SULIT

KOLEJ UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL KEBANGSAAAN MALAYSIA PEPERIKSAAN SEMESTER 1 SESI 2006/2007 FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRIK KOD MAT A PELAJARAN MATA PELAJARAN PENYELARAS KURSUS MASA TARIKH BEKE 2533 PEMACU & PENGGERAK ELEKTRIK MOHD ARIFF BIN MAT HANAFIAH BEKE 2 JAM 23 NOVEMBER 2006

ARAHAN KEPADA CALON : (1) Kertas soalan ini mengandungi ENAM (6) soalan, TIGA (3) di BAHAGIAN A dan TIGA (3) di BAHAGIAN B (2) Jawab mana-mana DUA (2) soalan dari BAHAGIAN A dan mana-mana DUA (2) soalan dari BAHAGIAN B (3) Markah keseluruhan bagi peperiksaan ini ialah 100 markah. Setiap soalan bernilai 25 markah. KERT AS SOALAN INI TERDIRI DARIP ADA TUJUH BELAS (17) MUKA SURAT (TERMASUK MUKA SURA T HADAPAN)

SULIT

SULIT (BEKE 2533) BAHAGIAN A

SOALAN 1

Motor arus terus lebih popular digunakan dalam industri bilamana kawalan kelajuan dan kedudukan beban yang lebih tepat diperlukan. Motor ini juga memberikan daya kilas permulaan yang tinggi dan arah pusingan yang mudah diubahsuaikan.

a)

Namakan tiga (3) jenis asas motor arus terus dan lukiskan gambarajah skematiknya. (10 markah)

b)

Kirakan pemalar bagi motor arus terus jenis pirau, Kemfdan KT menggunakan parameterparamater berikut: VDC = 120 V RF=700n Kuasa = 114hp RA=7.5n (12 markah) Arus = 1.8A Kelajuan = 1,600 psm

c)

Terangkan secara ringkas operasi motor arus terus jenis majmuk.

(3 markah)

[25 markah]

-2-

SULIT

SULIT (BEKE 2533)

SOALAN2

Motor arus ulang-alik adalah sangat luas penggunaannya secara komersial dan untuk applikasi industri kerana penjanaan dan bekalan kuasa ulang-alik telah sedia ada. Ia menukarkan tenaga elektrikal kepada tenaga mekanikal yang menghasilkan putaran mekanikal bagi menjalankan pelbagai jenis kerja.

a)

Terangkan secara ringkas operasi dua (2) jenis motor pernula-pemuat dengan bantuan gambarajah skematik yang sesuai.

(10 markah)

b)

Tentukan nilai kelajuan putaran motor arus ulang-alik yang mempunyai 6 kutub dan frekuensi masukan 50-Hz. Tentukan gelincir (slip) apabila motor tersebut berputar pada putaran 850 psm tanpa beban. Apakah nilai peratusan gelinciran motor tersebut?

(10 markah)

c)

Lakarkan gambarajah bagi motor arus ulang-alik jenis pemula rintangan. Nyatakan satu (1) kelebihan dan kekurangan motor jenis ini. (5 markah)

[25 markah]

-3-

SULIT

SULIT (BEKE 2533) SOALAN3

Mesin digunakan untuk menukarkan tenaga ke dalam pelbagai bentuk yang berbeza dan menghantar tenaga tersebut. Mesin ini biasanya terdiri daripada beberapa jenis mekanisma yang berbeza. Mekanisma adalah peranti yang mengubah daya gerakan masukan kepada daya gerakan keluaran. Penymabung, sesondol, gear dan takal adalah contoh mekanisma.

a) Berikan definasi istilah-istilah di bawah (gunakan gambarajah jika diperlukan).

i) ii)

Gerakan menghayun Gerakan timbal-balik

iii) Gerakan memutar (10 markah)

b)

Lakarkan deretan roda-sawat majmuk bagi sistem yang mempunyai empat (4) roda sawat, A, B, C dan D. Tentukan nisbah keseluruhan roda-sawat sekiranya pemacu utama, A

mempunyai 40 gigi, B 80 gigi, C 72 gigi dan roda pemacu terakhir, 0 mempunyai 144 gigi. (5 markah)

c)

Satu sistem takal yang mudah mempunyai bebanan 2 kN dan ianya bertindak sejauh 20 mm daripada sangganya. Daya (effort) adalah 200 mm daripada sangga. Andaikan kecekapan adalah 100%, tentukan daya (effort) itu. (6 markah)

d)

Nyatakan empat (4) jenis gear dan contoh kegunaannya. (4 markah) [25 markah]

-4-

SULIT

SULIT

(BEKE 2533) BAHAGIANB

SOALAN 4

Selinder terendah

pneumatik hinggalah

kebiasaannya ke peringkat

digunakan

dalam applikasi

yang dayanya

adalah

dari yang yang sistem

yang sederhana

dan tidak memerlukan dengan

kawalan

kelajuan

tepat. Komponen-komponennya hidraulik.

lebih murah berbanding

komponen-komponen

a)

Lukiskan

simbol bagi injap kawalan arah jenis 4/2 hal a dan 512 hala. (5 markah)

b)

Lakar dan terangkan cylinder).

secara ringkas operasi

kawalan

silinder

dua tindakan

(double-acting

(8 markah)

c)

Sebuah pintu garaj beroperasi butang selinder semula. penekan, pengawal Lukiskan S, ditekan,

menggunakan lampu

selinder dua tindakan isyarat menyala.

(double-acting).

Apabila operasi,

penunjuk

30 saat selepas

pintu berfunsi. gambarajah

Apabila

butang penekan pneumatik

S2 ditekan, pintu akan tertutup dan gambarajah pendawaian

sambungan

skematiknya.

(12 markah)

[25 markah]

-5-

SULIT

SUUT (BEKE 2533)

SOALANS

Gambarajah skematik adalah gambarajah yang menunjukkan sambungan elektrik dan fungsi spesifik menjejaki aturan litar dengan menggunakan simbol-simbol grafik. Ianya membantu untuk

litar dan fungsinya dapat mengambilkira

saiz sebenar, bentuk mahupun lokasi

komponen ataupun dalam litar itu

a)

Lukiskan simbol piawai bagi komponen-komponen berikut:

i.
11.

Geganti lebihan bebanhaba (thermal overload relay) Suis pemilih (selector switch)

iii. Suis apungan (float switch) iv. Motor arus terus sesiri (de series motor) v. Choke /injap pemeriksa (choke/check-valve) (10 markah)

b)

Terangkan operasi litar kawalan dalam Rajah S5(b). (7 markah)

c)

Lukiskan litar kawalan bagi urutan operasi di bawah: i.

11. 111.

Apabila PB 1 ditekan dan omboh silinder 1 bergerak keluar LS2 akan diaktifkan. Litar dalam anak tangga ke empat (4) beroperasi Solenoid yang mengawal silinder akan diaktifkan Omboh silinder sepenuhnya. 1 akan bergerak keluar apabila omboh silinder 1 telah keluar

IV.

v.

(8 markah)

[25 markah] -6-

SUUT

SULIT (BEKE 2533)

SOALAN6

Pengesan adalah transduser untuk mengesan, dan kebiasaannya untuk mengukur magnitud sesuatu. Ia akan menukarkan perubahan mekanikal, magnetik, haba, optikal dan kimia kepada isyarat voltan dan arus elektrik

a)

Terangkan secara ringkas dua (2) jenis penyambungan pengesan dan lakarkan skematiknya. (6 markah)

b)

Dua (2) pengesan kemuatan (capacitive) npn dengan voltan operasi 24VDC, 3 wayar, digunakan untuk mengesan objek bukan metalik yang akan mengaktitkan lampu, Ll dan buzer, BUZZl. Lukiskan gambarajah skematiknya menggunakan simbol-simbol piawaian. (8 markah)

c)

Satu pengesan cahaya elektrik (photo-electric) telah dipasangkan pada keluaran penghantar dan tangki pengisi, seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah S6(c). Isyarat keluaran dari pengesan tersebut akan menjadi masukan ke Pengawal Logik Bolehaturcara (PLC) dan hanya beroperasi pada voltan isyarat +24VDC.

(i) Apakah jenis pengesan yang boleh digunakan dalam sistem ini. (4 markah)

(ii) Dengan merujuk kepada pemasangan dan keadaan yang dinyatakan, pilih pengesan yang paling sesuai berdasarkan katalog yang dilampirkan (Rujuk Helaian Data 1, 2 dan 3) dengan menyatakan nombor rujukan produk tersebut. Berikan dua (2) sebab mengapa pengesan tersebut dipilih. (7 markah)

[25 markah]

-7-

SULIT

SULIT
(BEKE 2533) PART A

QUESTION 1

DC motors are well suited for many industrial applications whereby accurate control of speed or position of the load is required. They provide high starting torque and direction easily reversed.

a)

State three (3) basic types of DC motor and sketch their schematic diagram respectively. (10 marks)

b)

Compute the motor constant, parameters.

VDC
=

Kemf

and

KT

for a DC shunt motor with the following Speed = 1600 rpm

120 V

Power = 114hp RA = 7.5

Current = 1.8A

RF = 700

n
(12 marks)

c)

Describe briefly the operation of de compound motor.

(3 marks)

[25 marks]

-8-

SULIT

SULIT (BEKE 2533)

QUESTION 2

AC motors are the most common type of motor used in commercial and industrial applications because of the availability of standard power generated and distributed. It converts AC electrical energy into mechanical energy, producing a mechanical rotation to perform some type of work.

a)

Describe briefly the operation of two (2) types of capacitor-start motor with the aid of their schematic diagram.

(10 marks)

b)

Calculate the rotational speed of AC motor with 6 poles and a 50-Hz input. Determine the slip when the motor running at 850 rpm at no load. What is the percentage slip of that motor?

(10 marks)

c)

Sketch the schematic diagram of resistance-start, induction-run AC motor. Write down one (1) advantage and disadvantage of this motor.

(5 marks)

[25 marks]

-9 -

SULIT

SULIT (BEKE 2533)

QUESTION 3

Machines are used to convert energy into different forms and transmit energy. Machines are composed different types of mechanisms. A mechanism is a device that converts input motion force into a desired out motion and force. Linkages, cams, gears and pulleys are examples of mechanisms.

a) Briefly define the following terms (use diagram if necessary).

i) Oscillating motion ii) Reciprocating motion iii) Rotary motion (10 marks)

b) Sketch a compound gear-trains that consists of four (4) gears, A, B, C and D. Determine the overall gear ratio with A, the first driver having 40 teeth, B 80 teeth, C 72 teeth and D, the final driven wheel, 144 teeth. (5 marks)

c) In a simple lever system, the load given is 2 kN and acts 20 mm from the fulcrum. The effort is 200 mm from the fulcrum. Assuming 100 % efficiency, calculate the effort. (6 marks)

d) State four (4) different types of gear available and example of their applications. (4 marks)

[25 marks]

- 10 -

SULIT

SULIT (BEKE 2533)

PARTB

QUESTION 4

Pneumatic cylinders are generally used for low-to-medium force applications that do not require accurate speed control. Their components are less costly than hydraulic system components.

a) Draw the symbols for 4/2 way and 5/2 way directional control valve. (5 marks)

b) Sketch and briefly explain the control of a double-acting cylinder operation. (8 marks)

c) A garage door is operated by a double-acting cylinder. When push-button S I is pressed, a signaling lamp lights up. 30 seconds after operation, the cylinder (door) travels. When pushbutton S2, is pressed, the door is closed again. Draw the pneumatics connection diagram and the schematic wiring diagram. (12 marks)

[25 marks]

- 11 -

SULIT

SULIT (BEKE 2533)

QUESTIONS

A schematic diagram is a diagram that shows the electrical connection and functions of a specific circuit arrangement with graphic symbols. It is used to trace a circuit and its functions without regards to the actual size, shape or location of the components device or parts.

a) Draw the standard symbols for the following components:

1. 11. 111.

Thermal overload relay Selector switch Float switch DC series motor Check Ichoke valve (10 marks)

IV.

v.

b) Describe the operation of control circuit in Figure Q5(b). (7 marks)

c) Draw the control circuit with the sequence described below:

1. 11. 111.

PB 1 is pressed and cylinder 1 will extend, LS2 will be actuated. The circuit on rung 4 will be closed The solenoid controlling cylinder 2 will be activated. Cylinder 2 begins to extend after cylinder 1 has become fully extended.

IV.

v.

(8 marks)

[25 marks]

- 12-

SULIT

SULIT (BEKE 2533)

QUESTION 6

Sensors are transducer for detecting, and often measuring the magnitude of something. They convert mechanical, magnetic, thermal, optical and chemical variations into electric voltages and currents.

a) Describe briefly two (2) types of sensor connection and sketch their schematic. (6 marks)

b) Two (2) npn capacitive sensor (24 VDC) 3 wires sensors are used to sense non-metallic object that will turn on pilot light, Ll and buzzer, BUZZI. Draw the schematic diagram using the standard symbols. (8 marks)

c) A photo-electric sensor is installed at an output conveyor and filling tank, as shown in Figure Q6(c). The output signals of the sensor are fed into a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) that accepts only +24VDC signals.

(i) What type of sensor( s) that can be used in the system? (4 marks)

(ii) Based on the installation and condition stated, choose the most suitable sensor(s) from the catalogue attached (Datasheet 1, 2 and 3) by stating the product reference number. Give two (2) reasons why you choose that sensor. (7 marks)

[25 marks]

- 13 -

SULIT

SULIr (BEKE 2533)

Ll

L2
1- SOL

Figure Q5(b)/ Rajah S5(b)

Hopper

"
~

"
/

@
@

"
/
/

Run

Standby

"
/ /

"

"

Full

Figure Q6(c) / Rajah S6(c)

- 14 -

SULIT

SULlT (BEKE 2533)

Photo-electric detectors
Selection guide, general: pages 3/260 10 31295 Compatibility: pages 31384 and 31385 Dimensions, schemes: page 3/313 Accessories: pages 31378 10 3/383

Miniature, type XUM Rectangular d.c Solid state out) Pre-cabled, length 2 m

---_._-----

System

___

- ---------j-!polarised__ Thru-beam 1 . __

Type of transmission Nominal sensing distance (Sn)

I Infra-red
.

I ,~~I!!-~ __ -T!!·2--- _:.i!!_~~.L Q

1' Infra-red 3~ (~ith

------fconvergent
_ .__ .--t-diHuse __

fL __

17 m--!

._.

_mm_reflectorl.

~~ol~~
: Red

Infra-red

_~-lnfra-r~__Q___ 0.10m

l~_.
iO.015m

(With-O-80 - [0.;0-:;:-!

~(Tl!!!..~_fJ~~gn

References
.----'.-~-----!-------'--;-'- .-- ---, . -_.. ._ ._
. XUM-H03353 ' XUM·H023539 XUM·H703535 XUM·Hl03535 XUM-HI5353R Lighl or dark programmable 'XUM·H073534 .

3-wire. PNP

s~!~~mg___. ------------a-wire. NPN Light or dark programmable XUM.J073534

- _-------.-,. .
• XUM·J023539 XUM.J703535 XUM.Jl03535 XUM-J15353R

. XUM.J03353

:iwjlc~!Dg_
Transrmtter ..."eight (kgL _ .

.
XU_M::_H073Q!.____ : 0.080 _ Q.S!(lQ_ 'Q.0~9. , Q.O~O _0.Q8Q

Characteristics

Vibration

resistance

7 o. ampii1ude+ 1.5 mm (f: 50 g. 3 axes. 3 times

10

55 Hz), conforming !'!._iEC ~:£_L

.. -1

Degree .of protection Connection M_"!~i~_I~ Raled supplv 1!ollaoeUmils §wilchlng_ ~al!_acity (sealed) VOllage drop. closed state vollaoe

liP 67 conforming 10 IEC 529 Pre--cabied : diameler 4.5 mm lenoth 2 m, wire o.s.a. : 6 x 0.2 mm'

-------------_---

pc",a."",8"-:.!:A",B",SI"P,-,C",;,-,I"en",s,-,:,-,p--,-M",M=AJ"-P-"C~·,-,·c",a,,bl,,,e"':_,__P-"V-"C'--

= 12 •••24 V wllh prolection a""insl = 10 ... 30 V (includi~a riDPle)

,; 100 mA wllh ove;lo~d

reverse Dolarity

and short·clrcull

Droleclion

';1.5V·
__ __ -----_J

C~u~"~en~l~c~o~n~s=u~~~lli~o~n'-'n~o~-~lo~a=d ~ __ _+Th~ru~-~be~am~~:,;~50~m~A~·~r~efl~e~xLd~i~ffu~s~e~:~,;~35~m~A~ Maximum switching frequency ___ r5~OO~Hz~_~------~-----------------------------------cF~ir~s~~u~~p~:~I~m~s~;~reco~v~~~~:I~.~m~s Function Thru-beam and reflex systems No object present Object present in the beam in the beam Diffuse system No object present _~__k!!he beam __._

~e~,yL's~
Function table

Object present in the beam

Output state (PNP or NPN) indicator: yellow LED (illuminated when detector ouiput is ON)

Light switching

..:t-----

--'

,', '-

-----

Dark switching

Datasheet 1/ Helaian Data 1

- 15 -

SULIT

SULIT
(BEKE 2533)

Photo-electric detectors
Miniature, type XUP Rectangular, metal case d.c. supply. Solid state output Pre-cabled, length 2 m (1)

System Type of transmission Nominal sensing distance (5n)

Thru-beam Infra-red

Reflex Infra-red 3 m (with 0 80 mm reflector) 2 m (with 24 x 21 mm reflector)

Diffuse Infra-red 0.2 m

4m

References
3-wlre, PNP light switching Dark switching 3-wire. NPN light switching Dark switching Transmitter Weight (kg) XUp·H043234 XUP-H043134 XUP·J043.234 XUP-J043134 I XUP-H0430 , 0.160 0.160 0.160 XUP-H02323 XUP-H02313 . XUP-J02323 XUp·J02313 XUP-H203135 XUP·H203235 XUp·J203135 XUP-J203235

Characteristics
Approvals Ambient air temperature Vibration resistance Shock resistance Oegree of protection Connection Materials Rated supply voltage Voltage limits Switching capacity (sealed) Voltage drop, closed state Current consumption, no-lead ..2§1l_!:g_ .. _ ,~~oo _9_?.§~~ .?.Lf'!~A.r,!Qy.;_~.!!~£M_M.A.._;_cable :,PVC ._QQ~a~iC?n: ?:_E!~::.7_l.0~~y:Storage: : 25 9..a'!'QIilil~! 2, rn_m(f.':.~c5_!; - 40 ...
+.

89__

fjzJcCfJ_'!!.'1!!)lJci9.lo IEC 68·2·6

~g_

._...

__:_~J2 ..• 24 V witJ:1_ Q!'_C!!_ectiQ!!.!9.~in~tre~r:_s...!!.p~~

rnA with

overload .?_n~.~!10rt-circuit

prc:'tec;:1J~':!

Maximum switching frequency Delays Function table

_Fi.r~~:y'p'.:_~.15 ms; response : ~._g_~.§_~rl?_covery: 2 rns _. ~ Function Thru-beam and reflex systems No object present Object present in the beam in Ihe beam Diffuse system No object present in the beam

Object present In the beam

Output state (PNP or NPN) Light switching 5-....... ~ indicator (illuminated when detector output is ON) Dark switching (1) Detectors pre-cabled with other cable I_~g.t~s : _ ___ . _ Length of cable S~f!i~.t.o be f:l.d~EE_9_to refer~.Q~~~ ..~!~teg above 5m ~5 10m Ll0 Example: detector XUP-H0432~~_~ith5m·cable be~om~~~UP~H«if31t~L_9_~.

\29

J~,_"

.r-:«:
5-.......~

Weight
0110

increa.? .
kg kg

0.295

Datasheet 21 Helaian Data 2

- 16 -

SULIT

SULIT (BEKE 2533)

Photo-electric detectors
Sub-compact, type XUL Rectangular d.c. supply. Solid state output Pre-cabled, length 2 mil)

System

Thru-bearn

~Reflex

Polarised

reflex

Diffuse

Diffuse with background suppression Aflfra-red 0.25

Type of transmission Nominal sensing distance (Sn)

Infra-red ~m 8

I.Qfra-~_!:!d

, Red 4 m (with 0 80 mm reflector)

Infra-red 0.7 m

5 m (with 0 80 mm I_f_eflectq_r)

References
a-wtre. PNP
Light or dark programmable switching light or dark programmable switching XUL-H083534 XUL-H06353 XUL-H043539 XUL·H703535 XUL-H303538

a.wire. NPN

XUL·J083534

XUL-J06353

XUL-J043539

XUL-J703535

XUL·J303538

Transmitter Weight (kg)

XUL-KQ830 0.195 0.195 .0195 0.195 1).195

Characteristics
Approvals Ambient air Operation temperature Storage Vibration resistance Shock resistance Degree of protection Connection Materials Rated supply Voltage limits Switching capacity (scaled) ~ 1.5 V ';3_OmA 250_l::Iz._. ._ voltage ..!?tanj_a~(!.versio_r1_:...lJ_LJE~rldingl,_g_!?,"'.(p~~!ling) -25 + 55 'C -40 + 70"C . ?.g;ariip]j_Li~~mn'-((;';-fo::};~}i~_c;_or;i(;rmJ6ii9~C<6_8-;i:"6-. ..10 Jl.._<!uc~t!<?'!. m§~,,-ol1[Qr'!'.i.ng to 1~958·2~~ 11 .. ._lE_57 confo~f12i~Jo_l~g 529 al1<:1.I_F'§_71_c:onformingJQ C_2_Q_-01 1\iE. 0 e!~:g_"!QJ§!(t:_diam_~1~.r.q_Qll!!,le_l].9.!_h 2 m-.!-_~lr~_f:§~.: 4 x 9_;_:~_§_fDrn2 _

._gase :p.!!_S ~~en.§~PMMA;.ca_~I~~

f',{9

Voltage drop, closed state CUrrent consumption, Maximum Detays Function table switching no-load frequency

Function

Jhru-beam a09 rejtex systejns No object present Object present in the beam in the beam

Output state (PNP or NPN) Lighl switching ~ :..~ indicator (illuminated when detector output is ON) Dark swit.chi~_g (1) Detectors pre-cabled with other cable lengths:. . Length of cable Suffix to be added to i_efe~e_ncesstatedabove 5m LOS 10 m l10 Example: detector XUL·H083534 with 5 m cable becomes ~.tJL:H08.:l?3'!.~05~. _.

o _j<_ .. :)6;-

Diffuse system No object present in the beam

-----

Object present !l'I the beam

J',_

W ®

Weight Increase 0.155 kg GA15 kg

Datasheet 3/ Helaian Data 3

- 17 SULIT