Mot So PP Giai Nhanh Hoa Huu Co WWW Lehongphongbh 2833

THPT L Hng Phong-BH-N PP giai nhanh HHC
GV:Nguyn Vn Minh Thng tin linh:

Ym:congtu_nhangheo2215@yahoo.com
Website:www.lehongphongbh.com
1
Phng Php Gii Nhanh Trc Nghim Ha Hu c

1. Da trn cng thc tng qut ca hirocacbon
Th d: Cng thc tng qut ca hirocacbonA c dng (C
n
H
2n+1
)
m
. A thuc
dy ng ng no?
A) Ankan B) Anken C) Ankin D) Aren

Suy lun: C
n
H
2n+1
l gc hidrocacbon ha tr I. Vy phn t ch c th do 2 gc
hydrocacbon ha tr I lin kt vi nhau, vy m = 2 v A thuc dy ankan:
C
2n
H
2n+4
.
2. Khi t chy hidrocacbon th cacbon to ra CO
2
v hidro to ra H
2
O.
Tng khi lng C v H trong CO
2
v H
2
O phi bng khi lng ca
hidrocacbon.
Th d: t chy hon ton m gam hn hp gm CH
4
, C
3
H
6
v C
4
H
10
thu c
17,6g CO
2
v 10,8g H
2
O. m c gi tr l:
A) 2g B) 4g C) 6g D) 8g.

Suy lun: M
hn hp
= m
C
+ m
H
=
17 10,8
12 2 6
44 18
gam +
.
3. Khi t chy ankan thu c nCO
2
> nH
2
O v s mol ankan chy bng
hiu s ca s mol H
2
O v s mol CO
2
.
C
n
H
2n+2
+ 2
3 1
2
n
O
+
nCO
2
+ (n + 1) H
2
O
Th d 1: t chy hon ton 0,15 mol hn hp 2 ankan thu c 9,45g H
2
O.
Cho sn phm chy vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
d th khi lng kt ta thu c
l:
A. 37,5g B. 52,5g C. 15g D. 42,5g
p n: A
Suy lun:
n
ankan
= nCO
2
- nCO
2
nCO
2
= nH
2
O - n
ankan

nCO
2
=
9, 45
18
= 0,15 = 0,375 mol
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
| + H
2
O
nCaCO
3
= CO
2
= 0,375 mol
mCaCO
3
= 0,375.100 = 37,5g
Th d 2: t chy hon ton hn hp 2 hidrocacbon lin tip trong dy ng
ng thu c 11,2 lt CO
2
(ktc) v 12,6g H
2
O. Hai hidrocacbon thuc dy
ng ng no?
A. Ankan B. Anken C. Ankin D. Aren
Suy lun:
2
nH
2
O =
12, 6
18
= 0.7 > 0,5. Vy l ankan
Th d 3: t chy hon ton hn hp 2 hidrocacbon lim tip trong dy ng
ng thu c 22,4 lt CO
2
(ktc) v 25,2g H
2
O. Hai hidrocacbon l:
A. C
2
H
6
v C
3
H
8
B. C
3
H
8
v C
4
H
10

C. C
4
H
10
v C5H
12
D. C
5
H
12
v C
6
H
14

Suy lun: nH
2
O =
25, 2
18
= 1,4 mol ; nCO
2
= 1mol
nH
2
O > nCO
2
2 cht thuc dy ankan. Gi n l s nguyn t C trung bnh:

2 2 n n
C H
+
+
3 1
2
n +
O
2

n
CO
2
+ ( ) 1 n +
H
2
O

Ta c:
1
1 1, 4
n
n
=
+

n
= 2,5

Th d 4: t chy hon ton hn hp gm 1 ankan v 1 anken. Cho sn phm
chy ln lt i qua bnh 1 ng P
2
O
5
d v bnh 2 ng KOH rn, d thy
bnh 1 tng 4,14g, bnh 2 tng 6,16g. S mol ankan c trong hn hp l:
A. 0,06 B. 0,09 C. 0,03 D. 0,045

Suy lun: nH
2
O =
4,14
18
= 0,23 ; nCO
2
=
6,16
44
= 0,14
n
ankan
= nH
2
O nCO
2
= 0,23 0,14 = 0,09 mol
Th d 5: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hn hp gm CH
4
, C
4
H
10
v C
2
H
4
thu
c 0,14 mol CO
2
v 0,23 mol H
2
O. S mol ankan v anken c trong hn hp
ln lt l:
A. 0,09 v 0,01 B. 0,01 v 0,09
C. 0,08 v 0,02 D. 0,02 v 0,08
Suy lun: n
ankan
= 0,23 0,14 = 0,09 ; n
anken
= 0,1 0,09 mol
4. Da vo phn ng cng ca anken vi Br
2
c t l mol 1: 1.
Th d: Cho hn hp 2 anken i qua bnh ng nc Br
2
thy lm mt mu va
dung dch cha 8g Br
2
. Tng s mol 2 anken l:
A. 0,1 B. 0,05 C. 0,025 D. 0,005

Suy lun: n
anken
= nBr
2
=
8
160
= 0,05 mol
C
2
H
6

C
3
H
8
3
5. Da vo phn ng chy ca ankan mch h cho nCO
2
= nH
2
O
Th d 1: t chy hon ton hn hp 2 hidrocacbon mch h trong cng dy
ng ng thu c 11,2 lt CO
2
(ktc) v 9g H
2
O. Hai hidrocacbon thuc
dy ng ng no?
A. Ankan B. Anken C. Ankin D, Aren

Suy lun: nCO
2
=
11, 2
0, 5
22, 4
=
mol ; nH2O =
9
0,5
18
=

nH
2
O = nCO
2

Vy 2 hidrocacbon thuc dy anken.
Th d 2: Mt hm hp kh gm 1 ankan v 1 anken c cng s nguyn t C
trong phn t v c cng s mol. Ly m gam hn hp ny th lm mt mu va
80g dung dch 20% Br
2
trong dung mi CCl
4
. t chy hon ton m gam
hn hp thu c 0,6 mol CO
2
. Ankan v anken c cng thc phn t l:
A. C
2
H
6
, C
2
H
4
B. C
3
H
8
, C
3
H
6
C. C
4
H
10
, C
4
H
8
D. C
5
H
12
, C
5
H
10

Suy lun: n
anken
= nBr
2
=
80.20
100.160
=
0,1 mol

C
n
H
2n
+
3
2
n
O
2
n CO
2
+ n H
2
O
0,1 0,1n

Ta c: 0,1n =
0, 6
2
=
0,3 n = 3 C
3
H
6.

6. t chy ankin: nCO
2
> nH
2
O v n
ankin (chy)
= nCO
2
nH
2
O
Th d 1: t chy hon ton V lt (ktc) mt ankin th kh thu c CO
2
v
H
2
O c tng khi lng 25,2g. Nu cho sn phm chy i qua dd Ca(OH)
2
d
thu c 45g kt ta.
a. V c gi tr l:
A. 6,72 lt B. 2,24 lt C. 4,48 lt B. 3,36 lt

Suy lun: nCO
2
= nCaCO
3
=
45
100
=
14 2 49, 6 3, 4. n n + = = 0,45 mol

nH
2
O =
25, 2 0, 45.44
18
=
0,3 mol
n
ankin
= nCO
2
nH
2
O = 0,45 0,3 = 0,15 mol
4
V
ankin
= 0,15.22,4 = 3,36 lt
b. Cng thc phn t ca ankin l:
A. C
2
H
2
B. C
3
H
4
C. C
4
H
6
D. C
5
H
8

nCO
2
= 3n
ankin
. Vy ankin c 3 nguyn t C
3
H
4

Th d 2: t chy hon ton V lt (ktc) 1 ankin thu c 10,8g H
2
O. Nu cho
tt c sn phm chy hp th ht vo bnh ng nc vi trong th khi lng
bnh tng 50,4g. V c gi tr l:
A. 3,36 lt B. 2,24 lt C. 6,72 lt D. 4,48 lt
Suy lun: Nc vi trong hp thu c CO
2
v H
2
O
mCO
2
+ mH
2
O = 50,4g ; mCO
2
= 50,4 10,8 = 39,6g

nCO
2
=
39, 6
44
=
0,9 mol
n
ankin
= nCO
2
nH
2
O =
10,8
0,9
4418
=0,3 mol
7. t chy hn hp cc hidrocacbon khng no c bao nhiu mol CO
2

th sau hidro ha hon ton ri t chy hn hp cc hidrocacbon khng
no s thu c by nhiu mol CO
2
. l do khi hidro ha th s nguyn
t C khng thay i v s mol hidrocacbon no thu c lun bng s mol
hidrocacbon khng no.
Th d: Chia hn hp gm C
3
H
6
, C
2
H
4
, C
2
H
2
, thnh 2 phn u nhau:
- t chy phn 1 thu c 2,24 lt CO
2
(ktc).
- Hidro ha phn 2 ri t chy ht sn phm th th tch CO
2
thu c l:
A. 2,24 lt B. 1,12 lt C. 3,36 lt D. 4,48 lt
8. Sau khi hidro ha hon ton hidrocacbon khng no ri t chy th thu
c s mol H
2
O nhiu hn so vi khi t lc cha hidro ha. S mol H
2
O tri
hn chnh bng s mol H
2
tham gia phn ng hidro ha.
Th d: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol ankin thu c 0,2 mol H
2
O. Nu hidro
ha honaf ton 0,1 mol ankin ny ri t chy th s mol H
2
O thu c l:
A. 0,3 B. 0,4 C. 0,5 D. 0,6
Suy lun: Ankin cng hp vi H
2
theo t l mol 1:2. Khi cng hp c 0,2 mol
H
2
phn ng nn s mol H
2
O thu c thm cng l 0,2 mol , do s mol
H
2
O thu c l 0,4 mol
8. Da v cch tnh s nguyn t C v s nguyn t C trung bnh hoc
khi lng mol trung bnh
+ Khi lng mol trung bnh ca hn hp:
hh
hh
m
M
n
=

5
+ S nguyn t C:
2
X Y
co
C H
n
n
n
=

+ S nguyn t C trung bnh:
2
CO
hh
n
n
n
=
;
1 2
n a n b
n
a b
+
=
+

Trong : n
1
, n
2
l s nguyn t C ca cht 1, cht 2
a, b l s mol ca cht 1, cht 2
+ Khi s nguyn t C trung bnh bng trung bnh cng ca 2 s nguyn t C th
2 cht c s mol bng nhau.
V d 1: Hn hp 2 ankan l ng ng lin tip c khi lng l 24,8g. Th
tch tng ng ca hn hp l 11,2 lt (ktc). Cng thc phn t ankan l:
A. CH
4
, C
2
H
6
B. C
2
H
6
, C
3
H
8

B. C
3
H
8
, C
4
H
10
D. C
4
H
10
, C
5
H
12
Suy lun:

24,8
49, 6
0, 5
hh
M = = ; 14 2 49, 6 3, 4. n n + = =
2 hidrocacbon l C
3
H
8
v C
4
H
10.
V d 2: t chy hon ton hn hp 2 hidrocacbon mch h, lin tip trong
dy ng ng thu c 22,4 lt CO
2
(ktc) v 25,2g H
2
O. Cng thc phn t 2
hidrocacbon l:
A. CH
4
, C
2
H
6
B. C
2
H
6
, C
3
H
8

C. C
3
H
8
, C
4
H
10
D. C
4
H
10
, C
5
H
12

V d 3: Cho 14g hn hp 2 anken l ng ng lin tip i qua dung dch
nc Br
2
thy lm mt mu va dd cha 64g Br
2
.
1. Cng thc phn t ca cc anken l:
A. C
2
H
4
, C
3
H
6
B. C
3
H
8
, C
4
H
10

C. C
4
H
10
, C
5
H
12
D. C
5
H
10
, C
6
H
12

2. T l s mol 2 anken trong hn hp l:
A. 1:2 B. 2:1 C. 2:3 D. 1:1
Suy lun:
1.
8,81
0, 2
44
mol =
2
64
0, 4
160
anken Br
n n mol = = =

14
35
0, 4
anken
M = = ; 14 35 2, 5. n n = =
l : C
2
H
4
v C
3
H
6

Th d 4: Cho 10,2g hn hp kh A gm CH
4
v anken ng ng lin tip i
qua dd nc brom d, thy khi lng bnh tng 7g, ng thi th tch hn hp
gim i mt na.
6
1. Cng thc phn t cc anken l:
A. C
2
H
4
, C
3
H
6
B. C
3
H
6
, C
4
H
10

C. C
4
H
8
, C
5
H
10
D. C
5
H
10
, C
6
H
12

2. Phn trm th tch cc anken l:
A. 15%, 35% B. 20%, 30%
C. 25%, 25% D. 40%. 10%
Suy lun:
1.
4 4
2 2 CH anken CH anken
V V n n = =

2
7
anken
m g = ;
4
10, 2 7
0, 2
16
CH
n

= =
;
7
14 2, 5
0, 2
n n = =
. Hai
anken l C
2
H
4
v C
3
H
6
.
2. V
2 3
2, 5
2
n
+
= = =trung bnh cng nn s mol 2 anken bng nhau. V
cng iu kin %n = %V.
%V = 25%.
Th d 5: t chy 2 hidrocacbon th kh k tip nhau trong dy ng ng
thu c 48,4g CO
2
v 28,8g H
2
O. Phn trm th tch mi hidrocacbon l:
A. 90%, 10% B. 85%. 15%
C. 80%, 20% D. 75%. 25%
Th d 6: A, B l 2 ru no n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Cho hn
hp gm 1,6g A v 2,3g B tc dng ht vi
Na thu c 1,12 lt H
2
(ktc). Cng thc phn t 2 ru l:
A. CH
3
OH, C
2
H
5
OH B. C
2
H
5
OH, C
3
H
7
OH
C. C
3
H
7
OH, C
4
H
9
OH D. C
4
H
9
OH, C
5
H
11
OH
10. Da trn phn ng tch nc ca ru no n chc thnh anken
anken
n =n
ru
v s nguyn t C khng thay i. V vy t ru v t anken
tng ng cho s mol CO
2
nh nhau.
Th d: Chia a gam ancol etylic thnh 2 phn u nhau.
Phn 1: mang t chy hon ton 2,24 lt CO
2
(ktc)
Phn 2: mang tch nc hon ton thnh etylen, t chy hon ton lng etylen
m gam H
2
O. m c gi tr l:
A. 1,6g B. 1,8g C. 1,4g D. 1,5g
Suy lun: t chy c 0,1 mol CO
2
th t chy tng ng cng c 0,1 mol
CO
2
. Nhng t anken cho mol CO
2
bng mol H
2
O.
Vy m = 0,1.18 = 1,8.
11. t 2 cht hu c, phn t c cng s nguyn t C, c cng s mol CO
2

th 2 cht hu c mang t chy cng s mol.
Th d: t chy a gam C
2
H
5
OH c 0,2 mol CO
2
. t chy 6g C
2
H
5
COOH
c 0,2 mol CO
2
.
7
Cho a gam C
2
H
5
OH tc dng vi 6g CH
3
COOH (c H
2
SO
4
xt, t
0
Gi s H =
100%) c c gam este. C c gi tr l:
A. 4,4g B. 8,8g 13,2g D. 17,6g
Suy lun:

2 5 3 2
1
2
C H OH CH COOH CO
n n n
=
= = = 0,1 mol.

3 2 5
0,1 0,1.88 8,8
CH COOC H este
n mol m c g = = = =

12. Da trn phn ng t chy anehit no, n chc cho s mol CO
2
= s mol
H
2
O. Anehit
2
, H xt +
ru
0
2
, O t +
cng cho s mol CO
2
bng s mol CO
2

khi t anehit cn s mol H
2
O ca ru th nhiu hn. S mol H
2
O tri hn bng
s mol H
2
cng vo anddeehit.
Th d: t chy hn hp 2 anehit no, n chc thu c 0,4 mol CO
2
. Hidro
ha hon ton 2 anehit ny cn 0,2 mol H
2
thu c hn hp 2 ru no, dn
chc. t chy hon ton hn hp 2 ru th s mol H
2
O thu c l:
A. 0,4 mol B. 0,6mol C. 0,8 mol D. 0,3 mol
Suy lun: t chy hn hp 2 anehit c 0,4 mol CO
2
th cng c 0,4 mol
H
2
O. Hidro ha anehit nhn thm 0,2 mol H
2
th s mol ca ru tri hn ca
anehit l 0,2 mol. Vy s mol H
2
O to ra khi t chy ru l 0,4 + 0,2 = 0,6
mol.
13. Da v phn ng trng gng: cho t l n
HCHO
: n
Ag
= 1 : 4
n
R-CHO
: n
Ag
= 1 : 2.
Th d: Cho hn hp HCHO v H
2
i qua ng ng bt nung nng. Dn ton b
hn hp thu u sau phn ng vo bnh nc lnh ngng t hi cht lng v
hoa tan cc cht c th tan c , thy khi lng bnh tng 11,8g.
Ly dd trong bnh cho tc dng vi dd AgNO
3
/NH
3
thu c 21,6g Ag. Khi
lng CH
3
OH to ra trong phn ng hp H
2
ca HCHO l:
A. 8,3g B. 9,3g C. 10,3g D. 1,03g
Suy lun: H-CHO + H
2

0
Ni
t
CH
3
OH
(
3
CH OH HCHO
m m + ) cha phn ng l 11,8g.
HCHO + 2Ag
2
O
3
NH
CO
2
+ H
2
O + 4 Ag|
1 1 21, 6
0, 05
4 4 108
HCHO Ag
n n mol = = = .
M
HCHO
= 0,05.30 = 1,5g ;
3
11,8 1,5 10,3
CH OH
m g = =
Th d 2: Cho hn hp gm 0,1 mol HCOOH v 0,2 mol HCHO tc dng ht vi
dd AgNO
3
/NH
3
th khi lng Ag thu c l:
A. 108g B. 10,8g C. 216g D. 21,6g
Suy lun: 0,1 mol HCOOH 0,2 mol Ag
0,2 mol HCHO 0,8 mol Ag
p n A.
8
Th d 3: Cht hu c X thnh phn gm C, H, O trong %O: 53,3 khi lng.
Khi thc hin phn ng trang gng, t 1 mol X 4 mol Ag. CTPT X l:
A. HCHO B. (CHO)
2
C. CH
2
(CHO)
2
D. C
2
H
4
(CHO)
2

11. Da vo cng thc tnh s ete tao ra t hn hp ru hoc da vo
LBTKL.
Th d 1: un hn hp 5 ru no n chc vi H
2
SO
4
, 140
0
C th s ete thu c
l:
A. 10 B. 12 C. 15 D. 17

Suy lun: p dng cng thc :
( 1)
2
x x +
ete thu c 15 ete.
Th d 2: un 132,8 hn hp gm 3 ru n chc vi H
2
SO
4
c, 140
0
C hn
hp cc ete c s mol bng nhau v c khi lng l 111,2g. S mol ete l:
A. 0,1 mol B. 0,2 mol C. 0,3 mol D. 0,4 mol
Suy lun: un hn hp 3 ru to ra 6 ete.
Theo LBTKL: m
ru
= m
ete
+
2
H O
m

2
H O
m = 132,8 111,2 = 21,6g
Do
2
21, 6
1, 2
18
ete H O
n n mol
=
= =

n
mi ete
=
1, 2
0, 2
6
mol = .
12. Da vo phng php tng gim khi lng:
Nguyn tc: Da vo s tng gim khi lng khi chuyn t cht ny sang cht
khc xc nh khi lng 1 hn hp hay 1 cht.
C th: Da vo pt tm s thay i v khi lng ca 1 mol A 1mol B hoc
chuyn t x mol A y mol B (vi x, y l t l cn bng phn ng).
Tm s thay i khi lng (AB) theo bi z mol cc cht tham gia phn ng
chuyn thnh sn phm. T tnh c s mol cc cht tham gia phn ng v
ngc li.
i vi ru: Xt phn ng ca ru vi K:

2
( ) ( )
2
x x
x
R OH xK R OK H + +
Hoc ROH + K ROK +
1
2
H
2

Theo pt ta thy: c 1 mol ru tc dng vi K to ra 1 mol mui ancolat th khi
lng tng: 39 1 = 38g.
Vy nu cho khi lng ca ru v khi lng ca mui ancolat th ta c th
tnh c s mol ca ru, H
2
v t xc nh CTPT r.
i vi anehit: xt phn ng trng gng ca anehit
R CHO + Ag
2
O
0
3
, NH t
R COOH + 2Ag
Theo pt ta thy: c 1mol anehit em trng gng 1 mol axit
9
A m = 45 29 = 16g. Vy nu cho m
anehit
, m
axit
n
anehit
, n
Ag
CTPT
anehit.
i vi axit: Xt phn ng vi kim
R(COOH)
x
+ xNaOH R(COONa)
x
+ xH
2
O
Hoc RCOOH + NaOH RCOONa + H
2
O
1 mol 1 mol A m| = 22g
i vi este: xt phn ng x phng ha
RCOOR
+ NaOH RCOONa + R
OH
1 mol 1 mol A m| = 23 M
R

i vi aminoaxit: xt phn ng vi HCl
HOOC-R-NH
2
+ HCl HOOC-R-NH
3
Cl
1 mol 1mol A m| = 36,5g
Th d 1: Cho 20,15g hn hp 2 axit no n chc tc dng va vi dd Na
2
CO
3

th thu c V lt CO
2
(ktc) v dd mui.C cn dd th thu c 28,96g mui. Gi
tr ca V l:
A. 4,84 lt B. 4,48 lt C. 2,24 lt D. 2,42 lt E. Kt qu khc.
Suy lun: Gi cng thc trung bnh ca 2 axit l: R COOH
Ptpu: 2 R COOH + Na
2
CO
3
2 R COONa + CO
2
| + H
2
O
Theo pt: 2 mol 2 mol 1 mol
A m = 2.(23 - 11) = 44g
Theo bi: Khi lng tng 28,96 20,15 = 8,81g.
S mol CO
2
=
8,81
0, 2
44
mol = Th tch CO
2
: V = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48 lt
Th d 2: Cho 10g hn hp 2 ru no n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng
tc dng va vi Na kim loi to ra 14,4g cht rn v V lt kh H
2
(ktc). V c
gi tr l:
A. 1,12 lt B. 2,24 lt C. 3,36 lt D. 4,48 lt
Suy lun: Theo ptpu: 1 mol ru phn ng 1mol ancolat + 0,5 mol H
2
th khi
lng tng:
6 6 2
2
( )
1, 4
2
14,1
78 45
n n
C H NO
n
n
N
n
=
+
m A =23 -1 = 22g
Vy theo u bi: 1 mol mui ancolat v 0,5mol H
2
bay ra th tng
14,4 10 = 4,4g. S mol H
2
=
4, 4.0,5
0,1
22
mol =
Th tch H
2
: V = 0,1.22,4= 2,24 lt.
10
Th d 3: Khi thy phn hon ton 0,05 mol este ca 1 axit n chc vi 1 ru
n chc tiu tn ht 5,6g KOH. Mt khc, khi thy phn 5,475g este th tiu
tn ht 4,2g KOH v thu c 6,225g mui. Vy CTCT este l:
A. (COOC
2
H
5
)
2
B. (COOCH
3
)
2

C. (COOCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
)
2
D. Kt qu khc
Suy lun: V n
KOH
= 2n
este
este 2 chc to ra t axit 2 chc v ru n chc.
t cng thc tng qut ca este l R(COOR
)
2
:
R(COOR
)
2
+ 2KOH R(COOK)
2
+ 2R
OH
1 mol 2 mol 1 mol th m = (39,2 2R
)g
0,0375 mol 0.075 mol 0,0375 mol th m = 6,225 5,475 =
0,75g.
0,0375(78 2R
) = 0,75 R
= 29 R
= C
2
H
5
-
M
este
=
5, 475
146
0, 0375
= M
R
+ (44 + 29)2 = 146 M
R
= 0
Vy cng thc ng ca este l: (COOC
2
H
5
)
2
13. Da vo LBTNT v LBTKL:
- Trong cc phn ng ha hc, tng khi lng cc cht tham gia phn ng bng
tng khi lng ca cc sn phm to thnh.
A + B C + D
Th m
A
+ m
B
= m
C
+ m
D
- Gi m
T
l tng khi lng cc cht trc phn ng
M
S
l tng khi lng cc cht sau phn ng
D phn ng va hay cn cht d ta vn c: m
T
= m
S

- S dng bo ton nguyn t trong phn ng chy:
Khi t chy 1 hp cht A (C, H) th
2 2 2
( ) ( ) ( ) O CO O H O O O pu
n n n + =

2 2 2
( ) ( ) ( ) O CO O H O O O pu
m m m + =

Gi s khi t chy hp cht hu c A (C, H, O)
A + O
2
CO
2
+ H
2
O
Ta c:
2 2 2
O CO H O
mA m m m + = + Vi m
A
= m
C
+ m
H
+ m
O

Th d 1: t chy hon ton m gam hn hp Y: C
2
H
6
, C
3
H
4
, C
4
H
8
th thu c
12,98g CO
2
v 5,76g H
2
O. Tnh gi tr m? (p s: 4,18g)
Th d 2: cho 2,83g hn hp 2 ru n chc tc dng va vi Na th thot ra
0,896 lt H
2
(ktc) v m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 5,49g B. 4,95g C. 5,94g D. 4,59g
Th d 3: Cho 4,2g hn hp gm ru etylic, phenol, axit fomic tc dng va
vi Na thy thot ra 0,672 lt H
2
(ktc) v 1dd. C cn dd thu c hn hp rn X.
Khi lng ca X l:
A. 2,55g B. 5,52g C. 5,25g D. 5,05g
Suy lun: C 3 hp cht trn u c 1 nguyn t H linh ng S mol Na = 2nH
2

= 2.0,03 = 0.06 mol
11
p dng LBTKL:
m
X
= 4,2 + 0,06(23 - 1) = 5,52g. O
Th d 4: Chia hn hp 2 anehit no n chc lm 2 phn bng nhau:
P1: em t chy hon ton thu c 1,08g H
2
O
P2: tc dng vi H
2
d (Ni, t
0
) th thu hn hp A. em A t chy hon ton th
th tch CO
2
(ktc) thu c l:
A. 1,434 lt B. 1,443 lt C. 1,344 lt D. 1,444 lt
Suy lun: V anehit no n chc nn s mol CO
2
= s mol H
2
O = 0,06 mol

2
( 2) ( 2)
0,06
CO P C P
n n mol = =
Theo BTNT v BTKL ta c:
( 2) ( )
0,06
C P C A
n n mol = =
2
( )
0,06
CO A
n mol =

2
22, 4.0,06 1,344
CO
V = = lt
Th d 4: Tch nc hon ton t hn hp Y gm 2 ru A, B ta c hn hp X
gm cc olefin. Nu t chy hon ton Y th thu c 0,66g CO
2
. Vy khi t
chy hon ton X th tng khi lng CO
2
v H
2
O l:
A. 0,903g B. 0,39g C. 0,94g D. 0,93g
14. Phng php nhm nguyn t trung bnh:
Nhm y c th l s nhm -OH, -NH
2,
NO
2

Th d1: Nitro ha benzen thu c 14,1g hn hp gm 2 cht nitro c khi lng
phn t hn km nhau 45 vc. t chy hon ton hn hp 2 cht nitro ny c
0,07mol N
2
. Hai cht nitro l:
A. C
6
H
5
NO
2
v C
6
H
4
(NO
2
)
2

B. C
6
H
4
(NO
2
)
2
v C
6
H
3
(OH)
3

C. C
6
H
3
(NO
2
)
3
v C
6
H
2
(NO
2
)
4

D. C
6
H
2
(NO
2
)
4
vC
6
H(NO
2
)
5

Suy lun: Gi n l s nhm NO
2
trung bnh trong 2 hp cht nitro.
Ta c CTPT tng ng ca 2 hp cht nitro:
6 6 2
( )
n n
C H NO

(n < n < n
= n +1)
6 6 2
( )
n n
C H NO

2
2
n
N
1 mol
2
n
mol
14,1
78 45n +
0,07 mol
1, 4 n = , n = 1, n = 2 p n A.
V d 2: Hn hp X gm 2 ru no c s nguyn t bng nhau. t chy hon
ton 0,25 mol X thu c 11,2 lt CO
2
(ktc). Mt khc 0,25 mol X em tc dng
vi Na d thy thot ra 3,92 lt H
2
(ktc). Cc ru ca X l:
A. C
3
H
7
OH v C
3
H
6
(OH)
2

B. C
4
H
9
OH v C
4
H
8
(OH)
2

12
C. C
2
H
5
OH v C
2
H
4
(OH)
2

D. C
3
H
7
OH v C
3
H
5
(OH)
3

p n: C
Cn na
Chc cc bn s t mt ma thi thnh cng!!!

Mot So PP Giai Nhanh Hoa Huu Co WWW Lehongphongbh 2833

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Mot So PP Giai Nhanh Hoa Huu Co WWW Lehongphongbh 2833

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

THPT L Hng Phong-BH-N PP giai nhanh HHC

GV:Nguyn Vn Minh Thng tin linh:

You might also like