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C% C%
1
2
=> m = C % C %
2
1
m2
C%2
C% C%1
m1 la khoi lng cua dung dch co nong o C%1
m2 la khoi lng cua dung dch co nong o C%2
C% la nong o phan tram dung dch thu c sau khi tron lan
b. Cac chat cung nong o mol
V1
CM1
CM2 CM
V
1
M2
M
=> V = C C
2
M
M1
CM
V2
CM2
CM CM1
V1 la the tch cua dung dch co nong o CM1
V2 la the tch cua dung dch co nong o CM2
CM la nong o mol dung dch thu c sau khi tron lan
c. Cac chat kh khong tac dung c vi nhau
V1
M1
M2 M
V
V2
M M
1
2
=> V = M M
2
1
M
M2
M M1
M la khoi lng mol trung bnh thu c khi tron lan cac kh M1 < M < M2
5%
1
=> m = 25% = 5
2
20%
m2
15%
25%
Bai 2: The tch nc va dung dch MgSO4 2M can e pha c
100ml dung dch MgSO4 0.4M lan lt la
a. 50ml va 50ml
b. 40ml va 60ml
c. 80ml va 20ml d. 20ml va
80ml
ap an: b
Giai: Goi V la the tch nc => the tch dd MgSO4 = 100 - V
V
0
1.6
0.4
=>
V
1.6
=
= 4 => V = 80ml
100 V 0.4
100 - V
2
0.4
Vay VH2O = 80ml va V MgSO4 = 20ml
Bai 3: ieu che hon hp 26 lit kh hiro va kh cacbonoxit co t
khoi hi oi vi kh metan la 1.5 th the tch kh hiro va cacbonoxit
can lay la:
a. 4 lit va 22 lit b. 8 lit va 44 lit
c. 22 lit va 4 lit
d. 44 lit va 8
lit
ap an: a
Giai:
Mhon hp = 1,5.16 = 24g
Ap dung phng phap ng cheo ta co
VH 2
4
24
=>
VH 2
VCO
4
22
28
22
Bai 4: The tch H2O va dung dch NaCl 0.2M can e pha c 50ml
dung dch NaCl 0.1M lan lt la
a. 45ml va 5ml
b. 10ml va 40ml
c. 25ml va 25ml d. 5ml va 45ml
ap an: c
Giai:
Goi V la the tch nc => the tch dd NaCl = 50 - V
V
0
0.1
VCO
0.1
=>
V
0.1
=
= 1 => V = 25ml
50 V 0.1
50 - V
0.2
0.1
Vay VH2O = 25ml va V NaCl = 25ml
Bai 5: Khoi lng H2O va khoi lng dung dch ng 15% can
e pha che c 50g dung dch ng 5% la:
a. 2.5g va 47.5g b. 16.7g va 33.3g c. 47.5g va 2.5g d. 33.3g va
16.7g
ap an: d
Giai:
Goi khoi lng nc la m th khoi lng ng 15% la 50 - m
m
0%
10%
5%
50-m
15%
Vay m H2O = 33,3g
=>
m
10% 2
=
= => m = 33.3 g
50 m 5% 1
5%
va m ng 15% = 16,7g
Vay n Cu = 1,38 .
3
= 0.03 mol => m Cu = 0,03 . 64 = 1,92g
138
Bai 2: Nhung thanh sat co khoi lng 56g vao 100ml dd CuSO4
0.5M en phan ng hoan toan. Coi toan bo lng ong sinh ra
eu bam vao thanh sat. Khoi lng thanh sat sau phan ng
a. 59,2g
b. 56,4g
c. 53,2g
d. 57,2g
ap an b
Giai :
Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 +Cu
n CuSO4 = 0,05 mol
m kim loai tang = 64 . 0,05 56 . 0,05 = 0,4g
m sat sau phan ng = m sat trc phan ng + m kim loai
tang
= 56 + 0,4
= 56,4 g
Bai 3: Cho 2.52g mot kim loai cha ro hoa tr tac dung vi dd
H2SO4 loang d thu c 6.84 g muoi sunfat. Kim loai a dung la
a. Fe
b.Zn
c.Al
d.Mg
ap an: a
Giai:
C 1 mol kim loai tac dung -> muoi sunfat khoi lng tang 96g
n mol kim loai theo e bai khoi lng tang 6,84 2,52 = 4,32g
n kim loai = 4,32 .
2,52
1
= 0,045 mol => M kim loai = 0, 045 = 56g
96
1
= 0.2 mol
36
1. Ha tan hn hp A bng dung dch axit nitric long d. Tnh th tch kh NO duy nht bay ra (
ktc).
A. 2,24 ml. B. 22,4 ml. C. 33,6 ml.
D. 44,8 ml.
2. Cng hn hp A trn trn vi 5,4 gam bt Al ri tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm (hiu sut 100%).
Ha tan hn hp thu c sau phn ng bng dung dch HCl d. Tnh th tch bay ra ( ktc).
A. 6,608 lt. B. 0,6608 lt.
C. 3,304 lt.
D. 33,04. lt
Hng dn gii
1. Cc phn ng c th c:
t
2Fe + O2
(1)
2FeO
t
2Fe + 1,5O2
(2)
Fe2O3
t
3Fe + 2O2 Fe3O4
(3)
Cc phn ng ha tan c th c:
0
+3
+5
Ta nhn thy tt c Fe t Fe b oxi ha thnh Fe , cn N b kh thnh N+2, O20 b kh thnh 2O 2
nn phng trnh bo ton electron l:
o
3n + 0,009 4 =
trong ,
0,728
3 = 0,039 mol.
56
Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
Xt cc phn ng (1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11) ta thy Fe0 cui cng thnh Fe+2, Al0 thnh Al+3, O20 thnh
2O v 2H+ thnh H2 nn ta c phng trnh bo ton electron nh sau:
2
0,013 2 +
5,4 3
= 0,009 4 + n 2
27
Fe0 Fe+2
Al0 Al+3
O20 2O 2
2H+ H2
n = 0,295 mol
VH = 0,295 22,4 = 6,608 lt. (p n A)
Nhn xt: Trong bi ton trn cc bn khng cn phi bn khon l to thnh hai oxit st (hn hp
A) gm nhng oxit no v cng khng cn phi cn bng 11 phng trnh nh trn m ch cn quan tm
ti trng thi u v trng thi cui ca cc cht oxi ha v cht kh ri p dng lut bo ton electron
tnh lc bt c cc giai on trung gian ta s tnh nhm nhanh c bi ton.
2
V d 2: Trn 0,81 gam bt nhm vi bt Fe2O3 v CuO ri t nng tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm thu c
hn hp A. Ho tan hon ton A trong dung dch HNO 3 un nng thu c V lt kh NO (sn phm kh
duy nht) ktc. Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,224 lt.
D. 6,72 lt.
Hng dn gii
Tm tt theo s :
Fe2O3 t o
ha tan hon ton
0,81 gam Al +
hn h p A
VNO = ?
dung dch HNO3
CuO
0,09 mol
N+5 + 3e
N+2
0,09 mol 0,03 mol
V d 3: Cho 8,3 gam hn hp X gm Al, Fe (nAl = nFe) vo 100 ml dung dch Y gm Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3. Sau
khi phn ng kt thc thu c cht rn A gm 3 kim loi. Ha tan hon ton cht rn A vo dung dch
HCl d thy c 1,12 lt kh thot ra (ktc) v cn li 28 gam cht rn khng tan B. Nng C M ca
Cu(NO3)2 v ca AgNO3 ln lt l
A. 2M v 1M.
C. 0,2M v 0,1M.
Tm tt s :
8,3 gam hn h p X
(nAl =nFe )
B. 1M v 2M.
D. kt qu khc.
: x mol
AgNO3
Al
+ 100 ml dung dch Y
Fe
Cu(NO3 )2 :y mol
1,12 lt H 2
Cht r
nA
+ HCl d
Z
]
(3 kim loi)
2,8 gamcht rn khng tan B
Hng dn gii
8,3
= 0,1mol.
Ta c: nAl = nFe =
83
t n AgNO3 = x mol v n Cu( NO3 )2 = y mol
X + Y Cht rn A gm 3 kim loi.
Al ht, Fe cha phn ng hoc cn d. Hn hp hai mui ht.
Qu trnh oxi ha:
Al Al3+ + 3e
Fe Fe2+ + 2e
0,1
0,3
0,1
0,2
Tng s mol e nhng bng 0,5 mol.
Qu trnh kh:
Ag+ + 1e Ag
Cu2+ + 2e Cu
2H+ + 2e H2
x
x
x
y
2y
y
0,1
0,05
Tng s e mol nhn bng (x + 2y + 0,1).
Theo nh lut bo ton electron, ta c phng trnh:
x + 2y + 0,1 = 0,5 hay x + 2y = 0,4
(1)
Mt khc, cht rn B khng tan l: Ag: x mol ; Cu: y mol.
108x + 64y = 28
(2)
Gii h (1), (2) ta c:
x = 0,2 mol ; y = 0,1 mol.
0,2
0,1
C M Cu( NO3 )2 =
=
2M;
= 1M. (p n B)
0,1
0,1
V d 4: Ha tan 15 gam hn hp X gm hai kim loi Mg v Al vo dung dch Y gm HNO3 v H2SO4 c thu
c 0,1 mol mi kh SO2, NO, NO2, N2O. Phn trm khi lng ca Al v Mg trong X ln lt l
C M AgNO3 =
A. 63% v 37%.
C. 50% v 50%.
B. 36% v 64%.
D. 46% v 54%.
Hng dn gii
%Al =
27 0,2
100% = 36%.
15
V d 5: Trn 60 gam bt Fe vi 30 gam bt lu hunh ri un nng (khng c khng kh) thu c cht rn A.
Ho tan A bng dung dch axit HCl d c dung dch B v kh C. t chy C cn V lt O 2 (ktc). Bit
cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. V c gi tr l
A. 11,2 lt.
B. 21 lt.
Hng dn gii
V n Fe > n S =
30
nn Fe d v S ht.
32
C. 33 lt.
D. 49 lt.
S+4 +
30
mol
32
60
mol
56
4e
4
30
mol
32
60
30
2 + 4 gii ra x = 1,4732 mol.
56
32
VO2 = 22,4 1,4732 = 33 lt. (p n C)
A. 0,224 lt.
D. 0,672 lt.
Hng dn gii
1,12
= 0,05
22 ,4
+5
TN2: R1 v R2 trc tip nhng e cho N to ra N2. Gi x l s mol N2, th s mol e thu vo l
+5
2 N + 10e N 02
10x x mol
Ta c: 10x = 0,15 x = 0,015
VN = 22,4.0,015 = 0,336 lt. (p n B)
V d 7: Cho 1,35 gam hn hp gm Cu, Mg, Al tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 thu c hn hp kh gm
0,01 mol NO v 0,04 mol NO2. Tnh khi lng mui to ra trong dung dch.
3+
Al = Al + 3e
x x 2x
y y 2y
z z 3z
+5
+2
+5
+4
Thu e:
N + 3e = N (NO)
N + 1e = N (NO2)
0,03 0,01
0,04 0,04
Ta c: 2x + 2y + 3z = 0,03 + 0,04 = 0,07
Nhn nh mi: Khi cho kim loi hoc hn hp kim loi tc dng vi dung dch axit HNO3 to hn
hp 2 kh NO v NO2 th
n HNO3 = 2n NO2 + 4n NO
A. 2,24 lt.
B. 4,48 lt.
C. 5,60 lt.
D. 3,36 lt.
Hng dn gii
0,3
0,1
0,2
+5
+2
+5
Nhn e:
N + 3e N
N + 1e N+4
3x x
y y
Tng ne cho bng tng ne nhn.
3x + y = 0,5
Mt khc: 30x + 46y = 19 2(x + y).
x = 0,125 ; y = 0,125.
Vhh kh (ktc) = 0,125 2 22,4 = 5,6 lt. (p n C)
V d 9: Nung m gam bt st trong oxi, thu c 3 gam hn hp cht rn X. Ha tan ht hn hp X trong dung
dch HNO3 (d), thot ra 0,56 lt ( ktc) NO (l sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca m l
A. 2,52 gam.
B. 2,22 gam.
C. 2,62 gam.
D. 2,32 gam.
Hng dn gii
HNO d
0,56 lt NO.
m gam Fe + O2 3 gam hn hp cht rn X
Thc cht cc qu trnh oxi ha - kh trn l:
Cho e: Fe Fe3+ + 3e
3
m
56
Nhn e:
O2
3m
mol e
56
4e
2O2 N+5 +
3 m
4(3 m)
mol e
32
32
3m
4(3 m)
=
+ 0,075
56
32
3e
N+2
m = 2,52 gam. (p n A)
C. 4,48 lt.
D. 6,72 lt.
n
H2
2
(1)
Hng dn gii
42 30
=
12
46 42
=
42
N O : 30
n
:
n
NO2 NO = 12 : 4 = 3
%VNO = 25%
%VNO2 = 75%
Fe 3e Fe3+
N+5 + 3e N+2
N+5 + 1e N+4
3x x
0,3 0,1
0,3 0,3
Theo nh lut bo ton electron:
3x = 0,6 mol x = 0,2 mol
V d 12: Cho 3 kim loi Al, Fe, Cu vo 2 lt dung dch HNO 3 phn ng va thu c 1,792 lt kh X (ktc)
gm N2 v NO2 c t khi hi so vi He bng 9,25. Nng mol/lt HNO3 trong dung dch u l
A. 0,28M.
B. 1,4M.
Hng dn gii
Ta c:
M X = 9,25 4 = 37 =
(M
N2
C. 1,7M.
+ M NO2
D. 1,2M.
nX
= 0,04 mol
2
NO3 + 10e N2
0,08 0,4 0,04 mol
M Mn+ + n.e
0,04 mol
NO3 + 1e NO2
0,04 0,04 0,04 mol
Nhn nh mi: Kim loi nhng bao nhiu electron th cng nhn by nhiu gc NO3 to mui.
n HNO ( to mui ) = n.e ( nh ng) = n.e ( nhn) = 0,04 + 0,4 = 0,44 mol.
0,56
= 0,28M. (p n A)
2
V d 13: Khi cho 9,6 gam Mg tc dng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 m c, thy c 49 gam H2SO4 tham gia phn
ng, to mui MgSO4, H2O v sn phm kh X. X l
[ HNO3 ] =
A. SO2
B. S
C. H2S
D. SO2, H2S
Hng dn gii
49
= 0,5 (mol)
98
V d 14: a gam bt st ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian s chuyn thnh hn hp A c khi lng l 75,2
gam gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4. Cho hn hp A phn ng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 m c, nng
thu c 6,72 lt kh SO2 (ktc). Khi lng a gam l:
D. 25,3 gam.
Hng dn gii
a
mol.
56
75,2 a
S mol O2 tham gia phn ng: n O2 =
mol.
32
Fe Fe3+ + 3e
a
3a
Qu trnh oxi ha:
mol
mol
56
56
3a
S mol e nhng: n e = mol
56
O2 + 4e 2O 2
Qu trnh kh:
= 4
(1)
(2)
(3)
75,2 a
3a
+ 2 0,3 =
32
56
a = 56 gam. (p n A)
V d 15: Cho 1,35 gam hn hp A gm Cu, Mg, Al tc dng vi HNO3 d c 1,12 lt NO v NO2 (ktc) c
khi lng mol trung bnh l 42,8. Tng khi lng mui nitrat sinh ra l:
C. 4,24 gam
D. 5,69 gam
Hng dn gii
2x + 2y + 3z = 0,07.
3 2
3 3
01. Ho tan hon ton m gam Al vo dung dch HNO 3 rt long th thu c hn hp gm 0,015 mol kh
N2O v 0,01mol kh NO (phn ng khng to NH4NO3). Gi tr ca m l
A. 13,5 gam. B. 1,35 gam. C. 0,81 gam. D. 8,1 gam.
02. Cho mt lung CO i qua ng s ng 0,04 mol hn hp A gm FeO v Fe2O3 t nng. Sau khi kt
thc th nghim thu c cht rn B gm 4 cht nng 4,784 gam. Kh i ra khi ng s hp th vo
dung dch Ca(OH)2 d, th thu c 4,6 gam kt ta. Phn trm khi lng FeO trong hn hp A l
A. 68,03%. B. 13,03%. C. 31,03%.
D. 68,97%.
03. Mt hn hp gm hai bt kim loi Mg v Al c chia thnh hai phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1: cho tc dng vi HCl d thu c 3,36 lt H2.
- Phn 2: ho tan ht trong HNO3 long d thu c V lt mt kh khng mu, ho nu trong khng
kh (cc th tch kh u o ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 2,24 lt.
B. 3,36 lt.
C. 4,48 lt.
D. 5,6 lt.
04. Dung dch X gm AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 c cng nng . Ly mt lng hn hp gm 0,03 mol Al;
0,05 mol Fe cho vo 100 ml dung dch X cho ti kh phn ng kt thc thu c cht rn Y cha 3 kim
loi.Cho Y vo HCl d gii phng 0,07 gam kh. Nng ca hai mui l
A. 0,3M.
B. 0,4M.
C. 0,42M.
D. 0,45M.
05. Cho 1,35 gam hn hp Cu, Mg, Al tc dng vi HNO 3 d c 896 ml hn hp gm NO v NO 2 c
M = 42 . Tnh tng khi lng mui nitrat sinh ra (kh ktc).
A. 9,41 gam. B. 10,08 gam. C. 5,07 gam. D. 8,15 gam.
06. Ha tan ht 4,43 gam hn hp Al v Mg trong HNO3 long thu c dung dch A v 1,568 lt (ktc)
hn hp hai kh (u khng mu) c khi lng 2,59 gam trong c mt kh b ha thnh mu nu
trong khng kh. Tnh s mol HNO3 phn ng.
A. 0,51 mol. B. A. 0,45 mol. C. 0,55 mol. D. 0,49 mol.
07. Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp gm ba kim loi bng dung dch HNO 3 thu c 1,12 lt hn hp
kh D (ktc) gm NO2 v NO. T khi hi ca D so vi hiro bng 18,2. Tnh th tch ti thiu dung
dch HNO3 37,8% (d = 1,242g/ml) cn dng.
A. 20,18 ml. B. 11,12 ml. C. 21,47 ml. D. 36,7 ml.
08. Ha tan 6,25 gam hn hp Zn v Al vo 275 ml dung dch HNO 3 thu c dung dch A, cht rn B
gm cc kim loi cha tan ht cn nng 2,516 gam v 1,12 lt hn hp kh D ( ktc) gm NO v NO 2.
T khi ca hn hp D so vi H2 l 16,75. Tnh nng mol/l ca HNO3 v tnh khi lng mui khan
thu c khi c cn dung dch sau phn ng.
A. 0,65M v 11,794 gam.
B. 0,65M v 12,35 gam.
C. 0,75M v 11,794 gam.
D. 0,55M v 12.35 gam.
09. t chy 5,6 gam bt Fe trong bnh ng O2 thu c 7,36 gam hn hp A gm Fe2O3, Fe3O4 v Fe.
Ha tan hon ton lng hn hp A bng dung dch HNO3 thu c V lt hn hp kh B gm NO v
NO2. T khi ca B so vi H2 bng 19. Th tch V ktc l
A. 672 ml.
B. 336 ml.
C. 448 ml.
D. 896 ml.
10. Cho a gam hn hp A gm oxit FeO, CuO, Fe2O3 c s mol bng nhau tc dng hon ton vi lng
va l 250 ml dung dch HNO3 khi un nng nh, thu c dung dch B v 3,136 lt (ktc) hn hp
kh C gm NO2 v NO c t khi so vi hiro l 20,143. Tnh a.
A. 74,88 gam. B. 52,35 gam. C. 61,79 gam. D. 72,35 gam.
p n cc bi tp vn dng
1. B
2. B
3. A
4. B
5. C
6. D
PHNG PHAP 5:
7. C
8. A
9. D
10. A
C rt nhiu phng php gii ton ha hc khc nhau nhng phng php bo ton nguyn t v
phng php bo ton s mol electron cho php chng ta gp nhiu phng trnh phn ng li lm mt,
qui gn vic tnh ton v nhm nhanh p s. Rt ph hp vi vic gii cc dng bi ton ha hc trc
nghim. Cch thc gp nhng phng trnh lm mt v cch lp phng trnh theo phng php bo ton
nguyn t s c gii thiu trong mt s v d sau y.
V d 1: kh hon ton 3,04 gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe 3O4, Fe2O3 cn 0,05 mol H2. Mt khc ha tan hon
ton 3,04 gam hn hp X trong dung dch H2SO4 c thu c th tch kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy
nht) iu kin tiu chun l
A. 448 ml.
D. 112 ml.
Hng dn gii
n Fe =
3,04 0,05 16
= 0,04 mol
56
x + 3y + 2z = 0,04 mol
(2)
Nhn hai v ca (2) vi 3 ri tr (1) ta c:
x + y = 0,02 mol.
Mt khc:
2FeO + 4H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + 4H2O
x
x/2
2Fe3O4 + 10H2SO4 3Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + 10H2O
y
y/2
x + y 0,2
=
= 0,01 mol
2
2
= 224 ml. (p n B)
tng: n SO2 =
Vy:
VSO2
Hng dn gii
nO =
0,32
= 0,02 mol
16
( n CO + n H ) = 0,02 mol .
16,8 = m + 0,32
m = 16,48 gam.
Vhh (CO+ H ) = 0,02 22,4 = 0,448 lt. (p n D)
A. 22,4 gam.
B. 11,2 gam.
C. 20,8 gam.
D. 16,8 gam.
Hng dn gii
n hh (CO +H 2 ) =
2,24
= 0,1 mol
22,4
mO = 1,6 gam.
Khi lng cht rn cn li trong ng s l: 24 1,6 = 22,4 gam. (p n A)
2
V d 4: Cho m gam mt ancol (ru) no, n chc X qua bnh ng CuO (d), nung nng. Sau khi phn ng
hon ton, khi lng cht rn trong bnh gim 0,32 gam. Hn hp hi thu c c t khi i vi hiro
l 15,5. Gi tr ca m l
A. 0,92 gam.
B. 0,32 gam.
C. 0,64 gam.
D. 0,46 gam.
Hng dn gii
o
t
CnH2n+1CH2OH + CuO
CnH2n+1CHO + Cu + H2O
Khi lng cht rn trong bnh gim chnh l s gam nguyn t O trong CuO phn ng. Do nhn
c:
0,32
= 0,02 mol
16
C n H 2n +1CHO : 0,02 mol
: 0,02 mol.
H 2O
mO = 0,32 gam n O =
Hn hp hi gm:
A. 0,5 lt.
B. 0,7 lt.
C. 0,12 lt.
D. 1 lt.
Hng dn gii
1,92
= 0,12 mol .
16
2H+ + O2 H2O
0,24 0,12 mol
0,24
= 0,12 lt. (p n C)
2
V d 6: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mt axit cacbonxylic n chc cn va V lt O2 ( ktc), thu c 0,3
mol CO2 v 0,2 mol H2O. Gi tr ca V l
VHCl =
A. 8,96 lt.
B. 11,2 lt.
C. 6,72 lt.
D. 4,48 lt.
Hng dn gii
A. FeO; 75%.
C. Fe2O3; 65%.
B. Fe2O3; 75%.
D. Fe3O4; 65%.
Hng dn gii
44
12
40
n CO
n CO2
Mt khc:
n CO ( p. ) = n CO 2
28
3
1
%VCO2 = 75% .
n CO
75
=
0,2 = 0,15 mol nCO d = 0,05 mol.
100
=
A. 99,6 gam.
C. 74,7 gam.
B. 49,8 gam.
D. 100,8 gam.
Hng dn gii
n
O2 M2On
2
(1)
V d 9: Cho mt lung kh CO i qua ng ng 0,01 mol FeO v 0,03 mol Fe 2O3 (hn hp A) t nng. Sau khi
kt thc th nghim thu c 4,784 gam cht rn B gm 4 cht. Ho tan cht rn B bng dung dch HCl
d thy thot ra 0,6272 lt H2 ( ktc). Tnh s mol oxit st t trong hn hp B. Bit rng trong B s
mol oxit st t bng 1/3 tng s mol st (II) oxit v st (III) oxit.
A. 0,006.
B. 0,008.
C. 0,01.
D. 0,012.
Hng dn gii
FeO : 0,01 mol
+ CO 4,784 gam B (Fe, Fe2O3, FeO, Fe3O4) tng ng vi s mol
Fe2O3 : 0,03 mol
Hn hp A
l: a, b, c, d (mol).
Ho tan B bng dung dch HCl d thu c n H = 0,028 mol.
Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2
a = 0,028 mol.
(1)
2
n Fe3O4 =
Theo u bi:
1
n FeO + n Fe2O3
3
1
3
d = ( b + c ) (2)
Tng mB l:
(56.a + 160.b + 72.c + 232.d) = 4,78 gam.
(3)
S mol nguyn t Fe trong hn hp A bng s mol nguyn t Fe trong hn hp B. Ta c:
nFe (A) = 0,01 + 0,03 2 = 0,07 mol
nFe (B) = a + 2b + c + 3d
a + 2b + c + 3d = 0,07
(4)
T (1, 2, 3, 4)
b = 0,006 mol
c = 0,012 mol
d = 0,006 mol. (p n A)
V d 10: Kh hon ton 24 gam hn hp CuO v FexOy bng H2 d nhit cao thu c 17,6 gam hn hp 2
kim loi. Khi lng H2O to thnh l
A. 1,8 gam.
B. 5,4 gam.
Hng dn gii
V d 11: Kh ht m gam Fe3O4 bng CO thu c hn hp A gm FeO v Fe. A tan va trong 0,3 lt dung
dch H2SO4 1M cho ra 4,48 lt kh (ktc). Tnh m?
A. 23,2 gam.
B. 46,4 gam.
C. 11,2 gam.
D. 16,04 gam.
Hng dn gii
2
4
n Fe ( Fe3O4 ) = n Fe ( FeSO4 )
3n = 0,3 n = 0,1
m Fe O = 23,2 gam (p n A)
3
V d 12: un hai ru n chc vi H2SO4 c, 140oC c hn hp ba ete. Ly 0,72 gam mt trong ba ete
em t chy hon ton thu c 1,76 gam CO2 v 0,72 gam H2O. Hai ru l
A. CH3OH v C2H5OH.
B. C2H5OH v C3H7OH.
C. C2H5OH v C4H9OH.
D. CH3OH v C3H5OH.
Hng dn gii
0,72
0,72
12 = 0,48 gam ; m H =
2 = 0,08 gam
44
18
01. Ha tan hon ton hn hp X gm 0,4 mol FeO v 0,1mol Fe2O3 vo dung dch HNO3 long, d thu
c dung dch A v kh B khng mu, ha nu trong khng kh. Dung dch A cho tc dng vi
dung dch NaOH d thu c kt ta. Ly ton b kt ta nung trong khng kh n khi lng
khng i thu c cht rn c khi lng l
A. 23,0 gam. B. 32,0 gam. C. 16,0 gam. D. 48,0 gam.
02. Cho kh CO i qua ng s cha 16 gam Fe2O3 un nng, sau phn ng thu c hn hp rn X gm
Fe, FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3. Ha tan hon ton X bng H2SO4 c, nng thu c dung dch Y. C cn
dung dch Y, lng mui khan thu c l
A. 20 gam. B. 32 gam.
C. 40 gam.
D. 48 gam.
03. Kh hon ton 17,6 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 cn 2,24 lt CO ( ktc). Khi lng st thu
c l
A. 5,6 gam. B. 6,72 gam. C. 16,0 gam. D. 11,2 gam.
04. t chy hn hp hirocacbon X thu c 2,24 lt CO2 (ktc) v 2,7 gam H2O. Th tch O2 tham
gia phn ng chy (ktc) l
A. 5,6 lt.
B. 2,8 lt.
C. 4,48 lt.
D. 3,92 lt.
05. Ho tan hon ton a gam hn hp X gm Fe v Fe 2O3 trong dung dch HCl thu c 2,24 lt kh H2
ktc v dung dch B. Cho dung dch B tc dng dung dch NaOH d, lc ly kt ta, nung trong
khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 24 gam cht rn. Gi tr ca a l
A. 13,6 gam. B. 17,6 gam. C. 21,6 gam. D. 29,6 gam.
06. Hn hp X gm Mg v Al2O3. Cho 3 gam X tc dng vi dung dch HCl d gii phng V lt kh
(ktc). Dung dch thu c cho tc dng vi dung dch NH3 d, lc v nung kt ta c 4,12 gam
bt oxit. V c gi tr l:
A. 1,12 lt.
B. 1,344 lt. C. 1,568 lt. D. 2,016 lt.
07. Hn hp A gm Mg, Al, Fe, Zn. Cho 2 gam A tc dng vi dung dch HCl d gii phng 0,1 gam
kh. Cho 2 gam A tc dng vi kh clo d thu c 5,763 gam hn hp mui. Phn trm khi lng
ca Fe trong A l
A. 8,4%.
B. 16,8%.
C. 19,2%.
D. 22,4%.
08. (Cu 2 - M 231 - TSC - Khi A 2007)
t chy hon ton mt th tch kh thin nhin gm metan, etan, propan bng oxi khng kh (trong
khng kh Oxi chim 20% th tch), thu c 7,84 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 9,9 gam H2O. Th tch khng
kh (ktc) nh nht cn dng t chy hon ton lng kh thin nhin trn l
A. 70,0 lt.
B. 78,4 lt.
C. 84,0 lt.
D. 56,0 lt.
09. Ho tan hon ton 5 gam hn hp 2 kim loi X v Y bng dung dch HCl thu c dung dch A v kh
H2. C cn dung dch A thu c 5,71 gam mui khan. Hy tnh th tch kh H2 thu c ktc.
A. 0,56 lt.
B. 0,112 lt. C. 0,224 lt
D. 0,448 lt
10. t chy hon ton m gam hn hp Y gm C2H6, C3H4 v C4H8 th thu c 12,98 gam CO2 v 5,76
gam H2O. Vy m c gi tr l
A. 1,48 gam.
B. 8,14 gam.C. 4,18 gam. D. 16,04 gam.
p n cc bi tp vn dng:
1. D
2. C
3. C
4. D
5. C
6. C
7. B
8. A
9. C
10. C