Road Lighting Simulation in Radiance: (With Accurate Road Surface Modelling)

3rd International Radiance Workshop - Fribourg 2004
Road lighting simulation in Radiance

(with accurate road surface modelling)
giulio.antonutto@arup.com
au
Summary
Part I - Introduction
Part II - r-Table implementation
Part III - Examples and applications
Part IV - Future work
au
Part I
Introduction
au
Introduction or why road surface modelling?
Current standards require to perform luminance

calculation of road surface.
Road surface is typically non lambertian. Its properties

are described by CIE and often presented in standards
by means of tables.
It is possible
information.
Radiance is more customisable than any other light

simulation program.
to
implement
in
Radiance
these
au
Part II
r-Table implementation
au
r-Table example
beta
alfa=1
0.00
14.04
26.57
36.87
45.00
51.34
56.31
60.26
63.43
68.20
71.57
74.05
75.96
77.47
78.69
79.70
80.54
81.25
81.87
82.41
82.87
83.29
83.66
83.99
84.29
84.56
84.81
85.03
85.24
0
329
362
379
380
372
375
354
333
318
268
227
194
168
141
126
107
94
86
78
70
63
60
56
53
52
45
43
44
42
gamma
2
329
358
368
375
375
373
352
327
310
262
217
168
136
111
90
79
65
56
50
41
37
37
32
28
27
23
22
22
20
5
329
371
375
378
372
352
336
302
266
205
147
106
76
54
43
32
26
21
17
14
11
10
9
9
7
7
7
7
7
10
329
364
373
365
354
318
271
222
180
119
74
47
34
21
17
12
10
8
7
7
5
5
5
4
5
4
3
3
4
15
329
371
367
351
315
265
213
166
121
72
42
30
19
14
10
8
7
7
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
20
329
369
359
334
277
221
170
129
90
50
29
22
14
11
8
7
6
6
5
3
4
4
3
4
3
3
3
0
0
25
329
362
350
315
243
189
140
104
75
41
25
17
13
9
8
7
6
5
5
4
4
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
30
329
357
340
295
221
166
121
90
62
36
23
14
11
8
7
7
6
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
35
329
351
328
275
205
150
109
75
54
33
21
13
10
8
6
6
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
40
329
349
317
256
192
136
97
68
50
29
19
12
10
8
6
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
45
329
348
306
239
181
125
87
63
48
26
18
12
10
8
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
60
329
340
280
218
152
107
76
53
40
25
16
11
8
7
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
75
329
328
266
198
134
91
67
51
40
23
16
10
8
7
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
90
329
312
249
178
130
93
65
49
38
24
17
11
9
8
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
105
329
299
237
175
125
91
66
49
38
25
18
12
10
8
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
120
329
294
237
176
124
91
66
47
38
24
17
13
9
8
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
135
329
298
231
176
125
88
67
52
41
26
19
15
11
8
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
150
329
288
231
169
129
94
68
51
41
27
21
14
12
10
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
165
329
292
227
175
128
97
71
53
43
29
21
15
11
10
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
180
329
281
235
176
128
97
71
54
45
28
23
14
13
11
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
r-Table for concrete road surface, Class C2
au
Road surface properties and r-Table

r-Tables collect reduced luminance coefficients, defined as:
light source
L
3
cos
[1] r =
E
Observer
luminance reading
gamma
P
Illuminance
at point P
au
r-Table variables
light source
light
source
gamma
Observer
D
r r
[2] = arccos( N S )
beta
S
r r
[3] = arccos( D S )
au
r - Table variables
Observer
D
r r
[4] = arcsin(D N )
alfa
P
r-Tables consider only one observer position: = 1
au
r-Table
r r
[2] = arccos( N S )
gamma
beta
r r
[3] = arccos( D S )
0.00
14.04
26.57
36.87
45.00
51.34
56.31
60.26
63.43
68.20
71.57
74.05
75.96
77.47
78.69
79.70
80.54
81.25
81.87
82.41
82.87
83.29
83.66
83.99
84.29
84.56
84.81
85.03
85.24
0
329
362
379
380
372
375
354
333
318
268
227
194
168
141
126
107
94
86
78
70
63
60
56
53
52
45
43
44
42
2
329
358
368
375
375
373
352
327
310
262
217
168
136
111
90
79
65
56
50
41
37
37
32
28
27
23
22
22
20
5
329
371
375
378
372
352
336
302
266
205
147
106
76
54
43
32
26
21
17
14
11
10
9
9
7
7
7
7
7
10
329
364
373
365
354
318
271
222
180
119
74
47
34
21
17
12
10
8
7
7
5
5
5
4
5
4
3
3
4
15
329
371
367
351
315
265
213
166
121
72
42
30
19
14
10
8
7
7
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
20
329
369
359
334
277
221
170
129
90
50
29
22
14
11
8
7
6
6
5
3
4
4
3
4
3
3
3
0
0
25
329
362
350
315
243
189
140
104
75
41
25
17
13
9
8
7
6
5
5
4
4
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
30
329
357
340
295
221
166
121
90
62
36
23
14
11
8
7
7
6
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
35
329
351
328
275
205
150
109
75
54
33
21
13
10
8
6
6
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
40
329
349
317
256
192
136
97
68
50
29
19
12
10
8
6
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
45
329
348
306
239
181
125
87
63
48
26
18
12
10
8
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
60
329
340
280
218
152
107
76
53
40
25
16
11
8
7
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
75
329
328
266
198
134
91
67
51
40
23
16
10
8
7
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
90
329
312
249
178
130
93
65
49
38
24
17
11
9
8
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
105
329
299
237
175
125
91
66
49
38
25
18
12
10
8
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
120
329
294
237
176
124
91
66
47
38
24
17
13
9
8
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
135
329
298
231
176
125
88
67
52
41
26
19
15
11
8
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
150
329
288
231
169
129
94
68
51
41
27
21
14
12
10
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
165
329
292
227
175
128
97
71
53
43
29
21
15
11
10
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
180
329
281
235
176
128
97
71
54
45
28
23
14
13
11
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
alfa=1
L
r
= =
[5]
E cos3 10000
au
r-Table and Radiance
r-table.cal
used to define angles
r-table.data -
used to specify values of r-table and angles
model.mat
used to define road surface material
model.rad
used to create road geometry
au
r-Table.cal
gamma(x,y,z) = Acos (x*Nx + y*Ny + z*Nz);
beta(x,y,z)
= if(sqrt(x^2 + y^2), Acos ((x/sqrt(x^2 + y^2)) * (Dx/sqrt(Dx^2 + Dy^2)) +

+(y/sqrt(x^2 + y^2)) * (Dy/sqrt(Dx^2 + Dy^2))), 0);
alfa(x,y,z)
= Asin (-Dx*Nx - Dy*Ny - Dz*Nz);
refl(v,x,y,z)
= v / (10000 * (x*Nx + y*Ny + z*Nz)^3);
r r
[2] = arccos( N S )
r r
[3] = arccos( D S )
r r
[4] = arcsin(D N )
L
r
= =
[5]
E cos3 10000
au
r-Table.data
3
00n
.......
0 0 29
........
0 0 20
........
number of variables
first variable (alfa)
n values
second variable (beta)
29 values
third variable (gamma)
20 values
770 770...
......
....
data
.......
....
....
au
r-Table.mat
void plasdata road

6 refl r-table.data r-table.cal alfa gamma beta
0
4rgb1
au
Part III
Examples and applications
au
Road surface illuminance calculation
at
l
u
c
al
id
r
g
on
...
...
P3.1
P2.1
P1.1
...
...
P1.2
...
...
...
au
Illuminance distribution for road surface
au
Road surface luminance calculation

Observer
id
r
g
on
t
a
l
u
c
Cal
...
P3.1
1.5m
P2.1
P1.1
luminance
reading
...
...
P1.2
...
Observer
...
1.5m
60m
au
Luminance distribution for road surface - Lambertian grey 20%
au
Luminance distribution for road surface class: CIE R3
au
Luminance distribution for road surface class: CIE C1
au
Luminance distribution for road surface class: CIE W4
au
Lambertian
CIE R3
Longitudinal Uniformity: UL=0.46
CIE C1
CIE W4
au
Lambertian
CIE R3
CIE C1
CIE W4
au
Lambertian
au
CIE R3
au
CIE C1
au
CIE W4
au
Domain of validity for r-table

Extrapolated data
60m min.
= 1
au
au
Part IV
Future work
au
Work in progress:
a shell program for generating simple road light

Create
schemes and verifying compliance to standards.
Implement an inexpensive HDR based technique to

expand r-tables in order to describe more than a single
observer position.
au
Thanks!
References:
Rendering with Radiance, Chapter 7 - Roadway lighting by Erich Phillips.

BS 5489-1:2003 Code of practice for the design of road lighting.
BS EN 13201-2:2003 Road lighting - Part 2: Performance requirements.
BS EN 13201-3:2003 Road lighting - Part 3: Calculation of performance.
au

Road Lighting Simulation in Radiance: (With Accurate Road Surface Modelling)

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3rd International Radiance Workshop - Fribourg 2004