A presentation on

Flexural & Shear Design of Deep Beam

Presented by Pragya N R P Roy (P t ) (Peter) Structural Engineer

Contents
What is Deep Beam Behavior of Deep Beam Flexural Design of Deep Beam Shear Design of Deep Beam g p Examples p

What is Deep Beam

Large depth/thickness ratio And shear span depth ratio less than 2.5 for concentrated load and less than 5.0 for distributed load. Where the shear span is the clear span of the beam for distributed load

Application
Pile Cap Cap. Bridge Girder. Wall l b W ll slabs under vertical l d d ti l loads. Floors slabs under horizontal loads. Some shear walls.

Behavior of Deep beam

Two-Dimensional Action. Plane Section Do Not Remain Plane, in the deep beam design. The strain distribution is no longer linear. The shear deformation cannot be neglected as in the ordinary beam. The stress distribution is not linear even in the elastic stage. At the ultimate limit state the shape of concrete compressive stress bl k i not parabolic shape i block is b li h again.

Behavior of Deep beam

The distribution of tensile stress at bottom fiber is constant over the span. Tensile stress in the bottom fiber at support and at mid span is almost the same. The tension reinforcement must be extended to the end of support. Th maximum t The i tensile stress at th b tt il t t the bottom fiber is far exceed the magnitude of compressive stress. i t

Design Criteria for flexure in deep Beams

Simply Supported beams:

The ACI code does not specify a simplified g procedure design p ACI procedure for flexural analysis and design of deep beams follows rigorous non linear approach The simplified provisions presented in this section are based on the recommendations of the Euro International Concrete Committee Euro-International (CEB).

Design Criteria for flexure in deep Beams

A schematic stress distribution in a homogeneous deep beam having a span/depth ratio Ln/h = 1 0 1.0 It was experimentally observed that the moment lever arm does not change significantly even after initial cracking

Design Criteria for flexure in deep Beams

Nominal Resisting Moment, Mn = Asfy (moment arm jd) The reinforcement area As for flexure is As = Mu/fyjd 3fc bd/fy 200bd/fy The lever arm as recommended by CEB jd= 0.2(l+2h) for j 0 2( 2 ) f 1 l/h <2 2 jd=0.6l for l/h <1 l= Effective span measured from c/c. The tension reinforcement has to be placed in the lower segment of beam height such that the g g segment height is Y=0.25h-0.05l < 0.20h

Design Criteria for flexure in deep Beams

SHEAR DESIGN OF DEEP BEAM

The shear design of deep beam is similar as shear design of ordinary beam. g y The difference is the concrete shear strength. Limitation of ultimate shear force. Horizontal and vertical stirrups distribution. BASIC DESIGN EQUATION Vn Vu Vn = nominal shear strength Vn = design shear strength = strength reduction factor (0.85) g ( ) Vu = ultimate shear force, factored shear force

SHEAR DESIGN OF DEEP BEAM

As shear design of ordinary beam, the shear force is resisted by the concrete component and by the shear reinforcement component, as follows : Vn = Vc + Vs where : Vn = Nominal shear strength Vc = Concrete shear strength without shear reinforcement Vs = shear reinforcement (stirrup) shear strength ( p) g

CONCRETE SHEAR STRENGTH

The concrete Shear strength of deep beam is taken as

where : Vc = concrete shear strength (N) Mu = ultimate fl lti t flexure moment (N t (Nmm) ) Vu = ultimate shear force (N) fc = concrete cylinder strength (MPa) p d = effective depth bw = width of beam web w = longitudinal reinforcement ratio

CONCRETE SHEAR STRENGTH

Or ,the concrete shear strength can be determined as :

The maximum limit of concrete shear strength is : s

CONCRETE SHEAR STRENGTH

The section must be enlarged if the ultimate shear force does not follow the condition below :

Or,

STIRRUP SHEAR STRENGTH

The st e gt o horizontal a d vertical s ea e strength of o o ta and e t ca shear reinforcements is :

LIMITS OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

The minimum shear reinforcement area is :
Avmin = 0.0015 (bsv)
Avhmin = 0.0025 (b

sh)

where : Av-min = minimum vertical stirrups Avh-min = minimum horizontal stirrups h i b = width of beam sv = spacing of vertical stirrups i f ti l ti sh = spacing of horizontal stirrups

MAXIMUM SPACING OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

The maximum spacing of shear reinforcement is : p g

CRITICAL SECTION IN DEEP BEAM

The critical section to determines the ultimate shear force in the deep beam is :

STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE

The followings are the step by step procedure used in the shear design for deep beam, as follows : Determine the critical section to calculate the ultimate shear force Vu.

STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE

Check the ultimate shear force, enlarge the section if the condition is not achieved.

STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE

Calculate the concrete shear strength Vc:

STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE

If Vu < 0.5Vc then no shear reinforcements needed, but for practical reason provide minimum shear reinforcement: ti l id i i h i f t

If Vu > Vc then provide the shear reinforcements.

STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE

Calculate the ultimate shear force carried by the stirrups Vs.

Choose the vertical and horizontal stirrups until the condition Ch th ti l d h i t l ti til th diti achieved.

STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE

Check the spacing of shear reinforcement

sv and sh.

If necessary check the chosen shear reinforcements for the basic design equation for shear design.

STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE

The design procedure above is repeats until the basic design equation for shear design is achieved

Example: Design Problem

Flexural Design of a Simply Supported Beam

Example: Design Problem

MATERIAL Concrete strength = K 300 Steel grade = Grade 400 Concrete cylinder strength = f'c = 0.83 30 = 24.9 MPa 1 = 0.85 DIMENSION b = 500 mm h = 2750 mm Concrete cover = 50 mm d = 2700 mm

Example: Design Problem

Design Force Mu=1.4((1/8)*qL^2 = 1 4((1/8)*6000*5^2 1.4((1/8)*6000*5^2 =26250 kgm Deep Beam Checking Ln/d = 4700/2700=1 74 4700/2700 1.74 Where, 1.0 1.74 5.0 Deep beam action

Example: Design Problem

Lever Arm jd = 0.2(L + 2h)= 0.2(5000 + 2(2750)) =2100mm Positive Reinforcement Mu = 262500000Nmm

Example: Design Problem

Example: Design Problem

SHEAR DESIGN OF SIMPLY SUPPORTED DEEP BEAM

Example: Design Problem

MATERIAL Concrete strength = K 300 Steel grade = Grade 240 Concrete cylinder strength = f'c = 0.83 30 = 24.9 MPa 1 = 0.85 DIMENSION b = 500 mm h = 2750 mm Concrete cover = 50 mm d = 2700 mm

Example: Design Problem

Design Force
X =1.5Ln=0.15x4700 =705mm Vu =1 4(10770)= 15078 kg =1.4(10770)= Limitation Checking

The Section is not enlarged.

Example: Design Problem

Concrete Shear Strength

Example: Design Problem

Design of Stirrups Vu= 150780 < 0 5**Vc =872161 0.5**V 872161 Provide minimum web reinforcement For horizontal and vertical stirrups we g choose 2 legs 10. Av=2((1/4)* 2 =2((1/4)* *102 =157mm2

Example: Design Problem

Example: Design Problem

Reinforcement arrangement

References
Reinforced Concrete by E G Nawy E. G. http://www.asdipsoft.com/Deep-bm.htm

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