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O Level
Chapter 16
Chapter 16
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Chapter 16
Challenge 1. B 2. C
3. (a) (i) 55 (b) (i) 1 (ii) Cs2O (c) (i) Caesium (ii) 2Cs(s) + 2H2O(l) 2CsOH(aq) + H2(g) (iii) Caesium is stored in oil to prevent it from reacting with air and water. 4. (a) Number of valence electrons determines the group; number of electron shell determines period. (b) (i) Increase in melting points / boiling points Cl gas Br liquid I solid (ii) Decrease in reactivity Cl2 can displace Br2 from NaBr(aq) Br2 can displace I2 from NaI(aq) (c) (i) 3Br2 + 6NaOH 5NaBr + NaBrO3 + 3H2O (ii) Reddish-brown to colourless 5. (a) (i) MnO2 + 4HCl MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2 (ii) Oxidation number of manganese reduced from +4 to +2; oxidation number of chlorine increased from 1 to 0. (b) (i) Colourless (ii) Colourless (c) At T bromine and at R iodine are formed. Cl2 (g) + 2KBr(aq) 2KCl(aq) + Br2(l) Br2(g) + 2KI(aq) 2KBr(aq) + I2(s) Cl2(g) + 2KI(aq) 2KCl(aq) + I2(s) (d) Chlorine, bromine and iodine are poisonous. Critical Thinking (page 300) Reasons should include: To make the table more visual appealing and easier to understand. To make trends and patterns easier to visualize. To include also the latest discoveries about the structure of atoms. To include elements yet to be discovered. To make predictions about properties of undiscovered elements.
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