.

.


.
.

/ .

.

.

:

.. .

.

 .
.
.

.

.

Superelevation Widening

.

1




.

....

) (
.

) 40 ( .
.

) 16 25(.
) ( .

)12
16( .

1 1 Design Classes



.

 ) (1 .

-2
2 1 Design Speed

.
.
2 2 Running Speed

) ( .
2 3 .Average Spot Speed

.

 ) (2

) /(
Average Running Speed
45
53
61
68
75
81
88
94
100
106

) /(
Design Speed
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140

2 4 Design Speed Standards

.
) (3

)
(LOCAL

) COLLECTOR
(

) ( Expressway

) /(

) / (

30

50

50

60

80

100

70
50

90
60

90

120

3
Highway Capacity & Level of Service
3 1

.
3 2



) (4 .
) (4

Two Lanes
93/ -

420/
.

90


.

88 / .


70
. 0.27

750 /
0.10
.
. 0.80
84/

43 50
. .
.

.

1200 /

80/ .
40
64




.

1800 /
.

72/
33

2800 /
.
)(
)-0.70

(1.00 0.95
)( )( .
.

72
/


2000
.

25 33


.

:
.
.
.
.
.
.
) (5

)C(
)C(
)D(

4
4 1 )( Sight Distance


.
4 1 1 )(Stopping Sight Distance

)(6
) . ( 2
4 1 2 )(Passing Sight Distance


. ). (2
) (6

 ) (7

/
40
50
60
70
80
90
100

)(

3
2
3
5
7
9
12
16

6
4
6
10
15
21
29
38

9
6
10
18
26
*
*
*

*
: 50/
3
)( : ) (6 65
) (7 = 68 = 3 + 65 .
: 60/ .
)( : ) (3

420 . ) ( 6 420 .
4 1 2

) . (1-4
) (2-4 .

.

 4 1 4

. 1.07
15 1.30
.
4 1 4 1 )(Crest Curve
)(1
L = Kc X A ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1

= L
)Kc= (8
=A
) (8 K c

) /(
40
50
60
70

) ( Kc


90
5
130
15
180
18
250
31

80

49

310

90
100
110
120

71
105
151
202

390
480
570
670

) ( : 40 / 4 - 3 +

) (8 Kc 40 / .5
A = | (3) - (- 4)| = 7
L = 5 x 7 = 35 m
10 40 .
4 1 4 2 ) ( Sag Curve
)(2
L = Ks x A ..2

= L

 )Ks = (9
= A

40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120

)(Ks
8
12
18
25
32
40
51
62
73

) ( : 40 / 3 -3 +
.
) (9 K s 40 / 8
A = | (-3) - (3 ) | = 6
m L = 6 x 8 = 48
50 .

5
Horizontal Alignment
5 1 Superelevation
Superelevation

). (3

:
= R
/ = V
= f
/ = e
) ( 100 / 4

) (11 0.12
)(3
492 10 500 .

 ) (10

)/
) /(
(
0.10
0.08
0.10
0.08
0.12
0.08
0.12
0.10

) (11

/
0.17
40
0.16
50
0.15
60
0.14
70
0.14
80
0.13
90
0.12
100
0.11
110
0.09
120
0.09
130
140

0.08

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

55
90
135
195
250
335
440
560
755
885

50
85
125
175
230
305
395
500
655
785

45
75
115
160
210
275
360
455
595
700

1100

965

860

45
70
105
150
195
255
330
415
540
635
770

5 1 1

) ). ((6


) ) (7)( (8

=A

, =B
=C

=D

 5 1 2 Superelevation Development
.
Transition Curve .

).(12
5 1 3
) (
.

.



.
) (12

) / (
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140

)(
0.74
0.66
0.59
0.54
0.50
0.47
0.44
0.41
0.38
0.36
0.34

)(4

= L
) /( =e
= w
) r = ( 12
)( 80 / 7.30
0.10 /
) (4 73 .
)( 50
30 .
5 2 Transition Curves

 ) (

.

.
.
:
) L = 0.0702 V3 / ( RXC

=L
) /(
=V

=R

)(

=C

)/ -1)( 3
(3

5 3
) ( 10 9
) .( radians

5 4 Curve Widening
.
) (14 .
). (11

 5 7
.


.
:
.1

.
.



.
.2
.

.
.3 .
.

.
.4
150 5
30 .
.5 .




.

 .6

1.5 .
.7



60 .
.8 )
(




500

.
. 250 .
.9
.
.


.10
500 1000
.

6
.

.
) ( .


.
6 1

0.5
.
0.3 .
.
) (15
). (16

 6 2
.
.
.

.

7
Vertical Curves


.
.

.

7 1 Heavy Grades
) (Profile
) . ( ))
passenger car
.
7 2
10 ) ( Profile
.
7 3
5.5

10 .

 7 4

7 5

.
) (15 .

7 6
:
.1



.

 .2

.

.

.

.
.3 )
(
.
.4



.
.5
.
.
.6 .

8 .
.

.
.

.
8 1 .

.


.
:

.



.

:
.1


.
.2
.

.
.3



.
.4
.
.
.
.
.5


.
.6

.
8 2

.


2500 :1 2000: 1 1000:1
.
.

.








.

.
.


.

 .

.

9
9 1

.
.

.

3.65 3.35
.
9 2


.
.

.. 1.5
.
9 3


.

.
) (Shoulder
. 2.50
6.50 .

3.00
.
9 4 Frontage Roads


.
9 4 1 Location Of Frontage Road

. .
9 4 2 Outer Separation

.
.

 9 4 3 Terminals
.

9 5


).(17 ) (18
) (17 .

2.50
1.25

2.00

..

) (18

)( )(
3.25
2.50

3.65
2.50

3.65
2.00

) ( 22 18

 9 6 Side Slope

. ) (19
) (1 :2 .

) (

)(

1:3
1:6
1:3
1:6
1:4
1:6

10
1: 4
1: 4
1: 4
1: 4 1: 6 1:6

1:2
1:3
1:2
1:3
1:3
1:4

1-3
1: 3
1: 3
1: 4
1: 4 1: 4 1: 4

1:2
1:3
1:2
1:3
1:2
1:3

53
1 : 1.5 1: 3
1: 3
1: 4 1: 3 1: 4

1:2
1:2
1:2
1:2
1:2
1:2

5
1 : 1.5 1:2
1:2
1:3
1:2 1: 3

10
.
.
.
.

. .
.
10 1 :

22.5 15
1 3
2 8


. 50 60
.
10 2 .

10 15 1:1 1:2

.

) (23 .

11 .
.

1.5 .

.


.

12 .


.

.
.
.
.

.
.

.
.
.

.

 .



50
.
.


.
.



.

13 .

.



. .
13 1
3 12
) (Through Traffic



12
.

.



.
3 .
13 2

7 4
. 7
4 8
.
) (
3 1
3 1 2
.
13 3


.

.
13 4
.



.
)
(
.
.

.
5


.

.
)
( 0.50 0.60
.

14
GEOMETRIC DESIGN OF ROUNDABOUT

.

60 40
)
60 ( .
14 1 FLARE DESIGN AT ENTRY
) ( Approach Lanes
30 95 . )
. (24
14 2 ENTRY WIDTH

3.65 4.60 .
.
. ).(25
14 3 CIRCULATING WIDTH


.

 ) ) . ((26
. ) ( ROUNDABOUT
15 28
.

14 4 INSCRIBED CIRCLE DIAMETER

. 30.5 WB -
50
) ) ( (27 .
14 5 EXITS
.

.
14 6 SPLITTER ISLANDS
.
. ). (28
14 7 DEFLECTION
.
45 / .
:
.
.
. )(29

.
) 2.15( 131 .
48/ . )(30
.
) (
. ). (31

 14 8 :
40 48 /
. ) (20
.

) ( 20

)/(
20.00
24.00
32.00
40.00
48.00

) (
18.50
30.50
55.00
88.50
131.00

14 9 SIGHT DISTANCE
.
). (32

) : (1
.

) : (2 ) ( YIELD
.
) : (3
YIELD.
14 10 INSCRIBED CIRCLE DIAMETER
29 91.4 .
) ( BUS 29
40

 50
) ... ( . ) (33
.

:
.
.
) 1 ( 2 .
.
1 .
.
.

) ( 21 )(

) (
91.4
85.3
79.2
73.2
67.1
61.0
57.9
54.9
51.8
48.8
45.7
42.7
39.6
36.6
33.5
30.5
29.0

) ( ) (
6.60
5.20
6.60
5.20
6.90
5.20
7.00
5.30
7.30
5.30
7.60
5.50
7.80
5.50
8.10
5.60
8.40
5.80
8.70
5.90
9.10
6.10
9.60
6.20
10.20
6.4
11.1
6.70
12.3
7.00
*
7.00
*
7.20

* ) (

15



.

.
15 1 Flexible Pavement
1 1 15 :

.
15 1 1 1 :

.
15 1 1 2 :

.
.
SN PT
) ( = 2.5 ) ( =. 2.00
18000 ) 80000 ( ) (22
.


:
= 365x (LF x A ) x T x GF x ADT
:
= ADT .
= A ) ( .
= GF .
= T .
= LF ) (
). (22

15 1 1 3 C B R

) (CBR
3
0.10
) CBR= 100
( ) (CBR .

 15 1 1 4 .


) (
.
) (23

) (
2
4
6

) (
50
45
40

15 1 1 5 .

10 30 15
.
15 1 1 6 .


4 2
. ). (24

15 1 1 7

.



.
15 2 :

). (AASHTO
15 2 1 )(Mr


.

) (CBR
) (Mr ) (CBR :

Mr = 1500 x CBR PSI

10
CBR 10

). (27

) (Marshall ) (Hveem
). (25
15 2 2 :

. 2.5
2.0 .
4.2 4.5 .
) : (25 ) (a1
20

) / ( 2
125.000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000

)(
500
750
975
1200
1400
1600
1900

0.22
0.25
0.30
0.33
0.36
0.39
0.42

Hveem
80
95
120
130
155
175
190

) ( 26 m3 , m2 .

1.0
1.25 1.15

0.60
1.05 0.80

) (27 ) (a3 ) ( a2
)(Mr

Mr
2
Mr
) )
/ ) (a2 / 2
(a3
(CBR
13000
0.095
20
13500
0.100
25
14500
0.11
30
21000
0.105
16000
0.120
40
25000
0.120
17500
0.125
55
27000
0.130
70
30000
0.140
100

 15 2 3 ).(SN


a3 , a2 , a1


) (SN :
SN = a1 t1 + a2 m2 t2 + a3 m3 t3
t3 , t2 ,t1 m3 , m2
) (a2 ) (a3
) (CBR

) (27
20 . ) (25
m3 , m2

24
m3 , m2 )
(26
15 3 .
) (SN
) (34
AASHTO 95
0.45 :

.1 )( ).(1
.2 )(Mr )( ) (2
) (2 ) (1 )( ).(3
.3 ) (PSI
)( .
.4 ) (3 )
(PSI ). (4
.5 )( ) (5
). (SN3
.6 ) 1 ( 5
). (SN 2
.7 ) 1 (5
). (SN1
.8 .
SN1
) ( =

=t1

a1
SN2
a1 t1
) (
=t
2
=
a 2 m2
SN3 a1 t1
a2 t2 m2
) ( = = t 3
a3 m3

) : 1 (
15 3 1 .
) (28
.
) ( 28

)
< ( 9

)
(9-5

5
15

5
15

5 5
5 5

20 25
5 5
5 5

25 30
5

7

35

5

5 5

) 30
30
( 5-2

15 4 :
3 15 2000
/ . 2 :

) (

1 2 3 4
1

2
) (

) 4 (

20

4
:

 .1 55
.2 . 70
.3 = 400000 / .
:
1 ) (22 :

) (

) 2 (

) 4 (

0.0033

0.052

:
20 2000
= ) 22 = (0.052+0.0033
100

= 22
15 2
) (24 17.95 4
) 45 ). ( (23
= 3650.4517.95 22
= 64862.325
2 .
.
) (25
a1 = 0.42

) ( 27 = . 55
a3 = 0.125 Mr = 17500 / 2

) (27 = . 70
a2 = 0.130 Mr = 27000 / 2
3
= CBR 1500
= 6000 = 4 1500 / 2 ) (31
2.5 4.5 :
= SN3 = 2.70
= SN2 = 2.00
= SN1 = 1.75
:
1.75
= t1 = 10.57 = 4.16 = 11
0.42
)2
0.42
(4.16
= t2= 1.4 10 = 4
0.13

 t3
=

0.42-(40.1301)-2.7
4.16
0.125

=10=4 =3.46

5 7 10 10
.

:

60 / 20 ) ( 35
:
.
.

.
.

) ( 3 60/ e % 4
f 0.15 149.19 . 150 .

115.00 P.C. ( Curve # 1) 310.19

195.19
Sta. 0+195.19

) (37 .

)(%4+) (400+0
) (520+0 ) (% 3 - )(1
L = Kc x A
) (8 60 / c K = 18
= X { (+4) - (-3)} = 126 18 .
160 .

 ) (38 .

) (1 20 )(39

) (2 100 ) )( (40

:
.1 ) 2-2 2-1 (
.2 ) (
.3 ) (
A POLICY ON GEOMETRIC DESIGN OF HIGHWAYS AND .4
(STREETS 1994 (AASHTO