Multimedia:

Types of media: Linear, Non Linear WWW: World Wide Web maintained & developed by World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) HTTP: Hyper Text Transfer Protocol is stateless request/response protocol Request Format: Response Format: METHOD URI Version Version Status-Code Status-Phrase Additional-Headers Additional-Headers Message-Body Message-Body Ex: GET http://www.google.com HTTP/1.1 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server HTTP methods: GET/ POST HTML: Hyper Text Markup Language, collection of tags with format <token params></token> DHTML: Dynamic HTML with CSS (Cascading Style Sheet) XML: Extensible Markup Language: full structured language using DTD (Document Type Definition) XSL: XML Style Sheet for XML presentation: it is CSS for XML. XSL parts: XSL Transformations (XSLT), XML Path Language (XPath), XSL Formatting Objects SMIL: Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language for multimedia presentation using markup language. SMIL 2.0: is specified by XML using modularization, Language Profiles. SMIL tags: <par>, <audio>,<video>,<text>,<seq> Multimedia Components: Text, Image, Video, Audio, Graphics; Color components: Red, Blue, Green (Alpha) Types of Graphics/Image Representation: 1-bit/binary/monochrome image: 1 pixel or pel takes 1 bit with 2 colors (black (0), white (1)) 8-bit gray/ bitmap scale image: 1 pixel takes 8 bit bits with 256 colors (0-255), Resolution: number of pixels in image; Aspect ration: ratio between width & height of image Ex: 4:3 Frame buffer: used to store image in hardware. 24-bit image: 1 pixel takes 24 bits with (256)3 colors; but it takes 32 bits as R+G+B (24 bits)+ Alpha (8 bits)=32 8-bit color image: 1 pixel takes 8 bits with 256 selected colors using color histogram, with Color Look up Table. Image file formats: GIF: Graphics Interchange Format by UNISYS with GIF87a, GIF89a versions; GIF Components: GIF signature, Screen Descriptor, Global Color Map, Local Color Map, Image Descriptor, Raster Data, GIF terminator. JPEG: Joint Photographic Experts Group by ISO PNG: Portable Network Graphics; TIFF: Tagged Image File Format; EXIF: Exchange Image File; PS: Post Script PDF: Portable Document Format WMF: Windows Meta File BMP: BitMap Color models for Images: RGB (additive) for CRT displays, CMY (subtractive color model), CMYK for printers Color models for Videos: YUV for PAL video, YIQ for NTSC or TV broadcasting, YCbCr for digital video. Types of Video signals: (Analog and Digital) Component video: 3 lines(R, G, B), used YUV/ YIQ, no crosstalk, with more bandwidth, good synchronization. Composite Video: 2 lines (Chrominance/Color, Luminance/Intensity), uses YUV/YIQ, for VCRs. Super Video: 2 lines (luminance, composite signal), , more cross talk, low band width. Analog video types: NTSC video: by North America & Japan, with 30 fps, 525 scan lines, 6.0 MHz channel width, 4:3 aspect ratio. PAL Video: Phase Altering Line, by Germans, with 25 fps, 625 scan lines, 8.0 MHz channel width, 4:3 aspect ratio. SECAM video: Systeme Electronique Couleur Avec Memorie, 25 fps, 625 scan lines, 8.0 MHz channel width, 4:3. Digital Video types: Chroma Subsampling: 4:4:4, 4:2:2, 4:1:1, 4:2:0 CCIR: Consultative Committee for International Radio, versions: CCIR 601, CCIR 601, CIF, QCIF; Digitization: Quantization, Sampling Sample Rate: number of samples per second Nyquest therom: falias=fsampling-ftrue or ftrue<fsampling<2xftrue SNR: Signal to Noise Ratio; SQNR: Signal to Quantization Noise Ration; Basic Audio Compressing Techniques: PCM( Pulse Code Modulation), DPCM, DM (Delta Modulation) Audio File Formats: mp3, wav Lossless Compression Techniques: RLC (Run Length Coding), VLC (Variable Length Coding), Huffman Coding, Shannon Fano Algorithm, Dictionary based Coding, Arithmetic Coding. Lossy Compression Techniques: DCT (Discrete Cosine Transforms), Wavelet Transforms. Video Compression Techniques: H. 261, MPEG1, MPEG2 Video Formats: dat, avi, mpeg, 3gp, mp4,wmv

Action Script:
.fla flash application file .as action script file .swfshockwave file Procedure to create Flash application or Action script Class: File General Tab Flash Document Option Click OK for flash application. File General Tab ActionScript File Option Click OK for action script class. Procedure to set Class Path in flash application: Edit Preferences ActionScript ActionScript 2.0 Settings Add new class path in the dialog box Procedure to create Symbol: Insert New Symbol Enter name of Symbol Type of symbol (Movie Clip/ Button/ Graphics) Click OK Procedure to create MovieClip: Using createEmptyMovieClip(mc,1); function in the layer Procedure to add image to library: FileImportImport to Library for loading image into library, WindowLibrary Procedure to add Textbox: 1. Using Text Tool on tool bar 2. Window Componets User InterfaceTextInput

1. 2.

Insert New Symbol Enter name of Symbol Type of symbol as Movie Clip Click OK

for opening library window

3. using this.createTextField(name,depth,x,y,w,h) function Procedure to add User Interface Components (TextField, Button, TextArea, ScrollBar, ComboBox): Window Componets User InterfaceSelect required componet Basic Data types: Number, String, Boolean, Array, Object, Date, arguments, System, Error, Function Built in Classes: MovieClip, Math, Color, Mouse, Button, Key, TextField MovieClip Class Methods: attachMovie(id:String, name:String, depth:Number) : MovieClipTakes a symbol from the library and attaches it to the movie clip. beginFill(rgb:Number, [alpha:Number]) : Void Indicates the beginning of a new drawing path.

beginGradientFill(fillType:String, colors:Array, alphas:Array, ratios:Array, matrix:Object) : Void Indicates the beginning of a new drawing path. clear() : Void Removes all the graphics created during runtime. createEmptyMovieClip(name:String, depth:Number) : MovieClip Creates an empty movie clip as a child of an existing movie clip. createTextField(instanceName:String, depth:Number, x:Number, y:Number, width:Number, height:Number) : TextField Creates a new, empty text field as a child of the movie clip on which you call this method. curveTo(controlX:Number, controlY:Number, anchorX:Number, anchorY:Number) : Void Draws a curve duplicateMovieClip(name:String, depth:Number, [initObject:Object]) : MovieClip Creates an instance of the specified movie clip. endFill() : Void Applies a fill to the lines and curves added since the last call to beginFill() or beginGradientFill(). getURL(url:String, [window:String], [method:String]) : Void Loads a document from the specified URL into the specified window. gotoAndPlay(frame:Object) : Void Starts playing the SWF file at the specified frame. gotoAndStop(frame:Object) : Void Brings the playhead to the specified frame of the movie clip and stops it there. lineStyle(thickness:Number, rgb:Number, alpha:Number, pixelHinting:Boolean, noScale:String, capsStyle:String, jointStyle:String, miterLimit:Number) : Void Specifies a line style that Flash uses for subsequent calls to lineTo() and curveTo(). lineTo(x:Number, y:Number) : Void Draws a line using the current line style from the current drawing position to (x, y). loadMovie(url:String, [method:String]) : Void Loads SWF or JPEG files into a movie clip in Flash Player. moveTo(x:Number, y:Number) : Void Moves the current drawing position to (x, y). nextFrame() : Void Sends the playhead to the next frame and stops it. play() : Void Moves the playhead in the Timeline of the movie clip. prevFrame() : Void Sends the playhead to the previous frame and stops it. removeMovieClip() : Void Removes a movie clip instance. setMask(mc:Object) : Void Makes the movie clip in the parameter mc a mask that reveals the calling movie clip. stop() : Void Stops the movie clip currently playing. unloadMovie() : Void Removes the contents of a movie clip instance. MovieCip Class Events: onEnterFrame = function() {} Invoked repeatedly at the frame rate of the SWF file. onKeyDown = function() {} Invoked when a movie clip has input focus and a key is pressed. onKeyUp = function() {} Invoked when a key is released. onLoad = function() {} Invoked when the movie clip is instantiated and appears in the Timeline. onMouseDown = function() {} Invoked when the mouse button is pressed. onMouseMove = function() {} Invoked when the mouse moves. onMouseUp = function() {} Invoked when the mouse button is released. onPress = function() {} Invoked when the user clicks the mouse while the pointer is over a movie clip. onRelease = function() {} Invoked when the mouse button is released over a movie clip. onRollOut = function() {} Invoked when the pointer moves outside a movie clip area. onRollOver = function() {} Invoked when the pointer moves over a movie clip area. Math Class Methods: abs(x:Number) : NumberComputes and returns an absolute value for the number specified by the parameter x. acos(x:Number) : NumberComputes and returns the arc cosine of the number specified in the parameter x, in radians. asin(x:Number) : NumberComputes and returns the arc sine for the number specified in the parameter x, in radians. atan(tangent:Number) : NumberComputes and returns the value, in radians, of the angle whose tangent. ceil(x:Number) : Number Returns the ceiling of the specified number or expression. cos(x:Number) : Number Computes and returns the cosine of the specified angle in radians. exp(x:Number) : NumberReturns the value of ex. floor(x:Number) : NumberReturns the floor of the number or expression specified in the parameter x. log(x:Number) : NumberReturns the natural logarithm of parameter x. max(x:Number, y:Number) : NumberEvaluates x and y and returns the larger value. min(x:Number, y:Number) : NumberEvaluates x and y and returns the smaller value. pow(x:Number, y:Number) : NumberComputes and returns x to the power of y. random() : NumberReturns a pseudo-random number n, where 0 <= n < 1. round(x:Number) : NumberRounds the value of the parameter x up or down to the nearest integer and returns the value. sin(x:Number) : NumberComputes and returns the sine of the specified angle in radians. sqrt(x:Number) : NumberComputes and returns the square root of the specified number. tan(x:Number) : NumberComputes and returns the tangent of the specified angle. Color Class Methods: getRGB() : NumberReturns the R+G+B combination currently in use by the color object. getTransform() : ObjectReturns the transform value set by the last Color.setTransform () call. setRGB(offset:Number) : VoidSpecifies an RGB color for a Color object. setTransform(transformObject:Object) : VoidSets color transform information for a Color object. Array Class Methods: concat([value:Object]) : ArrayConcatenates the elements with the elements in array and creates a new array. join([delimiter:String]) : StringConverts the elements in an array to strings, inserts the specified separator between the elements, concatenates them, and returns the resulting string. pop() : ObjectRemoves the last element from an array and returns the value of that element. push(value:Object) : NumberAdds one or more elements to the end of an array and returns the new length of the array. reverse() : VoidReverses the array in place. shift() : ObjectRemoves the first element from an array and returns that element. sort([compareFunction:Object], [options:Number]) : ArraySorts the elements in an array. toString() : StringReturns a string value representing the elements in the specified Array object. unshift(value:Object) : NumberAdds one or more elements to the beginning of an array and returns the new length of the array.