Cng ty c phn Cng ngh cao L GIA

a ch: S 108/29A Cng Ho(01 ng Khi), P.4, Q.Tn Bnh,

TP.HCM
in thoi: 08 62680418 ; 08 - 35301472 ; 08-62962568
Fax: 08 62680419
Hotline: 0166 6666 198 ; 0917 503 767
Email: sales@legia-technology.com
Website: http://legia-technology.com

Trang IV-1
Chng 4:

MT S CM BIN THNG DNG


I. Cm bin bin dng in tr

a. Nguyn l

S dng dy dn c in tr bin i tng ng vi s thay i hnh dng dy dn
khi c ngoi lc tc ng vo.

b. c tnh

Xt dy dn c chiu di l, tit din S.


- Khi khng c lc tc dng, in tr dy dn:

l
R
S
= p


Mt li bng dy dn mnh c gn trc
tip ln b mt cn kho st. S bin dng ca cu
trc ko theo bin dng ca cm bin lm cho in
tr ca n thay i. Dy dn c in tr sut p, tit
din S, chiu di nl (n: s on, l: chiu di mt
on). i vi u o kim loi n = 10 20, u o
bn dn n = 1.

Do nh hng ca bin dng, in tr cm bin thay i mt lng R A :

R l S
R l S
A A A Ap
= +
p


Bin i dng dc ca dy dn n thay i tit din ngang. Ta c quan h gia
in tr v di:
R l
K
R l
A A
=
K: h s u o

- u o kim loi K gn bng 2

- u o bn dn K ~ 100 200

- Du ca K ph thuc vo loi bn dn

in tr u o c gi tr chun t 100 5000 vi chnh xc 0,2 10%.

c. ng dng

Dng o lc tc dng hay bin dng ca vt th.


Cng ty c phn Cng ngh cao L GIA
a ch: S 108/29A Cng Ho(01 ng Khi), P.4, Q.Tn Bnh,
TP.HCM
in thoi: 08 62680418 ; 08 - 35301472 ; 08-62962568
Fax: 08 62680419
Hotline: 0166 6666 198 ; 0917 503 767
Email: sales@legia-technology.com
Website: http://legia-technology.com

Trang IV-2
II. Cm bin dch chuyn Cm khng
a. Nguyn l:
Da trn mi quan h cm khng ca cc cun dy khi thay i v tr thanh ferrite
c t thm cao.

b. c tnh:
Cng ty c phn Cng ngh cao L GIA
a ch: S 108/29A Cng Ho(01 ng Khi), P.4, Q.Tn Bnh,
TP.HCM
in thoi: 08 62680418 ; 08 - 35301472 ; 08-62962568
Fax: 08 62680419
Hotline: 0166 6666 198 ; 0917 503 767
Email: sales@legia-technology.com
Website: http://legia-technology.com

Trang IV-3
- Cc cun dy th cp c mc ni tip nhau v
b tr nh hnh, sao cho:

V
out
(t) = V
S1
(t) V
S2
(t)
- Khi thanh ferrite v tr trung tm th in th ng
ra xem nh gn bng khng.

- Khi thanh ferrite di chuyn, gi tr cc in p V
S1
,
V
S2
tng hoc gim tng ng vi cc h s k
1
, k
2
.
V
S1
(t) = k
1
V
in
(t)
V
S2
(t) = k
2
V
in
(t)
c. ng dng:
Pht hin s di chuyn ca i tng cn quan st.

III. Cm bin siu m
a. Nguyn l
Thit b pht tn hiu t b phn dao ng tn s siu m. Cu to b phn
dao ng c to thnh t hai a mng. Nhng a ny c th l cc phn t p in
hoc l s kt ni gia mt phn t p in v mt a kim loi. Nhng a ny s dao
ng khi c tn hiu c tn s bng vi tn s c bn ca cc phn t p in. Nng
lng dao ng s c truyn qua b mt cm bin.

Cm bin c cu to t cc phn t p in. Khi mt tn hiu siu m tc ng
vo phn t p in, phn t ny pht ra tn hiu in c tn s tng ng vi tn s ca
tn hiu thu c.

Di tn hot ng ca cm bin siu m t 38kHz n 45kHz.

b. c tnh
- Tn hiu siu m khng tng tc vi nhng tn hiu m thanh khc trong
di m tn t 50Hz n 15kHz.
- Tn hiu siu m t b nh hng bi cc tn hiu c tn s di 20kHz.
- Tn hiu siu m phn x rt tt v nhy cm vi bi bn.

c. ng dng
Cm bin siu m dng nhn bit s hin din ca vt th v s dng trong
cc thit b o khong cch, cc thit b iu khin t xa v mt s thit b y khoa.

IV. Cm bin gas

C nhiu dng cm bin gas khc nhau. i vi cm bin gas cu to t cht bn
dn thng dng pht hin kh metan.

a. Nguyn l
Nguyn l hot ng cm cm bin gas bn dn da trn thuc tnh ca phn t Ir
Cng ty c phn Cng ngh cao L GIA
a ch: S 108/29A Cng Ho(01 ng Khi), P.4, Q.Tn Bnh,
TP.HCM
in thoi: 08 62680418 ; 08 - 35301472 ; 08-62962568
Fax: 08 62680419
Hotline: 0166 6666 198 ; 0917 503 767
Email: sales@legia-technology.com
Website: http://legia-technology.com

Trang IV-4
(Iridium) v Pd (Palladium).
Cun dy lm nng c ch to t Ir v
Pd. Cho dng in qua cun dy, cun dy
pht sinh nhit. n nhit xc nh, kh oxy s
tp trung cc in t vng cho n b mt cht
bn dn, to ra ro th nng. Ro in th ny
cn tr s di chuyn ca cc ht dn, lm cho tr
khng ca lp bn dn tng ln.
Nng kh oxy trong khng kh thay i
lm cho in tr cht bn dn thay i theo.
b. c tnh

- nhy ca cm bin b nh hng bi nhit v m mi trng.

- Trc khi s dng cn phi c thi gian lm nng (t 2 n 3 pht) tng
chnh xc.

- in tr cm bin tng ln 20% sau khi lm nng.

c. ng dng

Pht hin kh metan, CO
2
, H
2




Cht bn dn hot ng nh mt bin tr (in tr ph thuc vo nng gas),
khi gas i qua b mt cm bin in tr cht bn dn gim xung. Dng kch SCR tng ln,
kch SCR dn. LED D1 sng, ng thi IC555 c reset, pht ra m thanh bo ng.

V. B c m vch


Cng ty c phn Cng ngh cao L GIA
a ch: S 108/29A Cng Ho(01 ng Khi), P.4, Q.Tn Bnh,
TP.HCM
in thoi: 08 62680418 ; 08 - 35301472 ; 08-62962568
Fax: 08 62680419
Hotline: 0166 6666 198 ; 0917 503 767
Email: sales@legia-technology.com
Website: http://legia-technology.com

Trang IV-5
M vch l nhng vch m hoc mnh dng m ha s hay ch ci.

C nhiu loi m vch khc nhau, ph bin nht l m sn phm thng dng
(Universal Product Code UPC) v m nhn dng k t bng quang hc (Optical
Character Recognition OCR).

C hai loi m vch thng gp nht l:

- Vch en l 1, vch trng l 0.

- M vch n t m phn t: vch en/trng rng l 1, vch en/trng hp l 0.

My qut m vch pht tia laser cng sut thp. Tia sng gp m vch phn x
li mt cm bin quang. Cm bin ny chuyn tn hiu quang mang thng tin m vch
thnh tn hiu in.

- Ngun sng chuyn ng nh gng a gic quay, m c nh.

- Ngun sng c nh, m chuyn ng.


- Bt quang:

Tia laser c led pht ra hi t qua
thu knh hnh cu ln m vch.

Tia phn x c hi t qua thu knh
v cm bin. Cm bin cho tn hiu khong
1,1V khi gp phn trng v 0V khi gp phn en.

Vn tc qut ti a 1m/s. M vch
c gii m thnh k t ASCII. B gii m l
vi iu khin chuyn dng, m ASCII c
truyn n my tnh thng qua giao tip RS232.

B gii m c ni vi loa nh,
pht m thanh bo hiu khi qut xong.

Tr ngi chnh l khng th c
chnh xc nu cc vch b bn hoc in nhe.


VI. Cm bin o mc cht lu

Cc cm bin ny chuyn i mc cht lng thnh tn hiu in.

a. Cm bin dn
Ch dng cho cc cht lu dn in (o ~ 50uScm
-1
), khng n mn kim loi.

Cu to gm hai in cc hnh tr, nu bnh cha bng kim loi th bnh cha l
mt in cc. u o c nui bng in p xoay chiu H 10V trnh hin tng phn
Cng ty c phn Cng ngh cao L GIA
a ch: S 108/29A Cng Ho(01 ng Khi), P.4, Q.Tn Bnh,
TP.HCM
in thoi: 08 62680418 ; 08 - 35301472 ; 08-62962568
Fax: 08 62680419
Hotline: 0166 6666 198 ; 0917 503 767
Email: sales@legia-technology.com
Website: http://legia-technology.com

Trang IV-6
cc. C hai ch o:

- o lin tc

u o c t theo v tr thng
ng, chiu di u o bng chiu cao ca
mc cht lng cn o.



Dng in gia cc in cc t l vi chiu di in cc ngp trong cht lu.
ln tn hiu in ph thuc vo dn ca cht lu.

- Pht hin theo ngng:

in cc c t theo phng nm ngang, v tr mi in
cc tng ng mt mc cht lu.

Khi cht lng t n mc in cc, xut hin dng
in c bin khng i.

b. Cm bin t in

c s dng khi cht lng l cht cch in, hng s in mi ca cht lu phi
ln hn hng s in mi khng kh, thng l gp i.

C th to thnh t in bng hai in cc (thnh bnh cha kim loi v mt
in cc). Cht in mi ga hai in cc l phn ngp cht lng v phn khng kh.

Mc cht lu c chuyn thnh in dung t in. in dung ny thay i
theo mc cht lu.

Nu cht lu dn in, s dng mt in cc c ph cht cch in, lp cch
in ng vai tr l in mi, cht lng l in cc th hai.

VII. Cm bin v tr - in tr

a. Cu to
Gm mt in tr c nh R, trn c mt tip xc in c th di chuyn gi l
con chy. Gi tr ca in tr o c gia con chy v mt u ca in tr R l
hm ph thuc v tr con chy v bn thn in tr R.

Nu in tr c ch to ng u th R s t l tuyn tnh vi v tr con chy. C
hai dng cm bin v tr in tr:








Cng ty c phn Cng ngh cao L GIA
a ch: S 108/29A Cng Ho(01 ng Khi), P.4, Q.Tn Bnh,
TP.HCM
in thoi: 08 62680418 ; 08 - 35301472 ; 08-62962568
Fax: 08 62680419
Hotline: 0166 6666 198 ; 0917 503 767
Email: sales@legia-technology.com
Website: http://legia-technology.com

Trang IV-7





































- in tr dch chuyn thng:
l
R(l) R
L
=

- in tr dch chuyn trn:
m
R( ) R
o
o =
o

i vi in tr trn:
M
< 360
i vi in tr xon:
M
> 360
Hp kim thng dng lm in tr l Ni Cr, Ni Cu, Ni G Fe, Ag Pd.
Dy in tr c cun trn li cch in cn dy c cch in bng emay.

R nm trong khong t 1K 100K, c th t n vi M.

Con chy phi tip xc tt, khng to ra sut in ng tip xc, in tr tip
xc nh v n nh. Cc tiu chun ny phi m bo trong iu kin dao ng v tc
dch chuyn ln.

b. c im

- Khong cch c ch ca con chy

Cng ty c phn Cng ngh cao L GIA
a ch: S 108/29A Cng Ho(01 ng Khi), P.4, Q.Tn Bnh,
TP.HCM
in thoi: 08 62680418 ; 08 - 35301472 ; 08-62962568
Fax: 08 62680419
Hotline: 0166 6666 198 ; 0917 503 767
Email: sales@legia-technology.com
Website: http://legia-technology.com

Trang IV-8
Gi tr R(x)/R thng khng n nh cui ng chy ca con tr hoc cc
ch ni mch in.

Khong cch c ch l khong m trong R(x) l hm tuyn tnh ca dch chuyn.

- phn gii

in tr ca n vng dy, c th phn bit thnh 2n 1 v tr ca con chy:

n v tr con chy tip xc mt vng dy

n 1 v tr con chy tip xc ng thi 2 vng dy.

in tr thay i khi di chuyn t v tr ny sang v tr khc.

c. Thi gian sng

Thi gian s dng ca in tr b hn ch do s c st gia con chy v dy dn
lm mi mn con chy v in tr. S ln s dng ca in tr khong 10
6
ln.

VIII. Tc k quang

Tc k quang l cm bin o vn tc n gin nht gm mt ngun sng v mt
u thu quang (photodiode hoc phototransistor)

Vt quay c gn ng trc vi a trn c cc vng phn x hoc cc vng
trong sut b tr xen k cc phn chn sng t gia ngun sng v u thu quang.


u thu quang nhn thng lng bin iu v pht tn hiu c tn s t l vi vn
tc quay nhng bin khng i.

Phm vi tc o ph thuc vo 2 yu t chnh:

- S lng l trn a quay.

- Di thng ca u thu quang v mch in.

o vn tc thp ~ 0,1 vng/pht dng a c s lng l rt ln (500 1000).
o tc cao 10
5
10
6
vng/pht dng loi a ch c mt l.
IX. Cm bin cng tc (switch sensor)
Cm bin cng tc c dng nhiu trong cc ng dng robot. Cm bin cng
Cng ty c phn Cng ngh cao L GIA
a ch: S 108/29A Cng Ho(01 ng Khi), P.4, Q.Tn Bnh,
TP.HCM
in thoi: 08 62680418 ; 08 - 35301472 ; 08-62962568
Fax: 08 62680419
Hotline: 0166 6666 198 ; 0917 503 767
Email: sales@legia-technology.com
Website: http://legia-technology.com

Trang IV-9
tc c s dng vi nhiu mc ch, chng hn:
- Cm bin va chm (tip xc): cm bin cng tc c dng pht hin khi c va
chm c hc vi mt vt no . Th d, cm bin cng tc to ra mt s chuyn
mch khi thn robot chy vo tng hoc chm gii hn ng chy ca robot.
- Cm bin gii hn: tng t nh cm bin tip xc, cm bin gii hn pht hin mt
vt di chuyn n cui hnh trnh ca n, khi tn hiu iu khin motor s tt.
- M ha trc quay (shaft): mt trc quay kt hp vi mt cng tc chm s c n
mt ln mt vng quay. Phn mm m s ln n xc nh s vng v tc
quay ca trc.
Loi cm bin ny khng cn ngun cung cp v chu c dng ln. N c th
pht hin s tip xc ca bt k vt th no t bt k gc no. Do chng rt thun li
cho vic thit k robot c bit c ng dng trong gii hn hnh trnh ca robot.








Cm bin gii hn
C hai dng cng tc c bn, bao gm:
- Cng tc nh (microswitch), c dng hnh ch nht v thng mt trng thi
xc nh.
Cng tc nh thng c ba chn: NO normally open (thng h), NC
normally closed (thng ng), C common (chung).
Chn chung c th c ni vi mt trong hai chn kia ty thuc vo cng tc
c c n hay khng. trng thi khng n, chn chung c ni vi tip im thng
ng, khi n, chn chung c ni vi trng thi thng h.
- Cng tc nt n (pushbutton) n gin hn. Khi c n, hai tip im c ni
vi nhau. Cng c mt s cng tc thng ng nhng t ph bin.

Switch nub
Activation force

Cng ty c phn Cng ngh cao L GIA
a ch: S 108/29A Cng Ho(01 ng Khi), P.4, Q.Tn Bnh,
TP.HCM
in thoi: 08 62680418 ; 08 - 35301472 ; 08-62962568
Fax: 08 62680419
Hotline: 0166 6666 198 ; 0917 503 767
Email: sales@legia-technology.com
Website: http://legia-technology.com

Trang IV-10
Cng ty c phn Cng ngh cao L GIA
a ch: S 108/29A Cng Ho(01 ng Khi), P.4, Q.Tn Bnh,
TP.HCM
in thoi: 08 62680418 ; 08 - 35301472 ; 08-62962568
Fax: 08 62680419
Hotline: 0166 6666 198 ; 0917 503 767
Email: sales@legia-technology.com
Website: http://legia-technology.com

Trang IV-11




X. Cm bin in t

a. Cm bin Hall

Cm bin Hall l mt mnh bn dn mng c kt cu c bit. Khi c dng
in I chy dc theo tm bn dn, ng thi c t cm B tc ng ln tm ny th trn
hai cc ngang ca n xut hin sut in ng Hall.

E
H
= k
H
.I.B.sinu
I: dng in dc theo cm bin
B: t cm xuyn qua cm bin u gc
lch gia I v B
k
H
: h s Hall
Cm bin Hall c dng rng ri trong cc thit b o t, cm bin tip cn, c
di o t 1 10
6
Gauss.

b. Cm bin t tr MR (magnetoresistive)

S dng hiu ng in tr ca lp bn dn ph thuc vo ln v phng ca
t trng t vo. S quay ca vect t ha gy ra s thay i in tr. Vt liu thng
dng lm cm bin l pecmaloi, hp kim ca thp v Niken. Cc cm bin MR s
dng trong cng nghip c mng dy khong 50nm pecmaloi t trn cch in vi
in tr thay i vi phn trm.