You are on page 1of 163

1

11 ...........................................................................................



14 .......................................................................
15 .......................................... ..................................
15 .............................................................................
"" : 16 ..........................
" 18 .................................................
"
1 18 ..............................................................................
"18 ............................................................................
2 "
3 " "19 ..........................................................
20 ..........................................................
1 20 ...............................................................................
2 20 ..............................................................................
3 21 ...............................................................................
4 21 ...................................................................................
22 ..............................................
23 ...............................................................................
""23 .........................................
1 23 .............................................................
2 " " organiciste...................................... 24
2

24 ..........................................
1 24 ...........................................................................
2 24 .........,.........................................................................
3 25 ..........................................................................
4 26 .................................................................................
26 ..........................................................
1 26 ........................................................................
2 27 ..............................................................
3 27 .........................................................
28 ...................
29 ..............................................................
1 29 .......................................................................
2 29 ....................................................................
3 29 ............................................................................
4 29 ...............................................................
30 ....................................................................




1 32 ..............................................................
2 37 .........................................................................
3 41 ......................................................................
4 45 .........................................................
5 50 ..............................................................................
50 ....,.....
" "51 ...............................................................
53 .......................

6 54 ...........................................................................


) ( .
" " 59 .........
1 59 ..................................
2 59 .....................................................................
3 60 .....................................................
60 ......................................................................
1 60 ............
2 60 .................................................. .
62 ....................................................................................
63 .........................................................................................
63 .........................................................................................
63 ...............................................................................
1 63 ................................................................................... .
2 63 ...................................................... .
3 Machiavlisme....................................................... 64
4 65 ........................................................................ .
5 65....................................................
6 66 ...................................................................... .
" "67 ...............................
1 67 ............................................................... .
2 67 ..................................................... .

)1529 (1596 69 ........................


69 ...........................................................................................
69 .........................................................................................
1 70 ........................................................................... .
2 71 ................................... .
3 71 ............................................... .
4 : " "73 .......................................
74 ...................................................................................
74 .............................................................................................
74 ............................................................................................
1 75 ....................................................................
2 76 .................................................
3 76 ........................................................ .
4 76 .......................................................................... .
5 77 .............................................................. .
6 " " Lviathan. .............................................................. 78
79..............................................................................................
.

-1

83........................................... .

" Paradigme "................................................. 83


" " 83 ...............
83 ...................................................................... .
" " 84 ........................... .
-2

" "85 ..............

3 ": " "" .calviniste


88 ............................................................ .
1 88 ............
" " Bartole 88 .......................................
" " Gerson89 ................................................... .
2 89 ................................................... .
90 .......................................................... :
" " Salamanque................. 90
1 90 ........................................................................................ .
" " Vitoria. ....................................................................... 90
" " De Soto. ( 1449 91 ......................................... .(1560
" " Bellarmin. .............................................................. 91
"" Mariana. .................................................................... 91
6

"" Molina. ......................................................................... 92


" " Suarez. ...................................................................... 92

2 " :" Thomisme92 ............................


92 ...................................................................... .
""93 ..................................
3 94 ..................................................................... .
94 .................................................................................. .
""95 ..............................
95 ........................................................ .
" "95 ...............................................
4 96 .................................................................... .

96 ....................................................... .
"" "" 96 ..........................
1 97 ..................................................
2 " "97 .............................................................
3 " "97 ..................................................................
4 ""97 ..............................................................................
"" 98 .................................................................... .
1 98.................................................................. .
2 "" 98 ................................................
99 ................................................
99 ..................
1 Puritains. .......................................................... 100
2 100 .......................................................................................... .

3 " " " "100 ..


101 ................................................................................................. .
Common law " "102 ..................
1 102 ........................................................................... .
2 Edward Coke. ..................................................................................... 103
3 " "104 ...........................................................
Levellers........................................... 104
1 104 ...................................................................... .
2 105 .................................................................................. .
Levellers. ............................................................ 106
1 106 ............................................................... .
2 106 ..................................................................................... .
3 106 ................................................................................ .
107 ......................................................................................... .
1 107 .................................................................................. .
2 107 ............................................................. .1660
.
1 " ".
: 110 ............................................................................... .

111 ..............................................................................................
111 ............................................................... .
1 111 .......................................................................................
112 .................................................. .
113 ................................................................. .
114 ........................................................................................... .
115 .............................................................. .

" "115 .................................................


2 116 ...................................................................................... .
3 116 ...................................................................................... .
4 116 .................................................................... .
116 ........................................................................................ .

2 "" 118 .............................


) .( Mandeville, Hume, Smith, Ferguson, Burke
Mandeville. ...................................................................................... 118
David Hume . ................................................................................. 119
Ferguson. ........................................................................................ 122
Adam Smith. .................................................................................. 123
Edmund Burke. ............................................................................... 125


.
128 ..................................
1 128 ................................................................................... .
Bentham 128 .......................................................... .
129 ...................................................................................... .
John Stuart Mill. ........................................................................... 131
Herbert Spencer. ........................................................................... 132
134 .......................................
1 134 ................................................................................... .
2 135 ......................................................................... .
Karl Popper. ................................................................................... 135
Michal Polanyi. .......................................................................... 136
" " 138 ............................................................ .
9

1 143 ...............................................................
2 144 ...................................................................................... .
3 145 ......................................................
4 145 .......................................................................
5 149 ...........................................................................
6 " "150 ........................................................


""
" "153 ...................................................................................
1 154 ............................................................... .
2 ""154 ........................................................................... .
3 155 ...................................................................................... .
156 ............................................................................ .
1 156 .......................................................................... .
2 157 .................................................
158 .............................................................................. .
1 158 .................................................................... .
2 " "158 .................................................................
3 158 ........................................................................................ .
4 158 ................................................................................... .
159 ............................................................

10


" " " "

.
)
( " . "
""

.
.

.
: .
.
" "contexte
.""
.
.
.

. ""
.


.

.
11



" " .
.
:


" ".


.

:
.

.
.

.

12

13




/
.
""
.
""
"
" . 1
" "
. " "

.
""

.

. ), d. Armand Colain, Paris, 1992, 7-6 ( - Yves GUCHET, La pense politique

14


" " " )
485 425 ( . ""
. .
. ""

.
. ""
"" "
" " " . "" .

. " "
.
"" Hystaspe .

) 426 (427 . .Crodos
: "" " "" """ ".
. ""
" " 403
":" "".
""
.
.
" :
.

. " :
15

" . .

.
".



. ":

".

"" .Denys
"" Syracuse
. ""
.
"" .
"" : .
"" Thrasymaque
.

.
.
.
.
": " .
" " 13 2007 1
.

16


.

. .
" :" ""
"" .
. " "
" " .
.
.
: )
( ) ( ) ( .
:
.

)( . ""
.

17

"
"
" ) (
"
"
"
"
. "
.

"
" : "
".
".
"
1 .
.


:

" .
""
" "

".

".
2 "
.

.


.
.
1

) , d. Dalloz, ( - Dimitri Georges Lavroff, Les grandes tapes de la pense politique


28 Paris, 1999, 32

18

3 " ".
" "" .
"
" .
"
.
) . ( .
" " "
"
.
"" ""

""
. " " "
" .
"
"


.
" .
"

" " .

:
.
" .
".

" ] .[11 : " " 34


. "

19


.


.
: .
1 .
" " .
:

1 . :
.
.

.
2 .

2 .

.
.


.
.
"
. Dimitri Georges Lavroff 35
2
. ""

20


".
3 .
.
.
.
"" ":

" . :

.
.
.

.
.
4 .
.
.
.

. ":
" .
"" " "
. :
"" " "
21

"" .
.
.

1 : .
.
.
2 :
"" . .
.1
. .

1 1 : " " .
2" " " "Gallimard)(3 . " "
PUF1970. 4 " " Plon 1956 " "
Seuil 1979. 5 " " 6 . " "
.Payot 1953

22

. ""

.

"" .
Stagire 383 .
. Stagire .
.
""
. " "Hermias " " .
.
"" .

. "" " :"" "
"" "" . "" .
:
.

"
"politie .
1 "".
.
.
":

23

" .1
.
" " .
: .
" " .organiciste


"" .

. "" .
.

2 .
.

"" .
" " " ".
.
""
. ":
".
.
. individualiste
":
" .2 .
""
. ""
2
. "" 14

24

. ""

.
.
" "
. " " .
" " ":

...
". 1
""
.
.

.

.

.
Dimitri Georges Lavroff .35

.
1

. " " 1
. "" " " 55 77

25

.

. .
.
.
.
":
"

.
.
.
"

" .2 :
.
.
":
" . 3
.

.

.
. "" 12
. "" 1
3
. "" 10

26

.
:
1 ":
".
2 : ":
" ":
".
.
"
":
1
.
2 "
".
3 " ".
"" ""
:
1 .
2 .
3 " "

.

.
27


. .
.
"" :
. :
.
. ":

" .
.
:
"
"." " ":
"
. . "
".

.
28

1 .

":


" 1.
:

. .

.
2 .
":

" 2 . .
3 .
":

".

4 .

"" .
":
" " .
1

. "" 4
. "" 11
3
. "" 11 19

29

" .
: " ".
.
" " .
Polybe Ciceron
.
" "
. .
.
""
. " "
.
.
BARKER,E. ,Greek Political Theory, Aristotle and his successors, London,
Methuen, 1918.
CLOCHE, P., La dmocratie athnienne, Paris Beauchesne, 1932.
DEFOURNY , M., Aristotle, Fundamental of his Development, 2e ed. Oxford,
Clarendon Press, 1970.
NEWMAN, W.L, The Politics of Aristotle, 4 vol. Oxford, 1887-1902.
ROMILLY, J.de., La loi dans la pense grecque, des origines Aristote, Paris,
Ed.des Belles lettres, 1971.
SINACEUR, M.A., Penser avec Aristote, Toulouse, Ers, 1991.
WEIL. R., Aristote et lhistoire, Essai sur la Politique, Paris, Klincksiek, 1960.

30

31



1
:
.

. " :
" . .

.
.
.

:
" "

" " :
.
" "
. ) (
" " ) (.

Ecritures saints
" ".
.
: !!

32

. Epitre aux corinthiens


.
:
Incarnation .
.
.
.

. " "
.
)
( . : Rvlation

:
. . "
"
. : .
.
:
.

" . " Nouveau
Testament .
:
.

33


.
: .
.
surnaturel .
.
.
" " " Pques "
":
" ) .( I Corinthiens1415

" " .Ancien Testament

.Incarnation
)
" ".

.
:
.
allgorique
(.. " "
.
"" Tradition
.Aptres Livre
.Parole

34

": Lagrange
" .
:
.

. .
" " : . :
.
. " " )
(17 .
" " ) (21 17
.
. .
.
: .

: .
:
. .
.
. :
:
. . .
.
Cosmos .
.

35

. " "
.
.
.
. .
. Cosmos
. :

. .
antipode . " "
"
" ) .( La cit de Dieu XII17

Rdemption .

.
. .
.
.
. .

36

" "
.
. "" .
.

" : " "
.
.
:
" " .
pharisiens
" ". .
" ".

.
" : ) (....
. " ) .
" " .( 8 .
. :
cration ...
. .


.
.

37

: ) 22 18 ( 22 :
" :
" : " " :
" . " : ".
" "... .
/ : .
/ .
.
:
. " :
".

.
. .
:
.

.

. :

) (
.


.
.

38


. Ascension .


. :
.
. Parousie .
.

:
.
.
.
.
.
.
Apocalypse de Saint Jean " " ) Millnarisme
( .
.
":
" " " "
".

" "
. .christianisation
.
39

. .
)
papisme (.
) 354 (430
. " "
.
" . " ) 427 ( 415
.
.
. : 410 Wisigoth
" " . : .

. :
.
.
:
.
. " "
.
" " .
. ":
Hippone .
. " .
.
" . "

40

.
.
.
) (
. .
:
.
.
. .
.
3 .
430
.
) 1225 ( 1274
. :
. .
: " "
.
" .Rvlation
.
.
.

: . .
. :
.
. :
41

.
:
. .

.Etienne Gilson ) somme

" :(thologique
" . " " .
.
.
.
" " .

. Aristotlisme
. : "
" . " "
synthse ) doctrinal
( .
. " :
".

.
/ " " :
.
: . :
.
42


. .
.
. ":
" .
.
.
:
.


.
. ) (
) : ( .
.
:
. .
.
.
...
... " "
.

. :

43

.
.
.
:
:
.
" "
. " :
" .
.
. .
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
: .
.
.

:

. :

44

. De Regno
: " " "
" "
" .
.
. "
" .


4 .
.
.
:
.
. . :
.
.
.
. ":
".

.
:
.
. De Regno

45

:
.
" " :

.
.
.
.
: .
. )
( somme thologique . .
.
" : ".
: .
.
.
. ) (


: .

.
:
.

46


.
. :
.
.
.
. .
.
.


.
" " .
/
Sacerdoce .
" "
) (.
.

.
. .
:
.
) ( .
.
.
. " "
" .
47

" .
. " " " "
) Bossuet .( 1709
) / ( .
" " .
. :
.
.
Modernes
. " "

. Scularisation
) (
Kulturkampf " "
:
/.
Pie ) .(1939
) 1962 .( 1965
.
"
" Concordisme ) ( .
.

.

.
48

:
.
.
. .

5 .

. : )
( )( .
) (
49



.

) (
) (.
" "

. :
"" " "

:
:

.
. . " .
" ) Gaudium et spes,
.(76.3
.
.
" "

".
. " ) . II13
.(1993
:
.
50

"


") . .(41
/"
" collectivisme marxiste
Rvlation .
" " " ".
"
"
.( Gaudium et spes, 76.3 ) .
" ":
.

:
1 .

.
. .
2 " " .
agrgat . " "
. " " : "
" ..

. "
"
Pie XI 1931 :

51

.
.
3 / .
:

.

conomisme .technicisme Rerum Navarum
(( 1891 Lon XIII .
" .
" ) Paul VI Populorum Progressio 1967(.

.
.

.
. : " "

:
.
.
. " " pierre dachoppement
) (.
.
. :
.
52

"
" . .
) (.
Jacques Maritain "
" " " .
.
.
.
.
" ).
. "
.(II
. "
" " .
" " Royaume
.
. "
" " " " "
humanise .(Gaudium et spes, 39.2 ) . " "
) (
.
.

.
.

. ) ( : .
.

53

6 .
.

...
:
.
: .
. .
. .

. )
( .
) ( Cosmos Cration
. :
.
.
.
:
. :
.
.
.
" . "
" " .

. .
.
54

:
. .

. :
.
.
.

.
:
. :
.
.
.
. .Instrumentale

.
. .
.
.
. :
. .
" " .
. sotrique
exotrique .
.
55

. .
radicalisation )
( . .
: ) (

.
.
) : ( ) (.
"" ) (1513 " : " .
. ""
. ) 1469 (1527
" :
" ) ( "
" ) ( " " )
( .
. ""

.
"" "" . :
.
.
""
"
" " : " )
17 1521 (Guichardin :

56

.
.
. " " ) (Harvey Mansfield
.
.
. .
"" " :
. .
" . "
" " "
.
: .
. .
.
. . "
".
" "

.

57


) ( .


) ( .

.
" "
58

.
.
" " .

.
.
1 .
.
Vespasien (69 79 ( .

.
.
2 .

. ) (1076 " " :
.
" " .
.
.

.
.
3 .
.
. .
.
59

.

.
.
1 .1
" "
.
.


.

.
.
2 .

. " "

.
Charles le Tmraire

.2 Alphonse ) 1396 (1458 "
" .
" " .
Deux Roses 1485 1509 .Tudor
.
- George H. SABINE, A History of Political Theory, Chicago, 1973, chap. 18.
- Philippe NEMO, Histoire des ides politiques aux Temps modernes et contemporains, puf, Paris, 2003, P. 39.

60

1
2

.
.
:
.

.luthranisme .
": :
"" .
. : "" ""
" " 1 .
absolutisme
. barons
"" . Philippe Auguste, saint Louis,:
.Philippe le Bel

.


.
: . Jean Ferrault
. 1550
.Charles Dumoulin , Etienne du Bourg , Pierre Rebuffi

.
.
1

"" : " " 1


. 1951 1997
2
. " " 1935 1977

61

1560 Hospital 1561


": " .
.
" " constitutionalistes " " "
" .


.
1 ) 1469 (1527

.
1494 Savonarole
Gonfalonier 1502 .
"" ) ( .

.
1521 1520 .1525

1 "" . . 1513
.1514
2 " " 1513 .1519
.
3 " " ) (Storie Fiorentine 1520 .1526
1251 .1492 .
62

4 1513 1520 " ".


1 ""
.

. .

.
":
" 2. ""
" " .

.
.

.
": " ).
.(339

.
.
.
. .
" " .
.
) 18 .(341
1

. - Philippe NEMO, Histoire des ides politiques , 47


- Le prince , XV, p. 335.

63

Machiavlisme

.

.
"" .
"" .

".
" ) . 18 341 .(342

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
) . 17 .(339
) .
.(341
:
" "
64

.
" " .

) . "" 17 .(338

"" ""
.
.
.
" " . "" .
.
""
.
.
) . ""
9 .(405
.

"" . .
.
.


. .
.
65

.
.
.
.

"
" .
.
" Philippe Nemo "
. Pareto, Sorel ,
Maurras
.
"" "" ""
" ".

2 ) 1483 .(1546
.
": 1 Figgis " .
. .

1

- in The Foundation of Moderne Political Thought , Volume two, The Age of Reformation, Cambridge
University Press, 1978.

66

.
. .
.
Erfurt
.Wittenberg 1517
" " . 1520 "
" ) : ()
() ( . .
.1546
.
""


". " .
.
sola fides
. ecclesia " " "Gottes Volk
. .

.

.
.
.

67

:
":
.
.
.

. :
:

.
:
. "
" ) . .(17

. Philippe Melanchton (1496
(1540 William Tyndale (1495 (1536
. Wittenberg
.
)1529 (1596 .

.

.Anger . " " "" )


( . .
1566 " ) "Methodus ad facilem historiarum cognitionem
68

( . " " .
"" .

: "" la Rpublique
1986 ""
" " . " "
. "".
"" )
( .
. ""
.
.
. " "
: ) ( )
() ( )
( )
(.
1 .
.
.
"" :
.
" "

"" . "" "" .
1 " Yves Charles Zarka : " PUF1996 233
.244 " Julian H.Franklin " .1973

69

.. .
.
.
"
" . ""
.
.
.

""
.
.
.
.

.

.
.
2 .
""

.
.
70

. " " .

" /" .
3 .
.

. "" .
.


" " .
.
.
.
).
.(180
.
"" ""
" " .
) . .(192
.
.
)
(187 .

71

: " ".
.
" :
") .
.(193 " "
.
.
.
.
.
.

4 : " ".
1576 "
"" .
. .

"".
" " .
.
" ) 210 (213
"" .

72

" "
.

.
) . .(303
""
harmonique

.
) . :
.(307
.
.

.

4 ) 1588 .(1679
Stuarts .
"" ) puritains
( .
. " "
. .

.
.
73

" " " " .


1651 )
. (Mersenne, Gassendi , Descartes
.(De Cive ( 1642) Lviathan (1651
Commonwealth
of Cromwell Lviathan
. " "
Restauration 1660
.
.

" : " 1650 " " De Cive


1642 "" Lviathan 1651
.1668
De Corpore 1655 De Homine 1658 Elementa philosophica :
.1641
Behemoth : the Long Parliament ) Dialogue of the Civil
wars of England 1668 .
: .
) Lviathan ( .
. ""
. .
1 .
:

74

.
.
.
: .
) (... :
.
.1
) (... :

).
(.

"
""2
".3
2
: .
.
: .
" "
.
3 .
. "
"
.
1
2
3

" " Sirey .1971


" De Cive" .124
.125

75

") . .(126 ":


.
" ) . .(126
4 .
.
.
.
.
. "
"


.
.
.
.
"" "" .

5 .
:

.
" " ": ".1
:
""
.
1 "" 17 .173

76

""
.
Commonwealth "".
":

)(....
" ). 17 .(177
": :
") . ( .
" " .
" " .
. .
) civitas (
"" .
" " . "
.

") . ( .
. .
" " ) Lviathan
( "
" .
.
6 " " .Lviathan
.
" "
77

": " .

.
"" .
. " "
) . " " De Cive 14 .(1 " :

) (right.wrong
" ) . 26 .(282

. .
.
.
.

.

. .
.

:
. .

. .
.

78


""
.

. "
" .
.
.
.

79


.
" "
. :
:
80

.
" "
.
.
"
" . ]
[..


.

.
" "

.

.
-1 :
: " : " Paradigme
" "
: " "
" " " " " " .
" "
81

. " "
" "
. " "

.
" : " :
:
. " " " "
.

.
:
.


.
.
. " "
.
: " " :
" "
. " "
" / " " " /
. " "
. " "
.

82


.
" " thomistes
" " .
" " hume " "
" " " . "
" " " " "
"
" " " " . auto-organise
.
" " " " "
" .
" " " "
:



.
.

.
:
" " .
" " " " .83

" .
- " " "

-2 " " ) ( 1902 1834


" " :
-
-
:
.
" " .
: / . "
".....
.
.
.
: / .
" " " "

.
" "
] [ .

" " ...

" " . .
84

" " " " . ] [



.
: .
.
.

. .
-3 " " " " : Spontan
: Spontanisme .
: Spontanisme " " .

" " " " .

] [ Direction collgiaux
" " sparation " " rpartition
.
.

85

.
.
" "
.
" " " " "
" " " " "Constructiviste . Constructivism
1920
" ".
: .
4 ": " "" .calviniste

"" )
( ) ( .
:
rpublicanisme .humanisme
. "".
doctrinal .
"" .
" .
"
messianisme .
.
"" " Gerson
1" Grotius " Constance .2 "1688
1 " Gerson " Grotius John V. Figgis " Studies of Political Thought
"from Gerson to Grotius .1907 " Gerson" ( 1363 (1405 "" ""Grotius
(1583 (1645
.
2 " :"Constance ) 1414 (1418 . " :"1688
.

86

.


.
.
""
""
"" .

constitutionalistes .
1 .
" "
" ".
" " Bartole .
) 1313 (1347 " "lex regia
" "
.
.

.

lex regia
" " .sibi princeps
" " Gerson.

87

Grand Schisme (1378 (1417


Pierre dAilly, Francisco
Zabarella, Jean Gerson , Nicolas de Tudeschis , Nicolas de Cuse
. " " concile
. """ ."
: .
" " " ".
2 .

1 John Mair Jacques
.2 Almain .
"" .

.
" " " " .
""
.
:
" " .Salamanque
.
"" . ""
Thomisme .
John Mair Pierre Crockaert (1450 (1514
.Saint-Jacques 1509
somme thologique " "
1 1468 .1550 .1506
1518 .
2 ) 1480 .(1515 . .

88

" " .Pierre Lombard ""


.

.
1 .
""
.
. " " .
.
"" Salamanque
" ".
" " .Vitoria
1492 1546 "
" .1509 .1523
"" .
.Domingo de Soto "
" . ""
)
( . .
" " De Soto. ( 1449 .(1560
"" "" .
. " "
. " "
" " . "")
1540 " "(
"" .
89

. ""
Antonio Possevino (1534 (1611 Robert Bellarmin ( 1542 (1621
Luis de Molina (1535 (1600 Juan de Mariana (1535
(1624 Francisco Suarez ( 1548 .(1617
" " .Bellarmin
Louvain 1570 .1576
. ""
. "" " "
.mediante consensu hominum "
"
.
"" .Mariana
" ."Alcal "" 1554
Collge Romain .1561 ) (Isidore de Sville
) 25 1592 (1598
. .
"" " "
Erasme Erasme ( 1469 (1536
" " "" .
.
"" .Molina
"" " ."Alcal Evora
.1571 .
" " .Suarez
.
"" "" .
"" " " " "Alcal combre
90

.
De Soto " " ""
"" .

2 " :" Thomisme.


""

.
.
"" luthriens
machiavliens . "" :
"" ""
. " " .
. "
" .
:
.
" ."

.
.
""
.
"" : Possevin, Ribadeneyra, Suarez
. .

.
91

"".
"" ) nominalisme
( "" ) scepticisme
( " "
. ""

.
in foro externo
.in foro interno

""
" "
. .

.
" " ralistes nominalistes
Grgoire Rimini
Ockham Mair Almain .
"" "" .
. ""
. ""
.
" "
.
3 .
92

.
" "
.
Antoine de Montesino .Bartolom de Las Casas
.
.
.
""
. ). "
"( . .

. "" .
" "":
" .
"" .

"".
"" .
. ""
" " " " " ".
.
"" .
. ""
. :

93

.

. .
"
".

" ".

.

. .



" " .
.
4 .
""
.
.
. ""
. " " .Azpilcueta
" "
" .1
1

- Marjorie Grice HUTCHINSON, The School of Salamanca : Reading in Spanich Monetary Theory 15441605, ( 1950); early Economic Thought in Spain: 1177-1740, (1978); Economic Thought in Spain, selected
essays edited with an introduction by Laurence S. Moss and Christopher K. Ryan, Edward Elgar, Aldershot,
Vermont, 1993.

94

""
""
.
" "
" " .
.
"" "" .
" "
"" " "
. "" ""
" "
1562 .1598
"" "" .
1529
. .

.
1 .

:
.
2 " ".
.
" " " "
"" "" . " "
" " " .

95


.
3 " ".
"" Calvin " " 1559
" "
.""
.
4 "".
Calvin ""
" "
"" " "covenant .
.
"
""

.

"" .
huguenots franais
" " Huguenotisme .
.
.
1 .
" " ""Bourges
"" .

96

""
.
.
" "
.


.1
2 "" .
:
.(Le Rveille Matin des Franais et de leurs voisins,( 1573-1574
" " .Eusbe Philadelphe
.Vindiciae contra Tyrannos " .Etienne Junius
" " .

.

"" covenant
.
.
" " " "
"" civisme
.
1 " " Christiane Frmont
Fayard .1991 " " Robert M. Kingdon
: " " .Droz 1970

97


""
.

.
.

.
.
.
" "
.1 1558 "
" . " "
" "
. "
" . anglicane .
.
1 .Puritains
)
( .

. 1572 .

. .

1 : " " Armand


Colin 1980 " " .1971 Barry Coward , and Chris Durston The
.English revolution , London, 1997

98

2 .
Tudors 1485
. .
.
.1529 13.
.
3 " " " ".
" " 1603 Tudors ""
.Stuarts " " .1625

.Puritains
. " " " ". "
" 1628 .Edward Cock
.1215 :


.1 1629 " "
" " .
" "
. .
.
. " "
"" .Arminius

"
" .1638
1

David Wootton " "Divine Right and Democracy 168 .171

99

.
"" Presbytriens
.
. 13 1640
:
) ""
( . " " .
1641 " " .
.
.
.
.
.
" "
)1594 (1632
. Fairfax
.Cromwell Cromwell
. "
" 30 .1649
""
"" Free State 19 .1694
1694 1653
.
1653 Cromwell
"" .Barebones Parliament .
)( 26
460 " " censitaire
2000 .
100

Common law " ".



.
1 .
" " 1066

. :
" "
.

.1Common law


.

.
" "
"" .
" " " "
.
2 Edward Coke (1552 .(1634
. " "
" " . 1620
1621 "" .1628 :
1 : "le droit anglais " PUF .2001

101

Reports ( 11 1600 (1615 Institutes of the Laws of England


(1628 (1644 " " " " .
statutes : common law .
""
.
" " " "
" "
.1 " " " "
. " "
" ."

Stuarts
.

3 " ".
" "
.
" ".
: .
"
".
.
" " 1628
Tudors
Stuarts
1

.George H. sabine and Thomas L. Thorson, A history of Political Theory , Winston, 1973, p.418

102

. : " "
.
.Levellers
1640
" " .
" ."
.
1 .
.
"" .
. " "
Nicolas de Cuse , Marsile Ficin, Pic de la :
Botie,

La

Postel,

Guillaume

More,

Thomas

Erasme,

Mirandole,

.Montaigne
) .
(.
2 .
.
William Allen, Robert Person
. . "" presbytriens
" "rastianisme
" " .

. "" .

103

"" .
. ""

"".
" " Levellers
William Walwyn The comassionate Samartane :
(Liberty of conscience asserted and the separatist vindicated(1644
:

.

.
) (
.
.

.

.
.Levellers
" " .
""
)1646 .(1649 ""
.prophtique
.
1 .

104

Liburne "
" 1 .
":Thomas Rainborough
".
2 .


. .


. " "
.
3 .
" "
" " " "
.Agreement of the people :

.
.
. " "
.
.

:
1649 .(Marchmont Nedham, John Milton, James Harrington ) 1660
1675 .(Henry Neville, Algernon Sidney ) 1683
1

"Wootton" Divine Right and Democracy 283 .285

105

1690 ) Robert Molesworth, Walter Moyle, John Trenchard, John Toland,


.(Andrew Fletcher
:
.
1 .
:
.1649 "" " "
.
.

.
.rule of law

" " " "
. gouvernment of laws, not of men
.
" " .
.
.
" " " "
":
".
.
""
" " Levellers John Liburne
.1645 ":

106


".
2 .1660
" " York
. . :1680
. Sir Robert Filmer
.Patriarcha or the natural power of kigs :


" " Two Ttreatises on Civil :
Gouvernment Discourses Concerning Gouvernment of Sidney
1680 1683 .1698
Sidney Filmer
.
":
" . 1688

.
" " . :

. 1700
" " Whig
:
Memoirs dEdmund Ludlow .
.Historical and Political Works of Milton
.Discourses of Sidney
.Plato redivivus of Neville and Harrington
107

John Trenchad :
Thomas Gordon " The Independant Whig
" . Fletcher "
" David Hume .Adam Smith

"" .
" " rule of law
.
" ".

.
1 " ".
:
.
1685 " " York " ".

.
.

108

. 1688 Guillaume dOrange


" " Marie " " .
Guillaume " " "
" " Guillaume .
13 .1689
Bill of Rights " " 1689
. "" .
.
.
" "
" " whigs "
" . " "

.



1632 .
. ) 1672 (1679
. 1683 1689
.Guillaume dOrange .1704
:
" " .1667
" " .1669
109

" " .1674


" " .1686
" " .1680
" " .1690
" " .1692
" " 1695 .1697
" " .1704
.
" " 1688
. "
" " "
" " .
.
.
:

.

.
. " "

.
.
:
.
.
110

" "
.
.
)
(
.
.
.
. ":

.
.
:
"".

.
.
.

.
.

.

111


.
. :
1 .
2
.
3
.

. )
(.
" "
:
.

.
:
: ) (.
): ( .
.
.

. .
":
" .
112


.
.
" " :
. ":

.
.
) (
. ":
.

".


.
.
" " .
.
. .
" " . :
1 :

.
.
113

2 " " :
:
.

.
.
.
.
.
" ".
.
" . "
.
. " "
. .

.
.
" .
" .
.
.

114

.
: .
.

.
. .

.
. " "
.
.

.
.

. .
:
: .
.
: .
.
: .
.
.
.

115

: .

.
: .

.
:
.
.
.


.

.
.
.

1688 " " Whig
.

.
2 "" .
) .( Mandeville, Hume, Smith, Ferguson, Burke
" "
:
116



" " " "
.
""
.

""
.

.
Edward Coke .Mattiew Hale
"" .
" " ""
social .
.Mandeville
Mandeville. (1670 .(1733
. .Leyde
.1733 : 1703 "".
1704 Typhon " " . 1705 The Grumbling
. Hive , or Knaves Turnd Honest 1720 "
" . " "
.
:
.
.
.
117





" " . Mandeville

.
:


"" .
" " antirationalisme
.1
Mandeville . Hume
.Ferguson
David Hume . (1711 .(1776
Edimbourg .
. " ".
1737 . 1742 " "
. "1752 " . "
" . Hume " " " ".
1 .
Hume
" "
":Mandeville " .
1

- F. A. Hayek , New Studies in Philosophy, Politics, Economics and the History of Ideas , London and
Henley, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1978, p. 260-261.

118

. Hume
"".
2 .
Hume . "
" . .
".
") . 602 (.
.
. .
"" .
Hume . "" .
.
""
""
.
. Hume
" ".

3 .
Hume
.
. Hume
"" " "

119

"" :
.
Hume
. .
. Hume
: .
4 .
Hume
. ).
(.
5 .

" .
") . .(665
" " ) .(666 Hume
Hume .

6 .
Hume :
.
) . 659 .(660

120

.Ferguson )1723 (1816


" " . Josiah Tucker (1712
(1799 Thomas Reid (1710 (1796 .Adam Ferguson

. .
Ferguson .
. " : " ) " (1767
" ).(1792
Ferguson .
""
"" . Ferguson
.

.
" "
Ferguson
.
.
Ferguson
" "
"" . .
Ferguson

: "
121

" . "" ""



.
.
Adam Smith ( 1723 .(1790
Adam Smith
" " . Smith "
" . Smith

.

.
Smith

Smith .
.
" " . " " "
"
.
Smith " " " "

.
Smith
" "
/ " : "
122

.
.
Smith " "
.
Smith .

Edmund Burke (1729 .(1797


" " . "
" .
" " (1790) 1 .
1 .
1 "" .1989

123

Burke "" . "





".1
2 .
Burke
. Burke

.
.

.

.



" "
.
3 " " .
Burke "" . " "
"" . Burke

. soubassement
- George H. Sabine, A History of Political Theory , op. cit., p.558.

124


.

. "
" "" "".


125


.

. .
.

126

1 .
1819 .
"" . .
1832 1867
1885 .1886 "" .
1768 1770
.
.
.

.
Bentham .
Jeremy Bentham ( 1748 .(1832 . utilitarisme
James Mill John Stuart Mill .
" : " " 1776 " "1789
" .Dontologie 1834
:
:
imprescriptible
. Bentham
: .
)
( .
:
Bentham
.
.
127

.
.
.
"" Kant Humboldt
1789 :
" "

" ".
.
. "
" )
( Robert Thomas Malthus (1766
(1834 " " ) "(1798 ")(1820
David Ricardo (1772 (1823 " " ).(1817
Malthus Ricardo " " " .
" Ricardo . Malthus
.
)(
.
"" "" .
. .

.
.
"" :
..

128

" " " "


)

( .
.
.

.John Stuart Mill


"" .John Stuart Mill
1806 James Mill
. Auguste Comte,
.Tocqueville, Carlyle .1873
:
.1848
.1859
129

.1861
.1861
.1874
.1869
1 :
John Stuart Mill "" .

. ":
" . ":

".
2 :
.
.

"" . John Stuart Mill
.


.
.Herbert Spencer
""
. " 1820 .1903
. "" .
. The Proper Sphere of Gouvernment :

130

Ferguson
.
"" .1848 The Economiste
.Social Statics 1850 .
1 .volutionnisme
"" . "
" "" .intemporelle

.
.
""
.

. .
Lamarck
"" . "
" . 1858
" " .
.
1855 " ". 1862 "
" . "" :positiviste
. " " .
"" " "
.
.

131

2 .
""
. The Man versus the state 1884
"" :
...
. "" " " .
Sidney Batrice Webb
. " ".

.
1 .
:
. .

..
. .
132


. .
.

.


.
.

.
.

. .
"
" .

.
.
.

2 .
Karl Popper ( 1902 .(1994
.
" " ) " (1945 " )1944 .(1945
133

.

.
"" inductivisme " " .
induction " "
. ""
.
.
dissymtrie "" .
.
"" .
.

.

"" .

. .
"" 1Thomas Kuhan
"") . (.
""
.
. )
(... .
1

"Thomas Kuhan " ".Flammarion" 1983

134

" " .

.
.
.
" "
.
Michal Polanyi ( 1891 .(1976
)1933 (1948 )
1948 (1958 . The :
Contempt of Freedom (1940) Atomic Reaction (1933) Sience, Faith and
Society (1946) Fulle Employment and free Trade (1948) The Logic of Liberty
(1951) The study of Man (1958) Personal Knowledge (1958) The Tacit
.(Dimension (1955) Knowing and Being (1966

:
" " The Logic of Liberty
1942 1949 Lyssenko
. ""
. "" "".
""

135

.
.
"" ""
"" "" "..

/ .
"" "
" . .
.
.

" " .
.
1921 2002
. 1971 " " . 1993
" ". " " "
" ""

136

"/" "
" .
. ""

" ".
"" :
1980 " "

""
.
". " "
" "
1969 ":
" ""
""
. "
".
1971
.
. " "
.
.
" "Frege .


. .

137

"" " "


. "" " "Kant ":
" . "
" .
.

. " "
. ":
".
""
1957 ""
" " . "" "
.1957 ":
".
1986
" " .
" " 1993
.

" ".

.

138

" " ": utilitarisme


" " . " :

. .
utilitaristes

.
. "" "").
(.
.
" "
.
:

. .
.


":
" " . " "

. ":
.
.
.

139


".
" "
contractualiste .
.
.
.
. :
" "
rule of
law : " "
. "
" .


.contractualiste " " :


.
.


.

.


" "contractuelle "
140

" "
".
" "

. ":

" .
.
.

" " ":
contractualistes .constructivistes
. " "
.
"
" " 1988 " "":
".

" " ":
".

" " Holisme )



( "
" . .
141

":
".

. .
.
" " .
.

":
".
1 .
" " :
. "

"" " "
"" ""
".
" " .
" " .justice as fairnesse


" .

.
.
142

" " .
/ .
" "
" " .
" " " " " "
. " " "
"
.
.
" " .
" "
utilitarisme " " ) intuitionnisme
(.
2 .

.
""
.
. .
.

. .

.

143

. " "
" ".
.
" "
""" " " " .

.
.


.
.
".

" " .
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
144

) (
:
1 :
.
.
2 . :
.

.
.
3 ). (.
.
.
.
4 .:
.
.
.
5 .:
"" : .
.
: .

145


.
1 .
: . " " )
(
. ""

.
.
.
:
.

.
. ) (
.

.

.
" " .
.
.

.

146


:
.
:

.
:

.

. :

.
:
)
(

.
.
. " .


.
:

. .

147

.
.


" " " " . "
" " " " "
".
1 : 2. 3.
4. . "
" . .

:
" "
" "
.
" "


.
.
" "
.
.

148


. " " .
.
" ".
1 .
" "
"
.

.


. :
.
2 .
.
.
" " .
/
.
. .
.
.
.
.

149


" /" "
" . :
.


150

""


"".
" "

151


" "
.
1906 ) ( . .1924
) ( . 23 )
(. 1933 .
1941 .
. .
: 1951 1958
1961 1963 .
" ".
""
.
.
. .

.

.

.
"". "" ""
" "" ."
152




.
""
. .
.

.
.
:
"".
" " :
.

.
.
.

" "
. ""
%50
1936 .1938

.
153

""
.
""
.
" "
.
""
"
".

.
.
.

" " .
:
..

.

.
"" ""

. ""
.
.
154


" " .
:
.
.
""
.
.
..

.
.
.
.
1 :
" . " ""
" "
.
"
" . "
" .
" ".


.
155

. .

. .
2 .

. .
.

. .
"" ""
. " "
.
.
" "


.
.
.

.
1 .
.

." " .
156


.
.

.
2 " ".
. "
"
.
.


.
..
3 .

.
.
.
4 .
.
.

.

157

.
.

. .
"
" . .

1 .

1 .

158

1- Adeline Yves-Marie, Histoire Mondiale Des Ides politiques ,Ellipses


Marketing, Paris.
2- Arendt H., Quest-ce que la politique ? , Seuil, Paris, 1995.
3- Arendt H., Condition de lhomme moderne , Calmann-Lvy, Paris,1983.
4- Aubenque P., La prudence chez Aristote , PUF, Paris, 1963.
5- Baudouin J., Les ides politiques contemporaines , PUR, Paris,2002.
6- Braud Ph., Burdeau F., Histoire des ides politiques depuis la Rvolution ,
Montchrestien, 1992.
7- Chevallier J-J., Histoire de la pense politique , Payot, France, 1983.
8- Chtelet F et alii, Dictionnaire des uvres politiques , PUF, Paris, 1989.
9- Chtelet F., Platon , Gallimard, Paris, 1965.
10- Colas D., Dictionnaire de la pense politique , Larousse, 1997.
11- Colas D, La pense politique , Larousse, Textes essentiels , 1992.
12- Colas D., Le glaive et le flau , Grasset, 1992.
13- Drath R., Rousseau et la science poltique de son temps , Vrin, 1995
14- Dunn J., La pense politique de John Locke , PUF, 1991.
15- Edmond M-P., Aristote: la politique des citoyens et la contingence ,
Payot, 2000.
16- Febvre L., Un destin : Martin Luther , PUF, 1968.
17- Goldschmidt V., Anthropologie et politique. Les principes du systme de
Rousseau , Vrin, 1974.
18- Holmes S., Benjamin Constant et la gense du libralisme moderne ,
PUF, 1994.
19- Jaume L., Hobbes et lEtat reprsentatif moderne , PUF, 1986.
20- Lambert F., Introduction lhistoire des ides politiques , 19e-20e, A.
Colin, Synthse , 2001.
21- Lefort C., Le travail de luvre Machiave l, Gallimard, 1972.
22- Pacaut M., La thocratie, lEglise et le pouvoir au moyen-ge , Descle
de Brouwer, 1989.
159

23- Philippe Nemo, Histoire des ides politiques aux Temps modernes et
contemporains , PUF, Paris, 2002.
24- Philonenko A., Jean-Jacques Rousseau et la pense du malheur , Vrin,
1984.
25- Pocock J. G-A, Le Moment machiavlien , PUF, 1997.
26- Raynaud P., Rials S. (dir.), Dictionnaire de philosophie politique , PUF,
1996.
27- Skinner Q., Machiavel , Seuil, 1989.
28- Spitz J-F., John Locke et les fondements de la libert moderne , PUF,
2001.
29- Strauss L., La cit et lhomme , Agora, 1987.
30- Zarka C., (dir.), Hobbes et la pense politique moderne , PUF, 1995.

2
1- Aland, Kurt, ed. Martin Luthers 95 Theses: With the Pertinent Documents
from the History of the Reformation. Translated by P.J. Schroder. St. Louis:
Concordia Publishing House, 1967.
2- Allen, Charlotte. The Human Christ: The Search for the Historical Jesus.
New York:The Free Press, 1998.
3- Anderson, Bernhard W. Politics and the Transcendent: Eric Voegelins
Philosophical and Theological Analysis of the Old Testament in the Context of
the Ancient Near East. The Political Science Reviewer. I (Fall, 1971), 129.
Aristotle. The Politics. Translated by T.A. Sinclair, revised and re-presented
by Trevor J. Saunders. New York: Penguin Books, 1981.
4- Augustine. The City of God. Translated by Marcus Dods, with an
introduction by Thomas Merton. New York: The Modern Library, 1950.

160

5-Axford, Barrie, Gary K. Browning et al. Politics: An Introduction.


Routledge. 1997.
6- Bainton, Roland . Here I Stand: A Life of Martin Luther. New York:
Abingdon- Cokesbury Press, 1950.
7- Bammel, Ernst. Romans 13. In Jesus and the Politics of His Day. Edited
by Ernst Bammel and C.F.D. Moule, 365384. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1984.
8- Barrett, C.K. Luke-Acts. In Early Christian Thought in its Jewish Context.
Edited by John Barclay and John Sweet, 8495. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press,1996.
9- Baumann, Clarence. The Sermon on the Mount: The Modern Quest for Its
Meaning. Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 1985.
10- Beasley-Murray, G.R. Jesus and the Kingdom of God. Grand Rapids:
William B. Eerdmanns Publishing Co., 1986.
11- Berman, Harold J. Law and Revolution: The Formation of the Western
Legal Tradition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1983.
12- Bloom, Allan. Interpretive Essay. In The Republic, 2nd ed. Translated
with notes, an interpretive essay, and a new introduction by Allan Bloom, 307
436. NewYork: Basic Books, 1994.
13- Burns, J.H. The Cambridge History of Medieval Political Thought c.3501450. Cambridge University Press. 2003.
14- Canning, Joseph. A History of Medieval Political Thought, 300-1450.
Routledge. 1996.
15- Caroline Brett, III Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages (300-900)
(1995).
16- Carlyle, R.W. and A.J. Carlyle. A History of Medieval Political Theory in
the West, Vol. 5, The Political Theory of the Thirteenth Century. Edinburgh:
William Blackwood and Sons, Ltd., 1950.
161

17- Cranz, F. Edward. An Essay on the Development of Luthers Thought on


Justice, Law and Society. Harvard Theological Studies, XIX. Cambridge, MA:
Harvard University Press, 1959.
18- Eric Voegelins Theory of Revelation. The Thomist, 42 (1978), 95122.
19- Fortin, Ernest L. Introduction. In Saint Augustine, Political Writings.
Translated by Michael W. Tkacz and Douglas Kries, edited by Ernest L. Fortin
and Douglas Kries, viixxix. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing, 1994.
20- Gingell, John, Adrian Little, and Christopher Winch. Modern Political
Thought: A reader. Routledge. 2000.
21- Heyking, John von. Augustine and Politics as Longing in the World.
Columbia:University of Missouri Press/Eric Voegelin Institute Series in Political
Philosophy, 2001.
22- Kurt von Fritz, The Theory of the Mixed Constitution in Antiquity; a
Critical Analysis of Polybius' Political Ideas.
23- Mansfield, Harvey C. A Students Guide to Political Philosophy. ISI
Books. 2001.
24- Novak, David. The Mind of Maimonides. First Things 90. 1999.
25- Platonopolis: Platonic Political Philosophy in Late Antiquity; Dominic J.
O'Meara (Hardcover - Jul 3, 2003).
26- Rosen, Michael, and Jonathan Wolff (eds). Political thought. New York :
Oxford University Press, 1999.
27- Strauss, Leo, and Joseph Cropsey (eds). History of Political Philosophy,
third edition. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1987.

162

163

You might also like