You are on page 1of 85

@aa@b

 
 




@@aa@b


@aa@b


2011
.
.

)(AOC

+447733399748 :
+4319259334 :
info@taghier.org :
www.aoc.fm :

@aa@b

 
1............................................................................................................... 
 
5......................................................................................................................... 
5.................................................................................................... !
 ! 
7..................................................................................................'
  %& $"#
8.......................................................................................................  ( )
8.....................................................................................  , 
  *+
10...................................................................................................... 
  -./
13.......................................................................... <  ;& 5:
9 7 8 56 $234 01
14.................................................................................................. <7 89  ;& 5:

15............................................................................................. AB
 "@& ?. $= 3>
17........................................................................................... E ;& "@& ?. $=CD
18...................................................................................  ;& 5:
 G 2. F 
19.........................................................................................................  .H
21...................................................................................... 
 J 56 $ECI 01
28......................................................................... MN;3 
 L
> 56 $KI 01
29................................................................................... 7"N/3O3 
 L
> 56 $= 3>
41................................................................................................ 
 N; 56 $=CD
45.................................................................... N  & 56 $PG
 01
46..................................................................................................... RS  Q1 Q5 Q2
47.......................................................................................... VO
1 TU  Q2 Q5 Q2
47......................................................................................... E 2W  Q3 Q5 Q2
53.............................................................. JOW& 3  $XU 01
55............................................................................................... 5.+5 NZ YC
3

@aa@b

56.........................................................................................................  .H


57............................................................................................ 0 
& 56 $R 01
67.................................................................................................................. [\\\\\U
69........................................................................................ 
  7   $]^ 
84............................................................................................................ ;_4 P_
&
84................................................................................................... `&3 G
N P_
&
85..................................................................................................cd bO > ?a

@aa@b

    

0N1 , k.Z.G e  lm
8 A   ij 3  .N  e  Nfg "h
"H. [ 3 5
83 2N BOf lJn 7N *> , "n " a , . ;3 lcd , ;o
3 E
_3 Vq B3O A I G l"G.Nh cfZ 0I# P-
r3 s8 sG t13 Q 5
@; "
3 CCp
; . A "Nfu O.NH , i;; v 5.+5G () *> e  j lVcd "f w3 lM _> A
QE&N ECCp .)
0N  = f l .N@  f  CCp JxU 75 a , f N cd bO > "a ES3
 A z% , J1 l f  X> e  cd /I =
@C3 lE
+1  =y5yN3 lVcd
Q*3 CCp 
> B>G v
5.)3 k1+ {
 0?3 2f+ l.N
 e  CCp
 ""  
 J.? |G 1 =Z
N 
   , !
 !  ES53
l(Z3 0+@G 1 L
4 5:3 lM 73 M/B> 56 A E 01 A+f Q
 
QM/B> ]6 A M+# v 5
)G "N EN A M+b
$e  + V.}3
QE 0N1 , E ~) 2. 
5

@aa@b


  7 1

Q[U
Q2+h43 23 ]^ 
|. lMG ?  . |G3 lE "@& 7 1+ =S =. + qB [53
3> Q )  N@ 7  a 5.+5 A C
& 3> l 5.+5 A 
 , z% *
QE PH.  =w ) v -y f8 , e










6

@aa@b








  
W

@aa@b

   
;~ ) ( ! ! lJOp u , z% NG 235 *> 0;H ^ & 5
+N 
G
5\ \ e\ 3 l 5
+\N f8 , E ~) *.5 *.5
+N Y;W3 *3
H qf/
 \
5.\)3 0\?3 0\ ^G \B 23 y/j3 3 . *. 2I> A A5
+1& ; [H 3
8
QGN
3 5  5
+N
8 y  7B> A i^Z> "C> e l 5
+N
\
\ *\/ l]\;)3 ~\)3 \f+  a 2N1 V
+N 
 } f 3
Q7  E ~) a 6 N1

     


 K\ 9 J
Z8 8 A E 01 05 Vq 0N1  7 ,  3O  5
e   zqG EB3 l2< NH3  LB4 (; K 9  ;& 8 a <M >  LB4 ij
' 0W/> .B 3 '0N1  f & 3 '  qB  a A+b  QQ!3' ! QQ2
     

   + J. 7
 v  JO4 ."/ l  H , 
  ~) ES53
$  Y 56 2 A
 &Q"/B>3 3
1 .
2 .
3 .
8

@aa@b

Q
 L
>
QL
 0 
Q
 J
Q
 0 

Q
^ 
QL
 0 j+ YC

@aa@b

     
$
  -./ A3
 ~) . e
 l HG LB4 563 l2.S& PZ.3 E8 PZ. sG J.1 N;) ]HO ?. K A $ 5:
 k.Z3
Q"+ / , k1+ 35 v  + J. 5:3 Q
 "G
f v x+ 0 
& 563
Q fF c+1 " x ^Z3 J.? A5.+ , 0N  K $c+1 7F

 U . PZ33 QN@ A =NG ;  3& LBSG  N& 4 A $ NH33 f NG G_p

Q
Q"Z
>3 0 @& 3q_ sG yf3 f 3 .Z. O cd 3 e  .Z.& $5W O
Qcd 3 NG
> J
 $ 5.+5 JO. *3O . ^  . PZ3

 q1 . e
@ 5\WH , \" 2q\;G 2d\@C \3 l
 J 0 3 lE4 L  H)3 O.& 0
Q 5.CD

4
.
5 .
6 .
10

@aa@b

E ;\& PZ.  AB


 PZ. A 2C , k f a P1
 K lLB4 ]6 T
/ 7N
Q&3 5:
 k.Z3 C
M\ 
3 \3 
    O._./ l  J.)U NG % V> !'NG %3! V6 , .H. 
QE 
/ , m
^3 )@C4 eZ./ A E5
\ \O A\ {\)C 7\5 K lMa X1 0# 3 X 43 .N G.G A {)C 
QMN 0N 3O> 0W/>3 E "@f 
Q"/O 7U
55 2N/> O3O A   a [3& 0N1 2.6 [3 lJ>O;&3 ];
;\ \ \ x\ lP\f \ [> [> 3> lj4 |D> 3f  P5
 "C 
QPf P 0N 
Qx > VcB` 7O3 lx >  1G m
^ a VO5  & k.Z3 , I |)@  
"/  v /&3 [.U3 |1 8  56 2 A $
 A Pfg , L
 0 PH. 56
Q
 ,
 A =NG 3> =G
H Pfg .H
l\ A\ M\O 7\"/3 \"G M\|
H A+b ."1 d3 $= =NG Pfg , 75 Y@C 0  a
Y@C q"/ Q fB>3 eN ";+  5: AfZ "NZ3 .B 
  3O3 l .5 )@CSG N Nfg/
QQQq\+B3 l
\ , J\5_ \
 a 2\C A 0
N 5
3 lz% A
I > M f6 3 5y O M
\5:
 \o 0\ , e\N \+5  E\-y Y@ %a l 3& MG [. m
6 0+ eN  a 75 zqG3
Q  +

11

@aa@b

s; %a 2I& 0; e N/ Q0N/ O 3> 0N/ 0 P =f-O y-1 N , Pfg PW $JOW 
5.)
A+b 
 U E. [ */ l"/.1? ]h3 3& i1 a eN5 V.+5 7U *>
Q 5y
 3 C ^ P@3 21C {
 s x 0N1 qB "_a A 3&

8 , j.1 e  O." y 3 lR4 7U O^5 K $ ;C mN& 3
N& 2u y

,  U/ Q
> .H P ;C_ mN , 2. *3O l 4 mN& , . P` @ 3 lZ
QmN& 5.3> 56
lMS@C3 MG;> s;3 l
 3q_ k
@  D3 GI 
 / $
5.)3   JO> c/.
v ;4 ^? A  S3 l"N_
 A 3& L.1? A+b  lMN 0N  iG
_
v U (Z.3
  JO> D. qB *.+ EG3 lMN 0N , q v "& 3 l
 . a O>
Q .S& LB4G = N/ ]6  C A+b f Q
5.)3

Q01G 
  7 1  2.1 , 233

12

@aa@b

 
 E  !" #
FW  

13

@aa@b

!  )  (


*.+ "^G3 l
 @C " _> A v E"/ l
 5"G "6 a eN v LB4 EB
>Qy> H M/B
lO13 7 F
 sN/ l fN O , " 2qG *3O Mf+6 -; 5: A ~)& ] )5  JO3
N LB4 J.)U qB , ~)& 05 zq l 7QO13 7 F ja EB ; e" 5:
/ EG3
QM563 PH.  34 MF  e  |G 
 5"G ]^ *> O.5 v

$  ;& :
 I> A3
^
 Q ;_4 f A
Q f_ N
Q<Ef  0+@G y t/3 M/ )  23 75 =C9 E 
 A5#
3> c5N PZ3 "G  3 l0+@ , >G  ;& 5:
 *.+ LB4 qB 0I 5^G3
;  .B B k N *> 2. A+b E 
 A5# A K58 N/ lLB4 qB ]6

7
.
.
8 .

.
.
14

@aa@b

1 .B N& *.+5 H f_ N A K58 ,3 Q )   Ef  23   


b Of
Q QQ ;G 0 2N 13 lQQQ ;G ); 2N

8   QL ]6 , k  e  cd  s N sG {1 mB *.+5 c5N& q"G3
Q2."g 0; , k1+3 N@ eZ./ , 2.
$E ;&3 AB
 "@& ?. NG -" "d? , 5:
 G A+b3

AB
 "@& ?. $= 3>
$K A AB
 "@& ?. 75
<Ma OH v ;43  1&  49 '= AB
 "@& 0+@ 

'AB
 "1H. .B 3 'PZ. qB |G , ifB v L
4 A
'z% e  
h& 3 < [> 7H1 9 Bcd O
& J
BF c  V> a
'AB
 PZ. jyN v -
 ;4 
"H K A <QQQ 4 /I f_  5OH9 1 & PH3 .B 
'O.@& 0;&G

Robert L.Helvey, On Strategic Nonviolent Cnflicts: Thinking About The Fundamentals, The Albert Einstein
Institution, 2002, p43.

15

@aa@b





) %25 :(

) -
(
)
(


:
:


 S3 J/ 0 "N_


 EG3 l
8 M ] ) Vq ] )& : qB G_a 0+@3
QPH.  ]H ?. A

10

10 :
:
.
. ....
: .
: . .
16

@aa@b

E ;& "@& ?. $=CD


.H Ma eN Vq E ;& 0+@ 56 75   0+ AB
 "@& ?.3 PH. P/ NG
 G. )&  ;& J.  $  0 , E 2 e  G_p 75 E ;& "@& o3 QPfg
'56

11

 /
N lO1 5
C  2.C *S l5
C   /
N |1  A+b / l ^Z3 *.+ *> 3

d? , i; 5:
 ~) N5 %a l Ga dG + *> 0W15 zq l(Z3 0+@G M *> O.C
, ;3 /1@ ];) *> 5:9 Ga d? , + *> A} A+3 l< ; A O1 23y5 *> 5:9
 & ,3 l3 a ); 2N t1 .B E ;& 0+@ *.+5 H VOH  & E1/ Q<& 0
Qq+B3 QQQc;N 5
3 5ON e  [.5 E
bO [FC Oa *.+5 H E
Q HO
I > 0+@G  ;& 5:
 0+h o? 75 zqG
QQQQQQQQ VOH .& e  5
C
QQQQQQQQE .& e  5
C
QQQQQQQQQQ.& e  5
C
0  L
N  NG "C> a QQ7- PZ. cd  ,
8 5
 % ~)f  (W5 zqG3
Q
 J 56 J.) ES zq l5
  a
: ) (x
.
.
.
11 .
17

@aa@b

    !$%


"-.Z , A+b l  0 2.  . N ~/ E1+ l  1 . N
& qB , =G. ) X
<'E ;& PZ.  'AB
 PZ. 9 Q0;& .

12

[fB l!A3 0W/> ]6! 0;H A -@Cp ;N A =NG JO LB> a 5:
 05.6
QA. J.? 7
G
A    A A5
 [> "Z
N 2 A   "W5
N 5:
 o? NG V3
W A
  5:
 t5
N3 lcd 3
@ "  |G  v R4 EB 5:
/ Qcd .Z. sf"&
Q=  FB; "1 + Pfg P/5 H  mN . A E5 
dI 3

. 12
18

@aa@b

 ('
Q2q;3 x y 7"d ;53 l]5
) |I3 7"  *."53 ls3& ]/
5 Vq 7 8  ;& 5:
 0I#
*> *C .5 Vq 04 E"/ lc& . ?3 *a M^G 7B33 lMa cBf q_ 75 Vq 7 8 EB3
QR.1  )N v Jq& J
+1 EB3 lE^W5
*SG 2. l0N1 O .F A 5:
 G [3 lcd NG Pff  5 0+@ , c+1
lPfgG "H3 J5 .+8 0+h . 0h cd ~)  E1/ lPf L5a EB 5:

A+# f 3

Q lPfgG A4 .H H3 lVOH3 E 


 % , ."f @ 3

13

Qk
? A =f" =
 .+  H zqG *.C.+5 k.Z.G 0;& 5: A *.))&
=5_ =FC |E@ "+ l[F
"H3 )  yC , ( H 0;& 5: A A+f  v 
8
A =NG 0;& .3 5:
 o? , " 2qG zq Q"5 Wd J. X+N5 =B.@
Q=+ " *.+5  JO E1 1 .& e  S\)U/ lN@
zf MG {@ *a3 Qm. M+ b  k.f E"/ l"/ z/5 *> zf P)5  v EB ^_ 5:

z/ zf P)5 A 5: E"/ QV.+5O  G ,  5ON z5: *.+ *S Q
, PZ.
Qz "a ];4 MC> |O3 "/

13

Robert L.Helvey, On Strategic Nonviolent Conflicts: Thinking About The Fundamentals, The Albert Einstein
Institution, 2002, p49.

19

@aa@b

^v 7- tNG A = E  a


)W qB3 lz5: 0N1G ]} MC> |O zf 23
=3O N  5:
/ l 5:
 ]6 , 0N1G
- MC> e  0 5
.B (15 3> l<Pf 9 "  y+
5
;Q0N1 O PH. , MNZ33 l7U e  cDS , =c

3> E3 L 9 7U "  fN5 v |. l7
? _ e  JO EB ^_ 5:
_Q<cBf 0I9 
 , NG 0 v 3> l<[F  sf 2f4 2
 e  JOH (; Pfg LBSG D3 H e  *.+3 cBf A )H x > ) 5:
 X
@ > o/ l 5
+1 o3 5:
 p o sG yf V3
W A zq Q=.C3 =f H x
."f N; n   p o fG l!E 
 A5#! *.+ H 5
+1
&Q

14

 3
 J.I , 2fN lcd ^ v EB > }
h l G
R> e  cd fN5  JO
*.+ H v3 l=56 }
@ qB < p "o? ,9 5:
  *> 3 l  J.I , s 13
QcBfG ]^  v Pf JO> 7D lcBf [.f

14

.
20

@aa@b

) (
W%&'  

21

@aa@b

A 2 G_a 73 '0;& qB ]6 *3O 2.} Vq  QQ2 ES5  ;& 5:
 56 NG
l  A
I > =C > "/ z;@5 H3 l<QQ VOH E9   0 , + N 56 2
.B  -
 JN *.+3 lVOH P E  & z;@/ Q 3
8G VOH .B Y;
 e   a 1 7FN M_. K l<E  & V>9 3
8 3 . EB VOH
i *a v l  0 J /
N 75 zq QOH .B/ lU3 y3 
4 )
Q & P 0N 0"5
 )*+,
$s A5&  >  A+b z% NG
lLB> 0+h , N qB o? 7D l  0 , <N .fu 3>9 JN 56 $234 &
E@1 EB VOH  & J *.+ / QVj. e    A
I > P 0N 75 zqG3
$s/B  3& O6 EG3 QV.+5 7+8 O._3 EB E  & J3 lO1
QcBf  U 0W/> c/.3 O1 G 
QV.+5 [F Ya 
z1 M z/ %a MC> ;G lx > 5.3> e)N5 *> Vq 7B4  & 56 $ECI &
J 0 *.+5 *S l
 J M/ y  Vq -  & MCa V> l=-   1 & 

22

@aa@b

 "/B> 3& . *> A+b EG3 Qj4 G 08 0& .B E  &
$E
QVON E [FC |G $[N L
$ -
_p LB4
QV.+5 [FG p 
QN@  )  7  
Q5.+5 JO. *3O . 8 
 )*./ 0
$v EB c5N& qB
Q=-
_a " O.& (Z. = 1 LB4 k
@
QR  GH LB4 0N
Q0@1 3> k  56  A A+b

23

@aa@b

$2I
:


QX-
G p

V.+5 [FG p

Q .+8 cd
Q[F G cd
QE
bO [FC Ha

N@  )  7 

QEC& Pfg 5.


QV.+5 7+^  WB 5q_ 5.O 5N |
_a

5.+5 JO. *3O . 8

Qj3 5> 3 e  OH V.H EC Pfu |G


Q"H A+b dG jp c5N + *> e
53
0 v -" LB4 EB3 lO H 3f  x+ LB4 *.+ J.)U qB |"C NG
5:
 , i; v N LB4 i39  fN ")) "  ; v EB3 Q" 1 5"G "a
Q<  ;&
N  56 = 3> zq lJ
h; LB4 qB ]6 5q1 ) |G N5 *r a
QLB4 ja  A 7 v 0 
& 56 7D lLB4 qB a 0?. 

24

@aa@b

 ('
3> 5OH 3> C.C 3> 5
+N Pf  EB 
 J *.+ H 5.+5 7F  ,
(;5 7D A3 lcBf ; 3 L.U l
>  ]  a Pf  y J1 2. VO5 H3 l f_
_ )@C> , cBf 0N1 3 x l=N sN z/ e  0fN .B 234 5cd 
8 _3
tNG , 
 J *.+ H3 Q"N/ Pf  1 J5_ 1 co ^ > Ca 3 x3 l )G
z  0 e  0fN zqG3 lxU3 k3 2&G 5.+5 
h;& E_U 7 EB * 4
Q=W5> JN
7+^3 Q
r e  " 0 cDS 3 B56 .} *> 
 JOH e 3 lzG@3 N ON H q+B3
QE-
 3& 3
@ B3G O6 v3 l 3f  JON&  U 7 , 
 J 5:
.?> e  18 , JN iC */ l ;C_ LB> a 3& m [ , 15 
 J 56
V> 2. ZN& .H X/ *>  l .? 5 , 5 *> " */ l H
 A s;
Q 
N *. *.+5 H 0W/4 (h
&  *> %a Qj.1 s;
Q"   RH A Pfg .H A+f Kn lk c5N 3> lC c5N M O6 *> LB 0
Q"  ]1 c5N Mf+6 =NH3 0G |O
 *.+5 3 Qcd JOH ; A A+f3

25

@aa@b

    1 


$ 3& M+  Vq 3
@&  75 z% NG
[.U P "_. . )5  PZ. *> 
 J 0 ^G *. @+5 /
[. *> 0;H 3& 2 "B.h l .; [ 0+@G LU 3> 
 _O *>3 ls
A+ l=5W =3
@ 3 0f6 *S l"1C |  A A^ Z34 *>3 l .Z.& G
.
4 )5  " l1 &
I > , MN ]13 l 5.CI 1 & tNG , MN   ZN&
3 a _8 *3O
4 1 & , "ZN3 l .;& 1 & , .+8 7O B E1+53 l "_.
cd 0_> A
G 3> 0+@G ";  A+b h  e  f-H [.U P/3O *> 3> Q"G p
Q7"-3
lM1C [F 0O " Af+5 
 J A+ l"_ .; co 8 *> *.1@+5 H 3>
.B 3& M+  Vq 3
@& *.+5 7D A3 lZ34 A^   
5.) tNG i5
_> %/
|.  75 K l 
b 23 A cI+ , }  qB3 l2.S& cd  p MC& [F 7O
y8 *> , JN Af+ H 3> l )  23 "  ]1& 0-. x M1C [F 0O A cd a
Q"5: ]} Vq  7O .B 3&  *.+5 *> A+b " lM O A * MG%5 7 8
PZ. *>3 lM% [F 0O A cd  a 3 3_ [NG | 
 J *> *.1@+5 H3
l -
 JN L"5 Vcd 3
@ o? A G " l=5q_ =cd )53 2.; co -
l5
83 2N Ha 0I lx+ 5c& 5WG ] N3 JO 
 *.+  } qB3
26

@aa@b

A [FG V.+5 [F 2; Pfg , Vq_ cd  a 0_> A =


? 3&
5 B3
ls.&  Pfg f3 5
83 2N CCp 7 O.3 lM8 Ef} lMN;3 Pfg C
Q[F U & 0 05.6 A = G
l 1 & M1-.)G Pfg  
 JOp l 1 &  & 56 3& P) 7D A3
QJON& M/D3 l .& M;
3

27

@aa@b






 ,!-
.
+W* '  

28

@aa@b

, id? v LB43 


 J e  |G MZ. 1 3 MN;3 
 L
> 56 75
Q"-.Z
 50 )  3:2 3
R\> e\ N/ l 3&3 m
^  56 53
Z A l
 L
> P/3O3 l[.U 56 N5
Q f M3 
 N; O^ l[.U N;)  mOp
2.G ~/ B E1+C3 l!KI U QQ
!  , 0 ^G
N qB 3 H3
3> l  - h 3> l GC 3> l Z"_a 3> l _..55> 3> l 5cd 5.D *.+ H 
 L
> P/3O *SG
15

Q 5j"C

053 8 M G A5 E_. 55> y P 


/ l*+ fB4 A L
4 P/3O 56 N53
l 
@ X1G 05  7D A3 l @ ^ & MN/ y Z 
 A eH> *.+5 lMuC
G 0_> A
*.+ JOW& .I  ,3 l[F . =/3 5 [F 0 , *+ A K^; MC/ 0N/ *a e 3
Q _..554 7F P e>
MCbp 3> l=fF
I 4 MC4 E_. 55> y8 h 7W5 / l& .  . y8 , zq
lM/ 1 & P/3 ^?> J
7U
+N i1 A+b B lM/ PH. A K^;5 Vj"C MC4 3> l+/SG
.. / . : 15
.73-71 1 2006
29

@aa@b

, A+ lVj"C3 V.I P/ Pf *S lP/O A


I > @ Pf H3 l7"N/3O e  |G 7"13
Q7O V.CD
r3 lm
 E4 .B P/3  >  d
[.U |1 8 
Q" L
 0 |ja G. )& 0N1 N; 56 7D A3 l
 L
> 5:


JO4 qB [

16

$E JO4 qB [3


QAb4 C e  MNZ3 z
h;& 7U O
Q
54 C e  <z.fu9 z1C 0
_G z f .fg 0Ib
54  lzfU 3> z "fO n L
4 O
QA55 0Ib &3 Q 31 _G 7  f .fg 0Ib Ab4 3 l 31
A+ lzN .C.+ [.  sf 2C =f-O . )& X / l . )& O U 7 NG
Q7 A 5y&  J 3 J.) zC.f5 A 0 *>3 QzB J 3 J.) 7"  *> zC+G
 / JO5j 7 v L
49 . )& U 0+h 5^ 7
 qB a JO.N A+b z% NG
Qzq ~) 75 Kn <"3 3> lB6 3> l"f 3> l"fO

16
: .
Martin Oppenheimer and George Lakey, A Manual for Direct Action, Quadrangle Books, 1965.

30

@aa@b

31

@aa@b

L"G l 3 "_3 h A L


4 7BSG CG .H 0f V3
W A3
7 _8  " JO1 A+b Kn lMG ] N5  0+  1h> 0f3 lL
 0+  ?.
$  L
4 
 0f@53 QMN 0N 1
Qf"G 
 35 A5q  $A5
h;& s/
)
$< .fu O
/>9 0N1G sf L
4
3&
8 3> .ff 

32

@aa@b

<7U9
r L
) 
$f"fO  
83 7U eN5 v L
4
cBf [.f
QJ5 .fu3 O
/>
QE3 Pfg
$E V.} |B A  0+G T   0f 753
QB3 .fu3 O
/> A  sf3 l 3&
8 3> .fgG E 1 5
N
QB3 .fu3 O
/> A  sf3 M.fu3 7UG E 1 5
N
QJ5 L
4G E 1 5
N
 23G C; JH |G , CN A+b3
@ 23_
lL
4  4 O 3> JO> *.+ *> A+b v3 l
 .Z. ?  v @ CG M/ 0
Q QQ N j.
3 lsC13 ls3 lsp 0f@3
$  [H4 e  V.} 23_ , h 0 CG 0 753
.&3 lMb Vq 0fN N;3 l@G 2 0-33 l*.N3 l7 $ N C; 7H
QM/ N5 Vq VOH

33

@aa@b

A [ p _O3 lZ R. *a N  M N/ O3 l[N V>


 , cDS f $ 
8 1 7H
tNG , 1 2. M Vq @ [  sG s1 e  L
N 1539 N 
M_. v 5^  V , ;o
3 J 3 l<7U 0;H A Pf [ "N PH.5 v H.&
My 3 lL.U3 lRf8 K A 1 )@C4 P M 1 N; 563 lO13 J.h
 Pfg
Q"G  +5 v ["& q1G
Q 1  )@C> q1C " 0I l@ "+ b v "& 7B> M/ +3 $z+3 "& 7H
Q G xU 03
M1H.3 l
 ,
 A 0 P M/B> {1 3 l"a Ef5 v " M/ +53 $E 7
L
) P
f& M. l  M1H.3 M 7B> 03 lf" 0+ MfO _O3 
 ,
 A
Q ZNf  
+& MCq 3> lF

34

@aa@b



)
. (

35

@aa@b


)
-(..

36

@aa@b

fF& 23_
lL
4  4 O 3> JO> *.+ *> A+b v3 l
 .Z. ?  v fF& CG M/ 0
Q QQ l^3 l0fN .fu3 lNf3 l
83 l&3 l 0f@3
$  [H4 e  V.} 23_ , fF 0 CG 0 753
 lJO 73 l".C3 l fF& 7 0f@ $ N C; 7H
0 LB> P "/B> {1 3 l|.G  A5 3> l"a Ef v " M/ +53 $E 7
l  "1H.3 " 7B> 03 lf" 0+ "fO _O3 
 ,
 A "1H.3 l
 ,
 A
0N , " JO v 3 Q ZNf  
+& "fO 3> lF L
) P
f& ".
QL
4   P
$E 23 , [H4 G e   A+b3

37

@aa@b



) //(.../



)/




) //
(../

38

@aa@b


39

@aa@b



)
-(..

40

@aa@b


:2.60   
'LB4 ]6 0_> A  Vq 
 N; 56 75 lM/
>3 
 LB> a
FG
{./ = )5 V
1? 
? MC> [> l 5. 0; x MOa A+b E/ J8 t1 .B 0B
'V. {./ &  ( 5
>3 lV. &  ( 5 LB> mB 0B3 'V.O

17

A  v 
Z4 3 lPfg , 2W ?.G ~;W E> Y
h 
 N; 56 *a
QMN; 56 , S)U

18

17
. "
.. " . .
: )( :

.
: )( :
.
: :
. " 17
.
18 ... . .
2006 1 .65 63
41

@aa@b

('  
 zf L
N3 z1C L
N QQQQQ4 L
 lzf L
 lz1C L
! $. * 2.5
QQQ0G& , byB zG ]^  M6
C 0 N;/ zf 0"3 z1C L
N  QQ
N - C
 "l!
N 0 ,
 zf 0"3 z1C 0

19


 L
> P/3O O zq

Q(^ &  A+b e 7"3 l7"C+a3


 ;Qz^/ "CSh A *." 3 l0fN A 7^/ zf H ,
 7 >3 QL

 8 ;4 A Kn lL
4 P/3O O  E_..554 c1
>* &
| QP/O A
I > M
} H
Q0W/> 
H %3 l(>  ~) PZ3 , z%  L
4 A
I > . N 
/. f
56 , 0?1G /
N&  f Q?. ^? A  S  
fG L
4 CG N_
 zq
& Q 0
 56 A+b EG3 l"/ . @5 *> A+b O
/43  .fg V>3 l f

20


QmO.3 z.H i@/ "; ON 3 l
h;  3 7 56 e  T
 Qz1? a CG f
?3 O. A JO1 e  =B_ 0f 0G l7U c ,
+1
19 1995 1.18
20 " :7


.
42

@aa@b

*>3 l
+N 0O A MfO 7U 15 *> .B z/B QQ7U
+N P 0N  N/  PZ
Qza 7"fO 2.^/ z1? a 7";+ *>  0 
 , A+b3 lMfO A O._ H.5
|)> 0f6 l[.U3 |1 ^  *.+ *> B5
 v  ;&   z5: A z
, ] )C
lP@ ]^ 7U
+N A N; .fu 0+/ l7B|)> (W1 3> 7"G
"@  l3
@& , z-
h
q eN5 3G zf *> 7 3 Q"-)> A if zN/ " f m; *a lz f "H
5 . e
Qz/.1? , H
1 JDp eN53 QB6 3> Ma L
4
e  L
4 PH. z5
6 a eN 
  iCS/ lE&N3 E  [N V>
  e  T

QB6 3> lzf z "G
 a l U
,Za
 EB J& 0.N QzH3 z1C e  f QQJ& L
4 e  z) , fN 
QR4
N M N_ Ed;5  k 
5 A Qcd
N . e  J3 ;B.& M/
 =/
 a C  JO JC& L
4
Q
GI
"; a 7
= * |. 
 , z;@& co L
) MG 53 lKI L
)G =f-O j.1  
 /
 eN5
Q 3 fF& =3O 3> cBf [.fN

43

@aa@b

7 qB L" zq lE_U 7 e  c; 0+@G "-G , 5.+5 A cI fN
Q 3&  M"_3 05.6 3> P&G
z .H> zf * */ l
  M5:3 .H4 L
) m.  PW E 
 N; 56
Q=/ 

 i *a3 e lV
1? 
? .U N *> z N/ =5
1? 
53
^?S/ lMN 0N  f-& ++3 C4  56 , m1 L
4 P/3O O
5j"C3 @ P/3 ^?> fG l?&G 7B:
oa 3> .8G 7"Ha N5 _. 554 P/3
v9 G P/3 ^?>3 QMN 7"^  *3 Vq L
)  ."G 7"1H. 3cd5 *> A+b
Q7"N 5.  A+b l<s"&3 Jq4 N /

44

@aa@b

1-  234567"W/0  

45

@aa@b


5 K l7 8 E [F M  "Z
15 v Z34 P 01  Pfg [>  ON
Q[F P5@& 7 53 RS5 3> lM >3 M/B> ]^ [35 *> a Pfg
 .1.5.2 9 
>< > [ , 3& Pfg .H ~;/ Q Nf f& J.H "Z
1 H v RS  A P;/
 lM8? , =f-O 0fN v3 lE 
  fN fF& sC. A5 Vq [F "Z
15 
1 A
^
3& 7 / QsC. qB 
 %a J.G ";HN53 lsC. q"G J& co f& 3& e  [
/
 AfZ & ZN&  x
h; co 0+@G 7  H3 QM O3 [F a q
h; 0+@G
& 3& *3O A  X+N l*+& ,
"+ l2q;3
8G ;4 7B.5 P [ .B3 lMG k.f
QNfg 0O cd sC.H3 lE 
 .G " "_ C o
1  ,
< > l@& {
a3 l5
 R3& co N a |.  ."/ [ U
r fN M_3

5 K lRS X+N5  .B3 lM  J.)U 3> 0fN qB N; O *3G leZ.1 ha3
 
>++3 3 1 / , c+1 e  0N JH H.3 QAF5 q+B 3
= 5G M> Pfg
3& Z A& Pf [  ?
1 (; K l[.
& M)) V.+5 [F  ]^/ l 5G
Qcd 3 
+ ,
+15  E Pfg Ba3 l"1 1N

21

21 .
.
.
46

@aa@b

 : ; %  .2.5.2


A *+p H J A ~/ K^;5 .B lE 0N1  JO M/
- V.5   .B3
A N& co E&3 VO
1 L
 2 A l7 F e  E. 05^ , & qB 0If53 l[F N
A 0  > A K ;3 22l<Low - Profile action9 5y  d  , M  ] )5 .B3 l N 
l-
W P/O A  0I QVO
1 TU A H e  2.8 0> e 3 lJCN& 0 ,
-
7D 1 +3 l w 
 *3G  XS3 lhp 53
3 l 5
+N U A
"3
l  P/3O A P; 3  3 5O
/ )@C4 z  *.+  JO3 Q .+8 3 sC.G 0"G
BF
X3 [F e  05^  5O
/ 3 "C. A 5y  E"/ QO.3 7F Vcd 0f { , ES 3
EN; 0+@G 6 iC *a3 EB3 lM G
Z 5  MW;H A 3
"  ?
/ 5> A K^;3 23lM3
Q[3 3> E_  0f , 3& 0;H A BfI A+b MC> a
{./ 3> V. E 2W a S / cd  a 0_> A 3& Pfg 
H %a >
QV.
  =.  .3.5.2
$JON 5. =W5> M3

22 Kurt Schock (2005): Unarmed insurrections. people power movements in non-democracies, publisher, p.14.

23
.
47

@aa@b

>< l|13 li5. 0I & {


) [G w
 . x Ef  3> V. 2W
0fN3
/. 0-. qB3 QJO; f  0-. "  ] )5 v3 l -W 3 P/3 lGC3
Q
= /3 =5.H =Nfu | G 0N1G "@ v3 
b 3> 5ON 7+8 fFC> % 23 ,  1G
 Q
3 24R3& N A
< = 0f@53 lV. {./ 2W
QGN
3 5
+N GC $R3& N

25


>3 G
Zp *3N >3 l
BF Hp3   > [ x $
A ECI ; , =  4 qB k
h ES3 Q; )G .+8 Op {B
h;& 0
Q +
z  2 A 
 "G
f v 0 
& 56 75 x+  & 56 NG
Q

24
.
.
25
.
.
.
48

@aa@b

 U %.

26

 



) (

) (




) (


:2 
.


26 :
Kurt Schock (2005): Unarmed insurrections. people power movements in non-democracies, publisher, p.13.

49

@aa@b

QJq& & , c+1 ,  E 23 [ A+b3

-1

-2

-4

-5

-3

-6

-7
M/
+1  |.Z , X3 l0N/ O
M N15 *> P)5  |.Z , NH.& 7U 0N/ O3O O6 *> 3
>l>. N *> ~) , z 3 Q7U C+a e  7-H z  6 *4 =N *.+ zqG3 lM S 3
cDS  a , x > T
/  )@C4 V>3 l2.;
-U V> O6 H 0N/ 0 1 + *> m *> B J
+13
&) QLB 2.?. 0_ A .
Q< l )3 C+p JO9 0 6 e  |G 7  NH.& & O63

50

@aa@b

 ('
M  ;3 l U 0 ;5 [N E &/ l   V
1 O.fN GI J.)U qB xN
l 1 & L
4 P 0N3 Pf "_.3
8 |G  l  1 
|G , |. lN & i;
 A     i;
/
QPf "_.  3> lJO . > 3> l
8
*3O & q"G A5 A [fWCG 
83 .fg 7" *>3 l= N3 =^Z3 & & *.+5 *>

. 5
5
r tN;3 N [ 5
5 7"WNG @& VN RCSG 
8 @^/ lco
A )@C4 A cI O/a a VO5 f l w8 
 %  ,
8  a VO5 
Q& [N &  v y ^?> 2
O6 *> / l
3 V. 2W  0I  A
I > sG Pf

H %a
;/ lR3 0+@G 0fN %a WH *.+ & tNG *> K l 0 0N1 0 
3 Y3
h
M
+/ [. Vq 
 P tH5 H 
@ . z 5 Vq V. 2W 

I > sG Pf %/ Q 


@ .G L [3 lJ5_ .H Oa3  ;N  .H cd e 
7  3 l 0 [ -G E3 e 3 l 3 ) e  |G z% *.+5 *>  A
Q=WNG "WNG

51

@aa@b

3O4 z b  MCSG =N *.+5 Kn l=++3 =3 =1 / M  V>  
QPH. , cDS M+b  = = X3 lL"  ?.&
e  G *.+  "C> f lPfg , G
g co J5 f  =N5
 cBf  
 f Jx V> "5 *.+5  H cd  
= ; 5 & % a  cd OH e l"
lPfg G
 , M
o E"5 e ="_ ) l5_ ]5
 V> 0I & qB *> *;8 , PZ.5 zq lM/
QE-  0+@G R M+ 5 =N; = (;5 e 3
a VO
1 TU 3> RS  A NfgG 2C l="_3 =x? )5  a  A 2C
G ,3 c+1 5
 , =c; = .6 N5 2C q"/ l  a N  A 3> l 
v z  A   3 +/> e  y+
 N e  JfN& cd ./ lM% Pfg 
Q cd .H "  fN

 
 
 

52

@aa@b

 
 
 
 
 
 
 W819456723456723;( 

53

@aa@b
 

Oa 0_> A lB? 7"& A l > 


G3  e  M-G , V.+5 [F fN5
$ qB A3 lJOW 
G3 
QE. i@3 |p
Q;4 |1a
QRS k3 KG3 5.
Q@ G"  
Q"G J.1 P.3  
? [
Q 5y
&

$0I JOW 
G3  3& .) q-
Q ;C mN& a 1 [3 E. JO5j

Q"-@/a3 ;4
@C

Q04 KG3 c@;

Q G"&
 3 
@ yC

Q ; /U A EZd3 3& L.1?  .

QJO;&3 J3& e   JH 3& + v 5y




54

@aa@b

  ) 0=.

5.) 2 A "/" =_ 5.+5 NZ YC R *> 3f  7"& A zq
$2I& 0; e  NW YC A3 lJ5_ 

27

QM+f =O" !*N! *3N ^ 0N  JcI .fu e  [F Of


Q ."G   M.) PH. A+b 3 ~ a M-O> ~ 2.6 
 % , 
H3c;
Q j4  P ? e5 Vq E  

QM;)& G [3 N@ 2fBa
 l @ "8 U A+3 l[F U = N/ 0fN 3 lO1G G [F |y_> tNG
Q / co " N

Q B.@ PH.  M
FC *.+  JO _..55> X> e  [H *a [F

.26:27 2003 2 - 27
55

@aa@b

 ('
, z5 zqG3 lB
@G [. l  ;4 z
/.5 / lM N1 *> zf 5
5  0N1 *> 
QR X .B MuC
G ]6
QMG [  zN/5 
/ l0N/ O
G [. *> 0;H K5
 lz/B> ]}3 z [  a q1 
/ l
 0+G T E 1 0+@G + *> A+b JOW& 3 
QfN5
> 0 
 , M+ lY
1& Pf [F fN5  H 34 0 
& E1/ l
& n cd H
Q5" , "_6 A+3 l34 0 
& , JO 5y
 fN  H 3&3

 
 
 
 
 

56

@aa@b

 
 
 
 
 
 

 =
W   "

57

@aa@b

lJO3 C+p K EZ4 3 A 5G l 3& BN v 7  _O GI 0 
& N
QifN H "C+a *.+ *> NG "6 a iN v "/B> ]^ K V. N ]G)G |"C3
A+# v  |G3 l -y_ LB> ]6 ls> sf" VO B;G
 0 a
F A+b3
Q  
& , 2. A
$2I& 0; e  B 0 
&
q C> co lPfg 5yB_ O3 
 N; n cd 0 
  3
Nfu |G! *.+5 *S l(Z3 0+@G cd 3
@ *. O} K $ 3> 
5.)3 7 8 ?
7D lE> 0/3  0^ N@ 3O 0N1G A+3 l
SG )  2; a L"5  cd/ l! 5.H
QPfg , 2.^ qB ^ v 
5.)
0_> A la QQ &3 H.83 5
+13 5.;N3 p MH ;53 M -3 Pfg .)5 K $J |G
@ G *fZ 1 EB J |G ,  1& ) i3 Q w8
N& . A A+f5 *>
l& M_. A AfW v 
83 p3 5
+1 &3 " O._3 A+3 lcd |
QMS C+a3 l@8 
f3
)& 0f6  H l -y_  2 A li +@ v ;  / ;3 l& G
75 K $ G

QPfg G 5. , 7B3 +/4 x R4G "+ Q  +
Qc&
N .U C+p 0 @8 ?
1 s6 K $k.1& 

58

@aa@b

~)& e  3 l byB 3> lE-y_ 3> l(


G a l=  
 E" 8 P` , $
 5"C
Q=  O5 7D H.5 H3 l
? V4 O3 m"/ QG4 a 
 b A / l 5"C 
? 0+ *> m5 *>
Q8 P` , + x SG 3
U 1 O 7"& A3 Q 5"C M *.+ =f =C M ~) 75  A+
0 ?. A+b =hN =NH3 (; *> a z SG 0 "w v 0 
& iC =5> 0 e 3
$E ]HO 0+@G "w3

"G 5
N $
& ?.
QLB 0 7 3O>3 jp c5N
% P =56
& qB LB> $LB4
0 l"; a L
 0 eN5 v 3> 7 f L
43 l7"1NZ3 7".H
? K A $s/
) O
NW3 J.
?   *> A+b K l .Z.& LB4 e  |G3 l~/
& qB a , z%
l
 , J.H )C 3& JO o *.+5 *> A+b 2I& 0; e N/ Q
& cdG L
4 A H.&3
EB 
 , 7U  *.+ *> A+b zq Qq+B3 QNZ )C (;
>
 , "+
QY
1& PfG 0N5
>
 , M+ l0B
/ l
& , m
^ "/ 7 v g3 (-
@3 ]&3 ,
d {) 0f@3 $
^ 
 3> f_ *.+ *S JO u 3> lR A N }
h 3> l N F/ , =y  =/
d_ *.+5

& z  , 3& y+ % e  MG C  .B3 lj+ YC 56 ; qB )5 q+B3 Q

59

@aa@b

a C.5  .B3 l 5 a 6 qB j+ YC A )C 0 3 Q<  *j3  h   [p9
Q
& z  , "y+
3 "ja3 "1C 3& Ef^  $/ Y.) 56
A *.+ *> A+b 2I& 0; e N/ l
8 "G [y  v ~G.W EB3 l"
 0+ 28$
 l + " 
+1& E4 ]5
1 t5
N [ 34 0 
& ,

29

JH |G a L"5 Y@C 0 3

Qq1 5
3 Y@ N; O} Vq Q0N1 ~GZ .B qB lBc  ]5
1
Q
& z  , BOf 7 v $0-.
^Q
& LB> ]6  f M_. v $5
 )5 J5_
 , 2. *> z% l 
& a 2C
H e   
h& V> $2C N
e  "H N5  -y_ _  JO;H , 5cd
8 k/ l
& N; P ]/.5 =5_ =Oa
 5cBf f8 > l G .fu "# -y f8/ lP. VcBf 0fN JOa
& 2C
 zq Q=
5d =Oa3 1  Jx ) E"/ 7D A3 lN R# .G "H O. A N.
 fH , *r EB lJ. X1G J5
& 0 "C> AF3 
 5"C , "CSG
8 d > ;C

28 . ) (
.
29


) ( .
60

@aa@b


G ~/  N i EB3 l f" 2C N iC zq l<29 7H
& H , "+ <19 7H
&
Q 
f  2C e   v 4 ; c/.G A+3 l
& LB> ]6 A
Q N;& 0-.3  e  |G
& MH
d *> PH.& 5
 $y &
J. G N5 qB3 lPfg , J
D ; G fB& AfW5 lV.CD kG
 0 , 3
U 0W15 $V.CI k
3> lJ
[a 3 m .B
 , V.CI k *.+5 *S l3
@ 0+h ,
& 5"G 3q;& O."
z  P cd 3
@ 2.^5 zqG3 Q  0 
& O.5
+1 0 ? 3> l5G ?  XS
]6 , {1a V> 3  ,3 QM  |V   lPfg ,  E 3
@ a 5.CI  
Q 3
@ 0+h , B"_3 "@C J
Pfg B> H cd .H *.+ 0 
& A
 LB>

61

@aa@b

)(1

)(

)(

62

@aa@b

63

@aa@b

l
^ 3 l"1NZ3 ".H YC3 L
4 "/ O6
 0+G ?  7 A+b3
0+G ? 
   0f V> l l
& J3 l
& , N;& JOW& 3 l3
Q
>3
 sG Jc; cd O._3  , ? l


64

@aa@b

('
*> J3
WG X / lJ5
& "; ) v C+p3 P/3
 c/.
> a
 A 2C )5
Q CI
& a 2C / 34
& C+a

& lC+p3 P/3
 X1G 
& 2.O3 l
 , C J.@C |3 {C [
C 7+n JxU3 /
N& 7B. *.+53 Q=# 1  C+a3 x ) H J5_ ._ xN J5
Q 
& , +C ;>  > 234
V> , z e  H "C4 l
& ja , "  Of [ < &N3 f Hp9 J& L
4
H z1C e  a fN > T
 QQzf sG3 "G 5_ EZ31 PZ3 V> 3> l. A5j. , 2.6
i N/ zf 7O , "8 _3 */ l"8 0_4 a3 z _> A 0fN  f 233 Q)&
QOO
 *3O
PZ3 " z1H. O l7U A "fO P)H 3> B6 3> "; a eN H J& L
4
Q ;& 
l"H e  |G LB4 6 3&/ lcd 3
@ M  N5 7  7f a
H> 0 
& 7f
E
 LB 7  ? 1+G = =3
4 )5 l Z G
WG ]^ LB4 0 i3
QJO G *.B
 7  , _O 0 l"/B> ]6 e 3& M 

65

@aa@b

c/. l -" M/B>3 M 


3 lE + 3
@&G c@; 7"& A zq l0 
&
 E L
ES5 H
lE 
/  0 
&  cd .H e  L3
F
1 / QT
1 TH H3 l 5yB
QsN  ;G cd 3
@  [N V>
 , |E_1 2.6 3> l7j . 0I

66

@aa@b

!?????9
!?????9

67

@aa@b

. SH c3 lcd 3


@ , JcG e  m
^  V3
Z
> E "@f   7 *a
fH v JO43 Q
 0 , [.U3 |1 8 O} ? ]) Oa3 l 3 0 
 e  |G LB4 ]6
O
& "@& N; n lE ~)& P 5  B
5.) A+b
d q = "ffG
PW z% 0 l. N& 0 P`3 23 0+G [y J3
WG X MC> f l7
 A
d3 lMw
Qja O
& cd 3
@ N;)
l7 Vq .B ~)& *4 l ^Z3 i^;?> 5:
 A> J3
WG N5  M%  , U 73
3> l;)C 3> l ; H. 3> l=h .B 0+@ qB 7 , 7+^5 H lPH. 0+h O Vq .B3
  MW5
N3 l
r3 s8 sG . N_
 7"& A zq QPH. A JNG  6 3> l  H
PH. A |E@G |  B 3
)& JO4/ QMG?  ; C& G
  MW5
N3 l A5
r P
A M/ E N1 PH. > lPH. A J.? *.+ E ~)& c+1 7F JO> O
u EB lE N1
Qzh 0 *.+5 *> 3 l  0GH M qB3 QQE1C 0 A3 l h  A3 l. N O
lz1. k._3 z  "Z
1 5:
G
N . *> A c
N& A ^^? J.? *.+ *>
Q"G i . O
g k;h>
N 03 l a 3N3 l3 a  8 2.^5 H "
QC ;> j.6 *> e  m "+ lC z AfW  G JO4 qB

68

@aa@b

 
  
5B1W@A1

69

@aa@b

:
.

70

@aa@b





) %25 :(

) -(
) (


:
:


71

@aa@b

72

@aa@b


)
. (

73

@aa@b

-(..

74

@aa@b




) //(.../



)/

)/

(../


75

@aa@b


76

@aa@b


)
-(..

77

@aa@b


-1

-2

-4

-5

-3

-6

-7

-1
-2
-3

78

@aa@b

-1
-2
-3

79

@aa@b

)(1

)(

)(

80

@aa@b

81

@aa@b

82

@aa@b

83

@aa@b

 > 
 .+  >

Helvey, Robert L. (2007): On Strategic Nonviolent Conflict: Thinking About The


Fundamentals, The Albert Einstein Institution.

Schock, Kurt (2005): Unarmed insurrections. People power movements in nondemocracies, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN.

Sharp, Gene (2005): The Politics of Nonviolent Action, eighth printing, USA, extending
horizons books.

Martin Oppenheimer and George Lakey, A Manual for Direct Action, Quadrangle Books,
1965.

A force more powerful-the game, The International Center on Nonviolent Conflict


(ICNC)/York Zimmerman Inc, 2010.

   0  >


Q1998 l34 N;) l3cG lEG1 O l.d
|VO; l1_ E@ 
[>  $J.&9 l! W" sC.H! VW8 P/3 
 ,  . l*)  7_ QO 
Q<2005 l34 N;) lP5j.3 ` 

Q 8 0-; l h s_ 
Q 
b a 5.+5 A 2.^ l h s_ 
Q1995 l 3 l
U "/  `
 l
8 A/ l. * 

84

@aa@b



 
KI U QQQ

EC& *N 
L.U A H. 3

^ >

BF 0O
^ *

 
2.N J.D  
<19 2.N 2yj
<29 2.N 2yj
Q0N .h , ByC

85

You might also like