Disadvantages of Nano robotics:

Some of the disadvantages of nano robotics are:

y Cluster of different nano robots with one another is harmful,
y Installation cost is high,
y Maintenance is difficult.
The nano robotic future is very bright. Nowadays, nano robotics is developing faster day by day because of their use
in medical industries. They cure many senior ill patients and renew their lives by the use of nano robotics. HIV,
cancer and other harmful diseases are also under progress for curing. The development of nano robotics is endless
and there is more advancement yet to come in the future.

NANOTECHNOLOGY:
Nanotechnology is based on the principles of controlling matter at its basic level. This technology is
about the controlling matter at an atomic and molecular level. Nanotechnology is expected to prove
helpful in the production of new materials. It can prove being useful in a variety of fields like
electronics and medicine. But we need to look at the dangers it may pose to the life forms on Earth.
Look at some of the disadvantages of nanotechnology.

According to a discovery, silver nanoparticles used in socks to fight foot odor if released in water can
prove detrimental to the purity of water.

Silver nanoparticles are bacteriostatic, by which we mean that they limit the growth of bacteria. This
may result in the destruction of bacteria that help in breaking down the organic matter in water
treatment plants.

Recent research has revealed that some kinds of carbon nanotubes can prove as harmful as asbestos
inhaled in fair quantities. Sometimes, they can cause mesothelioma.

The process of manufacturing nanomaterials results in the release of certain waste products. This
waste can float in air or even penetrate animal and plant cells.

Nanoparticles have large surfaces. This makes them susceptible to get absorbed by macromolecules in
an animal body. They can hinder biological processes, thus intervening the functioning of nature.

Nanotechnology poses certain serious social implications. Nanotechnological products may replace
natural substances. Farmers and factory workers whose livelihood depends on the production and
distribution of these natural substances will face difficulties. Nanotechnology will thus lead to people
losing their jobs. Agricultural countries will have to face financial losses if nanomaterials produced in
developed countries begin substituting for their agricultural products.

Nanotechnology can be advantageous to a certain extent. But considering its environmental and social
implications, the decision to apply it in various spheres of life requires a second thought.





INTRODUCTION
Nano robots are the
controllable devices
measured on the
scale of Nanometers
to perform the tasks
in both Medical and
Industrial fields.
Designed by using
nanotechnology.
1 Nanometer=
1/(10)^9 meters.
Technique like
Atomic
Force Microscopy are
being employed to
establish a visual
interface & to enable
us to sense the
molecular structure of
These nano scaled
devices.
CONSTRUCTION
Carbon atoms in a
diamond structure &
light elements such
as hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen, silicon etc.
Super smooth
surfaces
These are so tiny.
The nanofactories
would use nano-scale
tools capable of
constructing
nanorobots with
exact specifications.
The construction
Process is nearly
cost-free and
virtually pollution free.
Controlled through
limited design
functionality,
programming.
EX: A simple
nanorobot that was
designed a few years
ago is the artificial
mechanical red cell
which we call it as
Respirocyte
RESPIROCYTE - A
simple Nanorobot
Respirocyte measure
about a micron in
diameter and just
floats along in the
blood stream.
It is a spherical
nanorobot made up
of 18-billion atoms.
Respirocyte can
deliver 236 times
more oxygen Per unit
volume than a natural
red cell.
Nanorobot is for more
efficient because its
diamond construction
permits a much
higher operating
pressure
Amazing fact about
Respirocyte!
If 1 liter of
respirocytes are
added into our
bloodstream, then we
can hold our breath
for nearly 4 hours by
sitting quietly at the
bottom of a
swimming pool.
If we were sprinting
at top speed, then we
could run for at least
15 minutes before we
had to take a breath!
NANOROBOT AND
ITS PARTS
It have a wide range
of sensors to
navigate through
human body and fast
molecular
identification.
It may have powerful
transport subsystem
to molecular deliver
system
Wide range of
computer guided
nanomanipulator also
required.
It may have
broadcasting system
which can connect to
other nanorobot and
macro computers
Finally, it may have
long telescopic
manipulators to
holding cells or
surfaces.
SOURCES OF
ENERGY
Glucose / natural
body sugars / body
heat and oxygen and
other biochemical /
molecular parts.
By using the energy
& mass in the body
the nanorobots can
replicate themselves
to n times.
FEATURES OF
NANOROBOT
Nanorobot posses at
least rudimentary two
way communication.
It will response to
acoustic signals.
It will able to receive
power and
programming
instructions from
external source via
sound waves
APPLICATION OF
NANOROBOT
Electronics field
Telecommunication
field
Biotechnology field
In Electronics &
Telecommunication
Nanotechnology
In Nano circuits.
In Bio-technology
Molecular / Atomic /
Cellular based
therapies
The characteristic
that they can easily
flow through human
body makes them
find application in
Medical field .
In Medical field
Treatment of cancer.
Diabetes - Monitoring
glucose levels.
Repairing the
damaged pancreas
cells.
Detection of toxic
cells.
Use of nanorobots
in humanbody
To destroy cancer
cells and leaving
healthy cells
untouched.
A patient undergoing
this treatment could
expect to have no
awareness of
molecular devices
working inside him.
Nanorobots
in Cancer treatment
Chemotherapy
treatment can affect
the body health &
also weaken the body
strength.
The traditional
treatment of radiation
that kills not only
cancer cells but
healthy human cells
as well, causing hair
loss, fatigue,
nausea, depression,
and a host of other
symptoms.


Reference: http://www.seminarprojects.com/Thread-nanorobotics-full-report?page=3#ixzz1V1av5Xoi


























Repairing of damaged cell
in human being using nano
robots
What is nanotechnology?
Nanotechnology is a creation
of functional materials,
devices and systems,
through understanding and
control of matter at
dimensions in nanometer
scale length(1-100 nm),
where new functionalities and
properties of matter are
observed and harnessed for
broad range of applications
Nanotechnology Applications
INTRODUCTION
A Nanorobot is
Nanotechnological robot
Nanomachine also called a
Nanite.
Element used is carbon in
form of diamond
On the other hand some
light elements are used for
special purposes
Powering of Nano robots
can be done by metabolizing
local glucose and oxygen for
energy
Nanotechnology in medicine
Nano robots are injected in
patient body to perform their
treatment on cellular level
Nanorobots used in
medical field are
manufactured in carefully
controlled Nano-factories
Nanorobots distinguish
between different cell types
by checking their surface
antigens
d DNA REPAIR MACHINE
d STRUCTURE OF
NANOTUBE
NANOROBOTS
COMMUNICATION
A Nanorobot injected in
human body will be mobile
and have powerful navigation
system
It is manufactured
from flawless diamond due to
bio-capability with human
body
It is categorized in three
types
o Nanorobots communicating
with machine outside human
body
o Nanorobots communicating
with other nanorobots inside
human body
o Nanorobotss
communicating with human
organs,tissues,cellular
systems
FUTURE NANOROBOTICS
Most reliable and high
performance molecular
machines may be
constructed out of
diamondoid materials
In 10 to 20 years from
today, earliest molecular
machine systems and
Nanorobots may join medical
armamentarium
The prospect for diamond
Nanorobotics remains
controversial
d Nano injector
d CANCER CELLS
Respirocytes
Artificial mechanical red
blood cell is example for
future device
Respirocytes mimic the
action of natural haemoglobin
filled red blood cells
Injection of 5ml therapeutic
dose of 50% respirocyte
saline suspension , a total of
5 trillion individual nanorobots
into human bloodstream
would exactly duplicate gas
carrying capacity of patients
entire 5.4L of blood
As Newton stated that for
every action there will be an
Equal and opposite
reaction
If the applications and uses
heads in one direction , the
disadvantages like nano-
pollution heads in other
direction
d Nano -pollution
conclusion
As per the aim we have
discussed about the repairing
of damaged cell in human.
This method doesnt affect
the healthy cells such that the
cancer affected person is
healthy after the treatment.
This treatment doesnt
involve critical operations.
This treatment will not take
longer time as in any other
treatments . This can be very
well used for other dangerous
diseases


Reference: http://www.seminarprojects.com/Thread-nanorobotics-full-
report?page=3#ixzz1V1b8qrMC



Swarm Robotics:
ABSTRACT
This paper presents
an introduction to
the world of swarm
robots and
adumbrates its
applications.
It is currently one of
the most important
application areas for
swarm intelligence.
These robots can
spy in any region
without any danger
of being detected.
Swarm provides the
possibility of
enhanced task
performance ,high
reliability ,low unit
complexity and
decreased cost over
traditional robotic
systems.
Swarm-bots are a
collection of mobile
robots able to self
assemble and to
self-organise in
order to solve
problems that cant
be solved by single
robot.
They are applied to
many fields, such as
flexible
manufacturing
system ,space craft,
inspection
,maintenance,
construction
,agriculture and
medicine work.
INTRODUCTION
The emerging field
of nano robotics
deals with both the
designs of nano
scale machines and
controlled
manipulation of
nano sized objects.
Medical science will
be the first
application to reap
the benefits of nano
robot
A major advantage
that nanorobots
provide is durability
,as theoritically they
can lasts for years.
WHAT IS
NANOROBOTICS ?
Programmable
assembly of nm-
scale components
either by
manipulation with
macro or micro
devices, or by
directed self-
assembly.
Design and
fabrication of robots
with overall
dimensions at or
below the mm range
and made of nm-
scale components.
Programming and
coordination of large
numbers (swarms)
of such nanorobots.
EVOLUTION OF
SWARM
Researchers try to
examine hoe
collections of
animals, such as
flocks ,herds and
schools , move in a
way that appears to
be orchestrated. A
flock of birds moves
like a well
choreographed
dancce troup. How
can they coordinate
their action so well.
In 1987 Reynolds
created a BIOD
model, which is a
distributed model, to
simulate on a
computer yhe
motion of a flock of
birds.
The swarm
behaviour of
simulated flock is
the result of the
dense interaction of
relatively simple
behaviours of the
individual biods.
SWARM
ROBOTICS
Swarm robotics is a
new approach to the
coordination of
multirobot systems
which consist of
large numbers of
mostly simple
physical robots. It is
supposed that a
desired collective
behavior emerges
from the interactions
between the robots
and interactions of
robots with the
environment. This
approach emerged
on the field of
artificial swarm
intelligence, as well
as the biological
studies of insects,
ants and other fields
in nature, where
swarm behaviour
occurs.
SWARM
INTELLIGENCE
Swarm Intelligence
systems are
typically made up of
a population of
simple agents or
boids interacting
locally with one
another and with
their environment.
The agents follow
very simple rules,
and although there
is no centralized
control structure
dictating how
individual agents
should behave,
interactions
between such
agents lead to the
emergence of
"intelligent" global
behavior, unknown
to the individual
agents. Natural
examples of SI
include ant colonies,
bird flocking, animal
herding, bacterial
growth, and fish
schooling.
The application of
swarm principles to
robots is called
swarm robotics,
while 'swarm
intelligence' refers
to the more general
set of algorithms.
GOALS AND
APPLICATIONS
Both miniaturization
and cost are key-
factors in swarm
robotics. These are
the constraints in
building large
groups of robotics;
therefore the
simplicity of the
individual team
member should be
emphasized. This
should motivate a
swarm-intelligent
approach to achieve
meaningful behavior
at swarm-level,
instead of the
individual level.
Potential
applications for
swarm robotics
include tasks that
demand for
miniaturization
(nanorobotics,
microbotics), like
distributed sensing
tasks in
micromachinery or
the human body. On
the other hand
swarm robotics can
be suited to tasks
that demand cheap
designs, for
instance mining
tasks or agricultural
foraging tasks. Also
some artists use
swarm robotic
techniques to
realize new forms of
interactive art.
THE WATER
SKATER ROBOT
Robots are getting
so light that they
can be made to
stand on the surface
of water without
breaking the surface
tension. There is a
big difference
between something
that floats in the
water and
something that just
stands on top of it
without getting wet.
A bug like robot
inspired by insects
that skate across
water has been
engineered. The
machine is about
7cm.
SELF
RECONFIGURING
MODULAR ROBOT
Modular self-
reconfiguring robotic
systems or self-
reconfigurable
modular robots are
autonomous
kinematic machines
with variable
morphology.
For example, a
robot made of such
components could
assume a worm-like
shape to move
through a narrow
pipe, reassemble
into something with
spider-like legs to
cross uneven
terrain, then form a
third arbitrary object
(like a ball or wheel
that can spin itself)
to move quickly
over a fairly flat
terrain; it can also
be used for making
"fixed" objects, such
as walls, shelters, or
buildings.
Each module has its
own computer and
communicates via
infrared connections
CHAIN ROBOTS
SNAKE ROBOT
Chain robots are the
long chains that can
connect to one
another at specified
points. Depending
on the number of
chains and where
they connect ,these
robots can resemble
snakes or spiders.
They can also
become rolling
loops or bipedal
walking robots. A
set of modular
chains could
navigate an
obstacle by crawling
like snake ,crossing
rocky terrain as
spider or riding
tricycle across a
bridge.
SPIDER ROBOT
TET-WALKER
The TETWALKER
stands for
tetrahedral walker. It
is designed for
robots that uses a
unique form of
locomotion based
on shifting of the
centre of mass of a
tetrahedron.
Tetwalker can
further be shrinked
to nano size and
join the troops of the
swarm to carry out a
diverse set of tasks.
TET WALKER
ADVANTAGES --
DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES :-
High durablity.
Very less chance of
being detected.
Can be used in
almost every field.
Highly smart
technology.
DISADVANTAGES:-
High cost.
Implimentation
difficulties.
SCOPE AND
FUTURE
Robots are going to
be an important part
of future. Once
robots are useful,
groups of robots are
the next step, and
will have
tremendious
potential to benefit
mankind. Software
designed to run on
large groups of
robots is the key
needed to unlock
this potential.
Work on nanorobot
construction has
begun at a low level
and will increase as
the project evolves.
CONCLUSION
There are some
huge questions yet
to be answered.
How far can we take
nanorobotics before
it interferes our
basic humanity
However, the
control design and
the development of
complex nano
systems with high
performance can be
well used to pave
the way for future
use of nanorobotics.
With the emerging
era of molecular
engineering , the
new approaches of
nanorobotics
behaviour are
expected to have a
great impact for an
effective
development on
nanorobotics.


Reference: http://www.seminarprojects.com/Thread-nanorobotics-full-report?page=3#ixzz1V1bOljkZ















Potential disadvantages of nanotechnology:
Another potentlul problem wlth nunotechnology ls the luck of our own knowledge. We know thut we cun creute
muterluls wlth nunotechnology but we stlll huve to stop und understund the lmpuct of the creutlon of these
products wlll huve on the nunoscule.
If we chunge the structure of muterlul on the nuno level wlthout understundlng the potentlul lmpuct on the
nunoscule, we rlsk creutlng u whole world of muterluls thut huve utoms thut uctuully do not flt together
coheslvely.
There ure some potentlul dlsudvuntuges of nunotechnology thut full ln the reulm of both the pructlcul und the
ethlcul. If nunotechnology cun help the humun body recover from lllness or ln|ury then lt ls qulte posslble thut
nunotechnology cun creute un ultered humun stute.
We could potentlully be uble to creute u humun ruce thut ls englneered und ultered to become hyper
lntelllgent und super strong. The serlous compllcutlons wlth such lssues lnclude the ldeu thut the sclentlflc
technology would only be uvulluble to those who cun ufford lt. Thut would meun there would be un undercluss
of people; the people we ure now.
Should nunotechnology uctuully be uble to procure un honest und true moleculur munufucturlng muchlne for
every household how would the worlds economy survlve? Whut would we do wlth ull those |obs thut ure lost
ln the munufucturlng flelds und how would we culculute monetury concerns when lt comes to thls type of on
demund munufucturlng?
There ls u host of potentlul weuponry thut could be produced on u moleculur level. For uny sclentlst, the
potentlul to englneer dlseuses und creute lethul weuponry thut cunt even be seen ls un ethlcul quugmlre. Even
more dlstresslng ls whether or not other countrles thut huve nunotechnology cupubllltles wlll creute these
weupons.
Whlle lt sounds us though the dlsudvuntuges of nunotechnology wlll be the end of the world, thls ls not reully
the cuse. Wlth ull the good uny sclence cun do, there ls ulwuys the cupublllty of englneerlng evll potentlul.
There ls u system of checks und bulunces ln pluce to help prevent the mlshundllng of sclentlflc reseurch und
cupubllltles.
There ls ulso not u greut llkellhood thut most of the potentlul dlsudvuntuges wlll come to frultlon. Ruther, lt ls
more llkely thut the ethlcul questlons und concerns wlll be uddressed us the potentlul for uctuul development
und pructlcul use comes lnto pluy. Most of the concerns thut sclentlsts und ethlcul experts ure concerned wlth
wlll not be u reullstlc potentlul for u long tlme to come.

Reud more: http://nunogloss.com/nunotechnology/the-potentlul-dlsudvuntuges-of-
nunotechnology/#lxzz1V1o2sluf


Reud more: http://nunogloss.com/nunotechnology/the-potentlul-dlsudvuntuges-of-
nunotechnology/#lxzz1V1nsC2n5