//

//

.
SA
-
.
BS
.

1.Job shop scheduling problem

2. Extremal optimization
3. Self-organized criticality
4. Bak-sneppen

.

)
(].[8


.
.
)[8]S. Boettcher and A. G Percus, Nature's way of optimizing Artificial Intelligence 119, 275-286 (2000
1.Self-organized criticality
4

2. Avalanches

//

-
.

.
.


.

1. Sandpile

-
.
) (
.
) (

] [0,1
.

.
[11].
[11]S. Boettcher, A G. Percus, Extremal Optimization: Methods derived from Co-Evolution, in Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary

1. Bak-sneppen
2. species

//

SOC

.
SOC
"" . " S
.


.
.
7

) (EO -
.

) (
[11,12,13] .

"" .



.
8

[11]S. Boettcher, A G. Percus, Extremal Optimization: Methods derived from Co-Evolution, in Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary
)Computation Conference (1999
)[12]S. Boettcher and A. G Percus, Nature's way of optimizing Artificial Intelligence 119, 275-286 (2000
)[13]S. Boettcher and A. G. Percus, Optimization with Extremal Dynamics,Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 5211-5214 (2001

1. Extremal optimization

//

) (
)
(.


.

)
( .
9

. S .
. S "
.
(a
i .
(b j
.
.
(c
.
(d
(e
.

. 2 .
.

.
6.7
10

3.2

2.9

4.3

2.7

8.9

5.1
6.8

7.6

4.4

3.7

0.19 0.23 0.17 0.14 0.18 0.16 0.34 0.41 0.23 0.34

S
Fitness

//

1.Generalized extremal optimization

2. Population-based Extremal Optimization
11

3. Multiobjective Population-based Extremal Optimization

EO
.
EO :
) (2b
) (2c..
EO .

.
.

12

//

.
Pk
:
k Pk :

13

:
o EO .
o EO .

. .
o .
.
o . EO .
o

.

14

//

EO .
.

EO
.

15

)(TSP

EO SA TSP instance-gr48 .TSPLIB ][16

16

[16]Y.-Z. Lu, M.-R. Chen and Y.-W. Chen, Studies on extremal optimization and its applications in solving real world optimization problems,
Proceedings of 2007 IEEE Series Symposium on Foundations of Computational Intelligence (FOCI 2007), pp.162-168,2007.

//

17

m n
.
. j i
.
) (i,j

.


[10].
18

[10]Baker, K.R., Introduction to Sequencing and Scheduling,John Wiley, New York, 1974.

//

:
o .
o .
o .
o .
o .
makespan

.
) ( makespan .
19

i (Pi ) (di )
) (wi :
o ) :(Pij i
j )
j (
o ) : (di
.
o ) : (wi
.
.

1.Process
20

2. Due date
3. Weight

//

: i i

. i Ti ci

21

NP-hard [ 1]
.
.

[2] o
[3] o
[4] o
[5] o
[6] o
[7] o
[8] o
. ...

1)Garey, M.R., Johnson, D.S., Sethi, R., The Complexity of Flowshop and Jobshop Scheduling. Mathematics of Operations Research 1, 1976, pp. 117-129.
2)Adams, J., Balas, E., Zawack, D., The Shifting Bottleneck Procedure for Job shop Scheduling. Management Science 34, 1988, pp. 391.401.
3)Pezzella, F., Merelli, E., A Tabu Search Method Guided by Shifting Bottleneck for the Job Shop Scheduling Problem. European Journal of Operational Research,Vol., 120, No. 2, 2000, pp.
297.310.
4)Nakano R, Yamada T, Conventional genetic algorithms for job-shop problems, Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo,
1991, pp. 477 479.
5)Park, B.J., Choi, H.R., Kim, H.S., A Hybrid Genetic Algorithm for the Job Shop Scheduling Problems.Computers & Industrial Engineering 45, 2003, pp. 597.613.
6)Steinhfel, K., Albrecht, A., Wong, C.K., Two Simulated Annealing-Based Heuristics for the Job Shop Scheduling Problem. European Journal of Operational Research 118, 1999, pp. 524-548.
22
7)Rossi, A., Dini, G., Flexible Job-Shop Scheduling with Routing Flexibility and Separable Setup Times Using ant Colony Optimisation method Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 23,
2007, pp. 503.516.
8)Xia, W.J., Wu, Z.M., A Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization Approach for the Job-Shop Scheduling Problem. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 29, 2006, pp. 360.366.

//

[ 12,13,14]
NP-hard
.

EO .

.


.

.[13]

23

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)

Garey, M.R., Johnson, D.S., Sethi, R., The Complexity of Flowshop and Jobshop Scheduling. Mathematics of Operations Research 1, 1976, pp.
117-129.
Adams, J., Balas, E., Zawack, D., The Shifting Bottleneck Procedure for Job shop Scheduling. Management Science 34, 1988, pp. 391.401.
Pezzella, F., Merelli, E., A Tabu Search Method Guided by Shifting Bottleneck for the Job Shop Scheduling Problem. European Journal of
Operational Research,Vol., 120, No. 2, 2000, pp. 297.310.
Nakano R, Yamada T, Conventional genetic algorithms for job-shop problems, Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on
Genetic Algorithms, Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, 1991, pp. 477 479.
Park, B.J., Choi, H.R., Kim, H.S., A Hybrid Genetic Algorithm for the Job Shop Scheduling Problems.Computers & Industrial Engineering 45,
2003, pp. 597.613.
Steinhfel, K., Albrecht, A., Wong, C.K., Two Simulated Annealing-Based Heuristics for the Job Shop Scheduling Problem. European Journal
of Operational Research 118, 1999, pp. 524-548.
Rossi, A., Dini, G., Flexible Job-Shop Scheduling with Routing Flexibility and Separable Setup Times Using ant Colony Optimisation method
Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 23, 2007, pp. 503.516.
Xia, W.J., Wu, Z.M., A Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization Approach for the Job-Shop Scheduling Problem. International Journal of Advanced
Manufacturing Technology 29, 2006, pp. 360.366.
Pinedo, M.L., Planning and Scheduling in Manufacturing and Services. Springer Series in Operations Research, Springer, New York, NY,
USA,2005.
Baker, K.R., Introduction to Sequencing and Scheduling,John Wiley, New York, 1974.
S. Boettcher, A G. Percus, Extremal Optimization: Methods derived from Co-Evolution, in Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary
Computation Conference (1999)
S. Boettcher and A. G Percus, Nature's way of optimizing Artificial Intelligence 119, 275-286 (2000)
S. Boettcher and A. G. Percus, Optimization with Extremal Dynamics,Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 5211-5214 (2001)
S. Boettcher and A. G. Percus, Extremal optimization: an evolutionary local-search algorithm, in Proceedings of the 8th INFORMS
Computing Society Conference, 2003.
Fabiano Luis de Sousa and Valeri Vlassov and Fernando Manuel Ramos, "Centralized Extremal Optimization for Solving Complex Optimal
Design Problems" Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 2723,2003, pp.375-276.
Y.-Z. Lu, M.-R. Chen and Y.-W. Chen, Studies on extremal optimization and its applications in solving real world optimization problems,24
Proceedings of 2007 IEEE Series Symposium on Foundations of Computational Intelligence (FOCI 2007), pp.162-168,2007.

//

25