FUNCTION

OF

NUTRITION

the recognition of the role of nutrition in preventing diseases or illnesses.

 the concern for adapting food patterns of individuals to their nutritional needs within the framework of their cultural, economic and psychological situation and style.

HISTORY
OF

NUTRITION
AS A

SCIENCE

NATURALISTIC ERA (400 B.C-1750 A.D.) Hippocrates as father of medicine , 1st to show interest in nutrition. Effects of food and exercise to one s health Relation to chemistry, medicine and physiology.

CHEMICAL-ANALYTICAL ERA (1750A.D.-1900A.D.)

LAVOISER known as the father of nutrition , because of his respiration and oxidation studies discoveries of oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and nitrogen, different substances needed by the body, carbohydrate, fat protein and mineral ash other substances necessary to promote growth, vitamins, their isolation and synthesis were also discovered.

ANTOINE LAVOISIERFATHER OF NUTRITION

BIOLOGICAL ERA (1900-1955)

more discoveries of factors with vitaminlike properties(essential elements of the human diet and others for various aspects of animals)

study of the interrelationships existing between nutrients and their biological roles

 Determination of human dietary requirements Nutrition education and its application in the improvement of nutritional status.

CELLULAR/MOLECULAR ERA(1955 TO PRESENT)

Study of molecular metabolism Use of more sophisticated equipment like radioactive isotopes, electron microscope and micro-technical techniques.

Roles of different nutrients that play in growth, development and maintenance of cells; deficiency at any point adversely affects the whole body.

AGE OF HIGH TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

Production of hormones and enzymes by bacteria. Production of insulin, extraction of the hormone from the stomach of larger animals Effect of interferon on certain virus

Correcting genetic defects in human such as sickle cell anemia Improvement of livestock and crops

HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS OF NUTRITION IN THE PHILIPPINES

FIRST PERIOD(1903-1923): Studies done by American and foreign scientists aided by Filipino workers. Studies on beri-beri and proximate composition of foods and worked on Filipino and physiological standards.

Other studies conducted were:

1. analysis of various foods by Gibbs and Agcaoili(1912) 2. analysis on Philippine fruits by Pratt(1913) 3. analysis on varieties of rice by Wells (1923)

1914 -The UP College of

Agriculture published studies made by their investigators
Gonzales on coconut Dacanay on Philippine bananas Labayan on sweet potatoes

Philippine Bananas

Potatoes

VEDDER AND R.R. WILLIAMS

-Cause of beri-beri large scale of manufacture of tiki-tiki extracts(initiated by Bureau of Sciences, one of the first institutions established in the country.) -These extracts reduced infant mortality rate among infants.

SECOND PERIOD (1923-1943)

Intensification of research studies in our country Research studies were organized and more funds and facilities were made available to our Filipino scientists.

Studies conducted and published are the following:

Basal metabolic standards for Filipino students( Fleming O. Santos 1923) Calcium content of local foods(Adriano-1925) Height and weight Table- Siasoco and Goco

 Food Processing-pioneered by

Orosa, followed by Acena, Adriano and Sumulong Growth Standards DeterminationConcepcion, Icasiano and Cruz

1932 - The National Research

Council(NRC) of the Philippines was established and on a section on nutrition was created under the Chairmanship of F.O. Santos(Father of Nutrition in the Phils.)

ACCOMPLISHMENT OF THIS SECTION:

First table of RDA for specific nutrient by Concepcion, Hermano and Gutierrez in 1941. Revision of RDA table which included Niacin and Riboflavin by Santos and Concepcion in 1947.

THIRD PERIOD(FROM WORLD WAR II TO 1960)

Highlighted by the creation of nutrition agencies and councils which worked on organized activities in nutrition and food research and the coordination of the activities of the government and private agencies involved in nutrition work.

NUTRITION AGENCIES

1. PHILIPPINE INSTITUTE OF NUTRITION (PIN)- 1947 Researches on food and nutritional biochemistry, basic and applied nutrition and nutrition surveys. 1958-transferred to DOH under the
National Science Development Board (NSDB) through R.A.2067 and renamed

Food and Nutrition Research Center(FNRC).

MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS:
completion of the ten regional

surveys throughout the Philippines(1957-1968) assessment of the problems and the extent of malnutrition revisions of the food consumption table

2. FOOD COMMISSION- created by President Elpidio Quirino(1951) established nutrition services related to the production, distribution and consumption of food.

3. NUTRITION FOUNDATION OF THE PHILIPPINES(NFP-1959)

A private agency organized by prominent men of science with the objective of helping improve the health of the people through assistance programs on foods and nutrition designed to complement and supplement government efforts.

1947- series of experiments on beriberi was initiated by Salcedo and coworkers

it was found out that enriched rice lowered mortality rate of beri-beri R.A. 832- Rice Enrichment Law was passed.

FOURTH PERIOD(1960 UP TO PRESENT)

Attempts of the government and private sectors to coordinate all activities related to food, nutrition and agriculture throughout the Philippines to solve the malnutrition of the country.

1960- The National Coordinating

Council on Foods and Nutrition(NCCFN) was organized by Dr. Conrado Pascual. ( marked the formal beginning of the coordination of the applied nutrition,nutrition research as well as food research activities

July 1, 1960- The DOH established

the NNP now National Nutrition Service, and through its mothercraft centers helped prevent malnutrition among the preschoolers.

1968- The Malnutrition Ward was first established by Dr. F. Solon at Southern Island Hospital in Cebu and is now made a part of their service in almost all government hospitals.

January 21,1971 Pres. Marcos issued Executive Order no. 285, authorizing the Natl. Food and Agricultural Council to coordinate all food and nutrition programs in the country. The program was referred to as the Philippine Food and Nutrition Program (PFNP)

June 25,1974 The National Nutrition

Council created under the office of the President by Presidential Decree 491 (Nutrition Act) was charged with the task of formulating an integrated Nutrition nationwide. the act designated JULY as Nutrition Month

JULY 2, 1974 The Nutrition Center of the Philippines by Mrs. Imelda Marcos generate interest and resources from among private sectors and international institutions. design specific projects and activities towards erasing the malnutrition problems in the country
.

1977- PD 1286(The Nutrition and Dietitics Decree of 1977) regulates the practice of nutrition and dietitics. -sets minimum requirements for nutritionist dieticians for hospitals and nutrition agencies

1978- PD 1956 proclaimed to further strengthened Nutrition Program of the country. -provides for the Barangay Nutrition Scholar(BNS) for every Barangay