Chapter 7.

Perspective: The Art of

Illusion
+ :
, ,
. .
,

Seeing a 3D World with a 2D Eye (p197)

The 3D/2D/3D Problem:
3
2
3
3D -> 2D -> 3D .
2 . .
Uccellos Perspective: A Workshop in a Developing Technique (p198)
The Battle of San Romano by Paolo Uccello (Figure 7.1):
Paolo Uccello? .
:
,

:
Foreshortening
(lances) . (imaginary single point of
reference) ? (Figure 7.2)
Uccello :



.
.
Figure 7.3 Uccello

Principles of Depth Perception: Where is It? (p201)

.
,
.

Binocular and Monocular Cues (p202)

/. Solso 1994
.
Binocular clues:

. ( 3D
!?)
. ,
(Figure 7.5)

.
Monocular clues:
. picturial() vs. kinetic()
. motion parallax
Monocular clues , .
monocular clues
Relative Size (p204)
(Figure 7.6, Figure 7.7)
Top-down vs. Bottom-up:
bottom-up. ...
Figure 7.6 - , (top-down).
Occluded Objects (p205)
,
.
Figure 7.8 - -> -> .
. .
Shadow (p207)
.
.
Figure 7.9. .
Figure 7.10. .
Figure 7.11. .
.

 .
Orientation (p210)
A , B .
45 .
.
Solso .
Top-down (,
).
Top-down , / . EP
(Pinker, HTMW)
Elevation (p211)
, .
. , , , ,
, . ( elevation
)
Texture Gradients (p211)
Figure 7.14. , .
Atmospheric Perspective (p211)
.
LA
. (Plate 16)
, .
, , , Uccello atmospheric
perspective .
:
.
Color (p213)
.
.
( ;; )

Linear Perspective (p213)

. (Figure 7.15)
Uccello
. The Battle of San Romano .
.
Kinetic Cues: What is It Doing? (p214)
. , ,
.
Motion parallax:
, (
)
Motion parallax .
.
2 .
. (, 3D
)
motion parallax .
J.J.Gibson .

Recumbent Figures: Why They Are So Hard to Draw

(p215)
.
, .
Uccello .
:


Figure 7.17:
A: Uccello
B: ( )
C:
D: C ( , ...)

(Figure 7.18). (Figure 7.19).
Mantegna Dead Christ(Figure 7.20) :
.

 7.21 .
.
Mantegna canon
. , .

.
. (acquire) .

Bramantes Trompe-loeil (p216)

Milan (The church of San Satiro) .
16 Donato Bramante .
. (Figure 7.16 Figure 7.17 )