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z

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Super elevation Widening



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1 :





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....

) (



) 40 ( .
.

) 16 25(.
) ( .


)12 16( .

1 1 Design Classes




.

44

44

-2
2 1 Design Speed


. .

2 2 Running Speed

) ( .
.Average

2 3 Spot Speed

.
) (2

/
Design Speed
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140


/
Average Running Speed
45
53
61
68
75
81
88
94
100
106

2 4 Design Speed Standards





.
44

) (3


) ( Expressway


/
30


/
50

50

60

80

100

70
50

90
60

90

120

3 )( Highway Capacity & Level of Service


3 1

.
3 2


) (4
.
) (4
Two Lanes

93/ -

420/ .

44

88 / .
. 0.27
750 / .

84 /


90

.


70
0.10 . 0.80
50 .

43
.
1200
/
80/ .
64
1800 /
.

.
.
40

.

72/ 33
2800 /
.
)(
) (1.00-0.70
)(
. 0.95
)( .

72/ 25 33

2000 . .

:
.
.
.
.
.
.
) (5

44

C
C
D

4 1 )( Sight Distance


.
4 1 1 )(Stopping Sight Distance

:
-1


D1=1.47vt
:
=v )(mph
=T 2.5 1.5

-

(D2=v2/2g(f+G
:
=G )(+ ) (-
=F
=g
) (7) (6

( (6

/
30
40
50
60
70
80
44

30-30
40-40
47-50
55-60
63-70
70-80


)(f
0.40
0.38
0.35
0.33
0.31
0.30


29.6-29.6
44.4-44.4
57.4-62.8
74.3-84.6
94.1-110.8
112.8-139.4

z
77-90
85-100
91-110
98-120

90
100
110
120

0.30
0.29
0.28
0.28

131.2-168.7
157.0-205.0
179.5-246.4
202.9-285.6

) (7

/
40
50
60
70
80
90
100

)(

3
2
3
5
7
9
12
16

6
4
6
10
15
21
29
38

9
6
10
18
26
*
*
*

4 1 2 )(Passing Sight Distance






:
-D1
-D2
-D3
-D4

Dpassing=d1+d2+d3+d4
(D1=1.47t1(v-m+at1/2
D2=1.47vt2
D3=(110-300) feet
D4=2/3D2
44

)(8

30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120

)(
217
285
345
407
482
541
605
670
728
792

5 )

:( Horizontal Alignment


.
5-1 :
-1 :

44

=
=T =(Rtan(/2
=L =R(/180)
=E =(T tan(/4
=M =((R(1-cos(/2
=Lc =(2Rsin(/2
-2 :

-3 :

-4 :
) (


.

.
.
:
44

) L = 0.0702 V3 / ( RXC
:

=L
=V ) /(
5-2
=R )( :
= )/
C
3


,

:

(R=V2/127(e+f
:
=R
=V /
=f
=e /
5 3 Superelevation Development
.
Transition Curve
.
).(10
)
(11 ). (12
) (10

/
40
50
60
70
44

%
0.74
0.66
0.59
0.54

z
0.50
0.47
0.44
0.41
0.38
0.36
0.34

80
90
100
110
120
130
140

) (11



)/
) /(
(
0.10
0.08
0.10
0.08
0.12
0.08
0.12
0.10

) (11

/
0.17
40
0.16
50
0.15
60
0.14
70
0.14
80
0.13
90
0.12
100
0.11
110
0.09
120
0.09
130
140

44

0.08


0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

55
90
135
195
250
335
440
560
755
885

50
85
125
175
230
305
395
500
655
785

45
75
115
160
210
275
360
455
595
700

1100

965

860

45
70
105
150
195
255
330
415
540
635
770

3-1 5 :
) (
.

.




5 3 2 :

) ). ((6


) ) (7)( (8

5 4

Curve
Widening

.
. :
-1 ): (mechanical widening

44

Wm=nL2/2R
:
=N
=R
=L 6.1
-2 ): (Psychological
Wps=V/9.5R.5
:
=V
=R

46

:



.
) (2-4

.

44

5 7 :

.


.
:
.1


.
.




.
.2

.

.

44

.3 .

.
.
.4
150
5 30
.
.5
.




.
.6

1.5
.
.7




60 .
.8 )
(




.
500
.
250 .
.9
.
.
44



.10
500 1000
.

6

.
.
)
( .



.
6 1


0.5 .

0.3 .

. ) (15
) (11

/
>50
50
60
70
80
90
100
<100
44

3-5
3-5
3-4

4-6
4-5
3-5
3-5

7-9
6-8
5-7
4-6

8-12
7-11
6-9

6-2



-6-2-1 :


:
(Y=(Ax2/200L
:
=Y
=X
=A %
=L
:
-1 ):(crest vertical curve

:
- ): (S>L
Lmin=AS2/100{(2h1)+(2h2)}2
- ): (S<L
{Lmin=2S-{200(h1+h2)2/A
44

:
=Lmin
=A %
=H1 )1.07(
=H2 )0.15(
-2 ):(sag vertical curve
:
- :
(Lmin=AS2/(120+3.5S
- :
{Lmin=2S-{(120+3.5S)/A
:
= S
:
-1 ):(crest vertical curve
:
.

L = Kc X A

= L
)Kc= (8
=A

) (8 K c

) /(
40
50
60
70
80
44

) ( Kc


90
5
130
15
180
18
250
31
49

310

z
90
100
110
120

390
480
570
670

71
105
151
202

)( :
40 / 4 - 3 +

) (8 Kc 40 /
.5
A = | (3) - (- 4)| = 7
L = 5 x 7 = 35 m
10 40 .

-2 ):(sag vertical curve



L = Ks x A

= L
)Ks = (9
= A

40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120

)(Ks
8
12
18
25
32
40
51
62
73

) ( :
40 / 3 -+
3 .
) (9 K s 40 / 8
A = | (-3) - (3 ) | = 6
44

m L = 6 x 8 = 48
50 .

6 3 :

:
.1




.
.2


.


.

.

.
.3 )
(
.
.4




.
.5
.
.
.6
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7 1

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.1




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.2
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.3




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.4
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.5



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.6

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7 2

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2500 :1 2000: 1 1000:1
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8
8 1

.
.


.

3.65 3.35
.
8 2


.
.

.. 1.5

.
8 3
44



.


.
) (Shoulder
.
2.50 6.50 .

3.00

.
8 4 Frontage Roads


.
8 4 1 Location Of Frontage Road

.
.
8 4 2 Outer Separation

.
.
8 4 3 Terminals

.
8 5


).(17
) (18
) (17

44

2.50
1.25

2.00

..

) (18


2.50
2.50
2.00


3.25
3.65
3.65

8 6 Side Slope

. ) (19

) (1 :2

44

) (

))

1:3
1:6
1:3
1:6
1:4
1:6

10
1: 4
1: 4
1: 4
1: 4 1: 6 1:6

1:2
1:3
1:2
1:3
1:3
1:4

1-3
1: 3
1: 3
1: 4
1: 4 1 : 4 1 : 4

1:2
1:3
1:2
1:3
1:2
1:3

53
1 : 1.5 1: 3
1: 3
1: 4 1 : 3 1 : 4

1:2
1:2
1:2
1:2
1:2
1:2

5
1 : 1.5 1:2
1:2
1:3
1:2 1: 3

9
.
.

.
.

. .
.
9 1 :

22.5 15
1
3 2 8



.
50 60
.
9 2 .

10 15 1:1 1:2


.

) (23 .

44

10


. 1.5
.
.


.

11



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.

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44


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50
.

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12

.




.
.
12 1
3 12

) (Through Traffic


44


12
.




.


. 3
.
12 2

7
4 .
7
4 8
.
)
(
3 1 3
1 2 .
12 3


.


.
12 4

.



.
)
44

(

.
.


. 5



.

.

) (
0.50 0.60
.

13
GEOMETRIC DESIGN OF ROUNDABOUT

.


)
60 40 60 ( .
13 1 FLARE DESIGN AT ENTRY
)
( Approach Lanes
30 95 .
13 2 ENTRY WIDTH

3.65 4.60
. .

.
13 3 CIRCULATING WIDTH
44



.
.
.
) ( ROUNDABOUT
15 28
.
13 4 INSCRIBED CIRCLE DIAMETER

. 30.5
WB - 50

.
13 5 EXITS
.

.
13 6 SPLITTER ISLANDS
.

.
13 7 DEFLECTION

. 45 / .

:
.
.
.
.
) 2.15(
131 . 48/
.

.

44

13 8 :
40 48 /
. )
(20 .

) ( 20

)/(
20.00
24.00
32.00
40.00
48.00

44


) (
18.50
30.50
55.00
88.50
131.00

13 9 SIGHT DISTANCE
.


.
) : (1
.
) : (2 ) ( YIELD
.
) : (3
YIELD.

13 10 INSCRIBED CIRCLE DIAMETER


29
91.4 . ) ( BUS 29


40
50
) ... ( .
) ( 21 )(

) (
91.4
85.3
79.2
73.2
67.1
61.0
57.9
54.9
51.8
48.8
45.7
44


) ( ) (
6.60
5.20
6.60
5.20
6.90
5.20
7.00
5.30
7.30
5.30
7.60
5.50
7.80
5.50
8.10
5.60
8.40
5.80
8.70
5.90
9.10
6.10

z
42.7
39.6
36.6
33.5
30.5
29.0

6.20
6.4
6.70
7.00
7.00
7.20

9.60
10.20
11.1
12.3
*
*

* ) (

14



.


.

14 1 Flexible Pavement
1 1 14 :

.
14 1 1 1 :


14 1 1 2 :


.
.
SN
PT ) ( = 2.5 )
( =. 2.00
18000 ) 80000 ( )(22
.


44


:
= 365x (LF x A ) x T x GF x ADT
:
= ADT .
= A ) ( .
= GF .
= T .
= LF ) (
). (22
14 1 1 3 C B R

)
(CBR
3
0.10
)
( CBR= 100 ) (CBR
.
14 1 1 4


)
(
.
) (23


2
4
6


50
45
40

14 1 1 5 .

10 30 15
44


.
14 1 1 6 .



4 2

14 1 1 7


.



.

14 2 :

). (AASHTO
14 2 1 )(Mr



.

) (CBR
) (Mr ) (CBR :
Mr = 1500 x CBR PSI

10 CBR 10

). (27

) (Marshall )(Hveem
). (25
14 2 2 :

44

.
2.5 2.0 .

4.2 4.5 .
) : (25 ) (a1
20

) / ( 2
125.000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000


)(
500
750
975
1200
1400
1600
1900

0.22
0.25
0.30
0.33
0.36
0.39
0.42

Hveem
80
95
120
130
155
175
190

) ( 26 m3 , m2
.

1.0
1.25 1.15

0.60
1.05 0.80

) (27 ) (a3 )
( a2 )(Mr


Mr
2
Mr
) )
/ ) (a2 / 2
(a3
(CBR
13000
0.095
20
13500
0.100
25
14500
0.11
30
21000
0.105
16000
0.120
40
25000
0.120
17500
0.125
55
27000
0.130
70
30000
0.140
100
44

14 2 3 )(SN



a3 , a2 , a1


) (SN :
SN = a1 t1 + a2 m2 t2 + a3 m3 t3
t3 , t2 ,t1 m3 , m2

) (a2 ) (a3
) (CBR
)(27

20
. ) (25
m3 , m2

24
m3 , m2
)(26
14 3 .
)(SN
) (34

AASHTO 95 0.45

44

.1 )(
).(1
.2 )(Mr )( ) (2
) (2 ) (1
)( ).(3
.3 ) (PSI
)( .
.4 ) (3
) (PSI ). (4
.5 )(
) (5 ). (SN3
.6 ) 1 ( 5
). (SN 2
.7 ) 1 (5
). (SN1
.8 .
44

z
SN1
) ( =

=t1

a1
SN2
a1 t1

=t
) ( =
2
a 2 m2
SN3 a1 t1
a2 t2 m2
) ( = = t 3
a3 m3

: 1
14 3 1

) (28

.

) ( 28









5 5

5 5 5

15
< 9
20 25
5 5

5 5 5

15

25 30
9-5
5

5 5

30

30
5-2

44

7

35

14 4 :
3 15
2000 / . 2
:

) (


1 2 3 4

2 4

20

4
:
.1 55
.2 . 70
.3 = 400000 / .
:
1 ) (22
:

0.0033

0.052


:
20 2000
= ) 22 = (0.052+0.0033
100

= 22
15 2
) (24 17.95
4 ) 45 ). ( (23
= 3650.4517.95 22
= 64862.325
2 .
.
) (25
a1 = 0.42
44


) ( 27 = . 55
a3 = 0.125 Mr = 17500 / 2

) (27 = . 70
a2 = 0.130 Mr = 27000 / 2
3
= CBR 1500
= 6000 = 4 1500 / 2 ) (31
2.5 4.5 :
= SN3 = 2.70
= SN2 = 2.00
= SN1 = 1.75
:
1.75
= t1 = 10.57 = 4.16 = 11
0.42
)2
0.42
(4.16
= t2= 1.4 10 = 4
0.13
10=4 =3.46=4.16 0.42-(40.1301)-2.7= t3
0.125

5 7 10
10 .

:
.1
.2 ) (
.3 ) (
44

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