Professional Documents
Culture Documents
)( :
-1 ) ( 2............................
- 2 4..............................................................................
-3 5 ................................................:
-4 8...............................................................................
-4 9...................................................................
-5 12....................................................
-6 14............................................................................
-7 91............................................................................
-8 122..........................................................................
-9 ) (158.......................................................
/http://www.9alam.com............
-1 :
.1 :
: .
:
.
:
.
- .
. .2 :
:
- (
-1 :
* : :
- .
* :
: 1)
(.
: 2
)
( .
: 3
)
( .
( .
: 1
)
(.
: 2
)
( .
-2 .
* - .
.
* - :
. - .
- .
- .
* - .
* * -
.
-2:
- :
.1 : .
.
.2 :
.
3
.2 :
) - - - ...(.
- :
- .
. - .
- ) - - (...
- :
. . - .
. .
-3 :
- :
. .
- .
- .
. - .
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
4
- :
:
- ....
.
.
.
-4 :
:
- .
. - .
. - / .
/ . . - .
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
5
-1 : : *
-1 *
-2
-I
-3
-4
*
-5
- 1
-II
-2
ATP
-3
-III
22
12
3
4
09
27
6
27
9
5
17
6
4
6
1
13
16
3
11
-1
10
-2
14
-1
02
- II
) (
2+5
5
-3
-2
8
5
3
14
27
17
12
07
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
6
-3
-4
02
02
05
03
.1 :
:
/.
.
:
:
.
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
7
/ : .
: .
.
.
:
.
:
.
:
:
.
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
8
) :(1
Created
!!PDF Pro
9
by
eDocPrinter
:
: .
:
: .
.
: Fibroine
. .
: 1
ADN .
: ) (
.
.
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
10
:1
1
) (2 )
(.
) (
.
:2
)
(
.
:
.
- ADN
ADN .
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
11
.
:
: ) (ARN
.
:1 ARN )
ARN .
2
.
ARN.
: ARN ARN
: 1 1 2 ARN
ARN .
: 2 ) (ADN
. ARN
: 3 ARN
: 3
: ARN
ARN
.
: 1 ARN .
ADN ARN
: 2 ) + + (
. ARN
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
12
ARN.
:3
:
.
:1
ARN . ADN
ARN ADN .
3
:
) U (T
: 2
) (
. 2
: 1
ARN .
: 2 :
ADN : ARNm : ARN.
: 3
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
13
-amanitin
Amanita
phalloides )( .
: ARN
.
: 4
.
4 .
: 1 :
) (ADN
ARN
4 ARN
: 2 .
- 1 .
ARN .
- 3 2 4 .
: 3
.
:5
) (ADN )(ARN
: 1 ADN . ARN
: 2 ADN . ARN
: 6
.
.
.
: 7
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
14
)ARNm(
ADN
ARNm .
ADN ARNm
.
:1 ARNm ADN .
: 2 ARN
)( .
:3
. ARNm
ADN ARNm .
: 4
.
.
: 1
20
.
- :
( 20
4.
20
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
15
:
.
: 16 .
: 64 20.
( ) :(1
:1
: 2 ) 2 3 4 (6
:3 .
- : .
:1 .
: 2 .
:3 ARNm
30.
:
ADN ARN
. Anagene
: 1
Anagene
: 2 Anagene
.
Beta
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
16
.
:
:1 .
:2 ) (polysome
ARNm .
: 3
.
.
:
.
.
:
ARN
ARN ARNm .
) (2 ARN .
)(
ARN .
) (3
).(2
. ARN
: 1999
3 ARNt 3 ARNr
.
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
17
4 ) ARNt ARNt
(
5 ARNm .
: 3 )( ARNm )
( .
: 4
:1 . ARNr
:2 .
) (.
: 5
ARNt .
.ARNt
:1 ARNt
. anticodon
: 2 ARNt ARNt
) .(20
2 ) 3 .(25
: 6
. ARNt
.
.
: 7
.
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
18
.
:1 : ARNt
Met ARNt .
:2
: ARNt ARNm
:3
.
: 8
.
. .
1964
) 4 .(21
4 21 2
ARN
ARNt .
. ARNt
ARNt .
. 21
.
: 9
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
19
:2
. :
- .
- ) (.
:
:1
.
3
.
-
-.
:3
: 4 ) (
. :
) -(
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
20
) ( .
.
: 2
. ARNm
: ARN
) (
ARNm .
ARNm
. .
: 3 .
ARNm .
. ARNm
: 3
.
.
.
: 4
.
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
21
. .
3
.
. Gln
4 .
: 5
:
-1 ADN . AUG
. ATG
-2 .
-3 . ARNm
-4 ARNm
-5 Ser .
-6
. ADN
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
22
:
:
.
: ) (
:
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
23
:
www.ens-kouba.dz\arabic\rastop.htm
).(4 3 2 1
:1
)
.(
:2 .
. .
.
.
4
) (.
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
24
.
.
45 2
.
: 3
.
: 1
: 1
:
: )( ) ( ) (
: ) ( )( 4 )(
: ) ( )
(
3 : 10-8 10
) (32 . Rastop
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
25
:
.
: 2
.
.
: 2
20 .
:1
)
) (-COOH ) (-NH2 ) R (
.
2) : 3 4 (5 3
.
: 6 )
COOH NH2 (
Ala .
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
26
. 48
:1
pH .
.
: 2 ) COO-
NH3+ (
:3
pHi pH.
pHi>pH )(+
pHi<pH )(-
pHi=pH )(0
).(0
: 4 ) (.
)(.
:4
.
) ( .
:
: 1
).(H2O
:2 .
:3 .
: 4 .
.
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
27
. Anfinsen
.
:1
Cys
Cys ).(Pond disulfure
:2
.
. .
: 3
. .
Rastop
:
www.ens-kouba.dz\arabic\rastop.htm
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
28
:1
.
.
-1 pHi
pH .
pH . pHi
-2 pHi ) 7
3 ( 5 pHi ) ( 7
-3
. pH
-4 3 47
NH3+ .
COO-
: 2
Rastop
. Tlcharger Rastop
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
29
Rastop
307
Ala . Asn
138 161
8
8
Ala . Lys
:3
Rastop
.
.
Rastop
caricature Palette
. de couleurs
. de couleurs
caricature
atome/colorer par/chaine
ABC hem
. palette de couleurs
:
146 +146 + 141 + 141
VAL LEU SER PRO ALA ASP LYS THR ASN VAL
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
30
VAL HIS LEU THR PRO GLU GLU LYS SER ALA
VAL HIS LEU THR PRO GLU GLU LYS SER ALA
VAL LEU SER GLU GLY GLU TRP GLN LEU VAL
Val1
4
CPK
) (
4 ) (
) 1 (
) 4 (
) (
.
.
: 4
203
.
1 .
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
31
1=pH ) (.
3 pHi .
Ala pHi . 6=Ala
Glu pHi 7
pHi<pH Arg
pHi . 7
)) 5 4
((203
His-Lys-Pro-Arg-Gly-Glu
3 :
1 = pH
.
= 3+ .
= 2+
= 1+
. NH3+
pH 1 = pH
.
pH pHi
.
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
32
25
ARNr
3.6x106 S5
:ARNt
2.5x106
36
2
55
3 3
3.6x104
2.5x104
4
2
203
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
33
: 4
: .
. :
, .
:
(
.
.
: 1
.
: 1
:12
1 :
* ) ( : :
- 1
- 2 .
* ) ( : :
- .
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
34
: :
2
: 3 ) (
.
.
: 2 .
.
:
.
:1
:1 .
:2 .
:2
.
1 :2
.
:3
:1
.4
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
35
:3
.
:4 .
:4
) : (21 :
- .
H L A ) ( H L A ).( H L A
:8 ) ( H L A )( H L A
) 8 ( .
:5
.
:1
) (C M H
C M H .
:2
.
):(6
* -1 C
M H ) :(6 ) (D
) .(H L A ) (BC A ( H L A I
B 2 M . 15 :2
H L A
C M H .H L A
: 3 .
) (
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
36
* : .
:(7
* : .
:1 . . A A
B .B
AB .B A
O .
:-2 : :
A .B
B . A
A B .
O .A B
: .
:1
:2 A B
: 3 .
.
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
37
: 1
. 9
:2 )
(
: A ) (AA )(O A
: B ) (B B )(O B
: AB )(A B
: O )(O O
* -7 : :
: 1 .
Rh + .D
: 2 .
.D
.D
:3 1
D ) (Rh+ ) .(Rh
: .
: 3
) . ( .
:
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
38
.
:1 :
* ) (
1 2 .
1 3
.
:2
1 2 1 6 .
: 3
) .
:4
) ( .
:
.
: 2
: 1
,
:2 .
) (
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
39
:3
.
: ) ,
, , (
.
: 4
.
:
.
: 1
.
: 1 , , 1,2,3
.
:2 .
:2
): ( .
:1 .
:2
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
40
: 3
-
:1
: 2
BiAnt
B .
: 3
.
- .
: 1
:2 .
) (
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
41
:1- .
:9
.
:1
.
: 2 .
:3 ,
.
:
.
:2 : :1
:
: . . : . :2
.
: .
. CA M
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
42
, LB
: LB.
: 1
: 1
GRM
: 2 . GRM
.
:4 .
.
: 5
) -
- - (.
: 2
) 1 : ( 2 .
1. 2
:1 .
.
: 2
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
43
. .
-
.
:1 .
: 2
LB
) (
: 3 .
.
:3
: . :1
GRMGRP .
: 2 .
, LB
, .
: 3
: 4
LB
. 3
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
44
3 ]
.
: . :1
.
:2
) ( .
:
LB
.
:6 ) (:
,
:
:1
BK
) ( LT ) ( . BCG
: 2
.
:7 ).( LT
:
.
:1
:1 :
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
45
)(LTc .
:2
) (LTc . H L A
.LTc .
:2
) (LTc.
:1 LTc
LTc
.
2 LTc
.
- LTc H L A
- LTc
:
.
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
46
LTc .
: 1
: 1
:
.-
LT ) ( .
) (LB .
: 2
LT .
: 2
.
:1 T
LT
)(H LA ) (H L A ) (P
.
:2
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
47
) ( 4
.
: 2
) (LT8 .
: 3
:
1- )( H L A LT 8
) (.
2 LT8 LT8 .
:4
- .
: 1
LB .
: 2 TL LB
4 .
: 3 .
.II LT8
.
: 4
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
48
: - :
LT8 LB LTh :
LTh LT8 LB
.II
- LT8
LB LB
LT8 ). (LTc
: 5
- .
:1 .
: 2 .
2 3 9
LB
) .(LT4
:3
3 4 ) ( pT 4
LB .
- )
(.
: 1
) (H L A ).(H L A
: 2
:
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
49
.II
.
: 9
) ( VIH
) ( VIH
.
:1
) : (1
.
:1
.
: 2 .
: 2 .
.
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
50
: 2
) ( VIH ) (LT4
) (CD4 ) ( gP 120 ) (
) .( VIH
: 2
) :( 1
.
: 1 ) ( VIH
) ( VIH :
- gP 41 - gP 120 ...... . .ARN
: 2 gP 120 : ARN
) (LT4 . 6
: 3
:
- gP 120 ) (LT4 )(CD4
) (LT4 gP 41
.
.
:2 ) ( VIH .
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
51
gP 120 ). (LT4
- gP 120 ) ( VIH
).(LT4
. :2
)(LT4
:3
).(CD4
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
52
: 1
-4} :
-5 -6 -7
-8 -9 {
.
:
- 3
LB
3
. 2
.
: 2
-1 1} :
3- H L A 2-
) ({
:
.
: 3
-1 :
gP 120 ) ( .
: . ) 2 ( 3 :
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
53
-3 2 -
.
. .ATP - : ) (LB
1 2 .
-1 .
- : ) (1 ) (LB ) (2
gP 120 ) ( VIH .
-2 .gP 120
) (LTc
)(LT4 .
:4
.
:
1 :
) (
.LTc
.
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
54
-1
.
) 2 ( 6 , 5
5 A B
- 2 B 6 .A
- 5 .A . B : , .
1 ) (A B A . B
: .A B [ 4 .
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
55
.A
A B
AB
AB
O .
:
.A B .
: 6
:
-1
: .
-2
HBe sBe .
*-1 : 4 ) 12
3 ( 5 . 4
: )(LB 1
).(TL
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
56
: 4 5 :7
:
). (cTL
-1 H2 k
H2 k ) (LTc .
-2
.
-3 :
.
: 8 .
* 1 .-
. *2 . : ) (
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
57
:
-1 : ) ( .
.
-2
.
-3 .
-4 .
: . - .
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
58
92
: 5
97
107
121
124
)(LT4
)(LT4
3 1
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
59
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
60
:
.
:
:
.
* .
.
- 1 ) (
:1
.
:2 ) ( ) (.
:
.
2 .
: .
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
61
:1
.
:2 .
.
2
:1 .
:2 .
:3 CO2 .
:4 .CO2
3
:1
.
:1
.
:2
.
:3 .
:4 .
:5 1 .
:6 .
:7
.
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
62
.
1
:1
.
:2
.
:3 .
:4 .
:2
:1 .
:2 1750
1950 .2000
:3 .
:4 .1950
.
:3
:1 .
:2
.
:4
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
63
:1
.
:2 ).(2000 1940
:3
:5
. .
:1 .
:2 .
:3
.1940
:4 .
Catrina 28 2005
) .( nouvelle orleans
:6
:1 .
:2
.
:3 .
).( Internet
:7
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
64
:1 ) (
.
:2 ) + (.
12
:1 .
:2
: 13
:14 .
:1
:2
:15 ..
:1
. :
- .
:2
.
5
.
:1
:1 .
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
65
:3
.
:2
:1 .
:2 .
:1 .5
:2 .
.6
:3
:3
7 .
:1
.
:2 .
:3
.
:4
.
:4
:1 1979 1999
.
:2
.
:5
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
66
(...
:
:
:
.
: .
:1
.
:
.
:
.
-1- -2
.
,
.
: 2
.
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
67
: 2 .
: 2
.
:
.
:
.
:1
.
: 2
:
.
:
:
: 1
.
:2
.
:3-
.
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
68
1 . 2-
-3
4 ) 1 2 3 4 ( 5- . 3 .
: .
: 1
.
:1
:2
.
:2
1: .
:2
.
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
69
. .
: 3
-1-
. : .
8 .
110
110
11
134
138
2
3
132
131
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
70
: .
:
.
:1 .
: :
1.2
-1 .
1-1
: .
3-1
: UVA-UVB-
2-1
: .
UVC . .
-2
3:
:2-3+1-3 UV
.
1 + 2 .4141.
:1-4
.UV
:
:2-4 :
:
: .
56:
UV
:1-6 UV :
*
*
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
71
* ....
:2 .
: .
:
.
:
:3-2-1
:1-1 : .......
:2-1 1 UVA .
:3-1 3
4-1 :5-1
.
- :
. . ...... -......
45:
:1-4
.
4
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
72
6144
.
:
1-6:2-6
) ( .
3-6 :4-6
:
:
210. 5 7208 - 1040
: 145
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
73
.
.
1 .
1992
:1 .
:2 .
:3 :
- .
- )
(.
- .
2 .
:1
.
:2 .
2
:
.
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
74
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
75
..
-1 :
-
..... .
-2
.
-3
: - * :
.
* ......
:2
:1
-1
.
:2
-2
.
-3
.
:3
.. .
.
: . . 2007
:
.
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
76
:1
.
:2
.
:5
.
:1
......
....
: .
:6
2
..... .1
:7
1 2
...
:8
..... .....
:9
. .
Created by eDocPrinter
!!PDF Pro
77