DEFINITION

 If a relation is true for all values of the

literals that occur in this relation , we call
it an Identity.
 SOME USEFUL
(a+b) 2
=a 2
IDENTITIES+b 2
+2ab
(a-b)2=a2+b2-2ab
(a+b) (a-b)=a2-b2
(a+b+c)2=a2+b2+c2+2ab+2bc+
2ca
(a+b)3=a3+b3+3ab(a+b)
(a-b)3=a3-b3-3ab(a-b)
 ACTIVITY 1
Take a square piece of a cardboard
with
Sides (a+b)
We know that
Area of a
square=side*side
=(a+b)(a+b)
=(a+b)2
(a+b)
 CONTD.
ACTIVITY 1
Divide this cardboard into four pieces
and mark them as shown :
a b

A B a

C D b
Cut along the lines, we will
get foura pieces
b

A B a

C D b
 a b
EXPLANATION

 Area of the piece A=a2 A B a

 Area of the piece B=ab

 Area of the piece C=ab

Area of the piece D=b
C2
D b

Since total area of the pieces is equal

to the area of the original square.
By adding Area of the
pieces=a2+ab+ab+b2
(a+b)2=a2+2ab+b2
 VERIFICATION
 Taking a=2,b=3
 L.H.S.
 ( a+b )2=(2+3)2=52=25
 R.H.S
 a2+2ab+b2= 22+2*2*3+32
 =4+12+9
 = 25
 L.H.S.= R.H.S.
 DERIVATION BY PRODUCT (a-
b)2
 (a-b)2=(a-b)(a-b)
 =a(a-b)-b(a-b)
 =a2-ab-ba+b2
 =a2-ab-ab+b2
 =a2-2ab +b2
 ACTIVITY 2
 Take two squares of sides a & b as
shown. Denote it as fig. X
a b

b2
a2
 CONTD.ACTIVITY 2
 Draw a line PQ in the bigger square
to divide it into two rectangles of
dimension ab and a(a-b) as shown

b (a-b) b

ab a(a-b) b2
 Contd.activity 2
 Draw RS to T. Denote this fig. as Y

B Q O M

T
S R

A P N
 EXPLANATION
B Q O M
 QM=QO+OM=(a-b)+b=a
 NS=NO-SO=AB-RM=a-b
 a2+b2=Area of fig. X T
S R
 =Area of fig. Y
 =Area of rect. APQB.
A P N
 +Area of rect. RMQT+ Area of sq.
PNST
 a2+b2=ab + ab+ (a-b)(a-b)
 a2+b2=2ab+(a-b)2
 (a-b)2=a2+b2+2ab
 VERIFICATION
 Take a=5, b=3
 L.H.S.
 (a-b)2=(5-3)2=22=4
 R.H.S.
 a2-2ab+b2=52-2*5*3+32
 =25-30+9
 =34-30
 =4
 L.H.S =R.H.S.
 EXAMPLES
 1 Simplify :(3x+5y)2
 Solution :(3x+5y)2
 =(3x)2+2*3x*5y+(5y)2
 =9x2+30xy+25y2

 2 Solve :(105)2 using identity

 =(100+5)2
 =(100)2+2*100*5+(5)2
 =10000+1000+25
 =11025
 CONTD.EXAMPLES
1.Simply :(5r-7s)2
Solution:(5r-7s)2
=(5r)2-2*5r*7s+(7s)2
=25r2-70rs+49s 2
2.Solve : (99)2 using identity
=
=(100-1)2
 =(100)2-2*100*1+(1)2
 =10000-200+1
 =10000+1-200
 =10001-200
 =9801
 EXERCISE
 Solve the following by using
identities :
 1. (3a+4b)2
 2. (5u-7v)2
 3. (11x+13y)2
 Evaluate :
 1. ( 998)2
 2. (107)2