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Cakes cone in a variety of forms and flavours and are among favourite desserts served during
special occasions such as birthday parties, Hari Raya, weddings and etc. Cakes are treasured not
only because of their wonderful taste but also in the art of cake baking and cake decorating. Find
out how, mathematics is used in cake baking and cake decorating and write about your findings.

 
Best Bakery shop received an order from your school to bake a 5 kg of round cake as shown in
Diagram 1 for the Teachers' Day celebration.

1) If a kilogram of cake has a volume of 3800cm³, and the height of the cake is to be 7.0 cm,
calculate the diameter of the baking tray to be used to fit the 5 kg cake ordered by your school.
[Use ʌ = 3.142]

2) The cake will be baked in an oven with inner dimensions of 80.0 cm in length, 60.0 cm in
width and 45.0 cm in height.

a) If the volume of cake remains the same, explore by using different values of heights, h cm,
and the corresponding values of diameters of the baking tray to be used, d cm. Tabulate your
answers.
(b) Based on the values in your table,
(i) state the range of heights that is NOT sui table for the cakes and explain your answers.
(ii) suggest the dimensions that you think most suitable for the cake. Give reasons for your
answer.

(c) (i) Form an equation to represent the linear relation between h and d. Hence, plot a suitable
graph based on the equation that you have formed. [You may draw your graph with the aid of
computer software.]

(ii) (a) If Best Bakery received an order to bake a cake where the height of the cake is 10.5 cm,
use your graph to determine the diameter of the round cake pan required.
(b) If Best Bakery used a 42 cm diameter round cake tray, use your graph to estimate the height
of the cake obtained.

3) Best Bakery has been requested to decorate the cake with fresh cream. The thickness of the
cream is normally set to a uniform layer of about 1 cm.

(a) Estimate the amount of fresh cream required to decorate the cake using the dimensions that
you have suggested in 2(b)(ii).

(b) Suggest thr ee of her shapes fo r cake , that will have t he same height and volume as those
suggested in 2(b)(ii). Estimate the amount of fresh cream to be used on each of the cakes.

(c) Based on the values that you have found which shape requires the least amount of fresh
cream to be used?
 

Find the dimension of a 5 kg round cake that requires the minimum amount of fresh cream to
decorate. Use at least two different methods including Calculus.
State whether you would choose to bake a cake of such dimensions. Give reasons for your
answers.

  !"#$#%
Best Bakery received an order to bake a multi-storey cake for Merdeka Day celebration, as
shown in Diagram 2.

The height of each cake is 6.0 cm and the radius of the largest cake is 31.0 cm. The radius of the
second cake is 10% less than the radius of the first cake, the radius of the third cake is 10% less
than the radius of the second cake and so on.

(a) Find the volume of the first, the second, the third and the fourth cakes. By comparing all
these values, determine whether the volumes of the cakes form a number pattern? Explain and
elaborate on the number patterns.

(b) If the total mass of all the cakes should not exceed 15 kg, calculate the maximum number of
cakes that the bakery needs to bake. Verify your answer using other methods.

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While you were conducting the project, what have you learnt? What moral values did you
practise? Represent your opinions or feelings creatively through usage of symbols, illustrations,
drawing or even in a song
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 (Find out how maths is used in cake baking and cake decorating and write about your
findings)

(actually I'm not sure how to write this « some websites tat provide last year's sample wrote
loooong answers for this part « ended up writing too little about this « but I'll just give you
SOME of the points here. If you have any other suitable ones, do write in down too.)

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 (bake a 5 kg round cake for your school. given the height of cake, c and the diameter of
cake, .)

6Given 1 kg cake has volume 3800cm³, and c is 7cm, so find .

Volume of 5kg cake = Base area of cake x Height of cake

3800 x 5 = (3.142)(d/2)² x 7
19000/7(3.142) = (d/2)²
863.872 = (d/2)²
d/2 = 29.392
45657

6Given the inner dimensions of oven: 80cm length, 60cm width, 45cm height

a) Find corresponding values of  with different values of c, and tabulate the answers.

First, form the formula for  in terms of c by using the above formula for volume of cake, V =
19000, that is:
19000 = (3.142)(d/2)²h
19000/(3.142)h = d²/4
24188.415/h = d²
489c

Then, draw and complete table of 2 columns, 10 rows (example), as shown below: (use that
formula to find d, for every value of h)
 c 
1.0 155.53
2.0 109.98
... ...
10.0 49.18

b) i) State the range of c

-c that is NOT suitable for the cakes and explain.

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b) ii) Suggest and explain the most suitable dimensions (cand ) for the cake.

NOTE: just provide ONE c and its corresponding  only, it asks for most suitable´ (which
means the one and only suitable)
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c) i) Form a linear equation relating and c. Hence, plot a suitable (linear, best fit) graph based
on that equation.

The same formula in Q2/a is used, that is 19000 = (3.142)(d/2)²h. The same process is also used,
that is, make  the subject. This time, form an equation which is suitable and relevant for the
graph:
19000 = (3.142)(d/2)²h
19000/(3.142)h = d²/4
24188.415/h = d²
d = 155.53/¥h
d = 155.53h-1/2
log d = log 155.53h-1/2
-4-c<-8 (the final equation for graph-drawing)

Create another table (or add two extra columns to the 1st table in Q2/a), with one column is log h
and the other is log d. Then, plot a graph of log d against log h.

NOTE: 2cm on graph represents 0.1 units for both axes. The x-axis must be from 0 till 1.2 or
more, in order to answer the next question.

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ii) Use the graph you've drawn to determine:
a) d when h = 10.5cm
h = 10.5cm, log h = 1.021, log d = 1.680, 4765@
b) h when d = 42cm
d = 42cm, log d = 1.623, log h = 1.140, c485

6 Decorate the cake with fresh cream, with uniform thickness 1cm.

a) Estimate the amount of fresh cream needed to decorate the cake, using the dimensions you've
suggested in Q2/b/ii

My answer in Q2/b/ii ==> h = 8cm, d = 54.99cm

Amount of fresh cream = VOLUME of fresh cream needed (area x height)
Amount of fresh cream = Vol. of cream at the top surface + Vol. of cream at the side surface
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Vol. of cream at the top surface
= Area of top surface x Height of cream
= (3.142)(54.99/2)² x 1
= 86C

Vol. of cream at the side surface

= Area of side surface x Height of cream
= (Circumference of cake x Height of cake) x Height of cream
= 2(3.142)(54.99/2)(8) x 1
= 858C

Therefore, amount of fresh cream = 2375 + 1382.23 = 8668C

b) Suggest THREE other shapes (the shape of the base of the cake) for the cake with same height
(depends on the Q2/b/ii) and volume (19000cm³). Estimate the amount of fresh cream (the
volume) to be used for each of those cakes.

NOTE: Circles may NOT be accepted, because it's already part of the questions earlier, so it's
safe to provide three different shapes for this question.
Depends on your choice of shapes, but usually the volume of top surface is always the same for
all shapes (since height is same), therefore your job is to first find out the lengths and widths of
the base shape, then find vol. of side surfaces only. This process can be quite difficult, especially
if you choose shapes that has more than 4 sides, such as pentagon or hexagon. By the way, draw
the shapes that you choose for each question, so that you'll better understand the area involved
for cake-decorating.
My answer (with h = 8cm, and volume of cream on top surface = 19000/8 = 86C1:
(
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(draw cuboid)
19000 = base area x height
base area = 19000/8
length x width = 2375
By trial and improvement, 2375 = 50 x 47.5 (length = 50, width = 47.5, height = 8)
Therefore, volume of cream
= 2(Area of left/right side surface)(Height of cream) + 2(Area of front/back side surface)(Height
of cream) + Vol. of top surface
= 2(8 x 50)(1) + 2(8 x 47.5)(1) + 2375 = 8;8C

(-
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(draw an isosceles triangle, then make it a 3D shape by drawing vertical lines on the vertices.
Then join the vertices to form the top surface of the cake)
19000 = base area x height
base area = 2375
½ x length x width = 2375
length x width = 4750
By trial and improvement, 4750 = 95 x 50 (length = 95, width = 50)
Slant length of triangle = ¥(95² + 25²)= 98.23
Therefore, amount of cream
= Area of rectangular front side surface(Height of cream) + 2(Area of slant rectangular left/right
side surface)(Height of cream) + Vol. of top surface
= (50 x 8)(1) + 2(98.23 x 8)(1) + 2375 = 787@@5C

8(
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(draw a regular pentagon, then draw vertical lines on its vertices, then join the vertices to form
the top surface of cake)
19000 = base area x height
base area = 2375 = area of 5 similar isosceles triangles in a pentagon
therefore:
2375 = 5(length x width)
475 = length x width
By trial and improvement, 475 = 25 x 19 (length = 25, width = 19)

Therefore, amount of cream

= 5(area of one rectangular side surface)(height of cream) + vol. of top surface
= 5(8 x 19) + 2375 = 88C

(all the answers above may differ from yours, depending on how do you do the calculations)

c) Based on the values above, determine the shape that require the least amount of fresh cream to
be used.

(depends on your answers, but here's my obvious answer) 

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i
 (Find dimensions of 5kg ROUND cake (volume: 19000cm³) that require minimum
amount of cream to decorate. Use two different methods, including Calculus
(differentiation/integration). Also, explain whether you would choose to bake that cake with such
dimensions and give reasons why.

When there's minimum´ or maximum´, well, there's differentiation and quadratic functions.
Use both to find the minimum height, c and its corresponding minimum diameter, .
(Note: This question only gives you just ONE info only: the mass of cake (which you can change
into volume of cake, as shown), so use this ONE info only to find the minimum dimensions)

Here's my answer:
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Use two equations for this method: the formula for volume of cake (as in Q2/a), and the formula
for amount (volume) of cream to be used for the round cake (as in Q3/a).
19000 = (3.142)r²h ĺ (1)
V = (3.142)r² + 2(3.142)rh ĺ (2)
From (1): h = 19000/(3.142)r² ĺ (3)
Sub. (3) into (2):
V = (3.142)r² + 2(3.142)r(19000/(3.142)r²)
V = (3.142)r² + (38000/r)
V = (3.142)r² + 38000r-1

dV/dr = 2(3.142)r ± (38000/r²)

0 = 2(3.142)r ± (38000/r²) -->> minimum value, therefore dV/dr = 0
38000/r² = 2(3.142)r
38000/2(3.142) = r
6047.104 = r
45

Sub. r = 18.22 into (3):

h = 19000/(3.142)(18.22)²
c45
therefore, c45,4405148@77

D
cE) ) 
Use the two same equations as in Method 1, but only the formula for amount of cream is the
main equation used as the quadratic function.
Let f(r) = volume of cream, r = radius of round cake:
19000 = (3.142)r²h ĺ (1)
f(r) = (3.142)r² + 2(3.142)hr ĺ (2)
From (2):
f(r) = (3.142)(r² + 2hr) -->> factorize (3.142)
= (3.142)[ (r + 2h/2)² ± (2h/2)² ] -->> completing square, with a = (3.142), b = 2h and c = 0
= (3.142)[ (r + h)² ± h² ]
= (3.142)(r + h)² ± (3.142)h²
(a = (3.142) (positive indicates min. value), min. value = f(r) = ±(3.142)h², corresponding value
of x = r = --h)
Sub. r = --h into (1):
19000 = (3.142)(--h)²h
h³ = 6047.104
c45

Sub. h = 18.22 into (1):

19000 = (3.142)r²(18.22)
r² = 331.894
45
therefore, c45,4405148@77

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  (order to bake multi-storey cake)
Given:
height, h of each cake = 6cm

radius of largest cake = 31cm

radius of 2nd cake = 10% smaller than 1st cake
radius of 3rd cake = 10% smaller than 2nd cake
« etc.

From question, you'll get:

31, 27.9, 25.11, 22.599, « (GP with a = 31, r = 9/10)

a) Find volume of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th cakes. Determine whether the volumes form number
pattern, then explain and elaborate on the number patterns.

Use the formula for volume V = (3.142)r²h, with h = 6 to get the volume of cakes. The values of
r can be obtained from the progression of radius of cakes given in previous question.

My answer:
Radius of 1st cake = 31, volume of 1st cake = (3.142)(31)²(6) = 5@66
Radius of 2nd cake = 27.9, vol. of 2nd cake = 7@675
Radius of 3rd cake = 25.11, vol. of 3rd cake = 55@77
Radius of 4th cake = 22.599, vol. of 4th cake = ;@6;;

5@66,7@675,55@77,;@6;;,/

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b) Given the total mass of all the cakes should not exceed 15 kg ( total mass < 15 kg, change to
volume: total volume < 57000 cm³), find the maximum number of cakes that needs to be baked.
Verify the answer using other methods.
Use Sn = (a(1 - rn)) / (1 - r), with Sn = 57000, a = 18116.772 and r = 0.81 to find n:
57000 = (18116.772(1 ± (0.81)n)) / (1 - 0.81)
1 ± 0.81n = 0.59779
0.40221 = 0.81n
log0.81 0.40221 = n
n = log 0.40221 / log 0.81
n = 4.322
therefore, F7

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