AB1011AB1011-Module pool ProgrammingProgrammingv1.

Module pool programming

1 2

Introduction Syntax Description

3

Demonstration Exercises HelpMe

Module Pool program.

Module Pool Program (also called Online programs , dialog programs, or transactions) do not produces lists. These programs are a collection of screens, their Flow Logic, and the code within the main ABAP program.

A dialog program offers:

A user-friendly user interface Format and consistency checks for the data entered by the user Easy correction of input errors Access to data by storing it in the database.

Purpose
For performing any kind of task in SAP R/3 system, a transaction is used. SAP provides a standard set of transactions to manipulate data in the system. But sometimes, the need to create a customer specific transaction arise due to following reasons :

 Standard SAP may not support that task. task.  A particular transaction needs to be customized to suit the customer requirements .

A transaction (also called module pool programs, dialog programs) is defined as a collection of screens (the actual, physical image that the users sees), their Flow Logic (code behind the screens ), and the code within the main ABAP program.

Creating an Online Program

Online program name must begin with either a Y or Z.

Program Attributes
With TOP INCL. should be checked. Go back to Repository Browser, not source code.

Title Type M Application

Module Pool Program Components

ABAP
Top Include

PBO Modules

PAI Modules Subroutines

Module Pool Program

An online program consists not only of the screens and their Flow Logic, but also ABAP program components: Global data, PBO modules, PAI modules, and subroutines. Global data: It is declared in the Top Include program. PBO and PAI modules: It contain the main processing logic of online program and are called from within the Flow Logic of the screens.

The subroutines (if necessary) are in a separate include program.

Executing an Online Program

F8
Transaction Code

Transaction Text

Program Name

Initial Screen

required

required

required

Module pool programming

1 2

Introduction Syntax description

3

Demonstration Exercises HelpMe

Tools used:
When creating an module pool program, you will use many tools within the ABAP Development Workbench: Screen Painter, ABAP Editor, Menu Painter, ABAP Dictionary, and Repository Browser. ABAP Editor (SE38) To maintain main ABAP program. Program contains data declarations and modules.
IB M G lo b a l S e rv ic e s

D e v e lo p in g O n lin e P r o g r a m s
S c re e n P a in te r R e p o s ito r y B ro w s e r A B A P E d ito r

M e n u P a in te r A B A P D ic tio n a r y

S li d e 2

O n li n e P r o g r a m m i n g | 2 .0 1 | A u g u s t - 2 0 0 3

C o p y r i g h t IB M C o r p o r a t i o n 2 0 0 3

Tools used:
Screen Painter(SE51) used to maintain components of screen. Menu Painter(SE41) Used to design GUI. Maintain Transaction(SE93) To create transaction code for program. Object Navigator (Repository Browser)(SE80) - You should always use the object navigator for online programs because you will be able to see the hierarchy. From this hierarchy list, you will be able to branch to the Screen Painter, ABAP Editor, Menu Painter, and ABAP Dictionary. You should always use the Repository Browser to create online programs because the system will automatically maintain an online programs subobjects and you will be able to see the hierarchy list of these sub-objects. From this hierarchy list, you will be able to branch to the Screen Painter, ABAP Editor, Menu Painter, and ABAP Dictionary.

Creating a Program
Create a program using transaction SE38. Program name as Z_MODULE_TRAINING. Program type should be Module Pool. Save and activate the program.

Use object navigator(SE80) to further develop the object.

Program Structure
Module pool program when viewed from SE80 transaction will have structure as below,

Assigning transaction code

Dialog program is executed using transaction code. We can not execute this like normal report using execute or pressing F8 button. Transaction is created using SE93 transaction or from object browser by right clicking on transaction, click on create. Give name and description and select the radio button Program and screen (dialog transaction)

Use of Screen
Screen is a interface between user and SAP. Using screen user can provide input to program and in turn program will display result on screen. Screen is made up of screen elements such as text box, input/output field, check box, radio button etc. One of the strength is that screen elements are combined with the ABAP dictionary to allow check the consistency of the data that user has entered.

Screen Painter
To start the Screen Painter, choose the corresponding pushbutton on the initial screen of the ABAP Workbench or enter Transaction SE51. Best practice is to go to transaction SE80, enter program name and you can perform one of the below, 1. Create new screens. 2. Test an existing screen. 3. Create new components for an existing screen. screen. Screen is always created for an existing program.

Overview of Screen Painter

Screen Painter
Screen Attributes

Screen Layout

Flow Logic

Field Attributes

Developing Screen
From Object navigator (SE80) we can create the screen as shown, Click on Screen, right click and select create option. Now enter screen number.

Developing Screen
Screen numbers can be up to 4 characters long, all of which must be digits. The number 1000 is reserved for table screens and report selection screen. Screen numbers from 9000 are reserved for customer-specific screens. customerThe use of screen numbers is namespace-dependent. namespaceFor screens in programs in the SAP namespace, numbers less than 9000 are reserved for SAP screens, numbers between 9000 and 9500 are reserved for SAP partners, and numbers greater than 9500 are for customers.

Devel

ing i

reen

For screens in programs in the Customize namespace, any four digit number can be used as screen number except 1000 as mentioned above. Usual practice is to have screen numbers for customize module pool program, starting with 100 then continue as 200, 300 etc. Enter screen number and click on create.

Developing Screen
Enter description and save. Check the screen and activate it.

Screen Attributes
Short description Describes screen purpose Original language Default logon language Package Identifies the package with which screen is saved Last changed on/by Date & time screen is last changed Last generation Date & time screen is last generated.

Screen Attributes
Screen Type Normal Default setting Subscreen To indicate the screen as a subscreen Modal dialog box used to display details in a dialog box. Used for data input, confirmation/error/help messages. Selection screen Identifies selection screen. The system sets this attribute automatically. Settings Hold data On checking this, system can hold entries made on the screen at runtime. System automatically displays this data if the user calls the particular screen again.

Screen Attributes
Settings Switch off runtime compress On setting this option, the screen is not compressed at runtime. Template non executable This attribute is primarily for internal use by SAP. Hold scroll position On setting the attribute, the scroll position is retained when the user returns to the screen after processing another screen. Without application tool bar To suppress the display of the application toolbar belonging to the current program status. Other Attributes Next Screen Next screen number to be displayed.

Screen Attributes
Other Attributes Cursor position Identifies the screen element that contains the cursor when a screen is first displayed. If you leave this field blank, the system uses the first screen field that can accept input. Screen group Specifies a four-character identifier of a group of associated fourscreens. Line/Columns Occupied Specifies the size of the screen area currently occupied with screen elements Maintained Size of the screen in rows/columns. Context menu It will hold a routine name required to set up the context menu in the program. This routine connects the screen (elements) from the Screen Painter to the context menu of the program.

Screen Layout Mode

The Screen Painter has a layout editor that you use to design your screen layout. It works in two modes: Graphical mode Drag and drop interface is used, similar to a drawing tool.

Alphanumeric mode Keyboard and menus are used for designing. Both modes offer the same functions but use different interfaces. Graphical mode of screen designing is commonly used.

Screen Designing
We have learnt about creating a screen. To start screen design, click on layout button on Graphical Screen painter will start loading. screen.

Components of Layout Editor

Element palette Used for creating screen elements. These can be drag & dropped on screen. Work Area Screen design is done in this area.

Element bar screen element attributes appear in this line. You can also change these attributes in the corresponding field.

Radio Button

Creating Radio Button

Click on the Radio Button Icon and Click on the Screen. Create at least two Radio Buttons Name the Radio Buttons and Activate it.

Defining Radio Button Group

Assign Radio Buttons into one Group.

Select the Radio Buttons and Follow the steps.

Check Box
Creating Check Box

Name the Check box

Click on the Check Box Icon and Click on the Screen. Name the Check Box and Activate it. Special input/output fields that the user can either select (value X) or deselect (value SPACE). Checkbox elements can be linked with function codes.

Screen Components
Screen element properties can be seen in detail by double clicking on the element. Properties of an element can be set here, such as variable length, F4 help, input/output, mode of display etc. Best practice is to define screen elements by adopting the corresponding field from the ABAP Dictionary. However, you can also use field descriptions that you defined in your program. To do this you must generate the program first.

Screen Elements
Scr l ts r , T xt fi l I t/ t t fi l ck x R i tt s tt T stri x Sub scr r T bl c tr l ust c tr l St tus Ic Eac element will ave unique name. E c l t Functi n c de will be assi ned f r us e butt ns, tab titles in tab stri c ntr ls, Input/ utput fields wit t e "Dr pdown box" Input/output "Dropdown attribute. Eac element will ave its position on screen, visible/definite lengt , mode of display etc.

Screen Elements
Push Button Can be placed on screen by drag & drop from Element palette. To set the properties, double click on it. Each screen element should have unique name. In addition to that push button will have text and function code assigned to it.

Screen Elements
Program Tab is Selected Choose if want to Make the Field Mandatory Tick If Input or Output Box Entries in (*********) Function Code for Push Buttons, check box, Radio Button Dict. Tab is Selected

Assign Parameter ID to Input / Output Field

Screen Elements
Once screen is designed, it should be saved and checked for errors and activated. Screen looks as below,

Input Box

Testing Screen
Screen can tested by executing F8 or click on button

Testing Screen

Flow Logic
Default flow logic for any screen is generated as shown below,

Menu Painter
In all programs GUI consists of a menu bar, a standard toolbar, an application toolbar and title bar. A programs GUI is created in Menu Painter. Painter. To Create a Menu for a screen, in flow logic uncomment MODULE STATUS_0400. in PBO event PROCESS BEFORE OUTPUT. MODULE STATUS_0400. PROCESS AFTER INPUT. * MODULE USER_COMMAND_0400.

Menu Painter
Now double click on STATUS_0400. A pop up window will appear. Click on Yes.

Module will be created as below, *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& Module STATUS_0400 OUTPUT *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* module STATUS_0400 output. * SET PF-STATUS 'xxxxxxxx'. PF* SET TITLEBAR 'xxx'. endmodule. " STATUS_0400 OUTPUT

Menu Painter
Uncomment the line SET PF-STATUS 'xxxxxxxx'. and replace PFand 'xxxxxxxx with name STATUS_400. Click on STATUS_400. Click Yes on the pop-up. pop-

Menu Painter
Enter description and choose the status type as Normal screen which is default.

Menu Painter
Click on to expand the menu bar, application toolbar and function keys. System and Help are default in menu bar

Creating Menu bar

To create a user defined menu enter the name of the menu and double click on it. We can define options for the menu here as below,

Creating Application Tool bar

Application tool bar can also be created in same way as menu bar.

Assigning function keys

We can assign code to existing function keys. Only keys for which code is assigned will be active. We can see this when the menu painter is executed.

Execution
We can test the menu painter by clicking on F8 key or execute button

Enter a screen number and title if you want to simulate a whole screen. If you do not enter a screen number, the system simulates the status using an empty test screen.

Execution
Output as below, New Menu is added, Find Item in Application tool bar, Save, Back & Print button on standard tool bar enabled.

More on Flow Logic

Flow logic refers to code behind the screens. It is the code that processes a screen. Flow Logic commands are different than ABAP commands (e.g., IF ENDIF is not valid in Flow Logic). Dynamic Processor (DYNPRO) controls the flow logic and prepares data to be displayed on the screen.

More on Flow Logic

Each screen has its own Flow Logic which is divided into four main events: PROCESS BEFORE OUTPUT (PBO) - event processed before the screen is displayed. PROCESS AFTER INPUT (PAI) - event processed after the user has invoked a function code (e.g., clicked on a pushbutton) or pressed the Enter key. Process on Value Request (POV) - Triggered when the user requests Value help (F4) Process on Value Request (POH) - Triggered when the user requests field help (F1) Each screen must be generated. If you make a change to any component of a screen, the screen must be re-generated before execution. re-

Keywords supported
Keywords supported by flow logic events are as below, Keyword MODULE FIELD ON VALUES CHAIN ENDCHAIN CALL LOOP ENDLOOP Function Calls a dialog module in an ABAP program Specifies the point at which the contents of a screen field should be transported Used in conjunction with FIELD Used in conjunction with FIELD Starts a processing chain Ends a processing chain Calls a sub screen Starts processing a screen table Stops processing a screen table

PBO Event
By default the module created in PBO event will be like MODULE STATUS_<screen number> Ex:Ex:-MODULE STATUS_0100. This module will be processed before the screen is displayed.

By default this module will be commented. To use this uncomment and double click on it to get the module created. *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& Module STATUS_0100 OUTPUT *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* module STATUS_0100 output. * SET PF-STATUS XXX'. PF* SET TITLEBAR 'xxx'. endmodule. " STATUS_0100 OUTPUT

PBO Event
Menu bar and title bar can be set in this module. Menu BarBar To set menu bar uncomment the SET PF_STATUS and give a name to status as , SET PF-STATUS 'STATUS100'. PF Double click on STATUS100 and click yes to create GUI status.

PBO Event
Title Bar To assign a title uncomment SET TITLEBAR and give a name as, SET TITLEBAR 'TITLE100'. Double click on TITLE100 and click yes to create GUI title. Enter title as below and click on , save and activate.

Once all the modules in the PBO block are processed, the system copies the content of the fields in the ABAP work area to their corresponding fields in the screen work area.

PAI Event
Default module in PAI event will be MODULE USER_COMMAND_<screen number>. Ex:Ex:- MODULE USER_COMMAND_0100. This event is triggered once the user invokes function code or presses Enter key on the screen. System variable SY-UCOMM will hold the function code assigned to SYthe screen elements (push button, radio button, check box etc). Within the above module code has to written to branch to group of code based on the function code from SY-UCOMM. SY The system copies the contents of the fields in the screen work area to their corresponding fields in the ABAP work area once user clicks Enter key on screen or any function code is invoked.

PAI Event- Sample Code Event*&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *& Module USER_COMMAND_0100 INPUT *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* *&---------------------------------------------------------------------* MODULE user_command_0100 INPUT. CASE sy-ucomm. syWHEN 'ENT'. SELECT ebeln ebelp bukrs INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE it_po FROM ekpo WHERE ebeln = po_no. WHEN 'BCK'. LEAVE TO SCREEN 0. ENDCASE. ENDMODULE. " USER_COMMAND_0100 INPUT

Includes
To have structured way of code it is best practice to have includes. There should be a TOP include which will have the data declarations. Include for PBO modules, include for PAI modules. Include for POV and POH modules if any.

Includes
To create include right click on object name, select Include from the Create menu.

Includes
We can gave the include names as Z<Program>_TOP, Z<Program>_PBO, Z<Program>_PAI. This will help to understand which modules are covered in each include. Each include program will insert a include statement in the main program.

Message Statement
The MESSAGE statement is used to issue user messages. Syntax is MESSAGE <tnnn> [WITH <var1> <var2> <var3> <var4>]. t Message type nnn Message Number WITH This is optional. It is needed if variables are used in a message. A message can contain up to four variables, indicated with an ampersand (&) in the message text. We can code the Message statement in the PAI event.

Message Types
S: success I: information A: abend

X: exit W: warning E: error X

The message type determines where the message is displayed and what action the user can or must take on the current screen.

Messages
Success message is displayed at the bottom of the screen. If you have next screen then the message will be displayed at the bottom of the next screen. Information message is displayed in a dialog box in same screen. After pressing Enter key on dialog box user will be taken to next screen. The user is not restricted from going on to the next screen.

Messages
Abend message is displayed on the current screen in a dialog box. The user cannot make any changes to the values on the current screen. After pressing the Enter key on the dialog box, transaction will be terminated. Exit message is identical to the ABEND message except that the transaction is terminated with a short dump instead of the message in a dialog box. WARNING message is displayed at the bottom of the current screen. On pressing the Enter key on the current screen, the user will be taken to the next screen even if no changes were made on the current screen . Thus user is not restricted from going on to the next screen.

Messages
ERROR message is displayed at the bottom of the current screen. The user must make changes to the values on the current screen. On pressing the Enter key on the current screen, the user will be taken to the next screen only if the appropriate corrections were made on the current screen. If no corrections were made, the error message would be redisplayed at the bottom of the current screen. When a warning or error message is triggered the system will stop at current screen, prompting the user to make corrections. However the input fields on the screen will be disabled for input.

Handling Error messages

There are 2 ways to issue error/warning messages. Issue an error or warning message with the Flow Logic SELECT statement. Define valid values for a screen field with the Flow Logic VALUES statement. FIELD statement is a Flow Logic command, not an ABAP command. The purpose of the FIELD statement is to keep a single screen field open for input after an error or warning message is issued. FIELD statement is used in PAI event. Syntax is: FIELD <screen field> MODULE <module name>.

FIELD with select statement

Screen field can be validated against entry in database table. To validate Purchase order number in PAI module, PROCESS AFTER INPUT. field PO_NO module PO_CHECK. MODULE USER_COMMAND_0100. Module PO_CHECK is as below, module paycheck input. data: lv_ebeln type ekko-ebeln. ekkoselect single ebeln into lv_ebeln from ekko where ebeln = PO_NO. if sy-subrc ne 0. symessage e003(Z6). endif. endmodule. " po_check INPUT

Error for invalid input

Error for Purchase order when invalid number is entered.

FIELD with Values Check

The Flow Logic VALUES statement defines a set of valid values for the screen field specified in the FIELD statement. If the value entered in this field is not in the valid set, an error message will be issued by the system. PROCESS AFTER INPUT. field PO_NO values ('1', '100').

This indicates PO_NO can take input as either 1 or 100. For any other value system will through error and the field will be open for input. With VALUES parameter for field, we can get a list of possible values by clicking on the drop-down arrow of the screen fields or pressing the F4 key. It will list the values mentioned.

Values option
PO_NO with values 1 and 100.

CHAIN Statement
To keep multiple screen fields open for input after an error or warning message is displayed, you need to use the CHAIN and ENDCHAIN Flow Logic commands. These statements group the FIELD statements and the MODULE statements together. The basic syntax of these statements is: CHAIN. FIELD: <f1>, <f 2>,... MODULE <mod1>. FIELD: <g1>, <g 2>,... MODULE <mod2>. ... ENDCHAIN. If an error or warning message is issued in <module name>, all the screen fields listed in the FIELD statements will be open for input.

Cursor Position
By default, the cursor will be positioned in the first field open for input on a screen. Cursor position can be changed in two ways 1. By setting the cursor position in PBO eventeventSyntax - SET CURSOR FIELD <field name> Cursor will be placed on the screen field mentioned. 2. Cursor position in screen attributesattributesMention the field name where cursor to be placed on screen in cursor position attribute .

Screen commands
The LEAVE SCREEN statement ends the current screen and calls the subsequent screen. When the system encounters the SET SCREEN <screen #> ABAP statement, it temporarily overrides the Next Screen attribute with this <screen #> and the PAI processing continues. After all PAI modules are executed, the system goes to the PBO event of <screen #>.

Screen commands
LEAVE TO SCREEN <screen #> ABAP statement, terminates the screens PAI event and immediately goes to the PBO of <screen #>. The LEAVE TO SCREEN <screen #> statement performs the functionality of two statements: SET SCREEN <screen #> and LEAVE SCREEN. CALL SCREEN <screen #> ABAP statement, temporarily suspends the current screens PAI processing and immediately goes to the PBO event of <screen #>. When control returns back to the calling screen, its PAI processing will resume.

More on PAI modules

All modules listed in the PAI event get executed from top to bottom. We can control the execution of the modules using additions to MODULE. Additions are,  ON INPUT  ON REQUEST  AT EXIT-COMMAND EXIT AT CURSOR-SELECTION CURSOR-

ON INPUT
With the ON INPUT addition to the MODULE statement, a module will be executed only if the specified fields value is not equal to the initial value appropriate to its data type ExEx- blanks for character fields and zeroes for numeric fields.

The basic syntax for this conditional execution Flow Logic command is: FIELD <screen field> MODULE <module> ON INPUT. The PAI <module> will be executed only if the value in <screen field> is not equal to its initial value. The ON INPUT addition must be used with a FIELD statement because this condition depends on the value of a particular field.

ON REQUEST
With the ON REQUEST, a module will be executed only if a value has been entered in the specified field since the screen was displayed. The basic syntax for this conditional execution Flow Logic command is: FIELD <screen field> MODULE <module> ON REQUEST. The PAI <module> will be executed only if a value was entered in <screen field> since the screen was displayed. The ON REQUEST addition must be used with a FIELD statement because this condition depends on the value of a particular field. If you want to conditionally execute a module that is coded within a CHAIN ENDCHAIN, you must use ON CHAIN-REQUEST. ON CHAIN-

AT EXIT-COMMAND EXIT With the AT EXIT-COMMAND addition to the EXITMODULE statement, a module will be executed only if the user invokes a function code with the E function type. Function type assigning is explained in slide 73.

The basic syntax for this conditional execution Flow Logic command is: MODULE <module> AT EXIT-COMMAND. EXIT-

AT EXIT-COMMAND EXIT The PAI <module> will be executed only if the user invokes a FUNCTION type E. The AT EXIT-COMMAND addition cannot be used with a EXITFIELD statement. If the user invokes a type E function code, a module with the AT EXITEXIT-COMMAND addition will be executed immediately. It will be executed even before the automatic field checks.

Assigning Function type

Function type can be assigned for screen buttons and for menu painter keys.

In menu painter, click on the required key. In the pop-up window popselect function type as E from drop down.

AT CURSOR-SELECTION CURSOR You can specify that a module should only be called if the cursor is positioned on a particular screen element. Syntax - MODULE <mod> AT CURSOR-SELECTION. CURSOR-SELECTION. The module <mod> is called whenever the function code of the user action is CS with function type S. The module is called in the sequence in which it occurs in the flow logic. It does not bypass the automatic input checks.

AT CURSOR-SELECTION CURSOR You can also combine this MODULE statement with the FIELD statement: FIELD <f> MODULE <mod> AT CURSOR-SELECTION. CURSOR For more than one field: CHAIN. FIELD: <f1>, <f 2>,... MODULE <mod> AT CURSOR-SELECTION. CURSORENDCHAIN.

Modifying Screen Fields

All fields of the current screen are stored in the system table SCREEN with their attributes. The LOOP AT SCREEN statement places this information in the header line of the system table. We can modify the attributes of the fields and update the screen table using MODIFY SCREEN. SCREEN. Sample code: loop at screen. if screen-name = 'GV_MATNR'. screenscreenscreen-input = 1. modify screen. endif. endloop.

Modifying Screen Fields

You can dynamically modify the following attributes of a field: ACTIVE REQUIRED INPUT OUTPUT INTENSIFIED INVISIBLE LENGTH DISPLAY 3D VALUE HELP A field attribute is turned on with a value of 1. It is turned off with a value of 0. The statements LOOP AT SCREEN ... ENDLOOP define a loop around a statement block.

Logical Unit of Work (LUW)

Screen 1
SELECT A SELECT B Database Transacti n

Screen 2
UPDATE A Database Transacti n

Screen 3
DELETE B Database Transacti n

LUW refers to a collection of actions performed at the database level as a complete unit. In this ex: LUW is selecting A and B from the database, updating A, and deleting B. This would be the desired LUW because we would want to rollback all changes if any of these actions failed.

LUW
Changes will be saved (commit work) in database at the end of third screen. An SAP LUW will end with either the COMMIT WORK or ROLLBACK WORK statement. A logical unit consisting of dialog steps, whose changes are written to the database in a single database LUW is called an SAP LUW. If an SAP LUW contains database changes, you should either write all of them or none at all to the database. Include a database commit when the transaction has ended successfully, and a database rollback in case the program detects an error.

LUW
Since database changes from a database LUW cannot be reversed in a subsequent database LUW, you must make all of the database changes for the SAP LUW in a single database LUW.

In our example, we need to perform UPDATE A and DELETE B at the end of third screen.

SAP Locks
R/3 system contain lock mechanism for SAP LUWs called SAP Locks. Lock object is created in ABAP Dictionary. A lock object definition contains the database tables and their key fields on the basis of which you want to set a lock. System automatically generates two function modules with the names ENQUEUE_<lock object name> and DEQUEUE_<lock object name> when a lock is generated. Locks can be set and released on corresponding database table by calling these function modules in program.

SAP Locks
Consider below example,

When user clicks on change, the program locks the relevant database object by calling the corresponding ENQUEUE function. You can release the lock by calling DEQUEUE function when user clicks on SAVE or when user clicks on BACK button.

Table Control
A table control is an area on the screen where the system displays data in a tabular form. It is processed using a loop.

To create a table control, drag & drop table control from screen elements on screen painter. Give a name to table control. Select the table definition and fields clicking on Dictionary/Program fields object button. Each table control need to be declared in declaration part of the program as, CONTROLS <ctrl> TYPE TABLEVIEW USING SCREEN <scr>. where <ctrl> is the name of the table control on a screen.

Table Control
You must code a LOOP statement in both the PBO and PAI events for each table in your screen. This is because the LOOP statement causes the screen fields to be copied back and forth between the ABAP program and the screen field. For this reason, at least an empty LOOP...ENDLOOP must be there.

Processing Table Control

Screen
Database

Table Control
Sample code PROCESS BEFORE OUTPUT. MODULE STATUS_0100. LOOP AT it_po INTO wa_ekpo WITH CONTROL tab2 CURSOR tab2tab2-current_line. ENDLOOP. PROCESS AFTER INPUT. field po_no module po_check. module exit_mod at exit-command. exitMODULE USER_COMMAND_0100. loop at it_po. endloop.

Subscreen
A subscreen is a screen that is displayed in a specified area of the main screen. A subscreen cannot be displayed by itself.

The subscreen displayed in the predefined area will depend on the users request on the main screen. Subscreen is used to vary the fields displayed on a screen. As an example: The main screen contains the customer number, name, and a predefined area for a subscreen. One subscreen contains customer address information. Another subscreen contains customer bank information.

Creating Subscreen
In main screen, In the screen layout, place the screen element subscreen on layout. You can set the length and width of the subscreen by double clicking on subscreen. Provide unique name to subscreen, save and activate it.

Subscreen

Creating Subscreen
Create a subscreen Create a screen as given in earlier slides. Screen type should be subscreen.

Specify the screen length and height as in main screen.

Save the subscreen and go to screen layout. Here subscreen are will be displayed.

Creating Subscreen
User can design in the subscreen area as below,

Call subscreen in PBO

To include a subscreen in a predefined area on the main screen, use the CALL SUBSCREEN statement in the main screens PBO event. syntax :CALL SUBSCREEN <area> INCLUDING <program> <subscreen :CALL #>. <area> : name of the subscreen area defined on the main screen. This subscreen area will be the location of the subscreen. This <area> cannot be enclosed in single quotes. <program> : name of the program where the subscreen exists.

Call subscreen in PBO

<subscreen #> : number of the subscreen to display in the subscreen area. The <program> and <subscreen #> can be literals (i.e. enclosed in single quotes) or variables.

When the CALL SUBSCREEN statement is encountered in the main screens PBO event, the system executes the PBO event of the subscreen. Then, the system returns to finish the PBO event of the main screen. screen.

Call subscreen in PAI

If the subscreen contains any PAI code, use the CALL SUBSCREEN statement in the PAI event of the main screen. Syntax : CALL SUBSCREEN <area>. The <area> is the name of the subscreen area defined on the main screen. This <area> cannot be enclosed in single quotes. The CALL SUBSCREEN statement must be used to invoke the PAI event of the subscreen. - When the CALL SUBSCREEN statement is encountered in the main screens PAI event, the system executes the PAI event of the subscreen.

Call subscreen in PAI

Then, the system returns to finish the PAI event of the main screen. Without this CALL SUBSCREEN statement in the PAI event of the main screen, the PAI event of the subscreen cannot be processed by the system. If the subscreen does not contain any PAI code, this CALL SUBSCREEN statement is not needed in the PAI event of the main screen. In both the PBO and PAI of the main screen, the CALL SUBSCREEN statement cannot be used inside a LOOP or a CHAIN.

Subscreen Restrictions
The following ABAP/4 statements cannot be used in a subscreens PBO or PAI modules (instead, they must be used in the main screen): SET PF-STATUS PFSET TITLEBAR SET SCREEN LEAVE TO SCREEN CALL SCREEN

Note: These ABAP/4 statements in a subscreen will pass a syntax check; however, they will result in runtime errors.

Tab Strip Controls

A tab strip control is a screen object consisting of two or more pages.

Each tab page consists of a tab title and a page area. If the area occupied by the tab strip control is too narrow to display all of the tab titles, a scrollbar appears, allowing you to reach the titles that are not displayed. Tab strips allow users to access multiple sub screens on one normal screen. This allows for a more intuitive user interface by logically separating the information presented to the user into different headings. The user can sort through the information by clicking on a corresponding tab

Tab Strip Control components

TabTtitle Tab Page Tab Title Row

Scrolling

Tab Strip Control components

Tab Title Title of the component to which user can navigate. They are push buttons. Tab title row - All tab titles will appear in a row. Tab Page - A tab page contains a collection of fields that logically belong together. Tab pages are implemented using subscreens. For designing and using tab strip controls, see Transaction BIBS .

Tab Strip Controls

When you create a tab strip control, you must: . 1. Define the tab area on a screen and the tab titles. 2. Assign a subscreen area to each tab title. 3. Program the screen flow logic. 4. Program the ABAP processing logic. Tab strip controls allow you to place a series of screens belonging to an application on a single screen, and to navigate between them easily. From a technical point of view, a tab page is a sunscreen with a pushbutton assigned to it, which is displayed as the tab title.

Tab Strip Controls

Assigning a Subscreen Area to a Tab Title 1. Paging in the SAPgui
PROCESS BEFORE OUTPUT. ...
CALL SUBSCREEN: area1 INCLUDING [prog1] dynp1, area2 INCLUDING [prog2] dynp2, area3 INCLUDING [prog3] dynp3,

...
PROCESS AFTER INPUT.

...
CALL SUBSCREEN: area1, area2, area3,

2. Paging on the application server

PROCESS BEFORE OUTPUT.
... CALL SUBSCREEN area INCLUDING [prog] dynp.

...
PROCESS AFTER INPUT.

...
CALL SUBSCREEN area.

Tab Strip Controls

Handling in the ABAP Program
Create a control for each control in the declaration part of your program using the following statement:

CONTROLS ctrl TYPE TABSTRIP. PROCESS BEFORE OUTPUT.

...

Assign the function code of the corresponding tab title to the component Activetab: ctrl-Activetab = fcode.

PROCESS AFTER INPUT

Activetab contains the function code of the last active tab title on the screen.

Tab Strip Controls

Programming the Flow Logic
The flow logic is restricted to that necessary to include the appropriate subscreen screens in the right subscreen areas.

Local Scrolling at the Front-end

Include subscreen screens in all of your subscreen areas in the tab strip control.

PROCESS BEFORE OUTPUT.

CALL SUBSCREEN: <subscreen_area1> INCLUDING [<progname 1>] <subscreen_scrn 1>, <subscreen_area2> INCLUDING [<progname 2>] <subscreen_scrn 2>, <subscreen_area3> INCLUDING [<progname 3>] <subscreen_scrn 3>,

PROCESS AFTER INPUT

CALL SUBSCREEN: <subscreen_area1>, <subscreen_area2>, <subscreen_area3>,

Tab Strip Controls

Programming the Flow Logic
The flow logic is restricted to that necessary to include the appropriate subscreen screens in the right subscreen areas.

Scrolling at the Application Server

Include one subscreen at a time in a single subscreen area.

PROCESS BEFORE OUTPUT.

CALL SUBSCREEN < subscreen_area> INCLUDING [<progname>] <subscreen_scrn>.

PROCESS AFTER INPUT

CALL SUBSCREEN < subscreen_area>.

Step loops
Step loops are considerable less flexible than table controls. Used to group screen elements together. A step loop is a repeated series of loop blocks. A loop block consists of one or more loop lines of graphical screen elements. Loop blocs can be defined as fixed or variable. In a fixed loop, the lower limit of the loop area always remains as originally defined. For a variable loop, the number of repetitions is adjusted dynamically in the screen program to suit the size of the current window.

Creating a Step loop

Open a screen in the layout editor. In one or more lines, create the elements you want to repeat. Select all the elements on the desired line(s) as a group. Choose Edit Grouping Step loop Define. Your element lines now make up a single step loop block. The block includes the original elements with their attributes and a predefined number of repetition blocks. Each repetition contains a copy of the first block without attributes. The repetition blocks are consecutively numbered, so that you can establish a reference to a particular line.

Step loops
To use a Step-Loop block in an online program, you must create one work Steparea for the Step-Loop block. To hold all the lines of a Step-Loop block in StepStepthe programs memory area, use an internal table. Ex:Ex:-TYPES: BEGIN OF TY_REC, MATNR TTPE MARA-MATNR, MARAMATKL TYPE MARA-MATKL, MARAEND OF TY_REC. DATA: GT_MARA TYPE TABLE OF TY_REC WITH HEADER LINE. For Step loop the flow logic statement loop must be coded in both PBO and PAI event. One form of the Flow Logic LOOP statement is; LOOP. . . . <flow logic statements> . . . ENDLOOP.

Main screen Flow logic

Main screen flow logic for calling subscreen. PROCESS BEFORE OUTPUT. MODULE STATUS_0100. call subscreen SUB1 including 'Z_MODULE_TRAINING' '0110'. PROCESS AFTER INPUT. call subscreen SUB1. MODULE USER_COMMAND_0100.

Additions with ABAP OOPS

Enjoy SAP controls (ALV Grid , ALV Tree, HTML controls etc) can be displayed in screen. To place these grids we need to have screen element Custom Control placed on the screen. Also we need to have ABAP OOPS knowledge. ( Refer package SLIS for examples)

Process on Help
This event is a user programmed help. If the user presses the F1 key with the cursor is positioned in <screen field>, the <supplemental documentation> will be displayed along with the data elements short text and documentation. The only other Flow Logic statement that can be used in the POH event is: FIELD <screen field> MODULE <module>.

Process on Value
This event is a user-programmed help that occurs when the user presses userF4 with the cursor positioned on a screen field.

The modules specified in the subsequent FIELD statement is called instead of the SAP help. Syntax is: FIELD <screen field> MODULE <module>.

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Demonstration
Please refer the attached document for demo example.

Microsoft Word Document

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Introduction Syntax Description

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Exercises
Please refer the attached documents for hands-on. hands Exercise 1 This covers input/output, radio button, table control, screen navigation, flow logic events, Menu painter.

Micr s ft c

Exercise 2 This covers tab strip, subscreen, table control, 4 flow logic events, screen navigation, menu painter.

Micr s ft c

   
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HelpMe
Refer help.sap.com Refer Transaction code ABAPDOCU (check in drop down ABAP User Dialogs) for documentation and examples For screen elements and controls (table control, tabstrip) refer transaction BIBS. BIBS. Refer package SLIS for examples of ALV grids, ALV Tree.