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13

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10

39

=13 37
481
390

41
43

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40-42
1
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112
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54
1
54
48
1
48
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1
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42
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51.4
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39

x
12+
6+
2 159 - 150
10+
5+
2 149 - 140
16+
4+
4 139 - 130
3+
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2+
5 119 - 110
5+
1+
5 109 - 100
0
0
12
99 - 90
10110
89 - 80
24212
79 - 70
30310
69 - 60
441
59 - 50

= 56+
64
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48

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4

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64

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i
2
R = (n + 1) = (10 + 1) = 5.5
4
4

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:

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Q2 = x(l ) + ( R l ) ( x(u ) x(l ) ) = 2 7+ 0.5(2 9 2 7) = 2 8

: Q3
:
i
3
R = (n + 1) = (10 + 1) = 8.25
4
4

:
) (14-3 :
l = 8, R = 8.25 , x(l ) = 30 .x( u ) = 32
:

) < 32

(30 < Q3

Q3 = x(l ) + ( R l ) ( x(u ) x(l ) ) = 3 0+ 0.2 5(3 2 3 0) = 3 0.5


:

25% 22.25
65

.
50% 28 .
75% 30.5
.

66

67

68



MEASURES OF DISPERSION


) ( .
) (8 .
1
8
8
8
8
8
2
4
3
6
16
11
69



.

.

MEASURES OF DISPERSION
)(Absolute Mean Deviation
)Standard Deviation and
( Variance
)(Range and Midrange
)Interquartile
(Range
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(Coefficient of Variation .C.V

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70


Absolute Deviation

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240
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265 .
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= 15
= 30
= 100

76

= 250

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68.27%


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77

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100 :


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5
60-62
18
63-65
42
66-68
27
69-71
8
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100

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.
78

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79

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80


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2,3,3,5,8,10,12 2-12 = 10
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(Interquartile Range

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)
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(Coefficient of Variation .C.V

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1 1000 1
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83



Inferential Statistics



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Statistics
Parameters

Point Estimate

86


.Interval Estimate

-2

Tests of Hypotheses


.

-3

.






: : Data





.Raw Data
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. 464 112 10
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Qualitative Data
Quantitative Data
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88


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Statistical Tables

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Mean Standard Deviation
Correlation Coefficient



92



.
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850
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104

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: 10
. 15 13 12 11 8 7 5 4 3 2

80
2+3+4+5+7+8+11+12+13+15
= 8
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10

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8
= = 4
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11 5 4

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116

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Z = 1.96 0.05 %95
Z = 2.58 0.01 %95
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= 0.05 %95
= 0.01 %95
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= 0.5
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121

:
.
:
.




.

:
-1





:
)( =

Z2

2 ) 1 (

:
: Z
:
Z = 1.96 0.05 %95
Z = 2.58 0.01 %95
:
:
= 0.05 %95
= 0.01 %95
:
= 0.5
.
:
122


%95
:
Z2

)( = 2 ) 1 (

2
)(1.96
( 0.5 1 ) 0.5
)( =
2
)(0.05
)( = 384.16 = 0.25 1536.64 .
:
= 385 .
-2


:
)(
:
Z2

) 2 = (1 ) 1 (

:
: Z
:
Z = 1.96 0.05 %95
Z = 2.58 0.01 %95
:
:
= 0.05 %95
= 0.01 %95
:
= 0.5
.
)(
:
123

1 1
+ 1

:
: 1
)( .
: .
:
15000

%95
:
)( :
Z2

) 2 = (1 ) 1 (

2
)(1.96
( 0.5 1 ) 0.5
) = (1
2
)(0.05
) 384.16 = 0.25 1536.64 = (1 .
:
) 385 = (1 .
)( :
1

=
1 1
+ 1

385

=
1 385
+ 1
15000
= 375.24
:
= 376 .

124







.
:
=

)1(

:
: Z
:
Z = 1.96 0.05 %95
Z = 2.58 0.01 %95
:
= 0.5
.
: .
:
600

%95 .
:
=
=

125

)1(

1.96

( 0.5 1 ) 0.5

600

= 0.04 = 0.0204 1.96


= %4 = 100 0.04

126

127

128

129

130

131

132

133

134

135

136

137

138

139

140


:
:

141

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