5 ! I5 _ F5 F!) F45 $#< O ( ) Ru
; 3G. L 6$ $ … _
L 6$ $ I5 _ 2 ) j5 F4 ; 6V j5 =$ 5 =L 5 ! | ! =L Z%5 Ru
eigrp 6$ $ =M j > x @ } ) 6 a "< =L % … @ 7 B? ( ; 3G.
H % T ' mB 7 5 F s $ Sl ' mB packet 6 q $I5 F
EIGRP Bandwidth Use Across WAN Links
bandwidth 6) =?< point-to-point # $ ^5 _ B) m $I! F Ru

B Š$ A j5 = >) F4 D 6 V M G. L 7 *•$% =$ -'
3G. n9F #F K ! 7I! =$ < ! 2 "< $ OSl 6 V M point-to-point I5 @
# •$ =$ -' =?< point-to-multipoint 6 V f$! j5 = >) Ru

". # 6 V M B,C,E,D K g Š$ A j5 = >L 6 2 D shared i '
OSl =$ 7 F4 K X W % T 6) X5•$' eigrp 6$ $ $I < D % T
$
7V' B) m mB point-to-point m mB 1$5 $. hybrid 6) 5 $. p 2 f$F Ru

H $`$ ) ' 7 45 m 7 F. point-to-multipoint B)
Configuring EIGRP Authentication
!" 7 X` ^5 _ 5 9 4'! \$ w G. "< Ru
MD5 authentication -' I5 @ 3G. D B) 7 6VM
MD5 authentication is supported by:

– OSPF
– RIPv2
– BGP
REIGRP
Simple password authentication 6) MD5 authentication 6) … 9
s =$ F4 clear text \ 4 simple password authentication 6) "< =$

packet6) X L 9;' j< : '9 5$ ' $I5 packet 6) X 7 =$ * 9;
7 I5 k = >L r I @' * 9; j< : '9 =L ?' 7 I $I5 ! r
H 7 I' 5 M 5 iG * 9; j< : '9 ^ @5 M = >L
$I5 r * 9; j< : '9 'B $I! MD5 authentication 6) -' 9;'

BW L 6 q $I5 rD ‹ # ) |! "< # B+L K !$ 3G. -' 9;'
=$ 5 BW L ^ @ * 9Y j< : '9 =$ 5 BW D 9;' j< : '9 =
* 9; j< : '9 n9! 1$5 7 =) D BW *+$1$ "' r
Š I' d< 5 !W BW |F ! ) 2 ) |F G. 7B + # L L " + 1$5 <
H 7B +
chain key 6) \ 45 |F G. "< 1$5 MD5 authentication -' L F Ru

=L 62 7 < -' 5 4 }( : '9 7 k 9 1$5 ! F4
72 C B) -' ! r $#Y { * {P ( * 9; j< : '9 Cisco 1 -' !
'5 " G . BW * 9; j< : '9 * / #'! 4 $#Y { * * 9Y j< : '9 CIA
-' j > D }($ n9F K 7 }($ 0 m ` Z%5 7 ' K + a 3G. -'
7B + }($ m ` B ; "< I5 p (network time protocol ) NTP 6$ $
H ;
Configuring MD5 Authentication

9;' K + L X` 4 ! \ 4! =L Z%5 eigrp 6$ $ X MD5 9;' |! -' M M ) Ru
1$5 M BW 9; |! +$1 j > FrM 6 V M X@( '5 \$
BW #IV r 6 W #48' "' K + a Œ ! 85) Z%5 9;' j< : '9
$@ "< K < 1 >L * * [V \ "#< K + a 3G. j>
H < 7 4 \$ iG }($
interface 9;' X`$ $I =L K+ ) interface serial 2 ) j5 1$5 = >L ! r Ru

X8' iG interface 6) 6$B Z%5 j G D B) interface K+ a 3G. X`
HK+ a
1- R0 (config) # interface serial 0/0
2- R0 (config-if) # ip authentication mode eigrp 1 md5
3- R0 (config-if) # ip authentication key-chain eigrp 1 Cisco
9;' |! -' $I5 \$ "! 2 W ! r serial 6) K + L j B 5 \$ 6 W • M ) Ru

: '9 -' $I5 \$ p 2 W 2 r eigrp 6$ $ K+ a 3G. X` $I MD5
Cisco iG 9;' j<
gR R0(config)#key chain Cisco
S- R0(config-keychain)#key 1
l- R0(config-keychain-key)#key-string dragon
z- R0(config-keychain-key)# accept-lifetime 11:49:00 Feb 3 2009 infinite
y- R0(config-keychain-key)# send-lifetime 11:49:00 Feb 3 2009 infinite
Cisco k 9 5$ ' $I5 \$ global ) X W Ru

3G. 7B + : '9 6 ) 5$ ' $I5 \$ n - W Ru
dragon X85 w+ W Ru
X`$ } ( ( : '9 G. -' < ) 5 \$ iG }($ 5 X`$ $I5 X W Ru
}( + =L 5 !W j > : '9 G# 7 4' < "#'F }( 1$5 M ! 6$() " infinite
) : '9 G# 7 4' < "#'F5 4
H # L '5 \$ "' packets 6) 9;' X` h X`$ $I 2 W Ru
j> BW X 6 V M X@( ! % \$ 6 ) K+ a 3G. X` 4 Ru

9;' |! +$1$
H BW #4` K+ a 3G. - ! GB? $IF j G Ru
}($ m ` ?' =L Z%5 j G K + a 3G. 6 4' h }( 5 ' F ( F!L %! Ru

)6 B j> 6 W
*- R0 # Clock set 1:40:00 3 feb 2009
+B ! 6 W 'B $IF ; 7B + *+$1$ K "( }($ m 8 Ru

)6 B j > NTP ;
uRR0(config) # NTP master
*- R1(config) # NTP server 192.168.1.1 = Ba j > BW X`$5 W G.

; 7B + }($ m ` 6$x $. = $F4 G. !
-' BW L # q $I5 "' 7b L debug 7 4 $I5 \$ + I W Ru
eigrp 6$ $
*- R0 # debug eigrp packets
K md5 authentication K + L X`$ I * $V Ru
debug eigrp packets ) K 1 - k`$ I * $V Ru

Using EIGRP in an Enterprise Network
#F ; 7B + K ! 7I! *+$1 "< ' "' K r„ 2 v F. Ru

m Š$@B + K + ; % Ru
7 7B + *+$1$ routing table 6) % Ru
F4 Y L 6$ $ 75 ^5 _ p "< 3GB?5 iG }($ Ru
; 7B + K ! 7I! / +) & %5a r„! \$ #F # 4'! \$ * 5 1 K + L v F. j G Ru
#1 7( f ) * $V 5 7b p
EIGRP Queries
F4 Y 6 V M X@IF5 5 7b p 9 ] '! \$ /0% G. "< Ru
C BW X( $ ? " b m 4'mB I95 F6 q $I5 R

\# L 6$ $ B) 7 p $I5 !W active
"< =M) K I< "' route 6) R
+$I9
neighbors table 6) "< *+$1$ K 7 L 4' 7b 6 q $I5 R
*+$I9 ; L 6$ $ B) 7 4'
7b 6 q F 4' $I < 4' # 7 K %5 >L R
4' M 7 ) F ) iG V' K L 4'
6 q $I < $ @ ; L 6$ $ B) 7 #F 4' M "' K 1 >L R
; 7B + K ;'! "' 4' M 7b 7 e( '5 BW L+
$I5 !?< advanced distance vector protocol &$ ) '45 eigrp 6$ $ =) Ru

backup 6„ V' K ; I< >L C BW K L 4' 7b 6 q
route
4' "< #!L F4 going active #F 4' M '5 "' ;) 3G. < Ru
75 route p
7V' "' K L 4' 7b 7 5 7 4' M 7b 9 ] j G Ru

*+$I9 ;) 4' 5 " #
j > C BW K L # L '5 "' 4' M 7b •9B 9 7 o( F! \$ F. Ru

stub ) ^5 _
\ _C T I95 F4< O 7V' T =$ 5 F ! W G. # $I5 "' # Ru

p $I5 O =<O L 4' 6 q $I5 F ! < # 7V' "' K ;
6$I5 + 6 q $I5 !?< ; 3G. L ^5 _ %5 >L 5 "' routing table 6) 7B +
; 3G. L 75 ^5 _ 5 1$5 M ! T L
! 1 L # q $I5 "' 4' M 7b 7 Y k`$ + I * $V Ru
eigrp 6$ $ K+ L 6$B $I! \$ stub W - K+ a X`$ Ru
BBR(config-router)# eigrp stub
4' 6 I' $I5 F 3G. "< jF $ @ K + a 7 ". 3G.Ru

summery route 6) 7B + p $I < F 4 Y L 6$ $ ^5 _ p B)
; 3G. L B) ^5 _ i F 1$5 M 6$I 7 5 \$ . %5 >L 5 *+$1$
H *+$VI ; L 6$ $ ^5 _ 5 ! „ 6 q $I5 \$ !?< # ^5 _ 1 >L
summarization 6) . I #F Fr ( ; 3G. 7 C B) I5 _ 1$5 Ru

F Z _ >L 5 "' routing table 6) 7B + p $I5 =?< summarization 6) <
H Y 4' M
Graceful Shutdown
F ) ^ [ F4 graceful shutdown 6) B eigrp 6$ $ : Y "< /01 B) G. Ru
O T =$ 5 F ! } ( Cisco AY "< FF5+ n $. 7'I F4
T eigrp 6$ $ ^[ ; 6$x w F# ( eigrp 6$ $ -' V'
4 j> T 4' 7b 6 L \ I5L $. graceful shutdown 6 $I5 \$ O =?<
T 4' 6 q $I < update routing table 6 , - hold time 6) "#'F5 =L
\ I5q $I5 T L goodbye ) O $I5 Fr gP 4 Z %' 5 M T
H ; 6 [YL j> L 4' 7b 6 L
OSPF
Open Shortest Path First
f 9 *+ 4' -8 K ; "< -' 5 s $. * I4 KM$ $ ospf 6$ $ '45 Ru

link- B $ -' 5 = $F = G. IS-IS $. BW 6$ $ link-state f$! 6$ $ $.
=L t '9! BW L ] '5 " 5 =L 5 ^5 _ 7 L ( X85 _ $. state
( X`$ ospf 6$ $ $I < interface 1 GB } ^5 _ Router 2 7V' Router 1
^5 _ 78<) '4 < ^5 @ G. L ospf 6$ $ #485 "' I ( T ^5 @ G.
. bandwidth and speed 4 "< 7( ^5 _ '45 I K
". link-state 6$ $ K 0 Cisco 6$I Ru

; 7B + K [' 45 %' M R
; 7B + [ ] 5 F M) p5 7 5MR
-' … @ "< K [' < 4 p5 6 L $I5 I (+ {P 7 R
4 7 ; "< [ mI< ] >L p5 6 q Link-state routing protocols $I5 Ru

6 q $I5 V' ; 2 router 1 "< [ ] 5 F D topology ;
; 3G. "< ] [ v F. =L $ 45 " ! 1 7 L link-state advertisement (LSA)
K ! * ( ] ' $I5 !?< router 2 6 2 7 $. [' G. BW • #% 7 I' 5 F Ru

router 2 =?< O B) 7V' = >L link-state database (LSDB) 5 "'
H 5 K ! * ( ] ' BW $. $I5 " 2 router 3 L 3G. p5 ' 6 q $I5
link-state '45 iG ospf 6$ $ -' ! F 7B + 1$ "' K ! * ( Ru

routing table 6) . '4! F 4 #1 L & .G … @ 78<) 'B 6 W 6$x ".
Shortest Path First (SPF) 'B '5 # B "' .
#!$ 5 "' 6 1 { 6) \ 4'F j G link-state 6$ $ ospf 6$ $ '45 Ru

H 7B + link-state 6$ $
iG 6 % $. adjacency database 85) \ 45 $. Neighbor table = % ) 6 1 Ž T Ru

H router 7 @ neighbors 6) K ! C$' 5
$. link-state database V'B LSDB L ;5 $. Topology table R O Ru

H ! 16 B j> # \ 4' "' K ; 7 C$' 5 iG 6 %
78<) C$' 5 $. LSDB 6) '< 4 6 B =$ iG 6 % $. Routing table R { Ru

H F 4 #1 L & .G … @
'45 !W 6 1 r 2 3G. 85) $. C$' 5 !?< IS-IS 6$ $ ] '! / Y =) F Ru
. link-state 6$ $ BW $.
! 1 I5 =L 7895 6$ $ G. =?< ospf 6$ $ ] '! F !L \ 4! =L Z%5 Ru

] '! \$ LSDB 6) % X @ routing table 6) % 7 I' j > area ^_ F L $
H 2 ) * $V k`$! " F ) * $V 3G. X8F 5 ( ^_ F 3G.
B I@F area router 7 router 2 router 3 7 =L I * $V "< C ! Ru

backbone area "' area 0 "< +$1$ $. router 1 V' FrM
H 1 |9 ! =L Z%5 $#9 G. D i I9 +$ 4 Y ) b ; " 4 )
C 5 " LSDB 6) 6 1 7B + |F $I5 \$ O =?< T 6VM O $I5 " Ru

$I5 j G ! 1 7 | < 4 L 1 "< O =?< j G M ) +$1$ G. = >L
] ' "< K I G-'5 B 6 1 $. adjacency database 5 6 1 =$ '
$. L 6$ $ C B) … _ p "< |F5 !?< +$1$ 5 >L +$1$ = >L G. L
ospf 6$ $ ,B6 1
5G ! 1 < 4 $I5 link-state-advertisement ULSAN 6) 7b 6 B Ru

H # V' K ; $
6 B j > . VI5 "' #% L 6$ $ ^5 _ 78<) L 6$ $ - $I5 7 Ru

* $ 3G. Dijkstra 71 . ' I5 _ . Dijkstra’s algorithm
Edsger Dijkstra
!?< . 5 5 "' ; ) #% ^5 _ 78<) L 6$ $ 4 3G# 7 $I5 =L 4 Ru

H ! 1 $ #` 4 $I5 - routing table 6) 5$ ' $I5
=) Z ) "' ; - topology 6 2 ) '#5 !?< link-state 6$ $ -' 5 7 Ru

# V' K ; \ 45 ! 1 L |F $I5 7 F4 ; 7; . $ )
$V C =$ 5 j G G. 7V' ; 3G. "< B) v F. = >L
78<) > - ( " ?5 F. < 7 4 7 ; G# D # 7V' #F /01 $. "' ; 7; 7 Y
. VI5 "' #% L 6$ $ 5 " ^5 _
"< =) p @IF 3G. "< distance vector 6$ $ link-state 6$ $ e '-5 Ru

"< 3 1 # 5 "' routing table 6) '45 7 =?< distance vector 6$ $
( G-'5 iG $. 5 1$ "' ; 4 7; '45 7 =?< link-state 6$ $
$ L 6$ $ ^5 _ 78<)
OSPF Area Structure

'F # F 5 "' ^_ F area's 6) L ospf 6$ $ / F I5 _ '! \$ /0% G. "< Ru
\ 4 "' C BW ^_ F backbone area 6) \ 4 "' area 0 . # I@F
H Nonbackbone area
#!?< Dijkstra calculations 4 I =?< [V ; % F Ru

6) 7b =$ \$ @ . 5 ! "' #% L 6$ $ ^5 _ 78<) 'B #
7 router's 6) * # < 1$5 "' * K ; "< D 7 ( .+ LSA
=$ ' < ^5 _ 78<) 'BM 4 I =?< . 5 5 "' #% L 6$ $ * 2 5 … _
link-state advertisement (LSA) 6) 7b + =$ 5 \$ 6$_) }( GB? \$ * I4
H AREA'S ^_ F L * K ; 3G. I =) 7895 OSPF 6$ $ =?< j G .+
area's ^_ F $! v F. Ru
1$5 j5 = >L 6 2 -' < 7V'5 "' I@F . J Regular area RTR
serial interface 6) =?< interface fast Ethernet T interface serial T Ž interface O +
. switch 7V' =$ 5 \$ interface fast Ethernet 6) B) 7V' =$ 5 \$
". -' L interface fast Ethernet 6) 6 ) I@F 3G. -' 7V' iG
- B ; - K! # "' I@F . Regular area * I@F
-'
K! #< . B) 6VM # -' 5 "' I@F . J Transit area ROR

H LSDB LSA 6) 7b 72 OSPF 6$ $ -
6) I@F I 78<W !) Cisco Y 6$I OSPF 6$ $ # I5 "' ^_ F ". 3G. Ru

router SP #B+K + 505 M I@F 7 ^_ F * L Transit area
Z ' ^_ F * L Transit area 6) I@F ( " OSPF 6$ $ + " ?5 F. Ru
" '
=$ "' Router's K P ( I@F . backbone area i I9 +$ 4 I@F RTRu

backbone router's 6) I@F 3G. "< *+$1$
area border 6) I@F ". backbone area 6) I@F .) 7I M . ! 2 I@F RORu

C B) I@F backbone 6) I@F 'I@F 7V' router # < =$ 5 "' I@F . router's
(ABR) area border router'sŽ b [ ^_ F Nonbackbone area
V' 5 #F "< #F Router's * # I@F =$ . Nonbackbone area 6) I@F R{Ru

BBA 6) I@F L # - packet's6) 7 $ 6$x $. 2 ) ) mI<
I@F 3G. 7B + K ^_ F ( 9 k`$ I * $V Ru

routing table 6) % 7I5 LSA 6) 7b + 7I5 I' G# Ru
I' G. b $< Cisco Y 6$I Ru

; 7B + LSA 6) 7b + 7 I5RTR
7# ) summarization 6) =$ ROR
LSDB 6) 6 1 p5 k V 7# 5 R{R
OSPF Adjacency Databases
Adjacency DatabasesH = % 6 1 L / ;!L 9 ] 'F I G. "< Ru
3 1 ( 4 ?;F link-state protocol 6$ $ -' # < '5 C "< Ru

J • 7 ^5 _
f$! C ^5 _ * Y # 7V' $. 7 L hello packets 6 q 7 $I5 RTR
^5 _ j> 3 1 hello packets + 6 I' $I5 r D # 5 "' interface's 6)
multicast address -'
n9! "< 7V' iG =) ?' 7 $I5 hello 6) 7b 6+ 4 ROR

6) ,- I AS 6) $. F< F!L I' , - autonomous system (AS)6)
, $- n9! $. process-id -' F F. EIGRP
7 ?'5 " BW X - LSDB 6) 6+ ' 7 $I5 I K $@- / #!L 4 R{R

@ . 7 K $ 4 7 \ 45 ! ; 7B + +$1$ AY 7 \ 45 ! BW
- LSDB 6) .GB? $I5 3 F Y $ 4 VIF5 router 1 = >L
; 7B + +$1$ 7 synchronize } K $ 4 6+ =$ 5 j G Router 2
full adjacency 3G.
ABR ,DR,BDR . * 5 1 K K V'B * C ! I * $V "< Ru

H + I VI h I! =) Z%5 K @V 3G. #9! " Ru
7V' 85) area 0 7B + +$1$ '!) 6 ( r = % 6 1 7B + router2 X`$ router 1 ( R
6$x $ }!?< j G ABR – area border router 0 j VF' } ( I j G area 1
7 74% =) j b I@F "< +$1$ router 1 L j - I@F C 6 L
=$ ' •4 F LSDB 6 1 6+ ^5 _ 6 ? M )] =$ 5 =? I@F 3G. 7B +
DR - designated router "! 2 0 6 F' j G D #84 Œ ! F "' 6 % 7
; " ] >q< " 9! _ ' - ! i F =$ 5 =) 5 ) 6 ( # 3G# router 2 ( =) 4 Ru

BDR- backup designated router B? I< "! ZVF5
ABR,DR,BDR _ ' - ! F 1$5 # " ] ' # area 1 } ) j G Ru
Calculating the OSPF Metric

"••< OSPF 6$•• $ # -' • 5 "••' • •+4 & • • $••. G••. J Edsger Dijkstra Ru
H . 5 5 "' #% L & .G ^5 _ 78<) 'B
. 5 5 "' #% L $5 =) 5 5 Cost ^5 _ 7 9 X`$ $I5 F ( . Ru
Link-State Data Structures

7 ?'5 # B "' link-state updates (LSUs) 6) ] 'F I G. "< Ru
H [ # ] 5 C BW *0#1W 7 =L
j > 4 I (+ {P . < "#'F + }( # LSA – link state advertisement 7 Ru

[ ] >L *+$1 } 0 ! % 7. \ 45 " ! 1 F LSA 6) 7b 6+ ' $I5
p5 ' G. X`$ $I5 r link state update Ž LSU 7 I' ) 6 q $I5 K V 3G. <
LSDB - K ! * ( 7B +
OSPF Packet Types
3G. \ 4'! \$ ! 1 F =$ 5 " # -' 5 7b S 5 OSPF 6$ $ Ru

H / Y =) 7 V9' 7b
helloRT
database description (DBD)RO
link-state request (LSR)R{
link-state update (LSU)Rg
link-state acknowledgement (LSAck)RS
ip address, ospf version C$' B) L OSPF 6$ $ # 5 7 Ru

Router-id , area number , checksum , authentication type
7b - + " ?5 r Ru
$ e;' 5 " , - = % 6 1 ospf 6$ $ =$ 5 F 7 hello RTR
H 5% L # 5 #< 45 5G = % 7 6 1 # B =$
# 5 LSDB K ! * ( C$' . Data (for DBD packet) ROR

I \ 4'F router-id 85) C$' 6 ? M ) r #F K $ 4 =$ " ! 1 L
( j K $ 4 # 1$5 j - V-; ( @ ( 72 router-id =?< V'-
•4 #84 K 0 "< router-id -' 5 j G C B) * 9 K $ 4 (@
LSU-link state update C$' . J Data (for LSR packet) R{R

6) 7B + e 85 ) LSDB ] 5 " O T 2 _ iG p5 ' C$' F4
5 1 1 routing table
6) 6 1 "< *+$1$ "' K 25 ' 7 C$' . J Data (for LSU packet) RgR
- routing table 6) p5 ' $I5 " 4 7B + LSDB
iG L p5 ' 6? iG 7 . J Data (for LSAck packet) RSR

HK! * ( = % 6 1 p5 K! 6 I' ! „5 " p5 ' 7 )
Establishing OSPF Neighbor Adjacencies
C 6+ ^5 _ j > LSDB 6) 6 1 "< ^ @ 0 ] 5 - 7b 3G. ' =L 4 Ru

TWO-WAY state L $ 5• #% =$ 5 *+$1$ K 25
f$! $. ip address 224.0.0.5 L f ' M ^5 _ 7b # $ + '5 "' I5 @
H C B) L 7I'F! multicast
C L (" interface ip address 7 interface C$' 5 7 J Router-id Ru

router-id 6) ". k V I5 @ OSPF K + ) "< X`$ GB? +$1$ n < '!
TPHPHPHT TQOHTlyHTHO D interface 2) $`$ ip address 6) 3G. v F = >) 6 2
0 5 $. router-id 6) F ( router-id 6) $. k V5 " TQOHTlyHTHO 'B '5 \$
#!W 1 # . 2) *+$1$ I n9! =$ =) Z%5 < •4 #84 K
OSPF 6) K + L "< -'
n < '!M ( 2 ) ) 7( ' ( loop interface j5 = >L * 5 < 1$5 Ru
interface serial 192.168.1.2 j5 = >) 6 2 Router-id 6) k V5 !?< *+$1$
6) 'B '5 router-id 6) 6 B Router-id 6) k V5 !?< loop interface 10.0.0.1 j5
DR and BDR
>L 3 1 L "! $r TP 7 hello 6 L $I5 J Hello and dead intervals Ru

} % G. '45 KM g 4 Z %' 5
6 1 "< 5 1 1 X` $I5 F # < =$ 5 "' . J initial state (init) Ru

= %
router-id 6) 6+ ' $I5 BW hello 6 I' 6 L '5 =) 4 Ru

TWO-WAY state "< $ V5 I 7b - 6 I' 6 L '5 =) 4
C full state 3G. DR,BDR 6) 'B I 7 3G. ' =) 4 Ru

6 q $I5 DR 6 F4 master-slave ( DR,BDR 6 ( 4 ^ @'
H L X ' 5 =) BDR 6) L p5 '
& L LSU 6 q [' Z $I5 ; "< [ C ] 5 F Ru

^5 _ j > p5 ' G. # V5 "' C BW K 7 L 7 5 =) DR 0
6 1 0 ^ @' $I5 r LSUack + [ # ] "' K $I5 r LSU
H r K 6 =) ?'5 " #F LSDB
Verifying Packet Flow
)6 B L 7 I' 7 "' 7b 3G. ( ] 'F I G. "< Ru

debug ip ospf packet
7 #‚L 6 W 6$x $. W G. 4 OSPF 6$ $ K+ L "< 7B ! F< ^ I M

6$ $ G. # -' 5 "' 7b
Configuring OSPF Routing
OSPF 6$ $ K + L X` "< W h+ 4'F w G. 6 B Ru
packet tracer 5 E ! -' F 7# ) : ; =$ 5 " R
6) n9! "< FrM 6 B+q h ' F r router FrM 7VF 2 router + -' ! R
area I@F ) n9! process-id
loop back interface O 7 7B + X8F K + a 50 e 8! " Ru

Router 0 – loop back interface 10.0.0.1 – 11.0.0.2
Router 1- loop back interface 128.0.0.1 – 129.0.0.2
*- R0(config) # router ospf 1 = 6$ $ K + L X` "< h ' F F!L 6$I5 W G.
AS 6) ( X8! =L Z%5 F. OSPF
*- R0 (config – router ) # Network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
# , - wild mask 6) TQOHTlyHTHP # Y F5 F!L 6$I5 ^ W Ru

area P I@F "< *+$1$ ". PHPHPHOSS

PHOSSHOSSHOSS # , - wild mask 6 TT TP ' ; X`$ F ( ( I 5 W "< Ru

P I@F 7B + ' ; . ;! '5 \$
*- R1(config) # router ospf 1

router 1 7B + ospf 6$ $ - K+ a F4` ( =$ ! I W -' Ru
. )* I W "< F -' I Ru
process-id 6) ( X`$ F ( r router ospf R
; = $F $. ip address R
subnet mask 6) w$ 4 $. wildcard-mask R
; 3G. # " 'F' "' I@F ( $. area-id R
"< ' W -' F D 6$ $ G# K + L 6 ) F4` ( =$ ! @ K + a 3G# Ru

H #F F25 6 _ "' r 2 6 % * . ;
*- R0 # show ip ospf neighbor
neighbor table (router 0) P , - = % 6 1 #|5 ^ W Ru

loop back interface 6) , - ip 6) $. neighbor id 6) =L %! ^ W R
full 6) "< $. state 6) C ! neighbor router 6) , - ip address 6) C ! r R
BDR C ! !%
(router 0) - K! * ( #|5 " ' W Ru

*- R0 # show ip ospf database
loop back interface 6), B ip address $. router-id 6) =L I * $V "< C ! Ru

process id 1 6) C ! r TTHPHPHO Router 0 +$1$
7 =L C F ^_ F + 4' F # *+$1$ K ; C ! area 0 I@F /0% C ! j > 4 Ru
# < *+$1$ *0#1) I@F
. age C ! I@F 3G. "< • #% X` link-state 6) , - /0% C ! j > 4 Ru
checksum ( C ! r SEQ ( C ! r LSA 4 B
ospf interface , - /0% F t 45 ^ W Ru

*- R0 # show ip ospf interface
area 0 < +$1$ ! %! r n < '!M G# , - ip address 6) =) C ! Ru

BROADCAST 6 V M f$! =L C ! Router ID 11.0.0.2 6) C ! r process ID 1 6) C ! r R
DR 6) • #1 $. 4` =L C ! R
192.168.1.1 , - ip address router id 129.0.0.2 - BDR 6) C ! r R
! 2 Z 5 G. 7 hello ,dead ,wait 7 , - }($ C ! rR
Configuring OSPF for Multiple Areas
Router Interface IP address Area
Router 0 F0/0 TQOHTlyHTHT 0
Router 0 F0/1 Ty{HTlyHTHT P
Router 1 F0/1 Ty{HTlyHTHO P
Router 1 F0/0 Ty{HTlyHOHT O
Router 3 F0/0 Ty{HTlyHOHO O
Router 2 F0/0 TQOHTlyHTHO P
Router 2 F0/1 TQOHTlyHOHT T
Router 4 F0/1 TQOHTlyHOHO T
area I@F n9! "< routers O + 4 ospf 6$ $ K+ L X`$ F ( ^ 6 2 "< Ru

area 0 ,area 1, area 2 ^_ F K 4 ospf 6$ $ -' $I! \$ 6 2 G. "< Ru
routers S + ! F R
•4 $ V'5 =L routers 6) 7 X @' 5 areas ^_ F \ 'B s ! C F 6 2 G. "< Ru

"#'F! =L 4 process-id 6) [' $IF j > ?'! =L 4 process-id 6) x j >
H 6 )
router 0 ospf 6$ $ - K + a X`$ $IF =M) Ru
*- R0(config)#router ospf 1
*-R0(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
router 1 L =M) 7I'F! Ru

. ;! " router 1 6$B =M) $IF K 7 K+ a X` F #'! =L 4 Ru

! 1 .
router 7 - state 6) C F router 3 router 0 . ! 1 =L %F Ru

#F ( 4 =L F45 G. (full) router 7 # < 1$5 "' state Z! 1 =) %F
advertising . router 3 router 0 7 =L \ 4! j G DR 85) %F * I'
ABR $. G. =L \ 4! e BDR $. (router 1) G. =L %F Router
Area border router
" ' W Z' ! r Router 0 6$B $IF Ru
*-R0 # show ip ospf border-routers
ABR ! % +$1$ router 2 router 1 7 , - ip address =L %F Ru

X @' " 5 5 3 [' } ( !) Z j > e '- router-id =L %F area 0 I@F !%
7 0
ospf routing table 6) . ;! " $. router 0 " ' W ' =M) $IF Ru
*-R0#show ip route ospf
L 6$ $ X @' 5 ! area 2 area 0 7 L 6$ $ X @' 5 G. =) %F Ru

TyQHTlyHTHO† router 1 ^5 _ Ty{HTlyHOHO † Router 3
router 2 ^5 _ area 1 "< +$1$ router 4 L 6$ $ X @' 5 !L %F Ru
routing table 6) . ;! O 6$B $IF router O X @' 5 iG Ru
-
*-R2#show ip route ospf
area 2 area 1 area 0 L 6$ $ X @' 5 router 2 =L %F Ru

routing table . ;! router 4 6$B $IF Ru
*- R4#show ip route ospf
router 3 L 6$ $ X @' 5 ! area 2, O I@F L 6$ $ X @' 5 router 4 =L %F Ru
router ospf 1 , - @ / [ q $I! r router 3 6$B $IF =M) Ru

- ; / [ q $I! r router 1 6$B $I! r router ospf 2 e 8!
Ty{HTlyHOHP ; e 8! router ospf 2 < `q $I! r Ty{HTlyHOHP
*- R3(config-router)#no network 183.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
*- R3(config-router)#network 183.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
*-R1(config)#router ospf 1
uRR1(config-router)#no network 183.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
uRR1(config)#router ospf 2
uRR1(config-router)#network 183.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
k'< ^ s L K `?< packet tracer E ! =L Z ; }r K + a 7 4` =L 4 Ru

F K k`$ . + I * $V . ; =L 5 ) router 3 router 1 / #
L 2way # I'! . ;F< 7 "< state k`$ = % p t 9'
full state
H - routing table 6) . ;! router 3 L 6 I'!M $I! =M) Ru
*- R3#sh ip route
7B + K @4 %F FF 6 % 7B + ospf 6$ $ K @4 C 1$5 M ! %F Ru
C 183.168.2.0 Y 4 e($ I< j G router 0 L F B+ >L Ospf neighbor
=L %F * Y router 3 $ router 5 < `q F ( >L router 1 s C B) I@F
\$ k V ^_ F I $. G. AY F 45 router 0 G. 45 router 1
process-id s C B) I5 @ ^_ F 3G. 45 router 0 74%! e / Y =L 5 ( 4'!
Router-id
interface ,B ( $. =$ 5 5+ 4 KM "< J Router-id Ru
ip address 192.168.1.1 interface fast Ethernet 0/0 1$5 = >q<
router-id k V5 !?< +$1$ ip address ) $.
ip address 10.0.0.1 loop back interface j5 = >L Ru
router-id =$ <
W X`$ $IF ' 2! ospf - K + a X` F router-id + ! " R
ospf K + L 7B + " '
G# , - ip address X`$ $IF r router 1 loop back interface X`$ $IF Ru
router-id -' ! n < '!M
uRR1(config)#router ospf 2
*-R1(config-router)#router-id 10.0.0.1
ip address ) GB? process-id 7 $I process-id 2) = >L Ru

+$1$ interface , B 1$
TQOHTlyHTHO TQOHTlyHTHT loop back interface O + F5 = >L F4 R
TQOHTlyHTHT GB? ospf 2 $I r W ( !W TQOHTlyHTHO GB? ospf 1 $I
process-id "! r process-id 6 ) 3GB? < mI< loop back interface 1 j5 = >L
+$1$ interface i? , B ip address ) GB? $I
link state data Ž LSDB / F =$ ' F !? 9 Router-id =L Cisco 6$I Ru

router 7 e $5 !? 95 K ! * ( 3G. 7B + =$ 5 router-id 6) =?< D base
( # #!?< j - V-; ( @ 72 ! 7 ( F( D #' $ 4 7 process-id 7
j - K ! 7 # < =$ 5 '5 M , B
loop back interface # =$ 5 =L process-id 7 7895 !) Cisco Y 6$I R
router-id -' , - ip address 6) X`$ $I
\ @ X @' 5 protocol down 72 7 ; < ] 5 M loop back interface6) x j > R
j 7V' ! ?' ip address 6) G. ping 4 $I5 =L BW
Verifying OSPF Operation
ospf 6$ $ - show )7 -' F /0% G. "< Ru
*- show ip protocols
t 45 ! # @ K $4 -' KM$ $ 7 t 45 W G. Ru
G# V' K ; -' metric 6)
*- R0 # show ip protocols
n9! -' "' C BW K ; t 45 ospf route t 45 show ip route ospf W Ru

k C BW K ; 6 V M =? ?' I5 _ ) ! # L 6$ $ … _ 6$ $
*- R1#show ip route ospf
6$ $ "< -' "' interfaces 6) 7 t 45 W G. show ip ospf interface W Ru

I@F 7 - process-id 6) t 45 hello , - }($ + t 45 ! Ospf
C B) I@F ! C interarea F4 IA C ! ospf F45 O \ =?< C !
6) , B $#< O ( ) administrative distance ospf B TTP [110/2] 6) F )
cost
*- R0#show ip ospf interface
interface C # \ 4' iG = % t 45 show ip ospf neighbor W Ru
\ 4'
*- R0#show ip ospf neighbor
V9 2 ) K ! #|5 \$ show ip ospf neighbor detail W G. L e 8! =L 5 Ru

= % K!
*- R0#show ip ospf neighbor detail
OSPF Network Types

j > F 4 K + L K ; 3G. f$! 7 K ; "< KM V M f $!) r r 1$5 Ru
#F e '- "' K + a ". f $!W 3G. 7 x \ 4'F f $!W 3G. f$! 7 \ |
H >
J ". f $!W 3G. R
mI< Fr < =$ 5 iG 6 V M f$! $. J point-to-point RT
Router's *0#1) 2 + < =$ 5 Ethernet B ; f$! 72 $. J Broadcast RO
2 + < =$ 5 iG K ; f$! $. J nonbroadcast multiaccess (NBMA) R{
ATM , frame relay,X.25 Y 72 broadcast B XF 5 6 V M f$! =$ 5 K
Point – To – point
L f ' M ^5 _ •4 #84 Router *0#1) \ 4' '5 K ; f$F G. "< Ru

L 1 1$ M f$F G. < ospf 6$ $ F [Y =$ ! F G. 4 _ ip address OOgHPHPHS
) PPP L #F 6 V M f$! =$ 5 s # L 1 < O $. + 4 x j > DR , BDR 'B
High level Data link control (HDLC)
Multiaccess Broadcast Network
Router • #1 $I5 j G Router's *0#1) + v F. =$ 5 K ; f$F G. "< Ru

synchronization 4 I DR Router • #1 $I5 r BDR 6) 'B DR =$ 5 =L '-
(LSDB) Router 7 7B + *+$1$ K ! $( L
*0#1) 7 L LSDB K ! $( LSA 7b 6 q I DR Router • #1 $I5 Ru
6 )] =$ 5 " BDR Router • #1 6) •W K 25 ' 7 6 L '5 ; router's
BDR • #1 ! 7 5 DR • #1 "< ; }r >L Z j > 6 ?
J ". DR , BDR 7 # $I5 "' # Ru

I @ DR • #1 $I5 r mI< DR,BDR 7 L LSA 6 q router • #1 7 $I5 RT
H •4 #84 L I @ I ' router's 6) *0#1) 7 *+$1$ LSDB 6) 7
] XF 5 ' router's 6) *0#1) X 1 *+$1$ LSA 6) I @ DR 6) • #1 ?'5RO

routing 6) "< ;
6) # \ 4 iG = % 7 K < +$1$ =$ 5 6 1 $#< LSA .) 4 G'! " Ru

Cost 7 Z! % =$ 5 Router
ip address " 'F5 I@F C L router 7 1 $ = < =$ 5 6 1 $. LSDB 6 1 ! r Ru
6 % 3G. routing table =$ '5 r Router-id ,-
Selecting the DR and BDR
9 ] '! F!) ^ /0% 4! F BDR DR • #1 'B 9 : Y ' F. Ru

(ABR) k V5 Area 0 "< +$1$ Router • #1 =) Fr DR , BDR 'B
"< *+$1$ Router *0#1) L ] ' $ 6$x =$ 5 $. Area border router
DR,BDR 'B '5 e $. 6 „ Area 0
T #' ( ` '< ( X85 !?< Router • #1 ospf 6$ $ K + ) X` F Ru

( " Z • #% < DR,BDR 'B '5 # ) 'BM '5 @I! 6 ) 3G. Priority 1
!) 3 'B '5 (priority) ( " Z "! r • #%
DR !) 3 'B '5 (priority )
BDR
(Z • #1 " w ) DR 'B ' < priority ( "< Router *0#1) K >L Ru
BDR ! Router-id ( " "! r Z 'B '5 Router-id
'5 DR,BDR 3 'B '5 M !?< UPN 9 C ( =$ iG Router • #1 Ru

priority
DRother '
DR , BDR = 4` '5 M !?< priority "< ) ( Router • #1 X` >L Ru
iG • #% G. 'B $I5 r BDR ! 7 5 r DR • #1 7V< '5 ' 0 G. L -'! '5 M
BDR ! 4`
• #1 5 0' $I5 F 4 * 7 !?< DR • #1 'B '5 F ˆ DR = BDR • #1 7 5 e Ru

BDR 6) • #1 =?< 4 }( 6 B 3G. 6 L '5 >q< LSA , - p5 ' BDR
LSDB LSA p5 "< 7 ; ] M " ! GB? $I < DR • #1 "< ; r ! t '95
; 7B + *+$1$ C BW *0#1• . 5 G '5 "' ; 7B +
$. F ] '! ! iG ; f$! $. 4 #F ] '! "' W @IF Ru

Router *0#1) 7 x M G# #' Multiaccess Broadcast Network
multicast ip addresses f$! $. \ 4! ip address 224.0.0.5 -'
7b 72 #F Fr "' 7b 7 6 L 6 I' "< ip address 6) G. -'
'5 M + I f$F $. K ; f$! 1$5 !) j > 4 \ 4F Hello , LSA, LSU, LSDBack
7b 3G. 6+ "< &$ W G. -'
} X`$5 W G. Router • #1 priority 6) ( [' , - W =M) \ 4'F Ru

j > " ( L T ` '<M ' ( [! =L 5 ! iG interface
Router's X m router A • #1 ( A,B,C) router's *0#1) { v F = >L 6 2 Ru
interface fast Ethernet 0/1 interface fast Ethernet 0/0 (B) ^5 _ (B,C)
Router C • #1 X
B A C
7B ! r Router C 6$B $IF J DR $. Router C • #1 =$ 5 =L 5 ! Ru
priority ( [5 iG W ' $I! r Interface fast Ethernet 0/1
state DR $. k V5 " Interface fast Ethernet 0/1
Router(config)#interface FastEthernet 0/1

Router(config-if)#ip ospf priority 10
] iG [' 4 t 4' F W G. X` =L 4 Ru
priority 10 State DR Z! % %F Ru
# L 4 ! "' % 'F 3G.
NBMA Network
nonbroadcast multiaccess
multicast B 5MK ; f$F G. Ru

6 V M f$! '45 K ; f$F G. =L 4! =L Z%5 f$F G. ] '! F Ru
Frame relay , ATM, x.25
Point–to–multipoint point –to–point 6 V M f$F G. "< K + a $! 1$5 Ru

ATM ) frame relay "< / $
partial mesh fully mesh #F < e '- topology 6) f $!) =L \ 4! =) Z%5 Ru
star topology
J 9 '- K + L 1$5 3 > f$! 7 Ru
&' /0% G. p5 7# 5 " topology 6) f $!) 'F R
f$F G. •4 #84 X $ Router's *0#1) 7 < =$ 5 J full-mesh topology RT
=$ 5 =L Z%5 f$F G. "< 2 s + ' Š$@- 1? 9 =L p 9 ' s KM V M
H ; 7B + Router's *0#1) 7 $ DR ,BDR
•4 #84 X $ *0#1W 7 } =L p m '- G. < J partial-mesh topology RO

7I F. •4 #84 X $ *0#1W "( mI< Router • #% 7 $ /01 =$ 5 p
f$! 9 '
Router's 6) *0#1) 7 # 7V'5 center point v F. =$ 5 f$F G. < J star topology R{

hub-and-spoke DR,BDR v F. =$ 5 M
$ e;' 5 =L 5 M OSPF 6$ $ =L F ] 'F iG /0% G. "< b ; Ru

e($ G. X 7 4' 9 4'! \$ multicast -' ( Z ! 1
OSPF over Frame Relay Configuration Options

K+ a $! 1$5 ! G'! =L Z%5 OSPF over frame relay K + ) ] '! F Ru
ip address ' Z%5 ! ; DR,BDR L 1 1$5 M F. Point – to – point
OSPF K + L 7B + % Router • #1 = $F
star topology 'F GNS3 E ! j > F ] '! f$! 7 %' $IF Ru
K ; |4 "< b X`$ !W }($ Z s
"< # -' F "' pvc <$ . cloud # $' } ( r Router 5• #1 X`$ } ( I Ru

frame relay -' F ! . # `$! =L 5 ! "' , $- <$ #!) ‡ m
H ! 1 e;' 5 =L OSPF 6$ $ X @' 5 M
R0 interface serial 0/0 - K + a X`$ =M) $IF Ru
*-R0(config)# interface serial 0/0

uRR0(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
uRR0(config-if)#no shutdown
uRR0(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
*-R0(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.2 101
R1 interface serial 0/0 - K+ a X`$ =M) $IF Ru
*-R1(config)# interface serial 0/0

uRR1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
uRR1(config-if)#no shutdown
uRR1(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
*-R1(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.1 202
=$ R0 • #1 Router's FrM loop back interface 5$ ' $IF r Ru
172.30.1.1 =$ R1 r TyOHTlyHTHT
] > C ! OSPF K + L X`$ $I! r Router 0 6$B =M) $IF R
- K+ a X8! Router 1 6$B $IF =M) Ru
H 5 1 AY '! 1 5+ K + a 7 =M) L Ru
Neighbor 6 1 "< #84 \ 4' Router 1 ) Router 0 =) %! Ru
. Router 0 \ 4' $IF F!L 7 broadcast B -' X @' ! M F!L Z Ru
! 1 . Router 1 L \ 4' $IF ! 1
" ' W ^5 _ ! 1 . 6$I! Router 0 6$B $IF Ru
*-R0(config-router)# neighbor 192.168.1.2
" ' W ^5 _ ! 1 . 6$I! Router 1 6$B $IF r Ru
4 F ( F!L Z j > 5• #% ( 4 } ! %F ^ W < `) 4 Ru

^5 _ 5• #% ospf \ 4' j G multicast M unicast
Point-to-point 6 V M f$! -' Frame-relay 6 V M |!
'B Lc' 5M ! F Fr I point-to-point . #F F $! 1$5 !?< \ 4! Ru
BDR ) DR
* $V "< k`$ 6 % "< *+$1$ . C B) f $!) g 1$5 Ru
RFC „ #'!$ $! #F5$ ' Cisco Y ( f $!) r r R
) 7 , $B W f$! + I * $V Ru
+ ! =L 5 = % 17 - priority + =L 5 j! $. F ] 'F ) 1$5 Ru
# - Cost
uRR0(config-router)# neighbor 192.168.1.2 priority 0
uRR0(config-router)# neighbor 192.168.1.2 cost 1
DR 6) $. R0 = BDR k V5 router 6) G. =L 6$I! j G < priority = 0 6) =L + ! F Ru

BDR L c ' M point-to-point ; 3G. x j > BDR 'B XF ! j G
DROTHER
OSPF over Frame Relay Point-to-Multipoint Configuration
Point-to-multipoint - K+ a X` 9 ] 'F I G. "< Ru

H Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast
K + a 3G. -' 9 partial mesh topology star topology ] '5 I G. Ru
K ; 3G. X
' M "< . 'B K X`$ 1 1$5 M G BDR ) DR 6) L 'B F. 1$5 M Ru
! sub interface 7 4 $I5 PVC + c ' 5 M ! f$F G. K 0 Ru
7 - subnet [ =L c ' M Point-to-multipoint f$F G. "< G 7I' interface
sub interface s0/0/0.1 = ip address 192.168.1.1 6 2 7 interface
Point-to-point "< G . Sub interface s0/0/0.2 = ip address 192.168.1.2
interface 7 - subnet [! =L Z%5
point-to-multipoint -' ! F ! /0% G. "< OSPF 6$ $ ‘-5 iG /0% Ru

LSU LSA ^5 _ static 5 5 I5 @ j! 1 \ 4 L c ' M j! $. OSPF 6$ $ X
hello message ^5 _ Automatic I5 @ Neighbor = % \ ;' '5
partial mesh "< =$ B . virtual link 5 AY < -' ! =L 5 f$F G. =) Ru

L ] '5 =L router 6 ) X @' " $' $ Routers *0#1) { j5 = >L _ .
, B w + "< I5 @ 3G. : ;F Y 7 $ !? Router B)
*0#1W 7b 6+ "< multicast -' 5 f$F G. =L Ru

' "< } % G. '45 ! r {P $. hello 6 I' , - } ($' Ru
! r TOP 6 B hello
! r OP 6 B hello ' M }($ + =$ 5 point-to-point "<Ru
"< F!?< Cisco

; , B $. Point-To-Multipoint non-broadcast L F ) R
Static 5 5 I5 @ Neighbor = % e5 4 L 1
E ! ^5 _ j > Point-To-Multipoint " 6 2 $IF =M) R
m mB -' ! " Cloud Router's 5• #1 + X`$ $IF Packet Tracer 5
6 2 "< # -' F "' K + a 7 6 1 X`$ $(? Frame relay
Router interface Ip address Pvc

R0 Serial 0/0/0 TQOHTlyHTHT Tl
R0 Loop back 1 TzOH{THPHT
R1 Serial 0/0/0 TQOHTlyHTHO Tz
R1 Loop back 1 TzOHOyHPHT
K+ a X` "< h ' ! R0 6$B =M) $IF Ru
*-R0(config)#interface serial 0/0/0 multipoint

*-R0(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
*-R0(config-if)#no shutdown
*-R0(config-if)#clock rate 9600
*-R0(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
*-R0(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.2 16 broadcast
*-R0(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-multipoint
Router *0#1) 6 V M f$! + ! " multipoint ) < `L @ 6 ) "< Ru

Packets # L Z.G "' "( ' @I! + ! " pvc 6) map ip ) < `q F ( ! r
interface 6) G. Ospf 6$ $ 7 I5 _ + 5 $. ) B) < `q F ( ! r Ru
Point-To-Multipoint =$ '
Z! % \ 8 broadcast ) $. * 1 I5 @ OSPF 7b 7 ^I 5 iG i W Ru
E#! X '5 W G# !W j > neighbor = % \ 4' ' j G map ip @
K + a X`$ =M) $IF D 7b X 1 6+ Router's *0#1) X @' j G multicast
Router 0 loop back interface 1 -
*-R0(config)#interface loopback 1
*-R0(config)#no shutdown
R0 OSPF 6$ $ K+ ) X`$ =M) $IF Ru
Router 1 - K+ a X`$ $IF =M) Ru
*-R1(config)#interface serial 0/0/0 multipoint

*-R1(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
*-R1(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.1 17 broadcast
*-R1(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-multipoint
*-R0(config)#no shutdown
( |'!) #‚ AY = % 6 1 "< % =) "< 7%4' M K + a 7 X`$ $I =) 4 Ru
} ( 4 =) %' show ip ospf neighbor W ' ( r }($ 4 GB? ( 4 3G. x
state Full # -
'5 M ' serial 0/0/0 7B + priority ) < `L 6$B R1 6$B =M) $IF Ru
BDR !) 3 'B
*-R1(config-if)#ip ospf priority 0
DRother L BDR ' [ } R1 priority ( [' F ( =) 4 Ru

R0 routing 6) , - 6 % C ! =L $. [ /01 F I Ru
Point-To-Multipoint Nonbroadcast - K + a $. "I ' /0% L 7I'F! =M)Ru

J . 5 ) "< ^ f$F f$F G. K + ) e '-
Static 5 5 I5 @ Neighbor = % e5 4 '5 =) Z%5RT
'-! =L 4 Cisco X8! F!L F. \ 'BM Cisco Y *0#1) X mI< -' 5 f$F G.RO
7B + [' $I! r Cisco 'B $I! BW ,- 5M X8! Map ip
non-broadcast L Ospf
uRR0(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.2 16 Cisco

*-R0(config-if)#ip ospf network non-broadcast
Using Subinterfaces in OSPF over Frame Relay
Configuration
Point-To-Point 7 X # -' sub interface p5 ) F I G. "< Ru

Logical I@F () * L serial interface I! =) 5 D Point-To-Multipoint
H Router 2) m ! =) X @' ! I 4 interface serial =?< G#
f$F G. X distanceRvector split horizon "< *+$1$ }! "' 7 ; •4 7 Ru
sub interface X # -' ! =L 5 "' K 'BM k`$ ' * $V
( =$ 5 4 ) L 1 sub interface ,B ( '-! =L Z%5 ! Cisco k`$ Ru

sub interface 6)
[ L c ' =L = ip address 'B j k 5 ! Multipoint ‘b VB k`$ Ru
sub interface 6) - subnet 6)
ip address '-! =L Z%5 sub interface 7 !) Point-To-Point ‘b VB k`$ Ru
9 '- subnet
Point-To-Point ) Multipoint = / $ K 'BM 3G. X =) Cisco Y k`$ Ru
Non-broadcast $. "` '<M X`$ =?<
BDR ) DR L 'B 1$5 M Point-To-Point f$! X 7 4 F !) 6$I Ru
5 5 I5 @ Neighbor = % \ 4 L c ' M Point-To-Point f$! "< =) k`$ 85) Ru
5 5 I5 @ = % e5 4 Z%5 Point-To-Multipoint f$F "<
Point-To-Point sub interface B + I * $V
9 '- Sub Interface R subnet 7 =) * $V "< C ! Ru

* $V `$ K! n9F ^ 62 " ^ @' =M) $IF Ru
Router interface Ip address PVC Area

RA S0/0.1 TQOHTlyHTHT TPT P
RA S0/0.2 TQOHTlyHOHT TPO P
RA Loop 1 TzOHOQHTHT P
RB S0/0.1 TQOHTlyHTHO OPO P
RB Loop 1 TzOH{PHTHT P
RC S0/0.1 TQOHTlyHOHO OP{ P
RC Loop 1 TzOH{THTHT P
|4 ^ @ X @' ! E ! G. =) packet tracer S E ! " 4 ^ @' $IF Ru

2 W
H K+ a X`$ $I! r Router A 6$B $IF M ) Ru
*-RA(config)#interface serial 0/0/0

*-RA(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
*-RA(config-if)#no shutdown
serial interface 0/0/0 7 [;' $I5 ^ W Ru
Frame-relay |F F 1 - 7b e [ 7 ' !) interface 6) B? $I5 r Ru
sub interface's =$ =L X @' W G. = Ru
*-RA(config)#interface serial 0/0/0.1 point-to-point

*-RA(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
*-RA(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 101
*-RA(config-subif)#ip ospf network point-to-point
J I W $ % Ru
L =$ 5 =) Z%5 =) F45 G. Point-To-Point |F 7 45 sub interface 6) G. =L + 5 ) 6 ) R
B subnet Ž sub interface 7
serial interface 6) , - ip address 6) F4` ! r R
^ W 7 Y e 'B) F. 3 ! * 6 ) W G. DLCI 6) ( + 5 p 2 W R
(frame-relay interface dlci 101N mI< Sub Interface 6) , B !W
point-to-point |F 7 45 OSPF 6$ $ =) + 5 BW W R
*-RA(config)#interface serial 0/0/0.2 point-to-point
serial sub interface 0/0/0.2 B . I W $ % Ru
*-RA(config)#interface loopback 1
*-RA(config-if)#ip address 172.29.1.1 255.255.255.0
Router A loop back interface K + ) ,B^ W Ru
*-RA(config)#router ospf 1
*-RA(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
OSPF 6$ $ - K + a ". I W Ru
- K + a X`$ $I! Router B 6$B $I! =M) Ru
*-RB(config)#interface serial 0/0/0

*-RB(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
*-RB(config-if)#no shutdown
*-RB(config)#interface serial 0/0/0.1 point-to-point

*-RB(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
*-RB(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 202
*-RB(config-subif)#ip ospf network point-to-point
*-RB(config)#interface loopback 1
*-RB(config-if)#ip address 172.30.1.1 255.255.255.0
*-RB(config)#router ospf 1
*-RB(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
- K+ a X8! Router C 6$B $I! =M) Ru
*-RC(config)#interface serial 0/0/0

*-RC(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
*-RC(config-if)#no shutdown
*-RC(config-if)#interface serial 0/0/0.1 point-to-point

*-RC(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
*-RC(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 203
*-RC(config-subif)#ip ospf network point-to-point
*-RC(config)#interface loopback 1
*-RC(config-if)#ip address 172.31.1.1 255.255.255.0
*-RC(config)#router ospf 1
*-RC(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
=L %' } ( #F ( 4 =) %' *0#1) r 2 # K + a X` / #'!M 4 Ru

# L '( "< c ' 5 M f$F G. x DR ) BDR % State Full ( 4 # < "'
Router B L ] '5 =) Router C f @' ) e ] > k`$ "' W ' $IF =M) Ru
? ? ) F R
-show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor table = % 6 1 "< Router A C$ C 5 M Router C =) %! Ru

" ' W ' $IF BDR ) DR 1$5 M !) 2 ) k`$! " Ru
-show ip ospf neighbor detail
PHPHPHP 9 ) # ! % BDR DR 6) =) %F R
$. Router B Router C \ 4 e k`$5 iG "! 2 W Ru
-show ip route ospf
j > TzOH{PHTHP TzOHOQHTHP ( ; L 6$ $ X @' 5 Router C =) %F Ru

Router C L Z5 I % $. 192.168.1.1 ( Z Router A ^5 _
Point-To-Multipoint L + I w "< 7I'FF /0% G. / #'!M G . Ru
Multipoint Sub interface
Multipoint interface \ 4'F I G. "< Ru
Static 5 5 I5 @ Neighbor = % e5 4 Z%5 ! $. Point-To-Multipoint , $B Ru
Non-broadcast |! Z j >
BDR DR 6) 'B '5 !) Ru
=) %! (A,B,C) Router's *0#1) { 7 Router A =) %F I * $V < Ru

Router C =) %! s0/0/0.2 $. sub interface 5+$1$ Router C , D
Multipoint 6) , $B G. subnet 6) n9! "< Router D
Point-To-Point $. $! s0/0/0.1 =) %! R
* $V 3G. " 4 6 2 ^ @' =>? $IF Ru
6 2 G. ^ @ "< GNS3 E ! -' F Ru
Router interface Ip address PVC Area

RA S0/0/0.1 TQOHTlyHTHT Tl P
RA S0/0/0.2 TQOHTlyHOHT Ty Tz P
RA Loop 1 TzOHOy.1.1 P
RB S0/0/0 TQOHTlyHTHO {P P
RB Loop 1 .1.139TzO. P
RC S0/0/0 TQOHTlyHO.O gP P
RC Loop 1 TzOH{P.1.1 P
RD S0/0/0 TQOHTlyHOH{ SP P
RD Loop 1 TzOH{THTHT P
Router B , C , D *0#1) Sub interface -' ! 62 G. "< Ru
Router A K + a X`$ ? h ' F Ru
*-RA(config)#interface serial 0/0

*-RA(config-if)#no shutdown
*-RA(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
encapsulation e [' f$! X`$ F ( r serial interface 6) 7 [;' F ( I K + a "< Ru

frame-relay $!
*-RA(config)#interface serial 0/0.1 point-to-point

X`$ F ( r ip address X`$ F ( sub interface 0.1 6) 5$ ' F ( ^ /0% "< Ru

Neighbor = % e5 4 c ' ! F( Point-To-Point 6 V M f$! ! 'B DLCI
p-To-p 6 V M f$F G#
*-RA(config)#interface serial 0/0.2 multipoint

*-RA(config-subif)#ip ospf network point-to-multipoint
r , B ip address X`$ F ( r sub interface 0.2 5$ ' F ( I K + a "< Ru

$. 6 V M f$! B? F ( r RD RC 7 - DLCI 6) ( ) X`$ F (
P-To-Multipoint
*-RA(config)#router ospf 1
*-RA(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.2.2
*-RA(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.2.3
ip address X`$ F ( r OSPF 6$ $ - K + a X`$ F ( I K + a "< Ru

P-To-Multipoint 6 V M f$! x j > RC RD 7 Neighbor = % -
*-RA(config)#interface loopback 1
*-RA(config-if)#ip address 172.28.1.1 255.255.255.0
loop back interface 5$ ' F ( I K+ a "< Ru
=$ ! =L = Router • #1 7 - K+ a X`$ $IF + I K + a "< Ru

Sub interface
Router B • #1 - K+ a Ru
*-RB(config)#interface serial 0/0

*-RB(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
*-RB(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.1 30 broadcast
*-RB(config-if)#ip ospf priority 0
*-RB(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-point
*-RB(config-if)#no shutdown
*-RB(config)#interface loopback 1
*-RB(config)#router ospf 1
Router C • #1 - K+ a Ru
*-RC(config)#interface serial 0/0

*-RC(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
*-RC(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.2.1 40 broadcast
*-RC(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-multipoint
*-RC(config-if)#ip ospf priority 0
*-RC(config-if)#no shutdown
*-RC(config)#interface loopback 1
*-RC(config)#router ospf 1
Router D • #1 - K+ a Ru
*-RD(config)#interface serial 0/0

*-RD(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.3 255.255.255.0
*-RD(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
*-RD(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.2.1 50 broadcast
*-RD(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-multipoint
*-RD(config-if)#ip ospf priority 0
*-RD(config-if)#no shutdown
*-RD(config)#interface loopback 1
*-RD(config-if)#ip address 172.31.1.1 255.255.255.0
*-RD(config)#router ospf 1
*-RD(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
*-RD(config-router)#network 172.31.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
W •4 4 t 4' ! =M) } ' ( #F ( 4 =L %F K + a 7 X` 4 Ru
show ip ospf neighbor W h ' ! Ru
State full =) : %F C BW *0#1W F ( 4 } RA =) * $V "< %! Ru

DR , BDR 1$5 M !
show ip route "! 2 W Ru
K Y r 2 L & .G … @ 7 5 1$5 RA =) %! Ru
show ip ospf database p 2 W Ru
Router • #1 7 Router-id 5 K Y r 2 \ 45 RA =) %! Ru
show ip ospf interface $. X W Ru
Router-id ( -' 5 iG 6 V M f$! serial sub interface 7 %! Ru
K Y L 7V5 =L X @' 5 > C ! " RD • #1 L =M) 7I'F! Ru
show ip ospf neighbor ) 6 ? h ' F Ru
show ip route ) "! r Ru
TzOH{PHPHP TzOH{THPHP 172.28.0.0 ' K Y r 2 L Z.G5 =) X @' 5 RD =) %! Ru

RA ^5 _
show ip ospf database $. p 2 W Ru
RA =L L X1 j > *0#1W "( j G RA *+$1$ Database n9! 5 RD =) %! Ru

Data base 6) *0#1W 7 + G5 iG $.
7 C =L X @' K Y r 2 =) : %F # ; 3G. =) $. /01 B) L 7V! F. L Ru

* 1 I5 @ #b 01)
F !) $. ospf 6$ $ K+ ) B) /01 L 7I'F! =) 7 ( 9 `) =) Z%5 iG BW /0% Ru

e 8! =L Z%5 #F m • #1 1$5 2 *0#1) r r point-to-point 6 V f$! j5 =$
62 7 B) L • #1 & .G I5 _ 1$5 Ip route
V' ; Router b C 5 =) X @' 5 router c • #1 router b , c 7V' Router a
L Z.G5 =) X @' 5 e 4'5 " routing @ L 1 "< F< L Z.G5 e C 5 M
^5 _ C
ip address 6) $. TQOHTlyH{HT =) p (Frame-relay map ip 192.168.3.1 19 broadcast)
mI< 7V' router c =L Z j > Router A , B $. DLCI router b , -
TQ ( dlci
m 7# w =$ 5 =L F ) ospf 6$ $ "< /01 Z4 ) $. /0% G. F #'! F. L Ru

debug Output for Point-to-Point Mode
debug */ ( 9 \ 4'F w G. "< Ru
debug ip ospf adj ) ^5 _ R
router-id X`$ $I5 r area P I@F LSA / F $I5 Router A =) C ! =L X @' ! Ru

Database description 192.168.1.2 K ! * ( ' 5 r
database 6+ ' $ $I5 2 way "< } ) ( 4 =L C ! r Ru

DR ,BDR # < 1$5 M p-To-P =) p slave , master 3 + \ • #1 7 =) C ! R
(state) C B) L # I'! 7b 7 6+ C =L X @' W G. 6 B R
serial interface 6 B neighbor ! 1 \ 4'5 e C ! R

Link-State Advertisements
. 9 X8! . w G. .) ? F. # 4'! "' / Y• % $#9 .) 1$5 M Ru
e 6$ $ # -' 5 "' K ! * ( / F '5 e < 4 . w G# W * %
H # ' $I! e K ! * ( "< *+$1$ ; X ''!
link state database (LSDB) . #F ] 'F 5G b $#9 Ru

link state advertisement (LSA)
OSPF router types virtual link ". 4'F w G. < Ru

area border router (ABR) Back bone router $.
autonomous system boundary router (ASBR)
H -' metric 6) "< [! =) X @' ! e OSPF LSDB overload protection
OSPF Router Types
50 X * [V K ; "< $# 7 OSPF 6$ $ -' ! =) X @' ! KM Z s) "< Ru

J r• 3G. Z '5 7 4' % k V5 K ; 5 0 Router's *0#1) +
"' K 78<) & j > Router • #% , - CPU # '5 "' K 4 * 2 RT

C B) L Y & .G # -' 5
` ?< -' routing summarization -' Z Routing table % RO

H 1 6 % % k V < * 2 router • #1 7 e B =$ "' K ; + =?< (default)
*0#1) K ; 7 N Network topology < 1$5 6 % G. =) Z LSDB table % R{

H K ! * ( % k V < ; "< *+$% URouter's
area I@F 7 k V p D ^_ F AREA'S L K ; 3G. I Z%5 7 ; 3G. Z Ru

H C BW ^_ F X K $ 4 6+ ' $I I@F 7 # I5 @ #4 7 4' * +‰ (
OSPF Hierarchical Routing
hierarchical " # "%5 ' |F $. Ru
K! * ( 72 *0#1W K ! 6+ ' 5 area's ^_ F L ; 7V9 $I F Ru

C B) ^_ F • 1 - 7 ; 7I ; "< *+$1$ K 25 '
5 C B) I@F ) p5 ' = >L (internal) 5 I@F n9! p5 ' = >)
H B ^_ F ) (interarea)
J "%5 ' |F G. 7 45 e Ru
=?< 2 T I@F "< up and down ; # < ] 5 LINK "< ; v F. =$ 5 =) ] 5 F RT
# 75 ^5 _ %5 " C B) * K K+ W I $ $I5 M O I@F "< *+$1$ *0#1W
H K 25 ' 7 5 [' G# F4 • #% mI< C B) I@F "< #F 04 #!W
M 5+ 4 K mI< #84 X I@F n9! "< *+$1$ *0#1W # $I * 2 K 1$5 M RO
H ^_ F "< *+$1$ K [' & 7 '
>L 2 ) % 7I5 summarization -' ) X $ I@F 7B + Routing table % 7I R{
n9! 7B + < 4 =$ . ;F $I! M O I@F L 2 T I@F 7B + F 4 Y ;! !+ )
# % =$ 5 j G . ;F $I! # summarization 7 4 $I! . ;F! =) !+ ) >L ) D I@F
H [
area I@F n9! 7B + 7| #!L p LSU 7b % 7I5Rg
Types of OSPF Routers
H # $I "' # Z #' VI5 *0#1W f $!? F45 M = $F4 Ru

=$ ; n9! 7B + # - interface's 7 =$ "' *0#1W . J internal router RT
H I@F n9! #!W j > •4 #84 X I @ LSDB
X 7 4 area P I@F 7V' interface # =$ 5 "' *0#1W . J Back bone routerRO
H I@F n9! *0#1) #!? ospf 6$ $
I@F 2 ? 7V' interface 2 ) # =$ 5 "' router's *0#1) ". J ABR routerR{
C B) I@F L ] ' 5 F I@F 3G# 5 #F @I! $. • #% G. =$ 5 I@F 7 =) p
L summarization 7 4 $I D C B) L I@F K ! 7I! $x *0#1W ". =$
back bone router L # IF $I C B) K Y #5$' 5 # - routing table
ABR's "( L # IF back bone router $I5 r
6$ $ =$ 5 interface 7() n # =$ 5 iG • #% $. J ASRB router Rg
BW 6$ $ OSPF Y KM$ $ 6+ '5 B ospf 6$ $ X B)
Hn 4
7 =$ 5 =) < f$! 2 ) $ router • #% =$ 5 =) 5 Ru
ABR,ASBR =$ < ospf s B) 6$ $ C B) I@F 7 Back bone router
V9F #'F5 # I@F 7 I@F 2? 7 $ router • #1 =$ 5 =) Ru
H C BW
OSPF Virtual Links
Router *0#1) { + j5 = >L w G. = $F $. G. J .$ K $ Ru

area 0 $ $!$ 5 =L Z%5 M M ) F 4 I5 @ 4 $ *0#1W 3G. R3 R2 R1
"( e '- ip loop back interface T + 7(W router 7 =$ 5 =) Z%5 ! r
virtual ) s -' ! =) X @' ! 3G. "< another area 9 '- I@F "< =$ 5 *0#1W
#84 C =) loop back interface 6) 3G. X @' " link
•4 #84 ’ =) Z%5 I@F 3G# $ *0#1W =) $. area 0 F -' "< Z R
"< *+$1$ *0#1W 7 $. G. j > s *0#1W 3G# 5 #F @I! '4 #!W # $ K ;
(area 0) P I@F
area 2 "< router • #1 1$5 !) t '9! Z 7 $' "< ^@F G. F -' "< Z R
B) router • #1 v F. area0 < area 1 and area 0 7V' B) router 7 $ r
area 2 "< router • #% 7V' j > 4 r area 1 and area 2 . 'I@F 7 $
9 '- ^_ F "< *+$1$ K! =L # + virtual link 6 3G. =) Cisco Y 6$I Ru
@I! $ 2 )} 5 iG ^9F 72 W G. # < -' "' router *0#1) L #84
$#9 $. G. . 5 "' 5 #F @I! L 7V5 " 01 ) $ 2 )} 5 r 5
`$ =) Cisco Y 5 iG
gns3 E ! virtual link 7 ^ @' ? $IF Ru
Router interface Ip address Area

R1 S0/0 TQOHTlyHTHO T
R1 Loop 1 TzOHOyHTHT O
R3 S0/0 TQOHTlyHTHT T
R3 S0/1 TQOHTlyHOHT T
R2 S0/0 TQOHTlyHOHO T
R2 Loop 1 TzOHOQHTHT O
Router 1 - K+ a X`$ $IF M ) Ru

*-R1(config)#interface s0/0
*-R1(config-router)#area 1 virtual-link 172.29.1.1
loop back 1 interface s0/0 7 - K + a X`$ F ( I K + a "< Ru

5% W G. 7( # F< 4 # ospf 6$ $ - K+ a X`$ F ( r
TzOHOQHTHT ( router-id Z • #% X . 7 4 $I !? • #% 6$I5 W G.

ospf 6$ $ K + ) 7B + router-id X` Z%5 Z j G area T I@F 6 B j >
'5 #! |'F5 r ^9F \ _ 6 ) 5$ ' R1 $I W G#
R3 - K+ a X` ! 2 *$@- Ru
=) Z%5 !) Z virtual link 5$ ' I! F!L router 3 K + ) X` F d ! Ru

' ; \ 4 ! %F / #'!M F j G Router i0#1 + ' K! B
TzOHOQHTHT TzOHOyHTHT
Router 2 - K+ a X`$ $IF =M) Ru
=) 4! =) Z%5 ^9F "< _ 5$ F #'! =$ ! Router 2 • #1 * BW K + a X`$ Ru

L ;5 iG $. !W 5• #% virtual-link 6) 5$ "< w W % $. Router-id 6L X`
Router 3 - database 7B + L ;5 !W j > ^9F 5$ "< BW \ @
show ip route )6 B j > *0#1W % 'F * . ; $IF =M) Ru
F4 . IA TzOHOQHTHT TzOHOyHTHT - route 6) Z! % %! Ru

area 1 s C B) ^_ F C ospf inter area
show ip ospf virtual-link $. virtual-link ,B ) 1$5 ! r Ru
area 1 # B "' I@F r ( 4 4 '' iG router-id 5 !) F. %! Ru

state/full ( 4 # < "' p-to-p 6 V M f$! # B c -5 "' interface 6)
packet interval time 7b K+
K+ a m . virtual-link K + ) "#'F! F. Ru
) router-id 6) ['5 M virtual-link ) =) 6$() =) Z%5 B) w + L 7I'F! =) 7 (
virtual-link ( =$ 5 " # B "' Router *0#1) + 2 # area num
=) Z% < 5• #1 V-link =$ ! =) 5 ! n9F< router *0#1) S ^ 6 2 =) F` '< >q<
$#% .) 4!
( 4 4 =$ F iG BW Router , - router-id RT
# B 5 "' I@F Z < ( 4 =$ ' "' interface serial # 7V' I@F i) "<RO
H I@F ( ' $IF interface serial 6)
OSPF LSA Types
"< Y) LSA =) Cisco Y 6$I LSA - 9 '- f $!W /0% G. "< 'F Ru
C$' LSDB - K! * I B K % "#< LSDB - K % #b F
- f $!W 'F B I@F K! ) ; BK! K % 3G.
LSA
S ( LT ( f $!W : Y 'F Ru
5$ ' $I5 2 ) ) * area I@F 7V' Router • #1 7 J Router LSAs RT

7V•' ^_ •F ) I@F K! # 7V' link state # < G5 Link Advertisement
H *+ F 4 I@F L K $ 4 3G. ;F $I5 r #
, •- 7•I G•. "•< $ G =$ 5 D 20-byte LSA headers v F. =$ 5 9 '- LSA f $!) 7
Router-ID 6 W f$F
*0#1) 7 Link advertisement 5$ ' $I5 DR # 7 5 iG • #% J Network LSAsRO

• I@F "••< K • $ 4 3G••. ;••F $••I5 • r • F 4 • I@F "••< *+$••1$ =$•• "••' • V••' Router
DR , - ip address < $ G LSA 7% 6 W 7I =$ 5 *0#1W 3G. # 1 $'
f$••! 7•• • # m • ^_ • F , • - summery link advertisement 5$•• ' $••I ABRs Ru

e• $ • < $•I5 X• f$F D # - route 6) K ; L ^5 @ e $5 { ( f$F ,B
# - route 6) ASBRs *0#1) L ^5 @
*+$VI ; , - link-state ID 6) p 2 f$F , - 7I "< $ G =$ 5 R
ASBR , - Router-id X f$F , - 7I "< $ G =$ 5 R
backbone area I@F 7B + K $ 4 3G. ;F $F 5G. $I Ru
5$ ' ASBRs *0#1) $I J autonomous system external LSAs n - f$F RS

… @ e $ # < =$ 5 external link advertisement B Autonomous system
^_ F 7 L K $ 4 3G. ;F $I5 r C BW ^_ F "< *+$1$ C BW Router *0#1) L
STUB ^_ F
f $!W 3G. f$! 7 7 k`$ "' $V X`$ $(?
L C 4' M mI< * $ I@F n9! 7B + + '5 LSA 6 W f$F =) k`$ I * $V

9! K ! X`$ • #1 7 $I5 Router *0#1) 7b 3G. 6+ '5 C BW ^_ F
, - ip address - Router-id # < =$ 5 C BW *0#1W X # +
RRR
)K ; K ! X`$ router • #1 7 $I5 LSA "! 2 f$F =) k`$ ! 2 * $V

7 $I5 r subnet mask # X85 # 7V' C BW Router *0#1) ". # 7V' ;
M I@F n9! "< router's *0#1) "( L . ;F $. $I5 r DR L 7b 3G. 6 q router
C B) ^_ F L # 5
L 3G. 7 # L 6$ $ K ! I@F K $4 C$' 5 LSA p 2 f$F
AS K! route summarized 85) # B =$ mI< ABRs # + '5 ABR *0#1)
RRR
(Autonomous $ AS 7B + # + '5 ospf s C BW KM$ $ 4 * $V

ASB ABR *0#1) #+ '5 system )
ASBR *0#1) ^5 _ . ;! '5 e '- AS ? "' LSA - * $V
ASBR , - Router-id # B =$ 5 9 '- AS ( ) 7 7B + . ;! '5
RRR
• #1 7B + *+$1$ K ! * ( =$ 7b 3G. =) 4! =L Z%5 b < w G. 7 % '5 " Ru

point-to- ) point-to-point ". 7. $ ; e 3 "' . Router
# L 7V5 e 1 - C BW ^_ F ". # 1 $' $. "' I@F ". multipoint
H # < *+$1$ ; AY 7 4' " Router *0#1) 7b 3G. 6+ '5
W G. F t 4 Router • #1 7B + W G. ' $IF 7b 3G. % '! C ! "
• #% - Database
Router A # show ip ospf database
. ;! =L $1 Router • #1 7B + K ! * ( 7B + *+$1$ K ! 7 t 4 $I5 W G. Ru

# m K ; ". Router-id 72 #84 X @ ' K ! %F 7 V9' W G. % '!
W G. % '! "< * < K $ 4 %F # *+$1$ *0#1W ". I@F 7 K ! %F r
Route f$! k`$ "' K 4
Routing table 7B + Route 7 Z! % . . ;! "' \ k`$ I * $V

in the same area I@F n9! 7B + Route , B $. O \ R
AS n9! "< I@F c B Route $. IA \ R
AS 6) c B Route , B $. E2 E1 \ R
OSPF Route Summarization
7 I5 ! ". Summarization * b < Route Summarization 7 9 4'F w G. "< Ru
& ' Router • #1 $I5 F CPU * m[8 7 IF< j G Routing Table
H C B) I@F L & .G 5 5 F 5 iG
OSPF 6$ $ "< Default Route ) X` 9 85) 4'F Ru
mI< @ "< # B+a route 2 ) X % $. _ 7 summarization 6) $#9 Ru
LSAU K p5 - LSA 7b ;'! 7 I5 ! $. 3 b $< Ru
LSDB K ! * ( routing table 6) % 7 I5 Ru
Route Summarization For interarea And external . IY L w G. IF5 Ru
Route summarization for inter area 6) $#9 Ru

$ Network K ; , - (ip Addressing) ( 6 I' Router ABR • #1 $I5 R
Y 7 summarization 7 4 $I5 r - I@F n9! Router • #1 7
192.168.1.0 , 192.168.2.0 , 192.168.3.0 72 ' I5 @ ( ' =$ 5 =) $. $ &$ @
H G.
BBR L summarization 7 4 Route 3G. 6 q ABR • #1 $I5 r R
H Back bone router
Route summarization for external area 6) $#9 Ru

Ospf s 6$ $ -' 5 Router • #1 # =$ 5 I@F 3G. area I@F v F =$ F R
# $I • #% G. ASBR 3G. "< =$ I@F 3G. 6$x =?<
BBR L # q $I5 r I@F 3G# , - Route summarization
K 25 ' 3G. #|' ABR *0#1) 5G[' BBR $I5 F 3G. "< Back bone router
AS c B I@F c B K 3G. =) 7 + G. E2 ) E1 #!%
route summarization 7 ( ' "< '' ip addressing =L k`$ I * $V Ru

subnet mask 6) } 2 ^5 _ j> #
OSSHOSSHOSSHP † P
OSSHOSSHOSgHP † O
OSSHOSSHOSOHP † g
OSSHOSSHOgyHP † y
OSSHOSSHOgPHP † Tl
OSSHOSSHOOgHP † {O
OSSHOSSHTQOHP † lg
OSSHOSSHTOyHP † TOy
OSSHOSSHPHP † OSS
summarization 7 4 j ( F subnet mask 6) 'B j 7# 5 ^ 6 % Ru

9 '- K 6 B ' ^5 _ 6 $_ 4 7 5 OSPF 6$ $ =) Cisco Y 6$I R
Classless -' F 7 4' 7# 6$ $ $. Route 7 , - sub net mask 6)
H variable-length subnet R VLSM 5 $#<
VLSM B -' M IGRP RIP V1 72 KM$ $ e • !) 85) 6$I R
# Route summarization 7 X @' M KM$ $ "#<
Configuring OSPF Route Summarization
W G. 2 ) 3G. Route Summarization ) -' $# C k`$ I * $V uR

" ^ @' $IF
*-Router(config-router)#area 1 range 192.168.0.0 255.255.224.0

uRRouter(config-router)#summary-address 192.168.0.0 255.255.224.0
Router *0#1) #4` Z%5 W 3G. =) 4! =) Z%5 W 3G. X`$ $I! =) 7 ( Ru

Route summarization 7 '5 " j > ASBR 0#1) ) ABR # $I "'
area P I@F 7B + route 6) 3G. ;! '5 * $ I@F 7B + *+$1$ *0#1W 7
I W : Y Ru
*-Router(config-router)#area 1 range 192.168.0.0 255.255.224.0
# summarization 7 4 $I' "' I@F , - ( $. J Area id R

# summarization 7 4 $I' "' ip addressing !$F4 $ % $. J rang address R
@ "< #@[` ip addressing [V # $I iG sub net mask 6) $. J mask R
3G. =) \ 4! =) Z%5 @[` 4 5 % @ G. ;F j k 5 i 'B ) $. J advertise R
W G# default ` '<M I ".
; 3G. ;! 5 ! M F >) W G. X8! J not-advertise R
85) i 'B ) $. ip route 6) G. ( $. J cost R
J W : Y Ru
uRRouter(config-router)#summary-address 192.168.0.0 255.255.224.0
summarization 7 5 ! iG ip address 6) $. J summary-address R

@ "< @[` ip addressing [V # $I iG sub net mask 6) $. J mask R
; 3G. ;! 5 ! M F >) 48! i 'B ) $. J not-advertise R
H + I * $V " ^ @ 6 2 =M) $IF Ru

J " ' 6 % "< * 1$ 72 K + a n9! X`$ $IF GNS3 E ! 62 G# $IF Ru

R0 S0/0 TPHPHPHT P
R0 S0/1 TPHPHPHO P
R1 S0/0 TPHPHPH{ P
Create from
192.168.1.1
R1 Loop back 1-2-3-4 T
continue to
192.168.4.1
R2 S0/0 TPHPHPHg P
Create from
172.31.1.1
R2 Loop back 1-2-3-4
continue to
172.31.4.1
Router 0 - K+ a X`$ =M) $IF Ru

*- R0(config)# Router ospf 1


… 9 C ! ' Route summarization ) X` = I K+ a X`$ F ( I Ru

W X` 4
W X` 7 ( $V C ! *0#1) r 2 show ip route ) ' =M) $(? Ru

R0
R1
R2
Router's *0#1) { mI< # Y L F * Routing table 6) =) $V "< C ! Ru
Hj> ) Y X 6 $. <
H C B) ^_ F #!) F4 3G. IA \ I@F n9! c B "' Route 6) Z! % C ! R
% G. 7 I' $I iG i W X`$ =M) $IF Ru
*- R1(config-router)# area 1 range 192.168.0.0 255.255.224.0
*- R2(config-router)# area 1 range 17231.0.0 255.255.224.0
W X` •4 % 'F =M) C F Ru
R0
R1
R2
Routing 6) 7B + 5 1 @ 5$ !) route summarization ) F4` =) 4 F!) C ! Ru
L 6 L '5 F !) $. @ G. * b < null0 interface 7V' $. table
3G. Š I L '5 summarization # 7 "' network 6) $ % c B Router
TzOH{THSHP ; 4' 6 L >L j > 6 2 D loop XF '5 " j > Drop
Š I q $I . %5 F • #% # 5 "' K ; 3G. I @ '5 \$ !?<
loop C ] XF 5 j G #F 4' 5 " B) • #1 L 1$' $I5 drop
Route Summarization Configuration at ASBR
ASBR *0#1) =) * G' ASBR *0#1) Route summarization L 7I'FF =M) Ru

72 ospf s B) 6$ $ 7 one area or more 2 ) ) I@F V' *0#1) ".
H e '- AS ( 7 =$ EIGRP ) RIP
) $. C B) w + "< 2 ) \ 4'F FF 5 1 ) -' F 6 2 G. < Ru
6$ $ Y 7B + . ;! RIP 72 C BW KM$ $ ;! *+ q $I5 $. redistributed
H OSPF
H GNS3 E ! X 3G. " 6 2 ^ @' $IF / Y =) Ru
7V' BW • #% #84 X V' Router 5• #1 X`$ $IF * $V "< k` $. Ru
H area P I@F X

R1 S0/0 TzOHTlHlgHT T
Loop 1to 4 from
R1 172.16.1.1 to 2 (AS 2)
172.16.4.1
R2 S0/0 TzOHTlHlgHO T
Loop 1
R2 T
192.168.1.1
Route summarization ) X`$ $I! M ) R1 - K+ a X`$ =M) $IF Ru
*-R1(config-router)#network 172.16.64.T 0.0.0.0 area 1
*-R1(config-router)#redistribute rip subnets
*-R1(config)#router rip
*-R1(config-router)#version 2
*-R1(config-router)#network 172.16.1.0
R2 L =M) 7I'FF Ru
ospf 6$ $ ^5 _ j > R1 ? "' ; 7 I' 5 R2 =) * $V "< C ! Ru

7 4 I! F!) C ! FF OSPF 6$ $ s B) 6$ $ f$! !) F4 . E2 $. f$! =)
summarization 6) ) X`$ $IF =M) Route summarization
*- R1(config-router)#summary-address 172.16.0.0 255.255.224.0
=$ ( R1 =L C F summarization 6) ) X` 4 * $V * . ; $IF =M) Ru

Router *0#1) loop ] XF 5 " '9 ‚ interface Null0 \ 45
null0 5$ R1 W X` % '! 3G. Ru
R2 Routing table % . ;F Route summarization ) X` 4 % 'F Ru
H mI< @ L network 6) 7 m[` !) C ! Ru

Default Route in OSPF
" b 0 "< }! '! mB j5 = >L 4! . Default Route * b < 4'F w G. "< Ru

mB -' ' f 9 7 = f < 7 "< }! '! mB Z "< 1 M !?< # 7 4 "' „
Default Route ) ^5 _ j> " b 0 "< +$1$ }! '!M
default-information originate ) -' ! =) Z%5 !) OSPF 6$ $ =) Cisco Y 6$I Ru

+ I w "< # \ 4'F Default area I@F 7B + Default Route ;! '5 " j >
H 5 B• Router *0#1) Default Route ;! '5 " 'I5 _ 1$5 !)
static ) $. ip route ^5 _ Route 0.0.0.0 ;! . 5+ 4 I5 @ . I5 _ 6 ) Ru
always X` X default-information originate ) -' . I5 _ "! r Ru
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 3.5.2.2 72 static I5 @ ip route ) ' "< j >
default route ! 4 router 7 [; 5 j! "< 85) always X`$
M ) default route 1$5 = / $ 6 $ W 6 C "<
5 'B ) . W n9! X ' W ) -' 5 Ru
}! '! mB v F. 5 = ' 1a default route ;! ". # b < J always R
5 'B ) . " b W X ' W ) -' 5 Ru
j5 = >L !) 5 W G. =) . always '5 !) I * $V "< C ! Ru
THTHTHT 7 C B) default route e 8 =L 5 j!) ip 0.0.0.0 7 Default route
7B "' default route ) "` '<M ^5 @ =L p # 3G. v W G. =?<
v W G. X always X` = PHPHPHP ". ` '< I5 @ ;F * Y I5 @
THTHTHT 72 B) ip address 7 #F ospf 6$ $ 7B + C B) default route 7B =)
I 7 K+ L X` ! D 2 internet provider F5 1$5 !) I * $V "< C ! Ru

-' '5 " Router 7 9 '- ( X` Router FrM B
'5 "_ ' mB =$ 5 " provider B X` '5 =) " b - I $. !) Provider A
=L • #1 7 "< metric 6) ( \ 'B C ! " b - I X ; ] F -'
78<W ". 7(W I
e )7 Packet Tracer 5 E ! -' default route 6) 6 2 ^ @' =M) $IF Ru
H i+ 4 X`$ -' F j G E ! always ) 1$5 M
*0#1W K+ a X`$ =M) $IF Ru
*- R0(config)#interface serial 0/0/0

*- R0(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
*- R0(config-if)#clock rate 9600
*- R0(config-if)#no shutdown
*- R0(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0

*- R0(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 fastEthernet 0/0
*- R0(config-router)#default-information originate
*- R1(config)#interface serial 0/0/0

*- R1(config-if)#clock rate 9600
*- R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0

$V % 'F * . ; $IF Router FrM K+ a X`$ F ( =) 4 Ru

W % '! I * $V "< C ! Ru
*- R0(config-router)#default-information originate
=) C ! default route 6$x router $. =$ 5 " TQOHTlyHTHT < `L ! Ru

gateway X8! =L &$ @ $. G. Gateway of last is 192.168.1.1 to network 0.0.0.0
?' tracert ) ' pc0 6$B ^5 _ % 'F ?' jF 5 . 5 ! "' ;
default route !) TQOHTlyHTHT -' 5 • #% =)
table 6) B) "< static @ < `L ( , - gateway < `q ( ( R0 =) C ! Ru

Configuring OSPF Special
Area Types
. K r 2 F 4 ^_ F e5 4' OSPF 6$ $ $I5 J Ru
H not so stubby area totally stub area STUB area
7 I I@F 7 7B + LSA 7b I ;'! =L $. stub areas -' \ # Ru
H I@F 7 7B + Routing table 7 I LSDB
stub areas -' #@@B "< $485 =L K ; " V Z%5 !L Cisco Y 6$I R
H X $' v # ; / +) ^_ F 3G. x
not so stubby area = NSSA V'B R“
Configuring OSPF Area Types
J 9 '- OSPF ^_ F ] '5 /0% G. Ru

NSSA R totally stub area Ž stub area Ž back bone area R standard area R
LSA 7b I' iG f$F Z I@F 7 e $' $IF Ru
Link state update 72 LSA 7b f $!) 7 7 I I@F 3G. J standard area RT

. External Route Route summarized
D C BW ^_ F 7 # 7V'5 "' b I@F ". I@F 3G. J back bone area RO

f $!) 7 7 I I@F . D I@F 3G. "< ^_ F 7b 7 6+ '5 D area 0 I@F
H LSA packet 7b
7 I M N RIP 72 C BW KM$ $ External route 7 I M I@F 3G. J stub area R{

-' #!?< rip 72 e '- |! L ] ' I@F 3G. K+ ) >L U OSPF 6$ $ C$
KM$ $ ^_ F L ] ' 6$x ABR # $5 iG $. Default route 0.0.0.0
85) $. ABR 6) • #1 =$ 5 =L C$ ASBR • #1 C$' =L 5 M I@F 3G. 9 '-
H }($ n9! "< ASBR
M N RIP 72 C BW KM$ $ External route 7 I M I@F 3G. J totally stub area Rg
-' #!?< rip 72 e '- |! L ] ' I@F 3G. K+ ) >L U OSPF 6$ $ C$ 7 I
C$' =L 5 M I@F 3G. summary Route 7 I M 85) . Default route 0.0.0.0
H }($ n9! "< ASBR 85) $. ABR 6) • #1 =$ 5 =L C$ ASBR • #1
stub area , $B •4 8 I@F 3G. z C$' LSA 7b 7 I I@F 3G. J NSSA RS

H mI< ASBR C$' =) X @' I@F 3G. totally stub area
\ 4 "' External Route 7 I M ^_ F 3G. J stub and totally stub areas Ru

) stub area #!) I@F e5 4 5 D S ( f$F LSA 7b LSA type 5
J ' K 9 $ }I _ >) Totally stub area
=$ 5 =L ) (ABR) C BW ^_ F L] ' I@F 3G. c - mI< ^5 _ v F. RT

Š ; 2) ) ABR • #1 # < 1 >L D I@F 3G. L c - * v F.
= + C BW ^_ F L 6$ $ X @' M I@F 3G. "< *+$1$ *0#1W 7 =L
H I@F c B "' K #% L 6$ $ ^5 _ 78<) 72 'B D *0#1W 3G. C )
stub #!) #95 4 '5 =) stub area 7B + *+$1$ Router's *0#1) 7 =$ 5 =) Z%5 RO
H stub ! \ 45 =L Z%5 ABR • #1 85) C BW *0#1W #F ( 4 $I =L 7 (
I@F 3G. 7B + ASBR *0#1) 1$5 M R{
back bone area 0 ". 3G. =$ M =) Rg
Routers *0#1) virtual link 1$5 M =) RS

Configuring Stub Areas
7 I L C+„5 iG I@F 3G. 7B + LSDB % 7 I I@F 3G. J I@F 3G. K 9 $ u

\ 4 "' external route 7 •< '5 D Router • #1 7B + RAM CPU • #1 m[8
U OSPF s C BW KM$ $ 7 •< '5N (LSA type 5) LSA 7b n - f$F
Router • #1 + ) >L D default route 0.0.0.0 ^5 _ I@F 3G. "< Routing ' Ru
L K ! 3G. 1$' $I5 default route -' 5 !?< C B) Y L ] '5 =) I@F 3G. 7B +
Routing % 7 I 5 C BW ^_ F L] ' 6$x $. ABR Router • #1
H I@F 3G. "< *+$1$ Router *0#1) 7B + table
" b 0 72 hup-and – spoke topology "< stub area I@F -' '5 Ru
" b 0 L default route 3 5 5 iG 7 < f 9 "( < 4 1 M f < 7 < f 9 "(
H f 9 "( $ 6$x $. " b 0
5 ! I@F "< *+$1$ *0#1W 7B + 48! =) Z%5 iG , - W C ! I * $V "< Ru
I@F , - $. area area-id stub W G. =) 6$() =) Z%5 stub area L # 5$
totally stub L I@F 3G. 6$ ' j G < W "( L no summary < `q F ( >L L stub
I@F … < * Z%5 G routers *0#1) L summary route 6$ XF 5 W G. x Area
totally stub ) stub }! >L . 5 "'
` '<M I I@F 3G. 7B + ;F' "' default route ( 72 5 $#< "! 2 W ) Ru

HTC
75$ ' area 2 stub ) < `L !) C ! stub area ^ @ 62 I * $V "< C ! Ru

stub area L standard area 5+ I@F I@F 3G.
E ! -' totally stub area stub area $! " 6 2 ^ @' $IF Ru

H GNS3
BBR Loop back 1 TQyHPHTHO P
BBR S0/0/0 TQOHTlyHTHT P
ABR S0/0/0 TQOHTlyHTHO P
ABR S0/0/1 TzOH{PHTHT O
R2 S0/0/0 TzOH{PHTHO O
R2 Loop back 1 TOyHTHTHS O
H ' K+ a X`$ $I! BBR 6$B =M) $IF Ru
*-BBR(config)#interface loopback 1
*-BBR(config-if)#ip address 198.0.1.2 255.255.255.0
*-BBR(config)#interface serial 0/0

*-BBR(config-if)#clock rate 9600
*-BBR(config-if)#no shutdown
*-BBR(config)#router rip
*-BBR(config-router)#network 198.0.1.2
*-BBR(config)#router ospf 1
*-BBR(config-router)#router-id 1.1.1.1
*-BBR(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
*-BBR(config-router)#redistribute rip subnets
OSPF 6$ $ 5 Router G. =M) k ) Router BBR 7B + ' K + a X`$ Ru

H Router ABR K + a X`$ =M) $IF D rip 6$ $
*-ARB(config)#interface serial 0/0

*-ARB(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
*-ARB(config-if)#clock rate 9600
*-ARB(config-if)#no shutdown
*-ARB(config)#interface serial 0/1

*-ARB(config-if)#ip address 172.30.1.1 255.255.255.0
*-ARB(config-if)#clock rate 9600
*-ARB(config-if)#no shutdown
*-ARB(config)#router ospf 1
*-ABR(config-router)#router-id 2.2.2.2
*-ARB(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
*-ARB(config-router)#network 172.30.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
*-ARB(config-router)#area 2 stub
rip routing =) C ! ' R2 Router ABR area 2 stub @ X`$ $I! M =) 78<) Ru
area 2 stub ) @ X` 4 … 9 C ! : %F R2 L 7V
R2 K+ a X`$ =M) $IF Ru
*-R2(config)#interface serial 0/0

*-R2(config-router)#area 2 stub
area 2 stub ) X` 7 ( . . ;F 7 ( # ) F "' % 'F * . ; $IF =M) Ru
: %! 7 ABR L 7V rip route =) F #| show ip route ) % '! I * $V "< Ru

X`$ $I! = 7 ( + I * $V 3G. rip route 3G. L 7V $. R2 . ;F + I * $V <
ABR , R2 7 area 2 stub )
+ I * $V "< =M) . ;F : %! 7 external route L 7V R2 =) I * $V "< C ! Ru

75$ % '! j > router ABR L default route #! X`$5 "9'-' external route 3G. =)
H stub area L Area 2
75$ % '! j > default Route 0.0.0.0 via 172.30.1.1 ) F #|5 I * $V "< Ru
stub area L area 2
: %F # \ 4' '5 " stub L AREA 2 "< *+$1$ Router • #1 7 75$ '5 =) Z%5 Ruu
*0#1W "( #F ( 4 •I< area 2 stub ) X`$ F ( F !W j > ABR • #1 X
I@F 3G. 7B + *0#1W "( ABR • #1 : %F ( 4 6 ' ' " O I@F 7B + *+$1$
H stub L area 2 7B + *0#1W 7 7 $ Z%5
Configuring Totally Stubby Areas
7 I5 M I@F 3G. 7B + !) I * $V "< C ! D Totally stubby areas L =M) 7I'FF Ru

=) Z%5 I@F 3G. 7B + Routing table % 7I5 summary Route external Route # <
e5 4 '5 =) Z%5 j G Totally stub #!) I@F 3G. 7B + *+$1$ *0#1W 7 e5 4 '5
Cisco *0#1) mI< V'I K + a 3G. =) C ! Totally stub I@F 3G. =L ABR
H Routers
@ < `L I@F 3G. 7B + *+$1$ *0#1W =) %! Totally stubby area ) X` 4 Ru
ABR Router L ;5 I@F 3G. "< +$1$ Router • #1 7 7B + Default route
"< no-summary mI< e 8! C ! $. Totally stubby ) I * $V "< C ! Ru
stub I@F I@F 3G. W … < $. G. W B)
$I! =) 7 ( j > area stub I@F L 7V Summary Route =) C F + I * $V "< Ru

network 2 ) X`$ $(? D ^ 62 7 F Totally stubby area L # 5$ '
rip network L #9 8! BBR Router 7B +
*-BBR(config)#router rip
*-BBR(config)#router ospf 1
*-BBR(config-router)#summary-address 198.0.0.0 255.255.252.0
L #'< `q F ( r BBR • #1 L 2 loop back interface < `q F ( I K + a "< Ru

K ; $ % 3G. L Route summarization 7 4 F ( r Rip network
I@F L O I@F 75$ ' =M) $IF summary Route 7 I' 5 R2 =) I * $V "< C ! Ru
Totally stubby area
*-ABR(config)#router ospf 1
*-ABR(config-router)#area 2 stub no-summary
*-R2(config-router)#area 2 stub no-summary
'5 " j > area 2 stub W "( L no-summary ) < `q F ( I K+ a "< Ru

route summarization 7 I M external route 7 I M Totally stubby area L # 5$
summery route external route •< ! + I * $V "< . ;F R
: %F 7 45 Totally stubby area ) =) I * $V "< C ! Ru
7 89' !) C ! I@F n9! 7B + ABR • #1 2 ) +$1 62 C ! I * $V "< Ru

( ". X p area 1 default-cost X ) ^5 _ j > ABR Router • #1 7 ( 9'
] ' -' ' iG 78<W $. Router ABR $. G. = 7() cost }! cost
H W I Z BW ABR • #1 area T I@F -' '< ;
Configuring NSSAs
I@F 7B + RIP ) IGRP ;! 72 b @ KM "< -' ' NSSA areas f$F G. < `) Ru
7B + +$1$ Router 7V' $. IGRP or RIP -' 5 Router • #1 ^5 _ j> F4
LSA type 5 x j > ABR • #1 L LSA type 7 ;F $I • #% G. = < j G NSSA I@F
$I5 r LSA type 7 7 Y ;F j G (external route) I@F 3G. 7B + . ;'! f$F
back bone area 0 L . ;! LSA Type 5 "I I # Y L # + q ABR
• #1 $I5 (stub area and Totally stubby area) m nssa area I@F 3G. '4 Ru
7B + nssa e $ '5 D external route M nssa I@F L Default route 6 q ABR
O N2 or O N1 (N means NSSA) 7 ; G. Routing table
< `q F ( >L (area area-id nssa) $. nssa K + L , - W =?< * $V "< C ! Ru

B K + a 3G. (NSSA Totally stubby area) L I@F 3G. 6$ '' no-summary )
H mI< Cisco router *0#1?
H Packet Tracer E ! -' * $V 3G. " 6 2 ^ @' $IF Ru
LSA type 75$ . ;F B iG W -' F * $V "< F K+ a X`$ $I! =) 4

LSA type 5 L 7
uR show ip ospf database
. ;! " show ip route ) -' F 85) … 9 . ;F *0#1) r 2 W G. -' F Ru

H External route
LSA type x j > area T I@F 7B + . ;! '5 LSA type 7 =) + I * $V "< . ;F Ru

area back P I@F 7B + LSA type 5 L # 5$ … 9 . ;F I@F 3G. 7B + $F 5
H LSA f $!) X 1 7 I standard area I@F #!W j > bone
- K V'BM . ;! " NSSA • #% - routing table . ;F + I * $V "< Ru
O N1 or N2 ". F ( NSSA I@F
#Fx OSPF NSSA external type 2 #!) external route 6 I' '5 !) C ! Ru
ospf 7 I' #!) I@F 3G. 6 ' M j G Rip n ospf 6$ $ B
NSSA • #% - ospf database + I * $V "< . ;F Ru
type 5 link states L type 7 as link states 75$ ! C ! Ru

"' back bone area "< +$1$ $. A0 • #% , - ip route + I * $V "< . ;F Ru
"< *+$1$ Xb 8 f $!) X 1 7 I 7 "< *+$1$ * I@F 72 standard area #!) FI9
H 7b f$! C •< M ^_ F 7 ? "' 7b 7 7 I I@F 3G. 85) 4 7
"< . ;F k V # Y L #+ L ! k 7 ; external route 7 I' #!) =M) C ! Ru

• #% G# - database + I * $V
LSA type f$! 7b C L +$1 M k 7 ; type 5 external route 7 I' #!) C ! Ru

#!) #'I@F 7B + external route 5 ' $I #!) NSSA I@F f$! &$ @ $. G. 7
. 5 r II # $ L # 5$ ' • #% G. $I5 r ABR • #1 L 7V ' Type 7 LSA
H "I I # ; area P I@F L
Configuring OSPF
Authentication
*0#1W 3G. ^5 _j > F 0#1) 5 $I! e x; 4'F w G. "< Ru

OPSF 6$ $ 7B + -' K = $! v F. Ru
= 6 q $I5 !?< 5 f $!) f$! C 1$5 M f$F G. J clear password RT
send I' packet 6L L sniffing 7 4 F ( >L \ ;' 7# 5 9;
receive packet
X' 5 M MD5 I5 @ 9; =$ 5 f$F G. J Message Digest 5 (MD5) password RO
<
Z% < # $IF "' K + a 7# ) OSPF 6$ $ "< - K + a X` =L Ru

Router • #1 m $IF iG interface K + L } #4`$ $I! K + a 3G. =) 4! =L
X` FF 5 ) serial interface $. m "< -' ! iG interface ƒQQ B) • #%
H =>q … @ 3G. 7 C F ospf area K + L 7B +
LSAu }! / $ LSA f $!) f$! C send / receive packet 6 I' 6 L F Ru

7 "< authenticate 4 $I5 ospf 6$ $ = < packet 6L f$! C LSADB )
authentication mode -' ! ! F!L Z j > I5 @ 3G. ospf -' 5 I 2 W
7 I' iG • #% = < -' F ( >L password key -' ! F!W j >
^ @ # 1$5 I' =) ?' ‘ 9 $I packet 6)
•< $I [ #F 5) "< 1 >L #4 '5 iG 9;' I5 _ n9! ^ @ #!) 5 *+$1$
H 3G# Drop 7 3G.
Configuring Simple Password Authentication
clear password f$F h ' F Ru
$. clear password ,- W =) I * $V "< C ! Ru
*- Ip ospf authentication-key password
message-digest 72 < `L C x C B) K < `L =-' F iG W $. G. Ru

MD5 f$! L $
4` '5 ) interface } 4` '5 =L ) W G. # < X8! =L 5 ! 1$5 ! C ! Ru
^ @'5 =L Z%5 !W ! 5G. '-! =L Z%5 F!L 4! =L Z%5 ospf configuration 7B +
X` = 9;' "< -' I5 @ 7 "< Router *0#1) 7
7 ‘- area configuration 7B + X`$ - K + a =L Cisco Y 6$I Ru
H TOHP L " # , - IOS "' *0#1W
E ! -' I * $V "< *+$1$ 72 ^5 @ 3G. " 6 2 ^ @' $IF Ru
H Packet tracer
R1 • #1 - K+ a X`$ =M) $IF Ru

*-R1(config)#interface serial 0/0/0
*-R1(config-if)#ip ospf authentication
*-R1(config-if)#ip ospf authentication-key melshare
R2 - K+ a X`$ =M) $IF Ru

*-R2(config-if)#ip ospf authentication
*-R2(config-if)#ip ospf authentication-key melshare
K+ L X8! =L 7 ( R2 L R1 show ip ospf neighbor ) 4 & %! =) Z ) Ru

authentication ^ @ Z j > = % #|5 M ! %F authentication
R1#debug ip ospf events ) % '! 3G. Ru

R2 =L 85) 6$I Authentication |! "< ^ @ 1$5 ! 6$I 5G 1$5 ! C !
H T f$F -' ! ! P f$F -' 5
authentication |! 1$5 M ! P f$F =L ". 1a ˆ T f$F $. P f$F $. Ru
authentication |! 1$5 ! F4'< T f$F L
R2 K+ a X` 5• #% authentication 6) $! I @ =M) $(? Ru
H I5 @ '5 6 I' M 6 a = V % 'F =M) C ! Ru
Configuring MD5 Authentication
9;' $I5 ! p -' 2 W ! ) 2 W $. MD5 "! 2 f$F L 6 I'!M =M) $IF Ru

H hashing "< # B 5 ospf 6$ $ -
2 ) X` jF 5 ! "< clear text e '-5 F W ' I5 _ I * $V "< C ! Ru

n9! key-id + =$ ' $I'< [' "F • 6 1 X8 =L 5 2 < Key-id
H " ' 72 Interface
*-R2(config-if)#ip ospf authentication message-digest
*- R2(config-if)#ip ospf message-digest-key 1 md5 melshare
*- R2(config-if)#ip ospf message-digest-key 2 md5 ccnp
=M) $IF 5( melshare =L '4F D K + a n9F R1 ^ @ =) Z%5 Ru

F ; ] j G ccnp 25 #'< `q F ( "' -' ! 5• #% #<G
H 5I \G $I!
^ @' C B) I5 _ + I 6 2 "< -' F FF MD5 K + ) I5 _ ' $(? =M) Ru
area 6) K + L authentication 74%F MD5
ospf 6$ $ "< K + a 7# ) # W ' I5 _ Ru

*-R2(config-if)#ip ospf authentication message-digest
*- R2(config-if)#ip ospf message-digest-key 1 md5 melshare
+I $@ \G $I! =) Z%5 M ) ' K+ a ^ @' $IF ^ 62 n9! Ru

R1 and R2 7
*-R2(config-if)#no ip ospf authentication message-digest

*-R2(config-if)#no ip ospf message-digest-key 1 md5 melshare
*-R1(config-if)#no ip ospf authentication

*-R1(config-if)#no ip ospf authentication-key melshare
debug 7b . ;! " M ) R2 K+ a X`$ $IF D * 5 % K + a X`$ 7I'F! =M) Ru

R1 #|' "'
*-R2(config-router)#area 0 authentication message-digest
TQOHTlyHTHTPO 7b 6 I' "< A@B 1$5 ! 5G ' F #| I * $V "< Ru

H e '- authentication |! =) .
J ' W 7 -' j 4< 7b 3G. * . ; K+ ) >L Ru
*-R1#debug ip ospf events
*-R1#debug ip ospf adj
Troubleshooting - W ". 3G. Ru
] 5 . ;! R1 K+ a n9! X`$ $(? =M) Ru
*-R1(config-router)#area 0 authentication message-digest
&$ @ $. G. : %F 6 V M =) =M) C ! Ru
K0 2 6$ $ G. =) \ ' ) =) Z%5 OSPF 6$ $ / #'!M Ruu

5 #Y & I5 F GB) =M) L ! # 7 45 "' ‘b V- K 0 * 2 4'5 7 #5
uuR =>? B) 6$ $ L 7I'FF F F / #'!
The IS-IS Protocol
D L V'B $. IS-IS 6$ $ + "< h ' ! J Ru

"< -' '5 " IS-IS 6$ $ n ? D Intermediate System-to-System Protocol
6$ $ G. / ;!L D ISP }! '!M B " •$ 7 ( -' '5 " * K ;
mI< ‘V- 6$ $ G. (ISO) International Organization for Standardization 7 (
w + $ % #'4 "' K $ 4 ` Routers *0#1) -' '5 "
G. / ;!L I < TCP/IP e '- ip addressing 6$ $ G. =) CBT nuggets
!$F "< TCP/IP 6 -' '5 =L t '9 = TCP/IP 6$ $ 7 ( 6$ $
H -' $# \ 4'F % 6$ $ G. \ 4'F / Y = D }! '!M
(VLSM) variable length subnet X 7 4' X @' 5 ! IS-IS 6$ $ K0 Ru

-' 5 j G Link state '45 iG BW "! 2 6$ $ $. IS-IS 6$ $ D masking
H USPF) short path first I5 _
(IS-IS) Intermediate System-to-System H Router • #1 $. intermediate system Ru

Protocol
= 5 … @ & K 2 6$ $ G. * ( $. IS-IS 6$ $ K0 Ru
ISP }! '!M B " •$ 7 ( -' C BW KM$ $ M $ -' t '9
=) s OSPF 6$ $ ;'! 6$ $ G# 5 + #5 5G FI' I
6$ $ G. -' "< FI' * 2 OSPF 6$ $ 7 ( b ;!L IS-IS 6$ $
IS-IS 6$ $ ;'! 2 ) OSPF 6$ $ ;'! 6$ $ G# #'5 +
m 5 iG m $ • #% $. 4 [ F4 intermediate system ". IS V'B Ru
H mI< Router • #% F. VI5 #84 ' Y
I5 _ "< (CLNS) Connectionless Network Service n< IS-IS 6$ $ -' 5 Ru
/ ;!L < Router • #1 \ 4' '5 #I5 _ ip addressing !$F4
(IGP) interior gateway $. IS-IS 6$ $ '45 j G D Link state Database (LSDB)
Routing "< -' 5 6$ $ !W j > D protocol
ip addressing !$F4 "< j > OSI model Layer 3 protocol -' 5 IS-IS 6$ $ Ru
-' '5 " -' 6$ $ $. D Connectionless Network Protocol (CLNP) Ru

B =L F4 D !$F4 B I "' (CLNS) B ( iG 6$ $ $. K ! 7I! x 4 "<
H CLNP 6$ $ # "< '4 CLNS !$F4
Routing ” "< dynamic link-state '45 iG "! 2 6$ $ $. IS-IS 6$ $ Ru

IS-IS allows the routing D ^_ F L ; I '45 OSPF 72 $. IS-IS 6$ $ Ru
H domain to be partitioned into areas
LSDB 6+ '5 " ! 1 \ 4' "< Hello packet IS-IS 6$ $ -' 5 Ru
n9! 7B + link-state packets (LSPs) -' '5 D link-state information ^5 _ j>
H LSDB 6+ '5 " I@F
7 [;' Routers *0#1) $I #84 X Routers *0#1) LSDB 6+ \ 4 '5 =L 4 Ru
… @ ! I 6 B ^5 _ 78<) 'B '5 UDijkstra’s SPF algorithmN Ž SPF • $B
H LSDB 7B *+$1$ K
level 1 and level 2 = 5$' L AS autonomous system I' IS-IS 6$ $ $I5 Ru
n9! "< *+$1$ Routers *0#1) ] "' Routing $. 6 W C$' J Level 1 Ru

\ 4' ES (end system-pc) *0#1W \ 4' C$' G. "< *+$1$ *0#1W $I D I@F
7 D #F 7 L 6$ $ Routing table / F $I j > 4 r D (ISs) ) Routers *0#1)
D same area address I@F ( n9! # 6 W C$' "< *+$1$ Routers *0#1)
‘V- /0% 7B + p ^5 _ '5 I@F n9! "< *+$1$ *0#1W Routing
'B '5 System ID ^5 _ #'< 4 '5 I@F n9! "< *+$1$ *0#1W Routing table
H Lowest cost ( 7( iG ^5 @
*0#1) \ 4' $I C$' G. "< *+$1$ Routers *0#1) 7 "! 2 C$' J Level 2 Ru
Routing table / F $I r 6 W C$' "< =$ "' #'I@F n9! "< *+$1$ Routers
^_ F "< =$ "' "! 2 C$' "< *+$1$ Routers *0#1) \ 4' $I5 r D # B
Routing 4 $I " U I@F = $F N area address destination -' $I r D C B)
H lowest cost path -' M ^5 _ ( 7( 'B $I
. #F Routing ' " f $!) { L Routers *0#1) IS-IS 6$ $ $I5 Ru
#'I@F n9! "< *+$1$ Paths K 4' $I 6 W C$' Router *0#1) J Level 1
H (intra-area) B I@F ) # V' I@F mI< C B) I@F C AY 4 M mI<
•4 #84 ^_ F "' K 4' $I "! 2 C$' Routers *0#1) J Level 2 Ru

H (backbone Routers) D (inter-area) mI<
"' K 7 4' $I "! 2 6 W = 5$' "< =$ "' Routers *0#1) J Level 1-2 Ru
Learn all paths between (inter-area) and (intra-area) B ^_ F ^_ F
H OSPF 6$ $ "< -' ABR L 5 *0#1W 3G.
"< "' *0#1W Level 2 routers "! 2 C$' "< Routers *0#1) m "' K Ru
Backbone Level 1-2 Routers "! 2 6 W = 5$'
9 '- KM$ $ -' Routing 4 $I5 =) X @' 5 !) IS-IS 6$ $ K0 Ru
=) "< (ip addressing) Routers *0#1) !$F "< CLNS B -' 5 IS-IS 6$ $ =?<
6$ $ (ip addressing) *0#1W !$F "< TCP/IP 6$ $ -' PC $ *0#1)
H # 3G# $I ? !W #F Routing 4 $I5 =) $# 7 X @' 5 IS-IS
K ! #4 85 CLNP - Route tag X`$ IS-IS 6$ $ $I5 Ru

72 #F Routing ' " # , - sub net mask ; , - Ip address
7 OSPF F Routing 4 $I5 =) IS-IS 6$ $ X @' 5 j G D Encapsulating
CLNS routing ) ip routing 4 $I5 =) IS-IS 6$ $ X @' 5 D $#
$. Routers *0#1) K ! 7IF , B 6$ $ IS-IS 6$ $ -' 5 Ru

Z! % Routers *0#1) K ! * ( K 25 ' 7IF $I5 $. protocol data units (PDUs)
frames L I' data link layer Ž IS-IS 6$ $ -' 5 D ip address 7IF $I5 !)
H # L
IP addressing $! -' $IF F!L 4! =) Z%5 IS-IS 6$ $ -' ! F Ru

*+$1$ interface \ 4 "< -' F B) f$! D mI< Routers *0#1) \ 4 "< -' F f$!
B K ; B) Router • #1 72 1 - K ; # 7 $ =$ 5 "' Routers
H Network
' ip address $ % 'B F F '5 ' ip addressing !$F4 @B w ! =) Z%5 Ru
. route summarization 7 '! '
cpu possessing K % 7 I5 Route summarization =) \ 4! Ru
H router "< +$1$
Router *+$1$ interfaces 7 TP I metric -' 5 IS-IS 6$ $ Ru

H #4` 5 (" . l{ ". metric 6) " ( V() D 5 5 I5 @ I 3G. [ 5
6$ $ -' 5 J The End System-to-Intermediate System (ES-IS) protocol Ru

$< 4'5 =L (ES) $ • #1 Router (IS) • #% k 5 " ,$V- 6$ $ IS-IS
; \ 4' $ • #% 6$ $ G. k 5 (ES-IS) 6$ $ $. •4 #84
H -
6$x $. ES-IS D end system ) (ES) OSI model 7B + (hosts) $ *0#1) \ 4 Ru
H Router (IS) *0#1) (ES) $ *0#1) 7 \ 4
J ' # ES-IS $I5 Ru

$ *0#1) L (area-prefix) I@F e5 4' $I5 RT
Routers *0#1) $ *0#1) \ 4' $I5 RO
; - K \ 4' $I5 R{
, - ip address L End System Hellos (ESHs) 6 q ES $ *0#1) $I Ru

L Router *0#1) X ' D Routers (ISs) *0#1) L .+$1 $ 45 " Routers *0#1)
K $ 4 6 q Routers *0#1) $I D ; *+$1$ *0#1W \ 4 " (ESHs)
H (LSP) 7b 7B + ; "< #5 *+$1$ *0#1W
*0#1) L Intermediate System Hellos (ISHs) 6 q Routers *0#1) $I r Ru

ISHs 7b L ESs *0#1) X ' D .+$1 \ 4 " ; #5 *+$1$ ES $
] '5 =) ES • #1 5 5 F D UK ! N 7b 7 6 q $I " ISs '- b $; I5 @
; +$1$ Router • #1 & ( L . 5 5 "' K ! 6 q $I5 ! < B) ES • #1 L
H -
\ 4' "< h ' " hello (IIHs) 7b 6+ "< IS-IS 6$ $ Routers *0#1) -' Ru
H •4 #84 X 0' #84
J . f $!) 4 ) L Routing IS-IS 6$ $ I5 Ru
j> IS & ( ES e;' 5 F Routing (ES-IS) 6 ) h ' J Level 0 Routing

H ISH packets 7b L f ' M ^5 _
‘ 9 IS • #1 $I5 area I@F n9! "< 5+$1$ ES IS 7 J IS-IS Level 1 Routing

78<) 'B $I5 r L Z.G' "' destination 6) < 4 ES • #1 # ' "' packet
• #1 $I I@F n9! "< L 7 ' iG = = >L packet 6) 7 5 \$ Best path
6 B \ 4' ES , - ip address < 4 j> + • #% L # q IS
H ESHs 7b Lf ' M
3G. 6 q level 1 IS $I < C B) I@F L #1$ }! >L J IS-IS Level 2 Routing

Level 2 IS L # q $I5 r D Level 2 Routing 4 3G. D Level 1-2 IS L
< 4 ^5 _ j > D 3+ I@F "< Level 1-2 L 7V =) L . 7
H I@F , - System ID
5 deferent domains 9 '- ^_ F Routing J Level 3 Routing

H 9 '- AS |!) 7b 5 '5 4 3G. D Level 3 Routing
Comparing IS-IS to OSPF
H #84 ; "' Š IF #F \ 'BM Š I! ! I 3G. OSPF IS-IS ! I Ru
J ". ;' Š I! \ 'B #F 1$5 =) 2 ) KM$ $ 3G. & I 1$5 Ru
Link-state '45 #< RT

VLSM B $ 5 RO
LSDB 0 ; D 7b < "#'F iG }($ LSA 7b ;! "< =$# ;'5 R{
K 78<) + %5L "< SPF K $ -' 5 Rg
ISP }! '!M B " •$ 7 ( $ -' 5 X $' K * K ; "< $ -' 5 RS
* ; 7B + [' K $ $' 5 =) $4 @' 5 Rl
j > P I@F ^_ F 7 7 $ =) Z% < ^_ F I "< OSPF 6$ $ -' Ru
*0#1W 3G. Route summarization 4 $I! j G ABR *0#1) ^5 _
^5 _ X $' 5 mI< * I@F L 'F Router (IS) 7 =$ 5 IS-IS 6$ $ "< Ru

7 $ ^5 _ ) Level 1-2 IS •4 #84 X "! 2 6 W C$' IS *0#1) 7 $ )
2 ) X $' X @' ! j G D Level 2 IS mI< "! 2 C$' IS *0#1? IS level 1-2 *0#1)
H ; % "<
H*+$1$ #F * [ OSPF 6$ $ IS-IS 6$ $ … 9 Ru

6 q $ I< IS-IS 6$ $ )H* 2 * [ % q LSAs 6 q OSPF 6$ $ $I5 R
H LSP * "< * 4<+ # K ['
H CLNS |! -' 5 IS-IS IP address |! OSPF 6$ $ -' 5 R
Router , - CPU " -' 7( IS-IS 6$ $ R
$# 7 IPV6 -' 5 =) IS-IS 6$ $ X @' 5 R
#5 5G FI' * 2 j > IS-IS 6$ $ OSPF 6$ $ '- =) K „ 789 Ru

6$ $ Fb ( 4 * 4Y 5 6$ $ G. OSPF 6$ $ 5 +
^_ F . s standard area-stub area 72 * 2 ^_ F I &$ ) -' 5 ! < OSPF
$# \ 4'F IS-IS 6$ $ "< 'I@F C$ 1$5 M ! C F FF # F< 4 "'
H 6$ $ G. K + L
Performing IS-IS Routing
Operations
!$F4 , - /0% $. IS-IS 6$ $ \ 4' "< /01 .) $. /0% G. Ru

H /0% G. "< b 01) 7 Packet 7 Y : ;F IS-IS 6$ $ , - ip addressing
$. , B |! !$F4 "< -' 5 IS-IS 6$ $ =) B) |! C s J Ru

- 3G. -' 5 " |F G. x j > D (CLNS) connectionless network service
$I5 M Routing "< -' F iG Router (IS) • #1 = >L ' D B) 6$ $ C s
CLNS -' 5 =) Z%5 !?< ip address L mI< M) Routing 4
192.168.1.1 72 TCP/IP 6$ $ VI! F. F< ip addressing G! F Ruu U ‚$ N

49.0001.0000.0c12.3456.00 $. $@ 48 4 \ 4F ) !$F4 7 Y =) B„ C F FF
uuR F '! 7 -'! ' j > D
Router • #1 \ 45 -' = $F4 =?< Router • #1 !$F "< CLNS 6$ $ -' ! F Ru

H Router (IS) • #1 +$1$ interface 7 L = $F X`$ $I! M
4 3G. = < Router • #1 L = $F X`$ CLNS 6$ $ $I5 F Ru

IS-IS 6$ $ "< ip addressing $. G. D (NSAPs) network service access points
=?< PHPHPHP OCT /01 7 / 01) g L I ip address =) D NSAP = TCP/IP
/ 01) S L I NSAP
= $F4 G. =) 6$I5 $. PP = $F4 "< BW /0% $. NSAP SELECTOR $. J NSEL Ru

Router • #% , B
20 byte L I $. hexadecimal &$' NSAP Ru
!$F4 NET NSAP $. \ 4' h ' F /0% G. "< _ h I j!) 4; ^ I M Ru

H IS-IS 6$ $ "< CLNS
NSAP Addresses
!$F4 # $I5 iG 6$ $ $. G. J CLNS – connectionless network service Ru
|! F. e '-5 NSAP address # 3G#< Router (IS) • #1 !$F4 $I! F
7 L ip address X`$ $I! F!?< C BW |!W "9< i+ 4 IP address |! F. !$F4
mI< = $F ) NSAP X85 IS-IS 6$ $ "< Router • #1 +$1$ Interface
H" ' 7 e5 4' $I5 NSAP G. Router • #1
NSAP -' IS-IS 6$ $ "< !$F4 Ru
, B "! 2 /01 Area address I@F = $F , B /01 / 01) { L = $F4 I5 R

= >L • #% f$! ) NSEL , B p 2 /0% Router (IS) • #1 = $F System id
H B) • #1 ) Router
". K 3G. K / 01) r 2 3G. e5 4 / 01) { L I NSAP =) I F ( Ru

initial domain identifier (IDI) The authority and format identifier (AFI)
initial domain part (IDP)
< 4! )K „ !$F4 , - /0% =$ 5 =) " 5 …9M Ru

Z%5 -' F iG NSAP =) /0% G. "< # $. G. gQ ( h 5 =) Private ip address
AFI 5 /0% G. gQ ( h 5 =L
"< gzHPPPl ( ) -' 5 W f< * • < 4 C BW NSAP 2 ) Ru

H # - !$F4
b01 L I $. Area id ) I@F = $F 72 5 $. gQHPPPT $. = $F4 "< 6 W /0% Ru

( = $F } area T ( I@F "< +$1$ Router G. =) F45 G. PPPT W /0% AFI 49
byte T{ =$ $. private ip gQ
Router = $F $. G. 0000.0c11.1111 $. byte l =$ $. system ID "! 2 /0% Ru
72 Router (IS) • #% , - NSAP X8! =) 2 5
I@F = $F $. gQHPPPT " ' NSAP h I! gQHPPPTHTTTTHTTTTHTTTTHPP
Router • #1 G. =) 7 + NSEL BW /0% Router (IS) = $F $. TTTTHTTTTHTTT

byte (TN C 5 $. PP C ' (
Router (IS) • #1 X`$5 F ' ( G. P C ' ( =$ =) Z%5 NSEL /01 B) Ru
$. =$ 5 " serial interface , B MAC address -' jF 5 ! /01 .) Ru

H , - System ID
Public ip address range !$F4 f $!) { L IF 4 !$F4 I5 _ =?< \ 4! Ru

special uses ip address range - privet ip address range
( =$! I Z j > f $!) L NSAP "< !$F4 I ISO |F ( j G Ru

H ". f $!W 3G. ISO 10589 standard
=) I@F n9! "< 5+$1$ Router (IS) *0#1) 7 =$ 5 =) Z%5 !) * $V 3G. "< # /0% Ru
area id I@F Router • #1 \ 4'5 =) 9 5 G. _ 7 I@F = $F n9! # =$ 5
!?< U 'I@F c B 6 LN Routing 4 $I5 =) Router (IS) • #1 5 5 F D # +$1$
H Level 2 IS L # q $I5
K 6 W C$' J Level 1 intra-area routing is based on system IDs Ru

Router • #1 7 D * $ I@F n9! 7B + Routers (ISs) *0#1) =$ 5 $. Routing
+ 9F e '- Router (IS) 7 , - System ID =$ 5 =) Z%5 * $ I@F n9! "< (IS)
Domain C$'
#84 \ 4' "! 2 C$' "< *+$1$ Routers (ISs) *0#1W 7 J Level 2 Routing Ru
H Domain C$' e '- system id =$ 5 =) Z%5 j G D 85) area Id ^5 _
Routing $I ) iG $. area id . system id. NSEL =) * ( .) Ruu
Level 1 Routing =$ 5 ! < I@F n9! area id = IS L ] '5 =) IS + ) >q< R
NET Addresses
( $. P C ' ( =$ NSEL 5 NSAP "< /01 1$5 !) I Fr Ru

NET $. G. P C 5 Router • #1 X`$5 F ' ( =) F ( • #% f$! k`$5
H Domain 7B + ISs *0#1) L7 LSP 7B + NET ( X` '5 R
^5 _ Router *0#1) m $I! F J subnetwork point of attachment (SNPA) Ru

( 9' 9! Router • #1 L * Ya "< -' 5 SNAP 5 1 \ 4 1$5 !?< Wan
-' j G D Router • #% , - Real ip 72 D Wan *+$1$ C BW *0#1W
L 3G. } ) 5) 0 " NET ) system id ) sub interface Mac address
H WAN Y 1$' 5)
IS-IS Routing Levels
H IS-IS 6$ $ 7B + Routing 9 '- f $!) r 2 ] 'F I G. "< Ru
X 2 ) :$`$ 'F F. IS-IS 6$ $ X Routing K f $!) r 2 Fr

Ru
H $V k `$
(inter area) mI< ^@F 7B + IS *0#1) =$ 5 J Level 1 Routing Ru
+ ) >L j > IS Level 1-2 • #1) 6 W C$' IS *0#1) =$ 5 J Level 1-2 Routing Ru
^_ F L] ' 6$x $. ABR 72 IS level 1-2 • #%< C B) I@F L ] '5 =L IS • #1
H C BW
*0#1) ". IS level 2 *0#1) IS level 1-2 *0#1) =$ 5 J Level 2 Routing Ru
Routing 4 $I " j > IS level 1-2 *0#1? , - NSAP < 4 iG 7 < Back bone
^_ F
L c ' =L = + •4 #84 X IS level 1-2 *0#1) 7 $' $I =) 5 j!) $. /01 B) Ru
C$' #!W j > #84 \ 4' =) X @' _ 7 IS level 1-2 x j > Level 2 IS
Level 2 Level 1 K 0
Level 2 Level 1-2 7 $' F ( F!L k`$ ' * $V Ru
•4 #84 X Level 1-2 7 $ k`$ # "' * $V Ru

Level 1-2 with level 2
Level 1-2 with level 1-2

Intra-Area and Interarea Addressing and Routing
addressing $I! e R inter area intra-area ] '! /0% G. "< Ru

H Routing
, - addressing =) C ! j G OSI model K 4 X 1 X '5 $. IS-IS 6$ $ Ru

area id I@F = $F4 , B $. NSAP address "< b01 6 ) =) %! hexadecimal 7 Y
H byte Tl =$ '5
n9! 7B + Routing K C intra routing "< system id -' 5 IS-IS 6$ $ Ru

\ 'BM 84 X I@F = $F ^ @' < D I@F n9! IS L Z.G packet }! >q< I@F
system id ^5 _ =$ I@F n9! Routing K j G system id "< 5 = $F4 "<
=5 ^5 _ D Area id ^5 _ C B) ^_ F L Routing K 4 $I5 IS-IS 6$ $ Ru

H " ' =$ 5 U Packet # "' K N
7 \ 4 (level 1-2 IS) x j > (level 1-2 IS) L (level 1 IS) packet Z.G R
Topology 7 Y \ 4' '5 " 5 "' LSDB #F 7 6+ '5 =L Z% < n 4 (level 2 IS)
(intra-area) #F /01 $. "' * ; -
H Topology # 1$ "' mI< I@F ) (inter-area ) \ 4 mI< "#< (level 1 IS) ) Ru
L Packet 6 q $I5 !?< B) ES (end system) L ] ' ES (end host) $I5 F Ru

area – ! I $I5 M ) Packet L Z.G' "' = $F4 \ 4' IS $I < level 1 IS & ()
- database 7B + system id p $I5 I@F n9! }! >q< Packet , - id
H L Packet 6 q $I5 r (Level 1 database)
n9! - area id ^ @5 M D Packet (NSAP) "< +$1$ = $F4 = >L ! 2 Ru
Level 1-2 IS L Packet 6 q D 5 default Route ^5 _ level 1 IS $I < I@F
$I5 5 ^ @ }! >q< IS level 1-2 *+$1$ Level 2 database 7B + p $I <
H Level 2 IS (back bone) L # q $I5 ^ @ M }! >L level 1-2 IS L # q
database 7B + 5 ^ @ M #!) % < area id ! I $I < R9 L ] ' 5 5 R7 6 2 Ru

level 1-2 IS f$! !W R5 L ^5 _ 78<) %5 " (R7) 5 "' database 7B + p $I <
$I < . %5 < 5 "' area id ! I $I5 level 1 database 7B + p R5 $I5 R

R9 L ^5 _ 78<) % 5 "' topology database level 2 database 7B + p
49.00CC L 7V R3 6 B ^5 _ 78<) =L %5 system id p $I <
Level 2 topology database 7B + '! I $I < 3 %5 < 5 = $F4 ! I $I5 R3 -

p "< system id -' 5 M R3 3G. < R1 6 B ^5 _ 78<) =L % -
49.00CC area id I@F = $F -' 5
7V5 " ^5 _ 78<) '-5 " Level 2 topology database 7B + 5 = $F4 ! I $I5 R1 R
R8 L 6 q $I < I@F 3G. L
Level 1 topology 7B + p $I < 5 = $F4 ^ @5 I@F = $F =L %5 R8 R

R9 L 7V5 " ^5 _ 78<) % D database
IS-IS 6$ $ 7B + Routing # ' "' I5 @ k`$5 1 6 2 G. Ru

IS-IS PDUs
$. PDU \ 4'! " D PDU ". 4! =L Z%5 IS-IS 6$ $ ] '! F Ru
H LSA 7 I "#< C BW KM$ $ "< # I
frame 6) \ 45 D PDU #!) IS-IS 6$ $ "< K ! * OSI model \ 45 Ru

packet (or datagram, in the IP environment) 85) \ 45 D data-link PDUs #!)
H Network PDU #!)
# , - encapsulation 7 Y $. G. PDU f $!) r 2 L 6 2 * $V "< C ! Ru

ES-IS IS-IS ] '5 F 7 "' K ! 7 D Router (is) • #1 c - F
H data-link frame 7 Y k V D encapsulation #9 [ '5
7B + * Y K! X` '5 ! < D ES-IS ) IS-IS Routing 4 $I! F Ru

HD data link layer frame
[ '5 7I G. U ' ( [' 7I N variable-length fields C$' 5 IS-IS PDU Ru

TVL 5 7I G. 7B + "' K ! f$! w ) ' (
H #'9 ‚ f$! n9F $I ospf 6$ $ "< LSA packet 72 . PDU '! =M) Ru
H #F 'F PDU f $!) 4 ) 1$5 R
D •4 #84 # $!) 7 ; "< *+$1$ *0#1W \ 4 . J Hello PDU

ES hello (ESH) # =$ 5 Router (IS) • #1 L hello 6 q ES $I5 F
# =$ 5 ES L hello Router (IS) • #1 7 5 F D
Router • #1 L Router • #1 7 5 F D Intermediate System Hello (ISH)
H IIH # =$ 5 hello
BK! -' . link-state information X5•$' $I 3G. J LSP

Router • #1 # 7 $ paths K
K! ' '5 F -' . J Partial sequence number PDU (PSNP)

‘I! +$1$ K ! 6 L *+ L Z _ '5 F 85) -' . acknowledge ;
request missing pieces of link-state information # <
0 ) Z _ '5 F -' . J Complete sequence number PDU (CSNP)

H Router (IS) • #1 LSDB
Link-State Packets
H LSPs 7b Router (IS) • #1 -' 5 e : ;5 /0% G. Ru
L V'B $. TLV LSP header 8'5 LSP 7B + e $ X`$ IS • #1 $I5 Ru

H variable-length fields
J LSP header C$' Ru
% PDU f$! RT
LSP ID RO
; # 1$5 M : %F ' !) ? . J LSP sequence number R{
H / #'! }( LSP ' ' M "I ' : ' }($ Ž g
J 7 TVL 6$I C$' Ru
network topology / F $I5 " j > D Routers (ISs) ! 1 . ŽT
ES ! 1 . ŽO
routing updates 5 $I "' Authentication information BK! Ž{
ip V4 -' 5 # < 1$5 = >L ; "< • #1 C , - ip address C$' Žg
H # k 5 ( G. sequence numbers 7 ( LSP C$' Ru

LSP ] -' 5 ! D ; p5 B) 5 Router • #1 =L R
; "< *+$1$ *0#1W " ; +$1 #'5 R
' 5 =L Router LSP • #1 LSP "< *+$1$ sequence number 3G. Ru

5 ( LSP K ! C$' 3G. = < T #' ( ' >q< 5 ( K $ 4
}#'! ( 4 3G. =L '4 ) p5 ' |'F5 LSA < "#'F 4 }( 1$5 = Ru

H ! r 1200 ' ( LSP , B 4 }( 1$ <
D . ;F ( iG Router • #1 # "' ; K $4 C$' LSP 7 Ru
D LSP header } *+$1$ =$ "' TLV 6$I 7B + *+$1$ =$ K $ 4 3G.
# k TVL 6$I / F x . Code, Length, Value (CLV). TVL L ;5
7 PDU 7B + 7 5 =L IS-IS 6$ $ L k 5 iG $. G. 9 '- ( 7 =)
H $# 7 #F 7 X 7 4' k 5 IPV6 IPV4
Implementing IS-IS in NBMA Networks
Nonbroadcast Multiple Access "< IS-IS 6$ $ : ; $IF I G. "< Ru

Designated Intermediate System (DIS) $. ] 'F D Network
point-to-point Broadcast . IS-IS 6$ $ "< K ; mI< $! 1$5 Ru

H / Y =L #F 7 "< IS-IS 6$ $ 7 9 : ; $IF
broadcast : ; $IF point-to-point broadcast … 9 4! J Ru

ABR ( area boarder router ) # $I5 • #1 1$5 ospf 6$ $ "< !) 4! F R
inert-area C BW ^_ F L] ' 6$x 5 #F @I! $. =$ 5 =L ' # $.
7( F( $. C BW ^_ F L ] '5 =L ' # =$ Router (IS) • #1 IS-IS -' 5 j G
$. $#9 j5 =$ 5 =L 7 ( F Fr "! 2 6 W = 5$' =$ 5 =L Z%5
^_ F ] ' 6$x IS • #1 5 D k `$ 2 ) * $V F ] 'F FF Level 1-2 IS
7B + "< *+$1$ *0#1W 7 X LSDB level 1 6+ Ž Designated IS (DIS) C BW
• #1 X ISs level 1 *0#1) X 1 synchronize 0 '5 j G IIH ^5 _ j > * $ I@F
&$ ) -' ! F< j G LAN interface ^5 _ *0#1W 3G. m $I! s DIS
^5 _ IIH (IS-IS hello) 7b L f ' '5 3G. "< ! \ 4! broadcast
H multicast
Wan Y m -' ! j G F< Point-To-point m "< &$ ) -' ! F >L Ru

G. 5 >L IS level 2 =$ 5 = W Z s "< $. (DIS) , B • #1 wan "< 1$5 85)
IS level 1-2 =$ 5 =L C$'
C$' Router (IS) • #1 $. DIS =) M ) !) C ! D I * $V ] 'F Ru
H Level 1-2 IS
K! $( $! 5 Router (IS) • #1 $. J Level 1-2 IS $. Ru
5 =$ 5 D area 1 #F 6$x $. "' I@F , B 6 W f$F D 2 kind of database
I ' 'I@F n9! "< *+$1$ *0#1W "( X 0' 4 $I5 I@F 3G# - LSDB
H *0#1W 7 X I @ Database
7V' iG Router IS • #1 ) next hob # < 1$5 . Level 2 B K ! * ( ! r Ru
#F /01 $. "' Wan 1 - ; * $ 5 85) C B) I@F "< * Y
Z%5 =$ 5 # +$1$ $. "' I@F ) LAN area 7V' iG Interface =L 4! =) Z%5 Ru
H " 4 ^ @' /01 "< F ] 'F ) ^5 _ j > 6 W C$' ! 3 5 ' $I! =L
Level 2 3 $' 5 ' $I! 1 - ; @ 5 iG interface 85) Ru
n9! "< Router 2 ) 1$5 = >L level highest priority ^5 _ DIS 'B '5 Ru
k V5 #5) 'B #F 7 89' IS-IS 6$ $ $I5 e < Level 1-2 C$' n9! # I@F
*0#1) 7 priority ( " Z Router 'B ^5 _ j> I F ( D DIS
3G. 789! =L !+ ) >L j G default ` '< ( . priority (64) ( n9! # Router
/0% "< I5 @ 3G. \ 4'F 5 5 priority ( X`$ $I! =L Z%5 •4 #84 *0#1W
H" 4
7 *0#1W 7 j G OSPF "< 1$5 IS-IS 6$ $ "< BDR ) DR 1$5 M Ru
DIS • #1 X synchronize
H IS-IS 6$ $ "< ASBR 1$5 M Ru
isis priority number-value [level-1 | level-2]. J priority "< '5 iG W 7 Y Ru

H TOz L P ) priority (
Level 2 IS F. ] 'F Ru
mI< B database C$' IS-IS 6$ $ "< Backbone ". J Level 2 IS Ru

7 4' "#< Level 1 and 2 B K ! * ( # Level 1-2 ISs =) F ( < Level 2 ISs
level 2 database and level 2 interface X
7B + p $I5 r M1 L PDU 6 q $I5 =L Z%5 R4 L ] '5 =L R1 + ) >L 72 Ru

( ! I p ' < #84 X inter-area ] ' F ! 7( F( - Database
$I < SPF K • $B -' ^5 _ R4 L ^5 _ 78<) M1 %5 =) 4 area id I@F
L PDU 6 q
K! * ( Level 1-2 IS C$' # V' "' *0#1W Level 2 IS =L Z%5 Ru

# V' "' wan * $ . F =$ ' level 2 database -
7 7 $ =L Z%5 #F _ ' - ! v F. =$ 5 ' 2 Router level 2 IS v F. =$ 5 =L 7895 Ru

; "< 7@ ] 5 =L = "! 2 • #% 7 45 . "< 7@ ] >L ' FrM BW *0#1W
; 7B + K [' & 4 ' IS-IS 6$ $ F. 0 '5
7 Y 6$ $ G. 7 $V F5 =$ 5 ' C B) * b0% 3G. ] '! =L Z%5 =

6$I5 " 4 /0% K I @ "< :$` 2 ) I5 @ C B) * #F ] 'F # 7 45 "' ;
H " 4 /0% "< #84 X Z k`$ ^9' / 01W 7 =) 1>' W
LSP and IIH Levels
LAN (broadcast) 7 "< LSP and IIH 7b f $!) ] 'F /0% G. "< Ru
Point-To-Point
f$! 7V9 $I5 LSP , IIH $! -' $I5 IS • #1 7 J Level 1 and Level 2 LSP Ru
L 7V mI< 7b Level 1 IS L mI< 7V 7b 3G. 1$5 ! p #84 7b 3G.
H Level 2 IS
;F DIS $I5 F ! F4 3G. Pseudo 5$ ' IS Route $I5 Ru

1 - ; ) level 1 B ; K ! X`$ $I < link-state information
pseudo code code 7B + ; : Y X`$ $I < LSP 3G. %' 5) L Z Level 2
pseudo code 7 Y k`$ * $ 3G. % [ 7Y $.
". ' # ' # ". \ 4! pseudo code 7B + &$' $. #9! =L F &$ @ n Ru

link state information (LSP) 7B + "' K $ 4 : Y
IS *0#1) ! 1 LSP ;F DIS (IS) $I5 intra-area =$ s LAN Y "< Ru
C$' j > #F (synchronization) 0 '5 ' IIH PDUs #F 7b 3G. $ + '5
Level 1 IS
area-id ^5 _ ! 1 ISs #45•$ IIH PDUs 7b f$! 7V9 DIS (IS) • #1 $I5 Ru
- area-id ! I DIS $I < DIS L LSP PDU 6 q 'I@F n9! IS ( >q<
Level 1 database - K ! * ( "< #|9 $I < C B) I@F 3G. 7. 45 "
#84 \ 4' '5 level 1 is C$' IIH PDUs f$! n9F # + $I5 r
IIH , LSP , PSNP , CSNP 7b 6+
#4 7 4' $I5 level 2 is 7b 3G. =L 0 ' $I < F e '- area-id = }! >L ) R
level O IS C$' I I5 @ n9F
*0#1) # + '5 "' 7b ". IIH (IS-IS hello) 7b J Level 1 and Level 2 IIH Ru
LSDB 6+ $I5 r neighbors = 1 k V #84 \ 4' " Routers
7b 3G. 6+ '5 U kVF5 MN }($ G. [ 5 "! $r TP 7 # + '5 7b 3G.
B 1$5 D Level 1 and level 2 ' ' "< j > multicasts to a multicast ^5 _
H V< % G. '45 * '9 3G. "< hello ' '5 = ! r {P * Hold time
unicast address ^5 _ Point-To-Pint "< hello PDUs 7b 6+ '5 Ru
Comparing Broadcast and Point-to-Point Topologies
8 point-to-point broadcast ! I C ! I * $V "< Ru

DIS -' 5 5) Dpseudo code B + 4 D }($ + D f$! 7 # < -' 5 "' ; f$!
Hello 7b f$!
LSDB Synchronization
H LSDB synchronization K ! $( 0 ] 'F /0% G. "< Ru
link state information 7b ;! $I IS-IS 6$ $ 7B + update p5 ' Ru

H domain 7B + LSPs
! 1 L C B) * . ;! 3 1 LSP 6 I' Router IS • #1 $I5 Ru

H F 3G. 6 I' iG %
7B + . ;! '5 level 2 f$! 7b intra-area 7B + . ;! '5 level 1 f$! 7b Ru

Back bone area
, - system id … ) '5 7b 3G. - LSP 7b 5$ ' $I5 IS • #1 7 Ru

) 5 fragment number starting at 0 7 X`$ r D #F5$ ' ( iG Router (is)
P C B) * ( ' ) 5 TVL 7I "< 4` 5 ( " L ( ' 7 >L P ( '
Level 2 - K! * ( level 1 - LSDB ( 9' IS-IS • #1 $I5 Ru
^5 _ PDU ‘ 9 $I5 LSP PDU IS ' 5 F J LSP PDU ' Ru

D ( G. ! I $I5 ' ( B) 7 ( ( checksum ‘ <
H # :$ }($ K 4 LSP C •< $I5
LSDB Synchronization
6$ ?'5 " J Sequence number PDUs (SNPs) IS-IS 6$ $ -' 5 Ru

. 3G. $! v F. D LSDB K ! * ( k V' $I5 " LSPs
Broadcast , point-to-point 7 "< $F 5G. -' 5 D CSNP and PSNP
7b 3G. "< 1$5 frame 7 Y n9! $ -' 5 J CSNPs and PSNPs 7b Ru

C$' CNSP =L $F 5G. … 9 D summarized LSP information
C$' PSNP )DK! * I C$' summaries of all LSPs in the LSDB
/01 mI< F 7 PSNP x j > LSDB [ /01 subset of LSP entries
H LSDB
Level 1 or level 2 IS "! 2 ) 6 W C$' "< / $ -' PSNP CSNP 7b Ru

# Z Router • #1 LSDB I @ $I5 " CNSP 7b 6+ IS-IS 6$ $ $I5 Ru
H ; "< *0#1W X 1 X 6+ ' $I5 iG $. DIS
?'5 ' LAN C$' "! $r TP 7 * '< 6 B "< multicast I5 @ CSNP 7b 7 Ru

H I @ *0#1W X 1 =L DIS
DIS $I5 CSNP K 9 C L 6 I' "< A@B +$1 "< J PSNP 7b -' '5 Ru
H # _ L # q
LSDB 6+ '5 LINK up =$ F CSNP 7b 6+ '5 J point-to-point "< Ru

H Level 1-2 or level 2 IS with level 1-2 is C$' DIS C$'
C$' / $ LAN "< *+$1$ *0#1W 7 DIS • #1 CSNP 7b 6+ '5 Ru
#'I @ '5 ' LSDB 6+ '5 multicast ^5 _ # + '5 Level 1 or Level 1-2 IS
H *0#1W 7
4 Link up =$ F . mI< * * Point-To-Point C$' CSNP 6+ '5 Ru

'5 /01 C "< ‘I! 1 >L network topology \ 4' '5 ' LSP 7b 6+ '5 j >
H PSNP 7b 6+ Z _
IS level 1 7b ( 9' IS *0#1) $I LAN C$' IIH PDU 7b 6+ '5 Ru
9 '- K ! * ( "< 7b f$! 7 X`$ $I5 D level 1-2 IS =) p IS level 2 7b
H C$' Z
Configuring Basic Integrated
IS-IS
* $V k`$5 " 4 X@I 7 X85 iG 6$ $ "< " 4 /0% L 7V! Ru

H 6$ $
Integrated IS-IS in a CLNS Environment
mI< $I5 Router • #1 = >L ' CLNS addressing -' ! =) Z%5 !) k`$5 /0% G. Ru
H ip routing
4 $I5 C0 , - /0% =) Student Guide # ' "< Cisco Y : ; /0% G. "< Ru

NET $. # +$1$ $. "' I@F Router • #1 + 5 iG Router (IS) • #1 e5 4
*+$1$ interfaces Route • #1 e5 4' mI< $. (49.0001.1111.1111.1111.00)
D #84 X Routers 5• #1 m 72 #'9 ‚$ $I " ip address L c ' Router • #1
Z%5 !) 85) & ' 6$I5 D * ) I5 @ ip addressing X 7 45 IS-IS 6$ $ =) ?'! F.
level 2 IS ) level 1 IS X 7 45 $. 7. D -' F iG interface XI5 5) + ! =)
H IS-IS 6$ $ -' B) 6$ $ C -' "< # … 9 $. G. D level 1-2 IS )
j > 4 (hello protocol data unit PDUs) ^5 _ •4 #84 X ISs *0#1W \ 4 '5 Ru
H NET address & $I " SPF 7 [;' IS • #1 $I5
G. = >) 5 ' $I5 " \ 4' iG NET address ! I IS • #1 7 $I5 j > 4 Ru

H 9 '- I@F = >L ) same area 'I@F n9! • #%
"< *+$1$ ISs *0#1) "( L default Route 6 q level 1-2 C$' IS • #1 $I5 Ru
7V =) X @' e *0#1W 3G. \ 4 j G level 1 C$' "' same AREA 'I@F n9!
H C BW ^_ F "< *+$1$ *0#1W L
) \ 4' ^5 _ 7 L K X`$ IS • #1 7 $I5 LSDB 0 6+ '5 =) 4 Ru
Level 1-2 IS & ( L best path ^5 _ 78<) 'B $I5 r metric for each path < 4!
$I5 w W G. ORT ) O ) T C$' = >L $! \ 4' IS • #1 7 $I5 Ru

Level 1 , B (D ( L LSDB 7V9 $I5 TRO C$' = >q< LSDB -'
H Level 2 , B (
3G. 7 45 D link-state packets (LSPs) 7B + ip address IS-IS 6$ $ d9' 5 Ru

#F # Routing table p5 j G D ES (end-system)(PC) = $F #!)
H LSDB 6+ 72 } partial route calculation (PRC) b01 '4
&$ @ ip address G. L 78<) 5 ' $I5 partial route calculation (PRC) Ru

H L 6$ $
Configuring Integrated IS-IS
H ) 7 X # -' ! "' W : ;! 6$ $ 2 ? $IF 7 ( !+$4

H ) 2 ) L 7I'F! r mI< Router 5• #1 -' 6$ $ m 6 2 $IF M ) Ru
H GNS3 E ! -' $IF Ru
J " ' 6 % "< *+$1$ K! # X8! mI< Routers 5• #1 -' $IF Ru
Router interface Ip address IS-IS NET address

IS0 S0/0 TQOHTlyHTHT gQHPPPTHTTTTHTTTTHTTTTHPP
IS1 S0/0 TQOHTlyHTHO gQHPPPOHOOOOHOOOOHOOOOHPP
H K+ a X` IS P • #1 6$B $IF =M) Ru
*- IS0(config)#interface serial 0/0

*- IS0(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
*- IS0(config-if)#no shutdown
*- IS0(config-if)#clock rate 9600
*- IS0(config-if)#ip router isis
$. 5 1 mI< ) C$ %! I K+ a "< Ru
"< -' 5 M mI< IS • #1 \ 45 Net address =) 7 ( ! > J W G. -' : Y Ru

L ip address X`$ F ( w W G. # -' ' "' interfaces \ 4
$IF interface 6) G. =) IS-IS 6$ $ -5 " ^ W X`$ F ( r interface S0/0
-' B) 6$ $ Router • #1 =$ 5 =) !W G. IS-IS 6$ $ X -'
H 4 7 4' "' interfaces + 5 !W IS-IS 6$ $ K0 W G. IS-IS 6$ $ s
H IS-IS 6$ $ 7[;! " router configuration 6$B $IF ! r Ru
*- IS0(config)#router isis
*- IS0(config-router)#net 49.0001.1111.1111.1111.00
*- IS0(config-router)#is-type level-1-2
J . *51 ) { F -' I W "< J I W $ % : Y Ru

IS-IS 6$ $ -' $IF F!L Router • #1 L 6$I5 ^ W Ru

!$F4"< CLNS -' 5 IS-IS 6$ $ =) 7 ( ! > J^ W Ru

7 + 5 iG net address $. G. net address -' CLNS =)
UgQN privet range or public range $. 7. = $F4 G. XI5 5) , - /0% M ) R
area T I@F "< ! C ! UPPPTN $. area-id + 5 iG , - /0% ! r R
(1111.1111.1111) $. system-id + 5 iG /0% 2 r R
/0% G. UPPN $. PC ) Router • #1 = >L net address G. 7 f$! + 5 iG /0% 4 R
9 C 5 b+
/0% "< Mac address X` '5 s @ # net address X` =L C ! Ru

H system-id , -
$. BW W Ru
$I! e C B) 2 ) "< C F Router • #% , - C$' level + 5 iG W $. G. Ru

Router G. L level 1-2 C$' 5 ' F ( F!L F. C ! D interface 7 level C$' 5 '
H ' K+ a X`$ $I! IS 1 • #1 6$B $IF =M) Ru
*- IS0(config)#interface serial 0/0

*- IS0(config-if)#no shutdown
*- IS0(config-if)#clock rate 9600
system-id area-id I@F [' F ( mI< I W "< * 2 K [' I! F!) C ! Ru

H interface S0/0 ip 4 _
-' W IS 0 • #1 neighbor = 1 . e;' ! " ' W -' =M) $IF R

J $.
uRIS0#show clns neighbors
clns ip [ mI< KM$ $ 7 "< -' 72 C+ ) ! ^ W "< C ! Ru

H net addressing 6$x $.
interface 6 B \ 4' IS1 $. 1 \ ;' ! I * $V "< C ! Ru

> Z \ M j G I! F!L X HDLC m I5 _ 6 B \ 4' !L S0/0
• I5 @ 3G. #‚)
H IS-IS -' 6$ $ D ! r hold time 21 + C ! state "up" C !
IS-IS 6$ $ "< -' F ( iG interface serial 0/0 ‘b VB #‚q $I " ' W Ru
*-IS0#show clns interface serial 0/0
circuit * b f$! $. circuit type :level 1-2 = IS-IS $. -' 6$ $ =L C ! Ru

interface C$' + ! =L < 9! interface f$! , B $. I \ 4'F ) $.
H ORT ) O ) T C$' = >L
interface G. 6 B \ 4' iG % , - system-id C ! Ru

TP † G# - metric C ! Ru
IS-IS -' 6$ $ - 7 9' . ;! " " ' W -' F Ru
*- IS0#show clns protocol
system-id C ! Router • #1 -' ‘b V- 7 I * $V "< . ;! Ru

6$ $ 7( -' interface 6) C ! area-id 49.0001 C ! D 1111.1111.1111.00
level-1-2 Ž Router • #1 -' 5 iG level C$' C ! D serial 0/0 $. IS-IS
H 6$ $ "< -' database C$' . ;! " " ' W -' F Ru
*- IS0#show isis database
• #1 $I5 e $. #F p5 6 _ "' # / YW AY I * $V "< . ;! Ru

level 2 LSP level 1 LSP , B h01 b01 L LSDB I Router
5 ( ) * 5 1 ". 7. LSP ‘ < '5 B iG ( $. J LSP seq num 85) %! Ru
H hold time %! D " ( ( #!) %!
J 6$ $ - topology . ;! " " ' W -' F Ru
*- IS0#show isis topology
,B ( level 1 ,B (D ( L topology ( ! I * $V "< . ;! Ru

H Level 2
H routing table ,- W $. -' '5 ) .) L " ?! =M) Ru
*- IS0#show clns route
H 6$ $ - routing table I * $V "< . ;! Ru

# X8! loop back interface 1 and 2 < `q $I! IS 1 6$B =M) $IF Ru
ip address 172.30.2.1 255.255.255.0 Ip address 172.30.1.1 2 255.255.255.0
*- IS1(config)#interface loopback 1
*- IS1(config-if)#interface loopback 2
IS-IS 6$ $ 7B + interface -' ,- W F! M =L Z%5 Ru
H W % '! . ;! IS 1 6$B =M) $IF Ru
H routing table 7B + loop back interfaces X` ! %! Ru
H - routing table . ;! IS 0 L =M) Z.GF Ru
IS-IS † iL2 f$! #!L loop back interfaces L ; * 5 1 route $#‚ ! %! Ru

H 9 '- I@F ? #!) j > F4 Level 2
) -' ! ' IS 1 • #1 loop back interface 3 and 4 < `q $IF Ru
J"5 loop back interface < `q $IF Route summarization
*- IS1(config)#interface loopback 3
*- IS1(config-if)#interface loopback 4
summarization 7 ( routing table . ;! " IS 0 • #1 < `a 4 =M) $IF Ru
IS-IS 6$ $ K+ L 7B + j > route summarization X`$ =M) $IF Ru

H IS 1
*-IS1(config-router)#summary-address 172.30.0.0 255.255.0.0
F!L \ 'B B) 6$ $ C "< route summarization "< -' ! iG W n9! ! C ! Ru

H wild mask 6 sub net mask -' !
H % 'F . ;! " IS 0 L =M) Z.GF Ru
H : %F summarization 7 ! %! Ru
-' ! j > 2 ) L 7I'F! F ' 4 7 4' 7# 6$ $ =L ! . Y F!) =M) I' Ru

H 7# 6$ $ G. X 7 4' =) %F *0#1) + # <
62 G. "< 1 0 ! =) $1 Routers *0#1) { * 3G. -' F B) 6 2 L =M) 7I'FF Ru
H&' 6 W /0% ''-! /0% G. "< 6 2 B) !W
H GNS3 E ! -' F Ru
6 % "< *+$1$ K! -' $IF 7 ( !+$4 Ru
Router interface Ip address IS-IS NET address

IS0 S0/0 TQOHTlyHTHO gQHPPPTHPPPP.0000.0001.00
Loop 1 TzOH{PHTHT
Loop 2 TzOH{PHOHT
Loop 3 TzOH{PH{HT
IS1 S0/0 TQOHTlyHTHT gQHPPPTHPPPPHPPPPHPPPOHPP
S0/1 TyPHTlPHTHT
IS2 S0/0 TyPHTlPHTHO gQHPPPOHPPPPHPPPPHPPP{HPP
IS0 level 1 H K+ a X`$ $I! IS0 • #1 6$B $IF =M) Ru
*-IS0(config)#router isis
*-IS0(config-router)#net 49.0001.0000.0000.0001.00
*-IS0(config-router)#is-type level-1
*-IS0(config)#interface serial 0/0

*-IS0(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
*-IS0(config-if)#no shutdown
*-IS0(config-if)#clock rate 9600
*-IS0(config-if)#ip router isis
*-IS0(config-if)#isis circuit-type level-1
LSP f$! =) + 5 =) $. F 5[ W G. J isis circuit type $. F. 3 ! iG 5 % W Ru

H level T C$' mI< ". #4 7 4' ' "'
*-IS0(config)#interface loopback 1
*-IS0(config-if)#interface loopback 2
*-IS0(config-if)#interface loopback 3
IS level 1-2 D - K+ a X8! IS1 6$B $IF =M) Ru
*-IS1(config-router)#is-type level-1-2

*-IS1(config-if)#isis circuit-type level-1
7I! ' circuit f$! interface s0/0 =L 2 ) F k8'5 K + a ^ /0% "< Ru

I@F 3G. L O C$' 7b 7I! L 1 M !W j > mI< level T C$' LSP 7b
W G. X` ! d ! D T C$' is C$ area T I@F "< 1$5 M !) p
H 6$ $ K + L 7B + n interface

*-IS1(config-if)#isis circuit-type level-2-only
7V' interface !W j > level 2 only 7b 6+ ' ! serial 0/1 e5 4 /0% G. "< Ru
H B) level LSP 6 L 1 < IS level 2 only
IS 2 level 2 only Ž IS2 - K+ a X`$ =M) $IF Ru
*-IS2(config-router)#is-type level-2

*-IS2(config-if)#isis circuit-type level-2-only
H ^_ F *0#1W ( 4 k`$ "' W t 4' =M) $IF K + a X`$ F ( =L 4 Ru
W -' =M) $IF Ru

*-show clns route
49.0001 . # 7V' I@F + 5 =) X @' 5 IS0 =) C ! Ru
W -' $IF IS0 Ru

*-show ip route
level ORT C$' !W M ) IS1 ^5 _ default route IS0 I !) F k8'5 F. Ru

H C BW ^_ F "( L area PPPT I@F $ c - '45 DIS !W ! r
W -' F 2 r Ru
- show isis database
C$' ! C ! mI< Level 1 C$' kV ' LSDB 5 !) C ! =) X @' ! F. Ru

mI< 6 W C$' LSP
W -' ! IS1 L & .G =M) $IF Ru
- show clns neighbors
\ 4' interface 7 5 ' ( ! IS2 and IS0 C 5 =L X @' 5 ! C ! F. Ru

# ' $I "' 7b C$' 5 ' 7( F ( w W G. interface G. 7V'
H interface G.
W -' F IS1 85) Ru

-show ip route
: %F IS1 L 7V #F5$ ' F ( "' loop back interfaces 7 6 V5L IS0 =) C ! Ru
W -' F IS1 Ru
-show isis database
C$' 5 /01 7 b01 L LSDB } I! ( level ORT C$' !W IS1 =) C ! Ru

H mI< , - C$' K $4
mI< O C$' $. IS2 L =M) 7I'FF Ru
W -' $IF Ru
- show isis database
H level 2 mI< O C$' ". IS2 - LSDB =) C ! Ru

W -' $IF IS2 Ru
-show ip route
H : %F IS1 Route 7 7 I' 5 IS2 =) C ! F. Ru
&' 6 W /0% "#'F! F. L
CCNP
BSCI
&' "! 2 /0% "< ! / Y =) : ; "< }I< =$ ) =) $1 )
&' / 01) 7 "< 4 ! ! 4' M
b +k "! G =L $1
4; K0 . L +$
M_el_share@yahoo.com
&' +V
RBuilding Scalable Cisco Internetworks Student Guide R
RWikipedia website R
RCBT nuggets R
!" #$
%&' ( )*+ , -.
(13-4-2009)

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BSCI *+ , - $. /01 .) 2 3 '45 /01 6 ) $. CCNP $ % # &' ()

Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol

Open Shortest Path First

(IS-IS) Intermediate System-to-System

) B) routing 6) "< -' KM$ $ EIGRP 6$ $ =L \ 4!

"< =$ ';5 b ,c A , b ,c F5 = >L F4 backup routes6) B -' 5 !) R

6 % 3G. 6 ) ! 1 F 6 V M K ! d9 6 1 2 ) 5$ ' EIGRP

NEXT-HOP ROUTER INTERFACE

"< multicast 6) &$ ) -' 5 ! "< C BW KM$ $ "( eigrp 6$ $ e '-5

$I5 F =$ '5 6 % G. TOPOLOGY 6) 6 1 $. EIGRP 6$ $ !$ 5 iG "! 2 6 %

Advertised Distance and Feasible Distance

Active and Passive State

! " #$ " % "&%

6$ $ =L \ 4 =L Z%5 ! 1 F 6 V 7b B EIGRP +,-)

[ "< 85) p5 ' -' 5 r routing table 6) C$' . : Update

3G. "< !?< successor " b mB 6 ) ! I< "< 6$ $ # -' 5 . JQuery

EIGRP 6$ $ ^5 _ 7 4' M L %' M # < =$ 5 "' . J Reply

H routing table "< #4` ( # %' M ( p5 ' =L ? . J ACK

Routing Topology Table Neighbor Table 6) F t 4 "' W \ 4'F

p \ ) %F route 7 Z! % Eigrp6 - routing table 6) F t 4 ^ W Ru

R1#show ip eigrp neighbors

R1#show ip eigrp traffic

Updates 6) 7b + I' hello 6) 7b + F t 4 ^ W Ru

7b n - 7 Y 7 ; "' * $V 3G# w G. ''B) =L Z )

6) 7 %5 " metric 6) K '45 Eigrp 6$ $ =L ^ w "< Fr

e 4` /0% G. : Y = >L e ) D * I4 4< #!W + 4 3G. : Y =L X @' e W X Ru

EIGRP Implementing and Verifying

Router 2 S1/0 TQOHTly.1.2 /24

Router { S1/0 TQOHTlyHOHO /24

F5 1$5 Eigrp 6$ $ + 7 F iG $5 F 7 Y < #|5 k `$ 7 Y F5 1$5 Ru

W +I @ < T V' *0#1W M loopback interface X` jF 5 ) Ru

" V'B BBRL ) [' $IF r 1 6$B $IF M ) D Ru

5$. " 5 iG ( ) eigrp 6$ $ -' F F!L - ^ W R

BBR (config) #router eigrp 2

R1 BBR" Autonomous system number ~ ) ( X`$ F ( I W "<

BBR (config) #router eigrp 1

advertising 7 4 $I =L 5 iG interface 6) ) v $'! 6 , - W X`$ $IF Ru

BBR (config-router) #network 192.168.1.0

v $'! .) 3G. advertising 7 4 $IF interface ) v $'! 6 ) X`$ F ( ^ W "< Ru

BBR (config-router) #network 192.168.1.0 0.255.255.255

BBR , - serial P€P 6) interface 6) =) t '9F < D * VI } $. n G.

BBR (config) #router eigrp 1

7 advertising 7 4 $I < class A ip G. =) I'4 BBR =) =$ ' % 'F Ru

TPHTPHTHP v $'F X5•$' $I < . 5 routing table 6) X5•$' $I W G. Ru

GB?F }($ n9! "< Z *0 #!) #F G! =) Z% < auto-summary 6) B ! > F!) Ru

Router (config-router) #network 172.30.1.0

DCodes: P - Passive, a - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply

P 192.168.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 20512000

IP-EIGRP Topology Table for AS 3 % '! F #|5 =) %! M ) % 'F C !

auto-summary 6) B =$ ' < interface 2) B ip 6) 3G. }! >) Ru

BBR (config-router) #no auto-summary

X { 7 ' K+ a X`$ =M) $IF F5 iG " `$' 7 ; 7 F >L Ru

BBR (config) #router eigrp 1

R2 (config) #router eigrp 1

R3 (config) #router eigrp 1

DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP 1: Neighbor 192.168.1.2 (Serial1/0) is up ƒ

" ' W Z' ! BBR router L =M) Z.GF Ru

BBR # show ip eigrp neighbors

TQOHTlyHOHO TQOHTlyHT.2 ! 1 Fr) \ 4 !) %F Ru

2 successors 6 V I5 _ 2 ) ip address 10.0.0.0 6) ; =) %F Ru

routing table 6) "< mI< ^5 _ k ) TPHPHPHP ; L & .G ^5 @ =) d ! Ru

L TOy serial interface 1/0 6) 7B + bandwidth 6) [' F ( F!) [' G. "< Z Ru

f 9 + 4' -8 K ; "< -' 5 s $. I4 KM$ $ ospf 6$ $ '45 Ru