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Chemistry Matters for G.C.E.

O Level

Chapter 16

Chapter 16

The Periodic Table

Answers to Textbook Exercises


Test Yourself 16.1 (page 288) (a) (2, 8, 7); Chlorine is in Period 3 and Group VII (b) (i) C and Si (ii) Si and Cl (iii) H and Cl (iv) Cl (v) Cl Test Yourself 16.2 (page 291) 1. Sodium 2. (a) Rubidium hydroxide (RbOH) and hydrogen (H2) (b) Rubidium chloride (RbCl) 3. (a) Rubidium (b) Lithium Quick Check (page 292) Halogens need one electron to obtain the noble gas structure. They can do this by sharing electrons with each other. Test Yourself 16.3 (page 294) (a) MgAt2 (b) Magnesium astatide (c) Solid at room temperature and pressure. (d) (i) Black precipitate of astatine is produced. (ii) No visible reaction Test Yourself 16.4 (page 296) 1. They are unreactive and inert. 2. Helium is less reactive than nitrogen. Helium is less dense than nitrogen. Exercise 16 (page 298) Foundation 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. C

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Chemistry Matters for G.C.E. O Level

Chapter 16

Challenge 1. B 2. C

3. (a) (i) 55 (b) (i) 1 (ii) Cs2O (c) (i) Caesium (ii) 2Cs(s) + 2H2O(l) 2CsOH(aq) + H2(g) (iii) Caesium is stored in oil to prevent it from reacting with air and water. 4. (a) Number of valence electrons determines the group; number of electron shell determines period. (b) (i) Increase in melting points / boiling points Cl gas Br liquid I solid (ii) Decrease in reactivity Cl2 can displace Br2 from NaBr(aq) Br2 can displace I2 from NaI(aq) (c) (i) 3Br2 + 6NaOH 5NaBr + NaBrO3 + 3H2O (ii) Reddish-brown to colourless 5. (a) (i) MnO2 + 4HCl MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2 (ii) Oxidation number of manganese reduced from +4 to +2; oxidation number of chlorine increased from 1 to 0. (b) (i) Colourless (ii) Colourless (c) At T bromine and at R iodine are formed. Cl2 (g) + 2KBr(aq) 2KCl(aq) + Br2(l) Br2(g) + 2KI(aq) 2KBr(aq) + I2(s) Cl2(g) + 2KI(aq) 2KCl(aq) + I2(s) (d) Chlorine, bromine and iodine are poisonous. Critical Thinking (page 300) Reasons should include: To make the table more visual appealing and easier to understand. To make trends and patterns easier to visualize. To include also the latest discoveries about the structure of atoms. To include elements yet to be discovered. To make predictions about properties of undiscovered elements.

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