CHM148P Food Technology Laboratory 4thQuarter SY 2010-2011

Related Literature: pH, Titratable Acidity and Total soluble Solids Determination
Dagbay, Kevin1, Catolos, Jenna2, Endaya, Andromeda2, Jaurigue, Dianne2, Lomat, Rouselle Jade2
1 Professor, School of Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biotechnology, Mapua Institute of Technology; 2Student, BCM 362L / C20, School of Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biotechnology, Mapua Institute of Technology

In the paper of Cavalcantiet al, mouthwashes were used as a sample in determination of endogenous pH, titratableacidity and total soluble solid determination. Mouthwash was studied since they are adjuvant agents in daily oral hygiene routine, aiding in the chemical control of dental biofilm. Control of dental biofilm is one of the cornerstones of preventive dentistry and can be achieved by mechanical means, use of chemical agents, or a combination of the two. Mouthwashes doesnt need prescription thus, readily available to children and adults. Due to this, arbitrary use of mouthwashes by population has generated concern because of the presence of acid components in their formulations which make the products potentially erosive to hard dental tissue over time. Dental erosion is progressive and irreversible loss of tooth enamel due to chemical processes. Studies show that mouthwashes available in Brazilian and UK markets present low endogenous pH. And a pH equal to or less than 5.5 is considered critical for enamel dissolution. Also, mineral loss begins at higher pH. The purpose of the study made by Cavalcantiet al was to evaluate endogenous pH, titratable acidity, and total soluble solid content of mouthwashes available in the Brazilian market. Ten commercial brands of mouthwashes comprising various active ingredients were selected and the endogenous pH, titratable acid and total soluble solid content were determined in triplicate. The endogenous pH of the samples were measured immediately after it was opened at room temperature using pH meter. 0.1 N potassium hydroxide solution was used to determine the titratable acidity through titration until reaching pH equal to or greater than neutral pH. Total soluble solid content was determined
Experiment 01 Group 2 August 02, 2006

using refractometer that was calibrated with deionized water before samples were subjected. The following mouthwashes were used as samples: Cepacol , Clinerize , Equate , Listerine Cool Citrus , Oral-B , Periogard , Peroxyl , Plax Overnight , Prevident 220 , and Sanfill . Mouthwashes with pH less than the critical value of 5.5 are classified as potentially erosive. Three mouthwashes (Clinerize, Listerine Cool Citrus, and Peroxyl) result to have pH less than the critical value. Thus, prolonged of these three mouthwashes may be potentially harmful to dental tissue (enamel dissolution, mineral loss). Another physicochemical property determined is the titratable acidity which determined the amount of acid present and the volume of potassium hydroxide necessary to buffer the test solution. The titratable acidity is directly related to the buffering capacity of the saliva which means that samples with low titratable acidity are readily neutralized by oral fluids and vice versa. In the study Prevident 220 exhibited high titratable acidity this may due to some ingredients present in its composition that did not react with the base (KOH) used to neutralize it. Total soluble solid contents is the amount of soluble solid such as sugar, salts, proteins, acids, etc. present in an aqueous solution. Four mouthwashes have greater than 20% (20 g of solid dissolved in 100g of mouthwash). Majority of medicinal formulations have some side effects, whether local or systematic. It is important to assess the benefit-to-risk ratio. Products which exhibited low endogenous pH, high titratable acidity and high total soluble solid content are potentially erosive to dental tissue if not properly used.

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CHM148P Food Technology Laboratory 4thQuarter SY 2010-2011

Another paper, where pH, titratable acidity and total soluble solid content of Santol fruits were determined, was written by Chutichudetet al. Santol was grown in tropical country such as Thailand, Philippines and Indonesia. Since Santolhas significant role in the Thai economy due to its annual fruits have been used domestically and some have been exported overseas for decades, the paper analyse the quality, colour, tissue texture, total soluble solid content, titratable acidity and pH of Santol fruits. Harvesting ages was used as parameter in the experiment. Harvesting ages after bloom are as follow: 100 days (T1, control), 115 days (T2), 130 days (T3), 145 days (T4). The experiment was consisted of four treatments (harvesting ages) sand each treatment had 40 Santol fruits (4 replicates and each replicate consists of 10 Santolfruits). Santol fruits were harvested at approximately 4 pm (local time) and each individual fruit was wrapped with soft fibre tissue and were carefully allocated into four cardboard packages (according to harvesting ages) with some soft polythene fillers in it to prevent damage to fruits. For total soluble solid contents, juices squeezed from fruit skin plush flesh tissue and seeds with the used of distilled water at a ratio 1:3 (fruit mass: distilled water) and subjected to digital refractometer. For Titratable acidity, the juices like in the total soluble solid content determination were used. The juices like in the tritratable acidity and total soluble solid content determination were used to measure pH. The total soluble solid contents increased as the age of Santol fruit (pericarp, flesh tissue and seed) increased after full bloom (i.e. T1-T4 of pericarp: 1.03-13.93). The highest total soluble solid contents values of all tested items were attained with T4 (145 days after full bloom) which indicates that the conversion of carbohydrates to sugars was highest when the Santol fruits reached an age of 145 dyas after full bloom of flowers. Thus, at this age, the

SantolFruits may have reached its most appropriate harvesting age where high degree of sweetness was attained. For the titratable acidity, as the age of the Santol fruits increased, the titratable acidity decreases (i.e. T1-T4 of pericarp: 1.05-0.33) which means that the fruits are less acidic and saliva (oral fluids) can neutralized it easily. For the pH, as the maturity of the fruits increased, the pH value also increased (i.e. T1-T4 of pericarp: 2.38-3.88) which indicate that the fruit became lesser acidic (approaching neutral value). Refernce 1. P. Chutichudet, B.C.a.S.K., An Analysis on Quality, colour, Tissue, Texture, Total Soluble Solid Content, Titratable Acidity and pH of Santol Fruits (SandoricumkoetjapeBurm. F.) Merr. Pui Fai Cultivar, Grown in Nothern Thailand.Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 2008.Volume 11(Issue 10): p. 1348-1353. Alessandro LeiteCavalcantia, I.A.R., Rafaela BastosLeiteb, Mariana da Costa Oliveirab, Karynna de, MeloMenezesb, LgiaVirgnioFernandesb, Ricardo Dias de Castroc, Fernando FernandesVieirad, Endogenous pH, Titratable Acidity and Total Soluble Solid Content of Mouthwashes Available in the Brazilian Market.European Journal of Dentistry, 2010.volume 4: p. 156-159.

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Experiment 01 Group 2

August 02, 2006

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