Intermediate Ecl

ECL ENGLISH COURSE
INTERMEDIATE
English as a crucial language.
ECL ENGLISH COURSE
Acknowledgments
Cambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary Electronic Edition. Version 1.1. Courtney, Rosemary - Longman Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs. Fisk English Course Books Basic one / two, Book four, Book five, Book six, Advanced two, Free Conversation. Longman Dictionary of English Idioms. Swan, Michael and Walter, Catherine How English Works A Grammar Practice Book With Answers. Oxford.
Planned and Prepared by Ricardo Fernandes Marques
Copyright RICARDO FERNANDES MARQUES Rua Antnio Gonalves 109 Porto Velho So Gonalo, R.J Brasil
ECL ENGLISH COURSE
ECL ENGLISH COURSE
CONTENTS
LESSON ELEVEN
SHORT ANSWERS == ALL THE TENSES PRESENTED UP TO NOW.
LESSON TWELVE
MODAL VERBS == MAY, MIGHT,CAN,COULD,SHOULD,OUGHT, MUST AND MUSTN`T PHRASAL VERBS ( IN/ OUT )
LESSON THIRTEEN
TAG QUESTIONS == ALL THE TENSES PRESENTED UP TO NOW. PHRASAL VERBS ( OUT )
LESSON FOURTEEN
PERFECT TENSES == PART I, AND THEIR USAGES. HOW LONG PHRASAL VERBS ( ON / OFF )
LESSON FIFTEEN
PERFECT TENSES == PART II, AND THEIR USAGES . PHRASAL VERBS ( ON / OFF )
LESSON SIXTEEN
HOW MUCH AND HOW MANY SOME / ANY / NO AND DERIVATES PHRASAL VERBS ( UP / DOWN )
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ECL ENGLISH COURSE

LESSON SEVENTEEN
IF CLAUSES == ALL OF THEM, AND THEIR USAGES. PHRASAL VERBS ( UP / DOWN )
LESSON EIGHTTEEN
DIRECT AND INDERECT == USING ALL OF THE TENSES PRESENTED. PHRASAL VERBS ( BACK /AWAY )
LESSON NINETEEN
RELATIVE PRONOUNS == ALL OF THEM, AND THEIR USAGES. TOO AND SO=ALSO (AFF) EITHER AND NEITHER=ALSO (NEG) PHRASAL VERBS ( OVER )
LESSON TWENTY
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS== ALL OF THEM, AND THEIR USAGES. PHRASAL VERBS GENERAL SEQUENCE OF ADJECTIVES
ECL ENGLISH COURSE
ECL ENGLISH COURSE LESSON 11
Verb Tenses
Do Does Did Will Would Are Were Is Was Are Were Is Are Will Would Is Was
I he she you they you you she he they you there there there there there there
study speak travel to have need
English German England to work to study happy tired
every day? every other day? last night? tonight? every day? today? yesterday? at the moment? last night? later? last week? now? this afternoon? tonight?
playing doing going to going to anybody many tasks be be going to be going to be
chess with him his homework buy some food sell those CDs at your house to do a party at the club an answer for this question? an important game a meeting here
tonight? this evening?
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Short Answers
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes you he she I/we they I/we I/we she he they I/we there there there there there there do. does. did. will. would. am./are. was ./were. is. was . are. was ./were. is. are. will. would. is. was . No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No you he she I/we they I I she he they I/we there there there there there there dont. doesnt. didnt. wont. wouldnt. am not./arent. wasnt./werent. isnt. wasnt. arent. wasnt./werent. isnt. arent. wont. wouldnt. isnt. wasnt. 6
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Substitution Drills 1. Do you__________ ____ _____________ every day? 2. Will _______ __________ ___ ________ tomorrow? 3. Will I ____________ ___________ _____________? 4. Would _____ ________ to __________ with ______? 5. Do ____ always_________ to _________ the ______?
Expressions and Useful Phrases Im damn right / Im fucking right What the hell are you doing there? Whoever/Wherever/Whenever/Whatever What good would it do? Keep track of # Lose track of To make certain that you know what is happening or has happened to someone or something Take into account = To consider or remember when judging a situation.
Important Note Phrasal Verb A phrase which consists of a verb in combination with a preposition or adverb or both, the meaning of which is different from the meaning of its separate parts: 'Look after', 'work out' and 'make up for' are all phrasal verbs. CAMBRIDGE ADVANCED LEARNERS DICTIONARY
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Exercise
1. Make questions for the answers and answers for the questions in the following dialogue.
a. ________________________________________________________________________________?
b. No, I wouldnt. b. How about ____________________________________________________________________? a. ______________________________________________________ _____ _______________ ______ a. Where _______________________________________________________________________ _?
b. _______________________________ __________________________________________________ b. After going to _________________________________________________________________ a. Cool! Thats a very nice idea ... a. At what time __________________________________________________________________?
b. _________________________________________________________________________________ a. See you! b. _______________________________________________________________ _________________ ___
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Modal Verbs
May Can Could Can Could I I I you you open the window? open the window? open the window? drive speak English drive less finish and walk more? all his homework It is too hot here! It is too hot here! It is too hot here! well? three months ago? Permission - Formal Permission - Informal Permission - Polite Ability Present or Future Ability Past or Conditional Recommendation today? Obligation
Should Must
she he
Expressing the same idea:

Should Must Ought to Have to
Expressing Possibility
May Might Strong possibility - affirmatives and negatives Weak possibility- affirmatives and negatives Possibility -affirmatives, negatives and interrogatives (informal) Slight or uncertain possibility. For questions we use the expression to be + likely Are you likely to travel? It can be a good idea. Can she come here tomorrow? Do you think she can win? It could be a good idea.
Can Could
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Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No
you you you I/we I/we she he
may/may not can/cant could/couldnt can/cant could/couldnt should/shouldnt must/ doesnt have to(need to)
open the window. open the window. open the window. drive speak English drive less finish
well. three months ago. and walk more. all his homework
today.
Asking Favors
Can Could Informal Formal Can you help me with the homework? Could I trouble you to open the window?
Prohibition
Mustn`t You mustn`t park your car here!
Substitution Drills 1. _______ he__________ _______ __________ every day? 2. Could she ________ ________ ________ every _______? 3. ________ ______ help her (to) ________ ____ _______? 4. ________ _____ ________ to ________ ______ _______? 5. ________ ________ ___________ _______ __________ ?
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ECL ENGLISH COURSE LESSON 12 Expressions Along with / together with = accompany, emphasizes closeness in time or space Instead of = in substitution According to = as stated or in conformity In spite of = in defiance of, notwithstanding Due to / On account of / Because of = idea of cause
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How to use them?

Too High degree - intolerable Very High degree but tolerable
Phrasal Verbs
Call in Call out Send in Send out Drop in Drop out (of) Push in Push out Stay in Stay out Eat in Eat out Be in Be out Get in Get o ut To invite to enter. To shout something loudly. To order to enter. To cause (someone) to go outside. To visit. To fall out / To choose to leave school, etc. To penetrate or cause penetration To make (something or someone) move outwards by pushing it. At home, inside. Not at home, outside . At home, inside. Not at home, outside . At home, inside. Not at home, outside . To enter To leave
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Exercises
1. Make questions for these answers below.
a. _____________________________________________________________________ ___________? He wouldnt like to eat a lot at the restaurant, because of his health problem. b. ___________________________________________________________ _____________________? He will travel instead of staying in next summer. c. ______________________________________________________ __________________________? She drops him in every other week . d. ________________________________________________________________________________? Mark changed his mind and wont drop out of school anymore
2. Give long answers for these questions below.

a. D oes she eat out every weekend? _____________________________________________________________________________________ b. Is you r mother out? _________________________ ____________________________________________________________ c. Does she like to stay out now and then? _____________________________________________________________________________________ d. How often do you eat out? ______________________________ _______________________________________________________ e. Why dont you call her out so that she can help you out? ______________________________ _______________________________________________________ f. Is he usually in on the weekends? _____________________________________________________________________________________
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Tag Questions
I He She You They You You She He They You There There There There will wouldnt are werent is was are were is are will would playing doing going to going to somebody many tasks be be study speaks traveled have need Spanish French to Australia to work to study busy tired chess with him his homework buy some food sell those CDs at your house to do a party at the club an answer for this question, an important game a meeting here every day, every other day, last night, tonight, every day, today, yesterday, at the moment, last night, later, last week, now, this afternoon, tonight, dont I? doesnt he? didnt she? wont you? would they? arent you? were you? isnt she? wasnt he? arent they? werent you? isnt there? arent there? wont there? wouldnt there? tonight, isnt there?
There
is
going to be
There
was
going to be
this evening,
wasnt there?
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Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No
you he she I/we they I/we I/we she he they I/we there th ere there there will / wont would / wouldnt am - are / am not - arent was - were / wasnt - werent is / isnt was / wasnt are / arent was - were / wasnt - werent is / isnt are / arent will / wont would / wouldnt
study / dont study speaks / doesnt speak traveled / didnt travel have need
Spanish French to Australia to work to study busy tired
every day. every other day. last night. tonight. every day. today. yesterday. at the moment. last night. later. last week. now. this afternoon. tonight.
playing doing going to going to somebody/anybody many tasks be be
chess with him his homework buy some food sell those CDs at my house to do a party at the club an answer for this question. an important game a meeting here
Yes/No
there
is / isnt
going to be
tonight.
Yes/No
there
was / wasnt
going to be
this evening. 14
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Substitution Drills 1. He________ ___________ yesterday, ___________ ___________? 2. She ___________ ______________, ___________ _____________? 3. You ______________ meat, ________________ ______________? 4. ______ ________ to England ________ _______, _______ _____?
Phrasal Verbs
Figure out Find out Pick out Put out Throw out Turn out Work out Help out Try out Make out Come out Look out Run out of Break out of Check out
To calculate . To understand. To discover. To choose. To select. To extinguish fire . To turn off lights. To put (something or someone) outside. To produce. To cast out. To get rid of (something or someone). To result. To find a solution. To understand. To succeed. To result. To calculate. To exercise. To help. To test. To experiment. To understand (something or someone). To decipher. To come outside . To be published. To be expressed in speech. To reach a result. To be careful (usually in the imperative form). To leave a place by running. To lack something. To escape from. to examine something or get more information about it in order to be certain that it is true, safe or suitable
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ECL ENGLISH COURSE LESSON 13 Special Tag Questions I am right, Close the door, Dont forget, Sit down, Lets have a party, arent I? will you? will you? wont you? shall we?
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Informal questions / requests often use negative sentence + question tag. You cant lend me some money, can you? After imperatives, we can use WON`T YOU? to invite people to do things, and WILL / WOULD / CAN / CAN`T /COULD YOU ? (Informal) to tell or ask people to do things. After negative imperative we use WILL YOU ? After Lets we use SHALL WE? We use THEY to refer to nobody, somebody and everybody (and no one etc.). We use non -negative tags after NEVER, NO, NOBODY, HARDLY, SCARCELY, LITTLE. We use IT in question tags to refer to NOTHING. Old and Useful Sayings All is well that ends well. A good example is better than a sermon. Money is the root of all evil. Many hands make light work. Half a loaf is better than no bread. All that glitters is not gold. When poverty comes in the door, love flies out the window. Theres no smoke without fire. Dont bite the hand that feeds you. Birds of a feather flock together.
Idiomatic Expressions and Useful Phrases Look out you dont get robbed. = Be carefull not to get robbed. Ones cup of tea = What one likes. E.G. Soccer is not my cup of tea. On the tip of ones tongue. = To be about to say s omething. E.G. Wait, Wait! I have got his name on the tip of my tongue. On purpose = Intentionally # By chance = not intentionally. E.G. Do y ou think he did that on purpose? Be cut out (for) = To be suited for, have talent for E.G. Im not cut out for this kind of work. I prefer something lighter. By the looks of things = According to what I can see E.G. By the looks of things, long skirts are coming in again Come in = Become fashionable / seasonable
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Exercises
1. Make sentences with tag questions for these answers below.
a. _________________________________________________, ______________________________? Yes , I am cooking tonight. b. _____________________________________ ________ ___, _______________________________? Yes, he is a lovely little boy. c. _____________________________________________ ___, _______________________________? No, she didnt work hard last night. d. _________________________ ______________________ _, ______________________________? Of course!
2. Complete the sentences below with the right tag questions.

a. The policeman came to school yesterday, ______________________________________? b. The teacher broke his leg last weekend, ________________________________________? c. She likes to play with you, ______________________________________ __________ ___?
d. Joanne doesnt like to work here, ____________________ __________________________? e. f. He will ask her out next time he sees her, ____________ _________________________? He would enjoy going out with us, ________________________________________ ___?
g. Everybodys here, ______________________________________________________________? h. Youre never happy, ____________________________________________________________? i. Theres no milk, _______________________________________________________________? j. Nothing matters, ___________________________________________________ ___________?
k. She hardly spoke, ____________________________________________________________ _? l. Theres scarcely enough time, ___________ ______________________________________? m. You never wrote her a letter, _______________________________ ____________________?
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ECL ENGLISH COURSE LESSON 14 Dont be so worried about these little things. Youll see they are not so difficult.
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The Perfect Tenses Part I

Have you worked hard lately? # 1. Pres. Perf. Something that started in the past and comes up to the present. # 1. Pres. Perf. 3 rd person singular. # 2. Pres. Perf. Indefinite Past Time. # 2. Pres. Perf. 3rd person singular. Has Have he you moved? eaten a lot today? # 3. Pres. Perf. Used with periods of time not finished at the moment of speaking. The action may repeat or continue. # 3. Pres. Perf. 3rd person singular.
Has Have
he you
gotten sold
good grades your car?
recently?
Has
he
traveled
this month? studying hard doing her homework? the house when you arrived? when you arrived? this semester?
Have
you
been
Pres. Perf. Cont. Something that started in th e past and comes up to now. It is also used to give emphasis. Pres. Perf. Cont. 3rd person singular.
Has
she
been
Had
they
already painted left
Past Perf. Used when we want to refer to a past action that happened before another one. Past Perf. 3rd person singular.
Had
she
home
Had
you
been
working out trying to hide this secret
when she arrived? when you found out the truth?
Past Perf. Cont. Used when we want to refer to a past action that was completed or interrupted before another one. It is also used to give emphasis. Past Perf. Cont. 3 rd person singular.
Had
she
been
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ECL ENGLISH COURSE Be happy! Give it a Try. Dont be so pessimistic! LESSON 14
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Yes/No Yes/No
I/we he
have / havent has / hasnt
worked gotten
hard good grades my/our car.
lately. recently.
Yes/No
I/we
have / havent
sold
Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No
he I/we he I/we
has / hasnt have / havent has / hasnt have / havent
moved . eaten traveled been studying hard doing her homework . the house when I/we arrived. when I/w e arrived. when she arrived. when I/we found out the truth . a lot today. this month. this semester .
Yes/No
she
has / hasnt
been
Yes/No
they
had / hadnt
already painted left
Yes/No
she
had / hadnt
home
Yes/No
I/we
had / hadnt
been
Yes/No
she
had / hadnt
been
working out trying to hide this secret
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Substitution Drills 1. Had _______ ______ ________ before _________ ____ ______? 2. Has _________ ______________ ____________________ lately? 3. _______ you ___________ _____________ books ___________? 4. We ________ ___________ a__________, __________ _______? 5. They _______ had ___________ ___________, havent _______?
How long have you worked here? How long have you worked here? Ive worked here for three months. Ive worked here since January.
Old and Useful Sayings Water dripping day by day wears the hardest rock away. Dont put the cart before the horse. Beauty lies in lovers Eyes. Handsome Is as handsome does. Money doesnt grow on trees. Where theres a will theres a way. Dont bite off more than you can chew. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. Like father like son. First come, first served.
Idiomatic Expressions and Useful Phrases For good = Forever . Kick (a) habit = To stop, break off a habit. Put ones foot into it = To say something stupid and embarrassing. Be a steal = Something sold very cheaply; be a great bargain. Be Greek to = To b e incomprehensible. Build castles in the air = To p lan things which will probably no succeed, daydream. Come off it! = Stop lying, joking, or being pretentious. Waste ones breath = To speak without result.
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ECL ENGLISH COURSE LESSON 14 Present Perfect Usage Have you ever fallen in love? This is the best food I have ever eaten. Yes I have already fallen in love. No I havent fallen in love yet. No I have never fallen in love. Yes I have just fallen in love Used in questions Uncommon things or in affirmatives to emphasize. Used in affirmative answers to confirm an ever question or to emphasize. Used when the answer is negative but there is intention of doing. Used when the answer is negative and theres no intention of doing. Used to say that something happened now, very soon, or very recently
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Phrasal Verbs
Send on To send something from someone's old address to their new one (to / for)To write to an organization or place to ask them to send you something: I've sent off for a catalogue. We had to send off to Ireland for a replacement part. To continue doing something without stopping, or to do it repeatedly. To not go onto an area, or to stop someone or something going onto an area. To stop something touching or harming someone or something. To not eat, drink or use something that can harm you, or to stop someone else from doing this; To continue to be in a place, job or school after the other people who were with you have left. = To keep off - to not eat, drink or use something that can harm you. To continue to be at a distance from something. To continue no t to attend, (something such as school). To go onto a bus, train, aircraft or boat. To continue doing something, especially work. To leave a train, bus or aircraft. to leave a place, usually in order to start a journey. To criticize someone as soon as they have done something wrong or said something that you disagree with. To leave a place or something with a springing movement. To start ( military)
Send off/away
Keep on
Keep off
Stay on
Stay off
Get on Get off
Jump on Jump off
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Exercises
1. Make questions for these answers below.
a. ____________________________________________________________________________ ____? No, he hasnt been there yet. b. __________________________________________________________________________ ______? He has brought those new tapes for you . c. ________________________________________________________________________________? They have read that book because of the paper they are preparing . d. ________________________________________________________________________________? She has been there lots of times this month. e. ________________________________________________________________ ________________? They have been trying to fix the bus since morning. f. __________________________________________________________________________ ______? He had already come back from London when you decided to ask him to bring some books for you. g. ________________________________________________________________________________? I had been running for thirty minutes when you called me out. h. ________________________________________________________________ ____________ ____? She has been reading that book for more than three months. i. ________________________________________________________________________________? Traveling abroad is what I have ever wanted . j. ________________________________________________________________________________? I have never tried to do something illegal.
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a. What has she just done? _________________________________________________________________________________ ____ b. Where have you been lately? _____________________________________________________________________________________ c. Why had she sold the furniture before phoning you? _____________________________________________________________________________________ d. How long have you been talking over with that girl on the phone? _____________________________________________________________________________________ e. Have you ever had to do something you really hated? What? Why? _____________________________________________________________________________________ f. Have you already had lunch ? _____________________________________________________________________________________ g. Where have you been running these days ? _____________________________________________________________________________________ h. What had she done before you told her the truth? __________________ ___________________________________________________________________ i. Have you ever had an affair? ____________________________________________________________________ ________________ j. Have you ever thought about living abroad? Where?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
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3. Complete the text below with the appropriate verb tense.

A long time ago, on a distant land there _____________ a man who _____________ beyond the woods. He ______________ to be the wisest wizard in that old world. Once he ______________ to_______________ with an old and powerful dragon. He ____________ never ____________ a creature as dangerous and wicked as the sevenhead dragon. Many powerful and wise knights _______________ already ___ ___________ to _____________ the Beast before him, but none ______ _____________. He ______________ himself for the great battle. He _________________ the great wizard book . Merlin, himself, ___________ ________ him a visit in order ___________ ______________ his sorceries ______________, believing that it could be helpful. After some moons the Day finally ____ ____________. He could not _______________ what he ________________ inside his heart, in his soul. The dragon ____________ ______________ to ________________ his head and ______________ his viscera. It _______________ almost a week and after storms, thunders and groans the victor _____________ ________________ tall in the middle of the battlefield. For those who _________________ the winner____________ the wizard, Im so sorry __________ _________________ the winner was the seven-head dragon.
Thats a real ending. We must try to face the truth. Life is not a fairy tale. We must bear in mind life is made of victories and defeats. Be prepared for both of them.
To manage To have To read To swallow To be
To feel To face To pay To smash To take
To try To live To come To hide To stand
To reveal To claim To give away To be To believe
To fight To prepare To defeat To promise
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The Perfect Tenses Part II

Fut. Perf. Used to describe an action which, at some time in the future, will be past or completed. Cond. Perf. Unreal past situation
What
will
you
have done
Whom
would
you
What
may
have gone with have happened to the book? have happened to him have happened have talked to? have left her purse?
by the end of the year? if they had invited you for the party? it is not here on the desk.
Possibility in the past weaker than MUST HAVE.
What
might
if he had jumped out of the window? if you hadnt turned down that proposal?
What
could
Whom Where
should must
you she
Cond. Perf. Unreal past situation or Criticism (You might have told me about that!). Possibility in the past weaker than MUST HAVE. Cond. Perf. Slight or uncertain possibility in the past. Unreal past situation . Criticism (You could have helped me!) Recommendation (past action) Strong p robability or Conclusion of a past action.
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I / We I / We It
will would may
have have gone with have fallen have
graduated Martha behind the d esk. broken his leg lots of money Jaimes sister. inside my car.
by the end of the year. if they had invited me / us for the party. Have you already checked it out? if he had jumped out of the window. if I / we hadnt turned down that proposal.
He
might
I / We
could
have lost
I / We
should
She
must
have talked to have left her purse
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Phrasal Verbs
To use a switch to change a device from one state or type of operation to another. Switch the TV on. If someone switches on a particular emotion or behavior, they suddenly start to feel or behave in that way, but usually not sincerely. To use a switch to change a device from one state or type of operation to another. Switch the TV off. To stop giving your attention to someone or something. To change a device from one state or type of operation to another. Turn the TV on. To interest or excite you, especially sexually: Short girls really turn me on. To change a device from one state or type of operation to another. Turn the TV off. To stop someone feeling interested or excited, especially sexually. To cover part of the body with clothes, shoes, make-up or something similar. To make a device operate, or to cause a device to play something, such as a CD or video, by pressing a switch. To pretend to have a particular feeling or way of behaving which is not real or natural to you: Why are you putting on that silly voice? If people or animals put weight on, they become heavier. To decide or arrange to delay an event or activity until a later time or date. To tell someone that you cannot see them or do something for them, or sto p them from doing something, until a later time . To take someone's attention away from what they want to be doing or should be doing .
Switch on
Switch off
Turn on
Turn off
Put on
Put off
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Phrasal Verbs
Go on
Go off
Call on
Call off
To start operating. To continue or move to the next thing . To talk in an annoying way about something for a long time . To start talking again after a pause. INFORMAL something that you say to encourage someone to say or do something. To continue or pass. Used when encouraging or asking someone to do something. Something that you say in order to agree to do or allow something that you did not want to do or to allow before: "Are you sure you don't want another slice of cake?" "Oh go on then, but just a small one. If a light or a machin e goes off, it stops working. If a bomb goes off, it explodes. If a gun goes off, it fires. To happen in a particular way: The protest march went off peacefully with only two arrests. UK If food or drink goes off, it is not good to eat or drink any more because it is too old. If a warning device goes off, it starts to ring loudly or make a loud noise . To become worse in quality. To leave a wife, husband or partner in order to have a sexual or romantic relationship with someone else. To visit someone for a short time . To use something, especially a quality that you have, in order to achieve something. (sth off) To decide that a planned event, especially a sports event, will not happen, or to end an activity because it is no longer useful or possible . To order a dog, or sometimes a person, to stop attacking someone or something.
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ECL ENGLISH COURSE LESSON 15 Position of Prepositions We generally place the preposition directly before its object; however, sometimes it may be placed at the end of the sentence. Take a look at the examples: What do you want it for? I dont know what he needs it for. What will I write about? Which house did you go to? Whom is the girl Mark is talking to?
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Old and Useful Sayings Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today. All is fair in love and war. Better late than never. You can lead a horse to water, but you can't make him drink. Never look a gift horse in the mouth. It's no use crying over spilt milk. The road to hell is paved with good intentions. It never rains but it pours.
Complete the following questions with the suitable clauses. 1. Could he________________________ if he hadnt broken his leg? 2. Would _________________________________if I had called you? 3. Will _______________________________________ by December? 4. What should ______________________________ last night before
going to bed?
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Exercises
1. Complete the sentences below with the right phrasal verb in the right verb tense.
a. Come on! Why dont you just ____________ _____ __________________ the meeting? b. Why did she refuse to ________________________ ___________________ her cigarette? c. I cant believe we have just _______________ ___________ __________ gasoline again!
d. She told me she had already _____________ ___ _______ what happened that night. e. I cant believe! You have __________________________ ________________________ a lot! f. Dont forget to _____________________ _ ___________ ___ the car before you buy it! g. Have you been __________________________ ________________________ this summer?
h. Hey! Jane has just finished preparing something in the kitchen. Its better to ____________________ i t ___________________. i. How often do you _____________________________ ________________________________? j. When was the last time you _____________________________ __________ somebody? k. How long have you_________________________ ________________________ doing this ? l. Where did you ______________________________ __________ these beautiful flowers?
m. Well at least it ________________ _________ to be a good solution for that problem.
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2. Combine the following verbs with the particles in the box and then create sentences.
a. PUT ___________________________________________________________________________
b. CALL ________________________________________________ __________________________
c. PUT ____________________________________________________________________________
d. TURN __________________________________________________________________________
e. MAKE ___________________________ _______________________________________________
f. STAY_____________________________________________ __________ ____________________
g. TRY ____________________________________________________________________________
h. GO _____________________________________________________________________________
i. SEND __________________________________________________________________________
j.
RUN _________________________________________ ________________________________ __ ON OFF OUT IN OUT OF
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The Countable and Uncountable nouns
How many How much How many
books beer brothers or sisters money
do you do you do you
read usually drink have?
a month? on the weekends?
How much
does she
have in her pocket? go to the beach? spend when you go to the beach? a month? a day?
How many times How much
a month
do you
do you
How many How long
CDs
do you do you
usually buy work out
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I / We
read
I / We
usually drink
lots of books a lot of books a few books few books two books a lot (just) a little little two cans of beer a few. few. none. many. brothers or sisters. lots of money a lot of money (just) a little little two bucks much money once twice three times lots of money a lot of money (just) a little little two bucks much money lots of CDs. a lot of CDs. a few CDs. few CDs. two CDs. many CDs. for two hours
a month.
on the weekends.
Many is mainly used in negatives and questions. Much is mainly used in negatives and questions.
I / We
have dont have
She
has doesnt have
in her pocket.
I / We
go to the beach
a month .
I / We
spend dont spend
when I / we go to the beach.
I / We
usually buy dont buy
(a month)
In this case its more common to omit the time expression.
I / We
work out
a day.
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Complete the following questions. 1.

___________ ___________ cars ________________________?
2. ___________ ___________ time ________________________? 3. ___________ ___________ times _______________________? 4. 5.

How much _________________________________________? How many _________________________________________?
Indefinite Pronouns
Some Somebody or Someone Anybody or Anyone Something Somewhere Affirmative sentences. Questions, when we expect a positive answer. Offers. General questions. Negative sentences, with verbs in the negative form. Affirmative sentences.* Negative sentences, with verbs in the affirmative form.
Any
Anything
Anywhere
No
Nobody or No one
Nothing
Nowhere
Yes I have some plans for tonight. Do you have any plans for tonight? No I dont have any plans for tonight. No I have no plans for tonight. Would you like some help? Could you bring me some water? Oh! Id love to. Sure!
Some
Any *
No
A PART OF SOMETHIN G. I like some Italian restaurant. (Not all of them.) NOT IMPORTANT WHICH. I like any Italian restaurant. (All of them.) NOT ANY. I like no Italian restaurant. (I dont like Italian food / cuisine.)
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Exercises
1. Make questions using how much our how many for these answers below.
a. _______________________________________________ _________________________________? He sold lots of old books last week. b. _________________________________________________________ _______________________? He doesnt have much money. c. ________________________________________________________________________________? Ive spen t lots of time d oing the exercises . d. ________________________________ ________________________________________________? Mark likes just a little sugar in his coffee. e. ________________________________________________________________________________? Hugh spent ten dollars buying new pencils.

a. How many times have the policemen come here this week? _____________________________________________________________________________________ b. How much has she spent lately? _____________________________________________________________________________________ c. How many hours do you usually spend to come here by train? ____________________________ _____________________________________________________ ____ d. How much is it? _____________________________________________________________________________________ e. How much did it cost? _____________________________________________________________________________________
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Phrasal Verbs
To move higher, rise or increase. To reach as far as something: The path going up to the back door is very muddy. To move down to a lower level or place. to reach or go as far as: Its roots can go down three metres. When the sun goes down, it moves down in the sky until it cannot be seen any more. To be reduced in price, value, amount, quality, level or size. If a computer system goes down, it stops working. If an event such as a crime or a deal goes down, it happens. (on)SLANG To use the tongue and lips to touch someone's sexual organs in order to give pleasure .(with) = come down with To arrive or appear somewhere, usually unexpectedly or in a way that was not planned. If something that you have been looking for turns up, you find it unexpectedly. If a better situation or an opportunity to do something turns up, it happens or becomes available unexpectedly or in a way that was not planned. Turn sth/sb down to refuse an offer or request. To care for a child until it is an adult, often giving it particular beliefs. To start to talk about a particular subject. To cause someone in a position of power to lose their job. To reduce the level of something.
Go up
Go down
Turn up
Turn do wn
Bring up
Bring down
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Phrasal Verbs
To wake up and get out of bed, or to tell or help someone to do this. To stand up. To organize a group of people to do something. If the wind gets up, it starts to grow stronger. If something gets you down, it makes you feel unhappy and dissatisfied. To write something, especially something that someone has said. To swallow. (to) To start to direct your efforts and attention towards something. To move towards someone. To be mentioned or talked about in conversation. If a job or opportunity comes up, it becomes available. To happen, usually unexpectedly. When the sun or moon comes up, it rises. If information comes up on a computer screen, it appears there. (against) To have to deal with a problem. (to) To reach the usual or necessary standard. (with) To suggest or think of an idea or plan. To fall and land on the ground. If a price or a level comes down, it becomes lower. INFORMAL to feel less excited after a very enjoyable experience. If a person comes down from a drug, they stop feeling its effects. (on) To punish or criticize a person or activity very strongly. (with) To start to suffer from an illness, especially one that is not serious. To divide something into many pieces. If someone who is talking on a mobile phone is breaking up, their voice can not fully be heard. (with) If a marriage breaks up or two people in a romantic relationship break up, their marriage or their relationship ends. If a machine or vehicle breaks down, it stops working. If a system, relationship or discussion breaks down, it fails because there is a problem or disagreement. To be unable to control your feelings and to start to cry.
Get up
Get down
Come up
Come down
B reak up
Break down
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Exercises
1. Complete the sentences below with the right p hrasal verb in the right verb tense.
a. Now that Andrews parents died, who will _________________ him ______________? b. Why did she ____________________________ _ _______________________ that proposal? c. I cant believe we have just _____________________ _______________, Im still sleepy!
d. Hey asshole! ____________________ ____________ ___ ____________what youre doing! e. I cant believe! You _______________________ __________________ _______________ her ! f. Dont forget to get a coat or you may ______________ ___________ _________ a cold! g. Do you know why the boss is upset with you? Yeah! I havent________________ ________________ ____________ good results lately. h. When was the last time this washing machine __________________ _____________? i. When was the last time you _________________ ____________ __________ somebody? j. Can you hear what he is speaking? Yeah! Oh I cant. Could you please ___________________ ___ it __________________ for me?
k. The food didn't ________________________ ____________ __________ my expectations l. Some people didnt like my book. Well at least they didnt ____________________ _____________ _____________ me.
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a. COME ______________________________________________ ___________________________
b. COME __________________________________________________________________________
c. TURN _________________________________________________________ __________ _______
d. TURN ___________________________________________________________________ _______
e. GET ____ __________________________________________________________ ______________
f. GET_____________________________________________________________________________
g. BRING_________________________________________________________________________
h. GO _____________________________________________________________________________
i. BREAK ________________________________________________________________________
j.
BREAK ________________________________________________________________________ UP UP WITH DOWN DOWN WITH / ON / TO
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Future Possible
If you meet him tomorrow , If she is late, If it rains, What are you going to do Where can we go Do you think she may get worse What will you do? What can we do? Where can we go? if he calls you tonight? if we dont have any money? if she doesnt take the medicines?
Present Unreal
If you had lots of money If you received a strange phone call If they studied hard Where would you take her to How late would you wake up Do you think they might work there What would you do? What would you do? What could happen to them? if you could ask her out? if you didnt have to work the following day? if they spoke good English?
Past Unreal
If you hadnt missed the party If she hadnt broken up with you If he hadnt stopped drinking What would she have done Where could you have gone Do you think he might have won Whom would you have flirted with? Where could you have taken her to? What could have happened to us? if she had seen you with that girl? if you hadnt woken up so late? if he had bet?
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Future Possible
If I / we meet him tomorrow, If she is late, If it rains, Im going to make things clear We / You can go nowhere I think she may / can die I / We will invite him for the party. We / You can do nothing. We / You can / may go to the movies. if he calls me tonight. if we / you dont have any money. if she doesnt take the medicines
Present Unreal
If I / we had lots of money If I / we received a strange phone call If they studied hard I / We would take her to heaven I/ We would wake up at about 9:00 A.M Oh! I think they might / could work there I / We would travel around the world. I / We could call the police. They could / might get better grades. if I / we could ask her out. if I / we didnt have to work the following day. if they spoke good English.
Past Unreal
If I /we hadnt missed the party If she hadnt broken up with me If he hadnt stopped drinking She would have slapp ed me I / We could have gone to the zoo Oh! I think he might / could have won I /we Would have flirted with everything in a skirt. I could have taken her to Paradise. We could / might have died. if she had seen me with that girl. if I / we hadnt woken up so late. if he had bet.
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Exercises
1. Complete the sentences below with the right clause.
a. If____________ ___________________________________________, I will buy new clothes. b. If________________________ ________________________, she would give him a chance.
c. If___________________________________________________, they could have gone there. d. If____________________________________________________, we would have helped her. e. If__________________________________________________, I would tell you everything. f. If_______________________________________________, he wont trouble you anymore. g. If she is here, ___________________________ ________________________________________.
h. If they came here more often , __________________________________________________. i. If he had paid attention to her, _________________________________________________. j. If they had finished the project, _ __________ _______ ______________________________. k. If I worked out more often, _ ____________________________________________________.
l. If you are feeling lonely, ______________________________________________________.
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2. Make If-Clause questions for these answers below.

a. ________________________________________________________________________________? I will do my bes t. b. _________________________ _______________________________________________________? She would help me with this . c. ________________________________ ________________________________________________? He would have tried to call off the meeting . d. ________________________________________________________________________________? They can help people. e. ________________________________________________________________________________? I would never hurt you .
3. Give long answers for these questions below .

a. What would you do if your girlfriend/boyfriend cheated on you? _____________________________________________________________________________________ b. What would you have done if you had had money 10 years ago? _____________________________________________________________________________________ c. Where will you go on your next vacation if you have money ? _____________________________________________________________________________________ d. What would you do if you lost your job? _________________________________________________________________________________ ____ e. Where could you have gone if your friends had called you ? ______ _______________________________________________________________________________
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Phrasal Verbs
Climb up Climb down
Sit up
Sit down
Add up
Grow up
Hurry up Speed up Think up Hold down
To go up. To change your opinion or admit that you were wrong (over). To sit with a straight back. To stay awake and not go to bed although it is late. To show interest or surprise: The news that he was getting married really made her sit up. To move your body so that the lower part of it is resting on a seat or on the ground. Add (sth) up to calculate the total of two or more numbers. Add up to sth (AMOUNT) to become a particular amount. To have a particular result or effect: It all added up to a lot of hard work for all of us. (Person)To gradually become an adult. (City) If a town or city grows up in a particular place or way, it develops there or in that way. hurry (sb/sth) up To move or do things more quickly than normal or to make someone do this. To happen or move faster, or to make something happen or move faster. To produce a new idea or plan. To invent. Hold sb/sth down to keep someone or something in a particular place or position and to stop them from moving. Hold sth down to keep something, especially costs, at a low level. To fall to the ground. To fail. To not be good at something in comparison with another thing: I'm quite good at speaking Chinese, but I fall down on the written work. Let (sb) down (DISAPPOINT).
Fall down
Let down
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Phrasal Verbs
Make up
Cut down
Slow down
Set up
Set down
Start up
Catch up
Settle down
Look down on
To invent. To prepare. To Complete. To replace. (for) To compensate for. To make a tree or other plant fall to the ground by cutting it near the bottom. (on) To reduce. To become slower, or to make someone or something become slower. To be less active and relax more. To arrange for an event or activity to happen. to formally establish a new company, organization, system, way of working, etc. To establish someone or yourself in a business or position: After he left college, his father set him up in the family business. To prepare something for use, especially by putting the different parts of it together. To write or print something, especially to record it in a formal document. If a vehicle sets down a passenger, it stops so that the passenger can get out. If a business or other organization starts up, or if someone starts one up, it is created and starts to operate. If a vehicle or engine starts up, or someone starts it up, it starts to work. (with) To reach someone in front of you by going faster than them. To reach the same quality or standard as someone or something else. (in) To become familiar with a place and to feel happy and confident in it. To start living in a place where you intend to stay for a long time, usually with your partner. To become quiet and calm, or to make someone become quiet and calm. To despise, consider someone inferior.
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Exercises
1. Complete the sentences below with the right p hrasal verb in the right verb tense.
a. Now that Andrew passed the exams and I flunked, I think I wont___________ _______________ __________ him. b. Lea needs money. Why doesnt she ____________ _________ ________ her expenses ?
c. I cant believe she _____________________________ ______________________ that story! d. She is the kind of girl who likes to _______ _______ _____ _____ _________ poor boys. e. The car didnt _ ________ ___________________ __ ____________________ this morning! f. I went to the doctor and he told me ________________ ______________ _____________.
g. Ive got to ___________ ____ ________ __ something really good to increase the sales. h. Hey ! ______________________________ _______________________ or well miss the bus! i. Mr. Smith asked us to ______________________ _________ _____________ production. j. Have you finished _______________________________ _______________ the numbers? k. Ill never __________________________________ you ________________________________!
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a. GROW ________________________________________________________________________
b. MAKE _________________________________________________________________________
c. THINK _____________________________________________________________ ____________
d. CATCH _________________________________________________________________________
e. SIT _____________________________________________________________________________
f. CUT ____________________________________________________________________________
g. BRING_________________________________________________________________________
h. SLOW_________________________________________________________________ _________
i. LET ________________________________________________________________ ____________
j.
CLIMB _________________________________________________________________________ UP DOWN
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Direct and Indirect Speech

Direct Speech He said: I work hard every day. He said: I dont work hard every day. He said: I played soccer yesterday. He said: I didnt play soccer yesterday. She said to me: I will travel tomorrow. She said to me: I wont travel tomorrow. She said: Im going to travel tonight. She said: Im not going to travel tonight. She said: I was going to buy a car. She said: I wasnt going to buy a car. He said: Im studying now. He said: Im not studying now . He said: I was studying. He said: I wasnt studying. He said: Ive studied a lot. He said: I havent studied a lot. She said: Ill have finished it by afternoon. He said: I can drive. He said: I cant drive. He said: I must study hard. He said: I dont have (need) to study hard. He said: It may be a good idea! He asked me: will you come tonight? He asked me: what are you doing? He asked: Close the door! He said to me: Dont close the door! Indirect Speech He said he worked hard every day. He said he didnt work hard every day. He said he (had) played soccer the day before. He said he (hadnt) didnt play (ed) soccer the day before. She told me she would travel the following day. She told me she wouldnt travel the following day . She said she was going to travel that night. She said she wasnt going to travel that night. She said she was going to buy a car. She said she wasnt going to buy a car. He said he was studying that moment. He s aid he wasnt studying that moment. He said he had been studying . He said he hadnt been studying. He said he had studied a lot. He said he hadnt studied a lot. She said shed have finished it by afternoon. He said he could drive. He said he couldnt drive. He said he had (needed) to study hard. He said he didnt have (need) to study hard. He said It might be a good idea! He asked me if I would come that night. He asked what I was doing. He asked to close the door. He told me not to close the door.
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Tense Changes
Simple Present Simple Past Future Immediate Future Future in the Past Present Continuous Past Continuous Present Perfect Future Perfect Can Must Dont have to(need to) May Questions (with a question word) Questions (with no question word) Affirmative imperative Negative imperative Might Could Should/ought to Would Past Perfect Simple Past Simple Past or Past Perfect Conditional Future in the Past Future in the Past Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Conditional Perfect Could Had to / Needed to Didnt have to (need to) Might The Question word + an Aff. or Neg. structure, according to the previous question. If or Whether + an Aff. or Neg. structure, according to the previous question. To + verb( Infinitive ) not to+ verb( Negative infinitive ) Might Could Shou ld/ought to Would Past Perfect
Yes/no questions are reported with if or whether. Its preferable to use whether before or, especially in a formal style. Tenses dont change after present, future or present perfect reporting verbs, because theres no important change of time.
The driver asked if/whether I wanted to go downtown. I enquired whether she was coming by road or by air. He says he doesnt like flowers. Ill tell her your idea is great. The government has announced that taxes will be raised
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Word Changes
Last week Next week Now This morning This afternoon This evening Today Tonight Yesterday Tomorrow LAST NEXT Ago This/these Here The week before The following week/The next week/The week after Then / That day/right away/At that moment That morning That afternoon That evening That day That night The day before The following/next day THE BEFORE THE NEXT/FOLLOWING Before That/those There
Verbs that imply a certain direction may also have to be changed. Examples: come go bring take No and Yes are eliminated in indirect speech.
Idiomatic Expressions and Useful Phrases How do you like? = Whats you r impression of? E.G. How do you like our weather? I think its very hot or I find it really hot.
Old and Useful Sayings Speak of the devil and he appears. He put his foot in his mouth. A word to the wise is enough. Out of sight, out of mind.
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Phrasal Verbs
To avoid. To keep away. To not go somewhere or near something, or to prevent someone from going somewhere or near something. Turn s b away: to not allow someone to enter a place. To move your face so you are not looking at something. To leave or escape from a person or place, often when it is difficult to do this. To go somewhere to have a holiday, often because you need to rest. (with) To succeed in avoiding punishment for something : If I thought I could get away with it, I wouldn't pay any tax at all. Take sth away: to remove something. To subtract a number. Throw sth away/out:to get rid of something that you do not want any more. Throw sth away: to waste a skill or opportunity. To give sth free of charge. To tell people something secret, often without intending to. To show someone's secret feelings. To leave a place or per secretly and son suddenly. (from) To avoid dealing with a problem or difficult situat ion. Run away (with) sb (FEELING).If a feeling or idea runs away with you, you cannot control it and it makes you behave stupidly:Sometimes my imagination runs away with me and I convince myself that they are having an affair. To escape from someone, free oneself of. To remove things from a table after a meal. (of sound, light, wind) To diminish gradually until it ceases. To put things back in their place.
Stay away
Turn away
Get away
Take away Throw away
Give away
Run away
Break away Clear away Die away Put away
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Phrasal Verbs
Answer back Fall back (on) Hold back Keep back Think back Look back (on) Take back Turn back To reply to someone rudely. To make use of sth in an emergency = to turn to someone for help. To control (feelings) To have sth as a secret. To remember. To think about the past. To retract sth said or written. (To begin to) return. To return to a place after you have been somewhere else. get sth back (BE GIVEN) To be given something again that you had before. Get sb back . (ALSO get back at sb) INFORMAL : to do something unpleasant to someone because they have done something unpleasant to you. Ge t back (to)sth : to start doing or talking about something again. Get back (to) sb: to talk to someone again, usually on the telephone, in order to give them some information or because you were not able to speak to them before. Send sth back : to return something to the person who sent it to you, espe cially because it is damaged or not suitable . Give sth back: to return something to the person who gave it to you. Call back (RETURN): to return to a place in order to see someone or collect something. Call sb back (TELEPHONE): to telephone someone again, or to telephone someone who called you earlier. Put sth back (REPLACE): to return an object to where it was before it was moved. Bring sth back (RETURN): to return from somewhere with something. (REMEMBER): to make someone think about something from the past. (DO AGAIN): to start to do or use something that was done or used in the past.
Get back
Send back Give back
Call back
Put back
Bring back
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Exercises
1. Change into indirect (Reported) speech.
a. He said: I like music. ______________________________________________________________ ___________________ b. She asked them: What are you going to do this afternoon? ________________________________________________________________________ _________ c. They said to me: We must study hard. _________________________________________________________________________________ d. She asked me: Have you studied a lot lately? _________________________________________________________________________________
2. Change into direct speech.

a. She told me she wouldnt miss this class. _________________________________________________________ ________________________ b. She asked them if they were able to finish the project. _________________________________________________________________________________ c. They told me to calm down. _________________________________________________________________________________ d. He said he had already painted the house. _________________________________________________________________________________
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a. Now that Im alone I dont know who I will _________________ __________ _________ b. Ive been trying to _________ ___________________ ___ _______________ _____ my tears. c. I cant believe that! Why dont you __________ __________ ______ your childhood?
d. Hey just a second, Ive gotta hang up but in a few minutes Ill ________________ _________ _________you.
e. When you finish reading this book, _____________________________ i t ___________!
4. Combine the following verbs with the particles in the box and then create sentences .
a. THROW _______________________________ ________________________________________
b. RUN _____ __________________________________________________________ ____________
c. ANSWER______________________________________________________________________
d. CALL __________________________________________________________________________
e. PUT ____ ________________________________________________________________________
BACK
AWAY
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RELATIVE PRONOUNS
Jane always helps her mother.
She loves cooking.
WHO People We use to join sentences replacing the subject. WHICH Things and animals. We use to join sentences replacing the subject or the object. In this case subject. WHOSE People, things and animals. We use to join sentences replacing the possessive adjective or any other word that indicates ownership. WHOM People. We use to join sentences replacing the object. WHICH Things and animals. We use to join sentences replacing the subject or the object. In this case object.
Jane, who loves cooking, always helps her mother. The dog is mine. It doesnt like to play.
The dog which doesnt like to play is mine. Joe needs to travel. His mother won the lottery.
Joe, whose mother won the lottery, needs to travel. Jane is sad. I talked to her yesterday.
Jane, whom I talked to yesterday, is sad. The cat is yellow . Ive taken care of him since it was born.
The cat which Ive taken care of since it was born is yellow. Where, When, What and Why can also be used as relative pronouns. The city where I was brought up is far from here Hell never forget the day when he got his first job. I couldnt notice what she did at the party. I cant understand why she did that.
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ECL ENGLISH COURSE LESSON 19 Defining and non-defining relative clauses Relative Clause Defining Nondefinig Use provides essential information about the subject or object.; cant be omitted povides additional information about the subject or object; can be omitted withou distorting the meaning. Punctuation
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Example The drivers who were drunk were arrested. (not all, but only the ones who were drunk). The green racing car, which is an old model, crashed into the wall. (an old model is irrelevant to the identification of the car.)
without commas
between commas
THAT cannot be used in non-defining relative clauses.
Omission of relative pronouns

Relative pronouns can be omitted when they are the object of the relative clause. The girl who(m) / that I love is cute. The girl I love is cute. The girl who loves me is cute. In this case it cannot be omitted, because who is the subject of the relative clause. WHOSE can never be omitted.
How to use them?

TOO AND SO USED IN SHORT AFF. SENTENCES = ALSO She will travel. I will too. (or)So will I. EITHER AND NEITHER USED IN SHORT NEG. SENTENCES = ALSO She doesnt like him. I dont either. (or) Neither do I.
Old and Useful Sayings It takes two to make a fight. Make do with what you have. Dont wash the familys dirty linen in public. A burnt child dreads the fire.
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Phrasal Verbs
Go over Talk over To examine. To discuss a problem or situation with someone, often to find out their opinion or to get advice before making a decision about it. To quickly examine something or someone. To consider carefully. If a vehicle or its driver runs over someone or something, the vehicle hits and drives over them. To jump from one side to another. To redecorate. Do sth over (DO AGAIN). To come to a place, move from one place to another, or move towards someone. To seem to be a particular type of person: I watched the interview and felt he came over as quite arrogant. To recover from. To make fall by pushing or hitting. To flow over the side. If someone falls over, they fall to the ground:She tripped and fell over. Fall over sth/sb (COVER) LITERARY: to cover something or someone: A shadow fell over her work and she looked up to see who was there .
Look over Think over Run over Jump over Do over
Come over
Get over Knock over Boil over
Fall over
Expressions In time = early enough. On time = at exactly the right time. For the time being = for now, temporarily Step on one`s toes = To offend someone, to hurt someone`s feelings Otherwise = if not; or else
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Exercises
1. Join the sentences using a relative pronoun . a. Jane is tired. She works a lot. ___________________________________________________________ ______________________ b. The boy is sick.I need to talk to him. _____________________________________________________________________ ____________ c. Debby is traveling. Her cat died. _________________________________________________________________________________ d. The dog underwent surgery. Its owner is worried. _______________________________________________________________________________ __ e. Janet became very famous. Her stories are always interesting. __________________________________________________________________________ _______ f. Phil and Joane bought an old house. They love old things . _________________________________________________________________________________ g. The dress is beautiful. She bought it last week. _________________________________________________________________________________ h. That employee was promoted. He was about to travel on vacation. _________________________________________________________________________________ i. His tie cost a lot of money. It was imported from Italy. __________________________________________________________________________ _______ j. The ladder is much bigger. It belongs to John. _________________________________________________________________________________
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a. Tina hates her bedroom. I think it`s time to ____________________ it ____________. b. Ive been ________________ it __________, but up to now I found no solution to this. c. I cant believe you _____________ _________ _______ your test before handing it in!
d. Hey! be careful ________ __________ ___________ ____________ the glass beside you! e. What were you ______________________ ____________________ on the phone last night?
a. THINK ________________________________________________________________________
b. LOOK___________________________________________________________________________
c. FALL ___________________________________________________________________________
d. GO ____________________________________________________________ _________________
e. DO _____________________________________________________________________________
OVER
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ECL ENGLISH COURSE LESSON 20 Stop loving yourself and work, you fool!!!
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REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
SUBJECT PRONOUNS I YOU HE SHE IT WE YOU THEY REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS MYSELF YOURSELF HIMSELF HERSELF ITSELF OURSELVES YOURSELVES THEMSELVES
How to use them?

We use the reflexive pronouns in three situations: Subject = Object She hurt herself while cooking. Emphasis I talked to the director myself. Preceded by by It Means alone or without help He traveled to England by himself. I fixed the car by myself.
He looked at himself at the mirror They themselves wrote the letter.
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Exercises
1. Complete the following sentences with the suitable reflexive pronouns and cases
a. He ________________________________________________ fixes the meals in his house. b. She would like to live ___________________________________________________ ______. c. They painted their houses _____________________________________________________. d. I dont like pork ________________________________________________________________. e. We ______________________________________________________should talk to the boss. f. They need to stay awhile ______________________________________________________.
2. Create sentences using the following pronouns:

a. She / them / herself. _________________________________________________________________________________ b. He / Her / himself . ________________________________________________________________________ _________ c. They / us / their / themselves. _________________________________________________________________________________ d. I / my / by myself. _________________________________________________________________________________ e. We / our /by ourselves. _________________________________________________________________________________
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Phrasal Verbs
Settle for
Major in Sneak away Carry away
Stand up Wash off Take off
To accept or agree to something or to decide to have something, although it is not exactly what you want or it is not the best: She never settles for second best. To study something as your main subject at university: She majored in philosophy at Harvard. To leave secretly. Also carry off. To take (sth)or (someone) away. To remove: Trash left on the beach during the day is carried away (= removed) at night by the tide. To be in a vertical state or to put into a vertical state, especially (of a person or animal) by straightening the legs . To remove by washing. Take sth off (REMOVE): to remove something, especially clothes. Take off (FLY) phrasal verb . If an aircraft, bird or insect takes off, it leaves the ground and begins to fly. To place (something, someone or oneself) down, as on the ground, furniture, etc. To transport or take something toward the inside of a container, place or area . To investigate.To examine the facts about a problem or situation. To try to find (something or someone, often that is lost). To manage without having something : I cant do without your love. To assume the responsibility. To be friendly to. To support or help someone . To quit. To stop. To meet by chance.To drive a vehicle accidentally into an object or a person in another vehicle:I had to brake suddenly, and the car behind ran into me.He ran his motorbike into a tree. To go to bed ( to sleep ). To put on a piece of clothing to discover if it fits you or if you like it. ECL ENGLISH COURSE 62
Lay down Carry in Look into Look for Do without Take over Get along with Back up Give up Run into
Turn in Try on
63
Exercises
a. I cant believe you ____________ _____ ______ _____________ ________ your parents! b. You wouldnt guess who I __________ _______ ______________ on the bus yesterday.
c. Wherever you go, whatever you do I ____________ always___________ you _______. d. At what time _______________ you usually _____________________ _______________? e. What cant you _________________________________ _ _______________________ _____ ?
a. LOOK___ ________________________________________ _______ _________________________
b. LOOK___________________________________________________________________________
c. LAY____________________________________________________________________________
d. BACK __________________________________________________________________________
e. DO _____________________________________________________________________________
UP
WITHOUT
INTO
FOR
DOWN
ECL ENGLISH COURSE
63
ECL ENGLISH COURSE LESSON 20 GENERAL SEQUENCE OF ADJECTIVES: Determ iner the a this that these those my your Ordinal number first second 27th last Quality word clean attractive handsome nice dirty foolish crazy rich poor delicious unusual tender tough ripe odd large immense modern old dark golden thin fat red tiny slender stout huge fresh ancient white Size big little small tall short Age young old antique middle-aged 6-year-old under-aged 1-month -old green Color brown grey blue
64
Noun horse city ring man boxes couples parrot girlfriend widower cake ship ham steak fruit boys building statue
Very Should be placed before the modifier we wish to emphasize: VERY BIG, VERY OLD, VERY STOUT, VERY TALL, ETC.
Exercise
1. Put the words in parentheses in the correct order:
a. When will ____________________________________call back? (young nice that girl) b. Where is________________________sneaking away to?(old man that little white) c. Did _________________dog carry away_____________________meat? (brown big the) (old tough that) d. Why doesnt________________________________ stand up? (little that parrot green) e. Is this __________________________________ neighbor? ( young our very attractive)
ECL ENGLISH COURSE
64
ECL ENGLISH COURSE LESSON 20 GENERAL SEQUENCE OF ADJECTIVES: Determiner a an this that these those our his her Age or Temperature new cool hot cold warm old Shape odd -shaped square rectangular round broad narrow wide flat Color dark light bluish green yellowish greenish brownish reddish Material steel iron gold silver wool silk synthetic wooden plastic leather nylon German French washing ironing Japanese American Origin Gerund English
65
Noun knife gate watch chain sweater stockings material floor dish coat rug refrigerator salad dressing machine board car egg beater
Exercise
1. Put the words in parentheses in the correct order:
a. Is she going to put on ______________________________________sweater? (hot that wool yellow) b. Why doesnt he wash off _______________________________spoon? (old soup that greenish) c. Why is she taking off ___________________________ stockings? (light new silk very those) d. When are they going to lay down______________________ __________________rug? (that brownish new rectangular nylon ) e. They couldnt carry in ______________________________cloth. (cotton that dark) ECL ENGLISH COURSE 65

Intermediate Ecl

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Intermediate Ecl

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ECL ENGLISH COURSE

ECL ENGLISH COURSE

Planned and Prepared by Ricardo Fernandes Marques

ECL ENGLISH COURSE

ECL ENGLISH COURSE

SHORT ANSWERS == ALL THE TENSES PRESENTED UP TO NOW.

ECL ENGLISH COURSE

ECL ENGLISH COURSE

IF CLAUSES == ALL OF THEM, AND THEIR USAGES. PHRASAL VERBS ( UP / DOWN )

ECL ENGLISH COURSE

ECL ENGLISH COURSE LESSON 11

study speak travel to have need

English German England to work to study happy tired

playing doing going to going to anybody many tasks be be going to be going to be

tonight? this evening?

ECL ENGLISH COURSE

ECL ENGLISH COURSE LESSON 11

ECL ENGLISH COURSE

ECL ENGLISH COURSE LESSON 11

ECL ENGLISH COURSE

ECL ENGLISH COURSE LESSON 11

b. _________________________________________________________________________________ a. See you! b. _______________________________________________________________ _________________ ___

ECL ENGLISH COURSE

ECL ENGLISH COURSE LESSON 12

Expressing the same idea:

ECL ENGLISH COURSE

ECL ENGLISH COURSE LESSON 12

Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No

you you you I/we I/we she he

ECL ENGLISH COURSE

How to use them?

ECL ENGLISH COURSE

ECL ENGLISH COURSE LESSON 12

2. Give long answers for these questions below.

ECL ENGLISH COURSE

ECL ENGLISH COURSE LESSON 13

ECL ENGLISH COURSE

ECL ENGLISH COURSE LESSON 13

Spanish French to Australia to work to study busy tired

playing doing going to going to somebody/anybody many tasks be be

ECL ENGLISH COURSE

ECL ENGLISH COURSE LESSON 13

ECL ENGLISH COURSE

ECL ENGLISH COURSE

ECL ENGLISH COURSE LESSON 13

2. Complete the sentences below with the right tag questions.

ECL ENGLISH COURSE

The Perfect Tenses Part I

good grades your car?

already painted left

working out trying to hide this secret

when she arrived? when you found out the truth?

ECL ENGLISH COURSE

ECL ENGLISH COURSE Be happy! Give it a Try. Dont be so pessimistic! LESSON 14

have / havent has / hasnt

hard good grades my/our car.

Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No

has / hasnt have / havent has / hasnt have / havent

already painted left

working out trying to hide this secret

ECL ENGLISH COURSE

ECL ENGLISH COURSE LESSON 14

ECL ENGLISH COURSE

Get on Get off

b. _________________________________ a. See you! b. _ _ _

m. Well at least it ________ _ to be a good solution for that problem.

b. CALL ______________________

e. MAKE _ _____________________

f. STAY_______________________

RUN ___________ ON OFF OUT IN OUT OF

2. _____ _ time ______________? 3. _ _ times _________________? 4. 5.