Professional Documents
Culture Documents
:
www.islamismscope.com
: /
. - -
. .
-
-
.
.
:
.. :
.
l
.
.. .
. " ".
.
" " " " -
- "
"
.. :
"" )
(.
. - -
- -
.
" :
!
. " ..
.
"
" " " :
..
.
"
".
)( " :
" .
.
. .
:
..
.. ..
. .
"
" . .
"" ""
. . .
: - -
.
. .
- -
.
29/01/1422
23/04/2001
.
.
..
.
.
..
. :
:
.
.
.
:
. " "
:
***
***
.
.
:
.
.
. -
.
.
"" .
!
.
.
" " .
.
. - .
*****
:
" : " " "
.
. .
:
.
:
. :
.
:
.
:
.
:
:
.
:
.
:
.
*****
.
:
:
. :
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
:
.
:
-
.
: .
.
.
:
.
. -
.
.
.
.
:
.
.
.
.
.
:
.
.
.
:
.
.
. .
.
.
*****
:
. "
" .
.
.. .
: .
-
.
-
" " .
..
.
.
1940 1990
. 1989 / .
.
.
.
1420
.
.
.
.
.
.
" " .
.
-
.
.
.
.
.
:
.
*****
..
..
.
-
.
- -
.
07 1422
29 2001
" .
"
.
.
:
:
.. ""
""
:
. "" ""
- -
. "
" " " .
.
:
? :
: .
?
. .
?
.
?
: .
? .
.
.
? - -
.
?
.
? :
.
? .
.
?
. - -
.
.
.
.
***
:
*** )(1
:
***
***
***
*** )(2
.
:
***
*** )(3
)(4
)(5
.
:
***
*** )(6
***
)(7
***
*** )(8
*** )(9
. " " :
***
*** )(10
.
"
..
. :
" ) . (11
:
:
" ] [
- - .
": "" )(12
. "
" ) . (13
- -
.
. "" " :
!!" ) . (14
- - :
.
.
" " ) . (15
- - .
:
. " :
fresh
ideas " ) . (16
.
.
.
.
" : ""
" ) . (17
. :
.
" :
. (18) " ..
.
:
- - " :
. " .. :
..
.
:
***
***
"-"
.
!
.
- -
. - -
. .
" :
" ) . (19
.
" :
.
.
. " ). (20
.
- -
.
.
...
.
..
.
- -
.
.
.
. " :
] [ )( )(
" ) . (21
.." : ]= [
]= [
. " ) . (22
" :
" ) . (23 "
.
. (24) " ..
.
-
- "
:
.
" ). (25
"
") . (26
.
)( )( :
)(27
***
- "" -
" " ) . (28
" " " " ) (29
.
.
.
- -
- - ..
- -
.. .
:
. -
- .
.
" " " "
.
.
: .
) (30
.
. " ")(31
) . (32
" :
] [
" ) . (33
.
.
. .
. - -
.
. - -
. - -
- - "
") .(34
- .
. " " - " . ."
" " ) . (35 " " -
- " :
") (36 .
- -
.
1991 "" " :
" ) (37
.
-
- .
.
.
"" " :
" "") . (38 ""
" "
"
" ) (39 ""
..
. ":
" )
" "
. (40
" : " La Sale Guerre " :
.
.
" :
" ). (48
" :
" ) (49 .
.
. . . . " "
"
" " ") (50
.
.
. - -
.
.
.
.
.
.
:
.
. "
] [
%100 " ) . (51
:
%100
" "
%100
.
. :
***
***
*** )(52
" :
" ). (53
.
. :
.
. "
" .
:
: .
.
":
" ) (54 " : " ) (55
.
.
.
.
.
" " ) (56
.
.
.
" " . "
" - - .
.
.
- - ..
.
" " " " .
.
.
- -
:
? : " : " ). (57
- -
. .
" : .
" ). (58
? )( : -
- " : " )
. (59 - -
)( )( .
.
-------------------------------
) -(1 : " " 78 : :
1989
) - (2 92
) - (3 77
) - (4 99
) - (5 180
) - (6 107
) - (7 132
) - (8 145
) - (9 261
) - (10 118
) - (11 : 54 .
1985
) - (12 155
) - (13 156
) - (14 63
) - (15 " : " ) "
1989 (137
)Milton Viorst : In The Shadow of the Prophet p. 230 - (16
) - (17 : 49
) - (18 : )19 " : "
" " (277
) - (19 232
"
"
.
- - .
- - .
.
.
. :
:
. :
. " :
" ). (1
.
.
.
:
? "
?
..
?
..
? ][
").(2
.
.
" :
. .
" ) . (3
"
.
" ) . (4 " :
.
" ). (5
..
.
.
" " " "
" :
.
" ). (6
" : "
. ) (1974
" " " ".
" :
" ) . (7
" :
]=[ " ). (8
- "" -
. "" " " . "
" )
. (9
- - ) . (10
" "
" :
"
) . (11 " : .
" ) .(12
:
" :
. " ). (13
:
..
.
" :
" ) . (14
" : -
-
- - -
- .
" ) . (15
" :
" )" (16
"
)"(17 " ). (18
.
" : .
- - " ). (19
" "
.
:
:
? .
? .
? .
? "
" ). (20
? ). (21
.
" :
.
" ). (22
" " ) (23
"
" ).(24
" " ) . (25
. "" ""
" "
). (26
"
" - " -
" ) . (27
.
. " " " :
. .
" ). (28
:
.
.
" " .
"
- - - -
" ) (29 .
.. " : ]
[ ] [
) ( ) (
.
" ).(30
" : ] [..
] [
][ ] [
)( : .
" ) . (31
" .. " )(32
.
:
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
"
" ) . (33
.
:
.
"" . "
" ) (34
.
"
" ) (35 .
"
") (36 "
" ).(37
. "
" ) . (38
.
:
" " ) (39
"
" ) (40 "
.
") . (41
"
" ) (42 "
!! ") (43
.
" :
.
" ) . (44
" :
" ) . (45
.
patriarchal - -
) . (46 - -
" :
:
" ). (47
:
.
" : .
" ) " .(48
" ) . (49 - -
.
" :
..
" ) . (50
- -
. " :
:
.
.. . " )
. (51
:
"
" ) . (52
.
. "
:
" ) . (53
. " " " :
][
.
.
" ) . (54
" :
" ). (55
- -
"" " :
.
. " ) . (56
.
.
"
" ). (57
" " )
(58
.
.
) (59
" " " :
") . (60
.
.
.
:
.
. :
:
-
- - -
"
" ) . (61
"
") .(62
" :
" ) . (63
- -
.
- -
" : ] [ ...
] [
" ) . (64
: " "
" : ][
" ) . (65
.
: " - " "
- " "
] [
""
" " " "
" ) . (66
. - -
.
.
:
. - -
. - -
. " " "
.. )( " ) . (67
" .
" ) . (68
" : ..
. ) ( ) ( )
(") . (69 " : 25 1979
" ) . (70
.. .
.
- -
""
"" .
) " : "
( .
:
" :
- -
") . (71 "
][ " )
. (72 - -
" "
" "
.
" " -
-" "
. " : " "
" " " ) . (73
.
" "
.
"
" ) . (74
"
][ " " )
(
11 15 8 ]
[
") . (75
"
" "
" " . ][ -
- " )
. (76 " "
: ) (11/12/1955-10
" : ") . (77
"
" ). (78
:
" " )
" (79 " ) . (80 "
") .(81
" - -
" ) (82
. - -
.
" : -
- .
" ) (83 .
- -
.
. " : " .." :
" ). (84
:
.
. "
.
: .
.
] [ " ) . (85
"
.
" ). (86
:
)( :
.
.
.
.
":
][ ][ " ) (87
.
.
"
"). (88
.
. .
- -
.
- - 19/07/1971
.
.
.
" .
" ) . (89
.
:
*" ..
* ]
[
.
* : ][
* ] [ ..
*
. (90)" ..
:
* .
.
*
.11/11/1965
"
" ) (91
" " " :
] [ :
" "
. " "
" ). (92
"
: 3179
" ). (93
. 1989
" /30 1989/
.
" ). (94
1989 "" ""
.
" :
:
*
*
*
* .
*
*
* " ). (95
" "
.
" "
). (96
1971
: 1989
*
*
*
*
.
- -
.
. 1985
.." :
. 1971
1971 .
-
- .
" ) (97 " :
.
: -
. " ). (98
- -
.
:
: . " -
-
. ]= [
" ) . (99
.
---------------------------------
) - (1 . : ) (1969-1944 8 .1982
: ) (
1982 " . "1982
) - (2 . : ) (1985-1969 176-175
1999
)Abdelwahab EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution, Islam and power in Sudan - (3
Gray Seal - London 1989 p. 182
)EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p. 164 -(4
) - (5 : 100 .
- -
" : "
-
.) - (6 60-59
) - (7 . : 1983
) - (8 . : 23
.1991
)Abd Assalam Sid'Ahmed : Islam and Politics in Contemporary Sudan p.127 - (9
Martin's Press New York 1996
) - (10 : 32 EL-Affendi : Turabi's
Revolution p.169
) - (11 1/11
) - (12 : 53
) - (13 51
) - (14 20
) - (15
) - (16 32
) - (17 43
) - (18 48
) - (19 53
) - (20 2/191 3/128 1/311 1/357 3/11
. 3/217
) - (21 :
EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p.168-169
) - (22 . : : / / 59
1992
) - (23 60
) - (24 : 22
) - (25 : 95
) - (26 "" T. Abdou Maliqalim Simone : In :
whose Image? Political Islam and Urban Practices in Sudan p. 162 The University
of Chicago Press 1994
)EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p. .52 - (27
)Graham fuller in : the Islamism Debate p. 148 - (28
) - (29 . : ) (1969-1944 110 .1982
) - (30 98
) - (31 101
) - (32 105
)Graham E. Fuller & Ian Lesser : A Sense of Siege, The Geopolitics of Islam - (33
and the West p. 192 ed. Westview Press USA 1995
) - (34 : 81
) - (35 6
) - (36 54
) - (37 : 113
1994
) - (38 : 56
) - (39 83
) - (40 : ) (1969-1944 128 1982
) - (41 : 61
) - (42 : 119
) - (43 117
) - (44 : 84
)EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p. 162 - (45
) - (46 Milton Viorst : In the Shadow of the Prophet p. 138 :
) - (47 : 22
) - (48 : 61
) - (49 74
) - (50
) - (51 : 48
) - (52 : ) (1985-1969 156
) - (53 223
) - (54 291
) - (55 : 33
) - (56 : 126
) - (57 : ) (1985-1969 76
) - (58 195
) - (59 . " : "
.
) - (60 : 294
)EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p. 51 - (61
) - (62 : 25 EL-Affendi p. 67
) - (63 : 27
) - (64 21
) - (65 : ) (1985-1969 156
) - (66 : 9 1982
) - (67 46 1984
) - (68 : ) (1985-1969 112
) - (69 : ) (1969-1944 92 1982
) - (70 : ) (1985-1969 117
) - (71 : 25 Jean Gueyras : Au Sudan, le
(pouvoir Islamiste se consolide (Le Monde Diplomatique , Juillet 1994 p. 6
)Peter K. Bechtold : Politics in the Sudan : Parliamentary and Military Rule - (72
in an Emerging African Nation p. 89
Ed. Praeger Publishers, London - Washington - New York 1976
)EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p. 67 - (73
)Peter K. Bechtold : Politics in the Sudan p. 89 - (74
) - (75 : 67-66 1982
) - (76 ) 67(
) - (77 45-44
) - (78 : 25
) - (79 25
) - (80 61
) - (81 60
) - (82 61
) - (83 60
) - (84 : 180
) - (85 : 61
) - (86 : 35 37
) - (87 : 185
) - (88 : 127 1982
) - (89 : 278
1993
) - (90 : ) (1985-1969 58-57
) - (91 : 278
)Peter K. Bechtold : Politics in the Sudan p. 268 - (92
) - (93 : ) (1985-1969 59
)Jean Gueyras : Au Sudan, le pouvoir Islamiste se consolide (Le Monde - (94
(Diplomatique , Juillet 1994 p. 6
) - (95 : 27
) - (96 ,Sudan in Crisis :
The Failure of Democracy P. 6 Ed. University Press of Florida USA 1999
)Mansour Khalid : Nimeiri and the Revolution of Dis-May p. 373 - (97
)Mansour Khalid p. 367-368 - (98
) - (99 : 70
"
"
.
. :
.
:
. -
- . " :
" ) (1 -
- " :
. ..
.
.
.
-
- . - -
" )
. (2
.
.
.
:
.
.
. "" L'incarnation
: .
- -
.
" : .
.
!!
. ").(3
. :
.
" : .
.
" "
" ). (4
.
. " :
.
" " .
.
.
" " " "" ) . (5
" "
" : .
.
. " ). (6
- - 1980 "
" "
" - (7) - .
: ) ( ) (
) . (8
" :
.
"). (9
:
***
*** )(10
"
.
.
. " ). (11
.
" ") . (12 -
- :
. :
.
: " " ) (13
. .
"
][
" ) (14 " :
] [ ) ( .
-
-
1958 1961" ).(15
"
.
.
" ). (16
- -
.1989
.
:
?
.
? . - - "
" ). (17
?
.
?
.
" ][ " )
. (18 " " )
(19 .
"
" :
?
. - - .
?
.
. "
"). (20
.
. .
.
. .
.
" :
- -
]=[ " ) . (21
"
:
" ). (22
.
). (23
" "
.
" " 1940 -
" -
21 -
- ][
][ )
(
:
.
" )" (24 ) (
" ). (25
" " "
" ). (26
" ) (")
. (27 - -
.
" : ) ( - -
.
.
- -
)
( .
" ). (28
" " " :
- ) ( -
)( )(
: 21/11/1953
") .(29 :
? " "
"" .
?
.
" "
.
.
" "
.
.
.
" "
.
.
.
" " - - - -
) . (30 !!!
.
".
.
").(31
- -
.
: "
][ .
.
" ). (32
.
" : ] [
.
" ) . (33
. .
:
? 1974 " "
" " "
.
" ). (34
? " ][
.
.
%40 " ). (35
? ": "
"
] ..[
. . (36) "1975
? " 1982
] [ " ). (37
? 9/3/1985
"
" ). (38
" " :
" " ). (39
.
"
" ) . (40 - -
: .
.
.
.
- - "
. " ). (41
:
? " " ) . (42
.
- -
? " " ) (43 :
.
" :
" ) . (44 )(
)(
" .
" ). (45
" ? :
.
...
?
" ). (46
" :
.
" ) .(47
" " ). (48
:
* - -
. "
" ). (49
*" :
.
" )" . (50
" ). (51
*
"
" ). (52
*
.
) . ( .
* "
" ). (53
:
.
.
.
""
""
" " ]=[ - -
.
:
:
.
:
.
.
.
:
.
" :
..
.
" ) . (54
" : - -
- - .
-
- " ) . (55
..
.
.
:
. " :
" ) (67
.
" ]=
[ " ). (68
" "
) (69 .
:
* .
"
.
" ). (70
*
.
.
"
" ). (71
* :
. :
.
* :
" .
" ). (72
*
.
.
.
.
* " "
.
" " " "
"
" ). (73
* .
.
: " .
.
" ). (74
*
.
- - . "
.
" ) . (75 "
" ). (76
" :
" ). (77
. " :
") . (78
" ]=
[
" ) . (79
.
1984 "
. :
*
* .
][ ][ " )
. (80 :
.
. -
- .
-
- .
"
" )" (81
" ). (82
" " " " .
:
" :
) (
] [1989) (
.
.
) (
) - - ( .
- - -
. )( )( ] [
" ) . (83
.
" :
. ] [ )
( .
.
" "" ) . (84 " -
-
- - .
" ) . (85
.
- -
" " " "
.
- -
" : -
-
" ). (86
:
:
*"" :
.
*"" : .
). (87
:
. -
- .
.
.
1941
"" )
. (88 "" "" " "
" " .
. - -
- -
.
. " - -
""" )" . (89
" "
" ). (90
) (1971-1941
) . (91) (2500
) (5723 - "" - )
. (92) (305792 - -
.
- -
.
.
-
-
.
: 1988 1990
. 1993
""
)( . -
" - " )(
" " " " : " " .
.
.
. " :
][
.
"
" :
" ) . (93
. 1997 .
) . (94
.
.
.
" " . :- - -
. :
: -
.
. .
" " " :
" "
.
)( .
" ) . (95 - "
" -
" : :
.
) ( .
" ) . (96
.
: -
.
:
* " " ) (97
" " ) .(98
.
*
.
* - -
.
*
.
*
.
.
:
*"
*
* " ). (99
. "
. ]=[
.
.
. " ). (100
" "
.
"
" ) . (101 "
" ) . (102 "
" ) . (103 :
.
:
- -
. "
" ) . (104 -
-
. .
" "
.
" " 2 1976 .
- -
" :
1976
.
" ). (105
"
" )( " " . 1948
) ( .
.
. " " " " - ""
- .." :
"" .
.
][ - -
.
" ). (106
" "
" : .
.
. (107) " ..
!
!
.
.
----------------------------
)-(1 : 101
) - (2 46
) - (3 " : " ) "
(259
) - (4 : 75
) - (5
) - (6 : 22
) - (7 45
) - (8 : 67
) - (9 215
) - (10 : 78
) - (11 : 75
) - (12 " " . Nahman Tal ::
The Islamic Movement in Israel " " -
- ) (www.tau.ac.il/jcss/links.html 2000
) - (13 : 122
) - (14 : 26
) - (15 54
)AL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p. 65 - (16
)Abdelwahab AL-Affendi : Studying my movement : Social Sciences without - (17
cynicism
)(in : International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 23, 1991 p. 85
) - (18 : 67
)AL-Affendi : Studying my movement - (19
) - (20 : 122
) - (21 67
) - (22 123
) - (23 " :
" " : " .
) - (24 " : ) ( . 217-216
.
) - (25 217
) - (26 212
) - (27 216
) - (28 228
) - (29 229
) - (30 " : "
) - (31 : 124
) - (32
) - (33 : ) (1985-1969 210
) - (34 152
) - (35
) - (36 76
) - (37 127
) - (38 208
) - (39 209
) - (40 : 10
) - (41 : 90
) - (42 : 134
) - (43
) - (44 328
) - (45 : 78
) - (46 : 135
) - (47
) - (48 : 76
) - (49 57
) - (50 97
) - (51 57
) - (52 98
) - (53 94
)- (54 77
) - (55 : 81
) - (56 : 76
) - (57
) - (58 51
) - (59 : 199
) - (60 143-142
) - (61 : 25
) - (62 : 50
) - (63 49
) - (64 :
26-25
) - (65 : 44
) - (66 29-28
) - (67 : 153
) - (68 147
) - (69 : 50
) - (70
) - (71 74
) - (72 50
) - (73 29
) - (74 62
) - (75 48
) - (76 51
) - (77 62
) - (78 : 228
) - (79 170
) - (80 161
) - (81 : 28
) - (82 32
) - (83 " : ) ( 255-254
) - (84 246
) - (85 255
) - (86 : 91
) - (87 Dr. Kalim Bahadur : The Jamaa't -I- Islami of Pakistan, :
Political Thought and Political Action p. 146-147
) - (88 Dr. Bahadur p. 13 :
)Oxford Encyclopedia 2/357 - (89
)Dr. Bahadur p. 147 - (90
. - -
.
.
.
.
.
" : - -
.
" ). (1
- -
""
""
.
"" "" ..
.
:
* : 1928
. 1941
* .
.
*
.
*
.
. :
*
.
* - -
.
:
* .
* .
* .
) :(
8/9/1945 1948 /30/1
.2/11/1951
)( :
)( :
? " :
" ).." (2
" ) (3"
" ). (4
? :
" " )" . (5
..
" ) . (6 "
- 1948 - 1954 146
. (7) "1953
? "
" )" (8
.
" ). (9
? " : ) (
.
" ). (10
? : - -
"
" )" . (11
" ). (12
? : "
" ) (13 " " )" . (14
" )" . (15
. (16) " ..
? " :
.
" )) (17
( .
? : "
" ) . (18 .
? " : " ) (19 " " ). (20
" .
" ). (21
? : . "
.. " ).(22
? : .
"
" ). (23
:
*
. .
" " ) . (24
.
" "
) (25 .
.
.
. :
.
* " " "
" ) . (26
. - -
" " .
. - -
.
* :
: .
"
][ " ) . (27
"
" ) . (28
"
" ) . (29
.
.
* :
.
.
.
.
- -
..
.
- - - - .
* .
)
( .
:
:
: .
:
.
*
. :
.
- -
.
. - -
.
.
.
" " .
* . " "
. - -
: " "
) (30 ) . (31
. " " : .
: ) (32
) . (33
.
* .
:
. -
- 1949 .
.
.
. :
) ( . :
.
-
- .
* -
-
.
) (
.
.
.
:
- -
" - -
" ) . (34
- "
1933 1935 1937
. 1939
.
" ) . (35
" "
.
. " .
) (12/2/1949
) - - -( . :
" ). (36
" :
- 1928 21) 1949( ..
. -
-
.
.
"" ]=[ " )
. (37
.
- -
.
.
) (
":
" ) (38 " : " ) (39
) (40 "
)( :
)( :
* : )(
.
* :
.
* : 70
) (
.
.
* : 15
.
* : .
.
.
(
* : )
.
* :
.
* :
.
* : . :
) / / / / / / / /
/ ( ""
.
* :
.
* : .
.
* :
.
* : .
* :
.
* : .
.
* : .
.
* : .
.
-
- :
* : . -
- .
* .
.
* .
.
.
). (41
- -
:
*
.
.
"" ""
.
- - . "
][
][" ) .(42 :
.
. )
( .
.
* . " "
. !!
.
) (
" "
. " "
. :
15 70 "
" !!
. "" -
-
.
) (
1982
.
.
) . (43 " :
") . (44
" :
" ). (45
.
. :
*"
.
* .
*
.
*
.
* " ). (46
- - .
:
)( :
)(
. :
:
*"
.
* .
*
.
*
.
* " )(47
.
:
*" :
.
*
.
*
. ) (58
]= [ .
*
.
*
"). (48
- - "
" ). (49
. " :
:
* .
* .
* .
* " ). (50
:
*"
.
? .
*
.
*
" ). (51
.
.
:
*"
.
* .
* .
:
*
.
* .
* .
* " ).(52
"
" ). (53
:
* ..
.
. (54) .
* .
.
1982 "
.
" ) . (55
) : "
" ( .
" ][
" ) . (56
). (57
:
* :
.
* : " :
" ). (58 )
(.
*" :
" ). (59
* :
.
" " .
* :
.
"
" ) (60
. .
* :
. " :
.
" )
. (61
* :
.
.
* :
. "
"). (62
"
" ) (63 .
* :
" ][ ][
.
" ) . (64 - - :
). (65
* :
. - - :
.
* :
. .
* : "" ""
.
* : "" ""
.
.
:
:
:
.
.
.
:
" .
.
.
" ) . (66
.
:
.
:
*" ..
* ..
* " ).(67
.
- - "
" ). (68
:
* " :
.
.
.
" ). (69
* :
""
"" . "
.
" ) (70 .
* " .
- -
. "
)" (71
"
) . (72
" ) ( ")
.(73
* : "
" ) . (74
" " )" (75
" ) . (76
.
* .
"
" ) . (77
" " ) (78
- - .
:
- -
. :
* " ][ -
-
" ) . (79
.
* :
.
"
" ) (80
.
* . "
" ) (81
.
* "
" ) . (82
.
* " :
) (
.
"
) . (83
.
* " .
" ) . (84
.
" . (85) "..
.
:
. :
* .
.
.
.
.
* : -
-
. -
-
.
. .
. ""
" " !!
:
" "
.
.
:
. -
. " " Think Tanks
.
.
1989 .
" : " )
( " "
.
"" ""
.
.
.. "
" .
:
. -
- / :
- -
. " : -
- -
- .
- - " ) . (86 :
" ] [1975
" : .."
" ) . (87 "
" ). (88
)(
.
"" .
"" ""
.
..
:
. !!
----------------------------------------
) - (1 : 65
)-(2 10
) - (3 11
) - (4 17
) - (5 33
) - (6 36
) -(7 : ) 175 1985
(
) - (8 27
) - (9 28
) - (10 37
) - (11 19
) - (12 26
) - (13 53
) - (14 54
) - (15 55
) - (16 56
) - (17 31
) - (18 9
) - (19 2
) - (20 . 3 40
) - (21 11
) - (22 25
) - (23 29
) - (24 33
) - (25 34
) - (26 61
) - (27 44
) - (28 25
) - (29 29
) - (30 37
) - (31 39
) - (32 43
) - (33 . 44 29 25 11 :
) - (34 " : ) "
(214
) - (35 209
) - (36 210
) - (37 214
)Dr. Kalim Bahadur : The Jamaa't -I- Islami of Pakistan , Political Thought - (38
and Political Action p. 42
)Assaf Hussain : Islamic Movements in Egypt, Pakistan & Iran p. 51 - (39
)www jamaat org - (40
) - (41 Dr. Bahadur p. 45 :
)Dr. Bahadur p. 147 - (42
) - (43 : 50-49
) - (44 51
) - (45 52
) - (46 ) 55 :
) (1985-1969 350-335
) - (47 58
) - (48 59
) - (49 : 64
) - (50 59
) - (51 61
) - (52 63-62
) - (53 : 64
) - (54 : : ) (1985-1969 151
) - (55 160
) - (56
) - (57 :
. 64 . AL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p. 112
) - (58 : ) (1985-1969 162-161
) - (59 158
) - (60 : 41
) - (61 : 68
) - (62 : ) (1985-1969 159
) - (63 160
) - (64 159
) - (65 : 159
) - (66 : 76-66
) - (67 64
) - (68 : 39
) - (69 : 77
)Greenleaf : Servant Leadership p. 170 - (70
) - (71 : 34
) - (72 72 77
) - (73 : 38
) - (74 66
) - (75
) - (76 63
) - (77 64
)AL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p. 63 - (78
) - (79 : 67
) - (80 : ) (1985-1969 105
) - (81 : 29
) - (82 67
) - (83 " : ) ( 256
) - (84 : 29
) - (85 . : 5 ) (
) - (86 : 69
) - (87 : ) (1985-1969 153
) - (88 : 21
""
.
.
.
.
- -
.
" " "
:
..
" ) (1 " :
..
- - .
") .(2
.
" " - -
" .
" ) . (3
" :
" ). (4
.
. "
] [ " ). (5
" " " "
.
:
:
. .
.
.
. .
" : :
. .
. " ) . (6
. :
. "
" ). (7
. "
" "
") . (8 ""
" " )" (9
- -
" ). (10
. " : -
-
. .. .
:
.
. (11) " ..
" "
.
.
:
:
.
" " )
(12 .
""
" " ) . (13
.
" "
" "
" " .
" " ) . (14
.
:
* "" ""
.
*
.
* "
.
" ). (15
*
. .
* .
" " ). (16
.
- "" -
- -
.
:
.
.
:
* .
*
.
*
.
*
.
.
.
.
.
- -
. :
* .
* .
:
) . (17
" : .
" ). (18
. :
. .
:
.
- -
: .
.
.
.
* " :
. - -
") (19
"
.
.
" ) . (20
.
.
) . (21
- -
.
* .
" :
.
.
-
-
-
- . 12/2/1949
19/10/1951
" ). (22
*
.
"
.
.
)(
.
. ") .(23
- - - .
. .11/8/1973
" :
] [ - -
) (
) - - - . -
..(
. .
. ..
""
.
. ""
][ " ). (24
.
.
- -1986
" :
" !! " :
] [1986
" ) . (25 : " "
!
" "
!
" :
" ) (26 " :
" ). (27
.
"
" ) (28
. "
" ). (29
:
" ] [
. ) (1969-1944
) / / / / / /
(
" ) . (30 1969
..
)( )(
. " : " ). (31
*
.
*
.
*
. - -
.
*
.
.
" "
:
.
.
:
*" " )
. (32
*" "
). (33
*" ") (34
.
* "
" ). (35
- -
:
: "
" )
. (36 :
.
.
.
.
" : -
- .
. .
" ) . (37
.
. "" " :
.
. -
- " ) . (38
""
.
.
. .
"
"). (39
: :
."
") . (40 -
- . "
" ) . (41
. " ..
") . (42
.
: " :
" ) . (43
.
" : -
- : .
" ) . (44
. " :
"). (45
: ":
.
.
")
.(46 "
" ) (47
"
.
" ). (48
: " : !!
" ) . (49
. " " " ] [
" ) . (50
" "
" " " " :
" "
- -
) . (51
(
)
.
" " -
-
. .
" :
.
" ) . (52
.
: " :
. ] [
" ) . (53 - - :
*" " ) (54 .
*" " ) (55
.
*
.
- -
" ][
" ) (56 .
.
: :
"
" ) . (57 :
* . ..
*
.
"
" ) . (58 : .
.
.
.
"
:
* .
*
- - " ). (59
.
.
. " :
.
.
.
" ). (60
.
:
*
.
*
.
* " .
- -
" ). (61
" " ) (62
.
- - . :
- - :
:
:
* .
*
.
:
* .
* .
:
* " " )(63
.
* .
:
* "
" ). (64
*
" " ). (65
]
"
[ " ) . (66
.
. :
*" " ) (67
"
" ) . (68 .
*" " ) (69
" " )
. (70 .
* "
" ) . (71
.
*" " ) (72 "
" ). (73
* - -
. - - .
*
. " :
.
" )(74
*
" " ). (75
.
" " . :
"
]=[ " )" (76
]= [
.
. " "
.
" ). (77
.
:
*
.
*
.
.
:
* :
.
*
.
.
* .
.
*
:
*
. .
* - -
.
.
:
: "
*
" ) (78 .
* - - " .
" ) (79 .
" :
]= [
. " ). (80
* :
"
" ). (81
* : " ][
. . ][
.
" ). (82
* " :
.
" ). (83
* " :
.
" ). (84
* : .
. "
.
" ). (85
. - - :
"
" ) . (86
) ( .
.
.
1962
"
" ) . (87
- - "
" ) .(88
.
.
.
.
.
" :
.
. ] [ ..
" ). (89
.
..
..
.
:
*
.
*
.
*
.
. " " ) (90
:
"
" ). (91
.
:
"
" ) . (92
" " ) . (93 "
" ) (94
) ( ) ( .
- -
"
" ) . (95
.
" " " " .
.
. " " ) . (96
-
- "
.
" ). (97
. " - -
" ) (98 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
" ] [
1953 " ) . (99
.
.
1964
. " :
.
.
" ). (100
1959 /11/ 9
. .
- -
..
.
" : ] [ -
-
..
][
] " " [
1955
" ). (101
- -
:
* ..
..
* ..
*
" " ). (102
:
* ] 5[..
* : .
* " ) (103 .
. 1962 "
:
* .
* .
*
* " )(104
*" -
" ). (105 .
.
"
1962 " ) (106 .
.
.
" : 61-60
.
" ). (107
- -
. 1982
. :
" :
* .
* .
* .
* " ). (108
..
.
.
!!
* - -
!!
*
!! - - !!
*
!!
*
.. !!
!!
" "
. - - .
:
*
.
*
.
:
*
.
*
.
.
- -
. " :
") . (109
) (110
- -
.
.
" ..
.
.
.
"). (111
.
:
*
.
.
* :
.
.
*
.
" -
- / / -
" ). (112
.
.
"
" ). (113
. " : " ). (114
-------------------------------------
) - (1 : 116
) - (2 119
)H. Dekmejian : Islam in Revolution p. 165 - (3
)Dekmejian p. 177 - (4
) - (5 . : ) (1969-1944 196
)Robert Greenleaf : Servant Leadership p. 66-67 - (6
)Greenleaf p. 68 - (7
)p. 69 Greenleaf - (8
)p. 68 Greenleaf - (9
)p. 67 Greenleaf - (10
) - (11 : 119
)p. 63 Greenleaf - (12
) - (13 . : "
346
) - (14 : ) " :
" (216
)65p. Greenleaf - (15
)Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic Word 2/108 edited by John - (16
Esposito, published by Oxford University Press, Newyork 1995
2/128
) - (17 EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p. 167:
)Dekmejian : Islam in Revolution p. 207 - (18
) - (19 : ) ( 247
) - (20 240
) - (21
) ( 227 -226 ) (238 ) (239
) - (22 : 220
) - (23 259
) - (24 236-234
) - (25 240
) - (26 240
) - (27 258
) - (28 : ) (1969-1944 192
) - (29
) - (30 175
) - (31 . : 98
) - (32 89
) - (33 88
) - (34
) - (35 90
) - (36 85
) - (37 85
)Dekmejian : Islam in Revolution p. 166 - (38
) - (39 : 85
) - (40 86
) - (41
) - (42
) - (43 86
) - (44
) - (45 87-86
) - (46 87
) - (47
) - (48
) - (49
)Dekmejian : Islam in Revolution p. 176 - (50
) - (51 Oxford Encyclopedia 2/128 :
) - (52 : 87
) - (53 88
) - (54
) - (55
)EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p. 177 - (56
) - (57 : 89
) - (58
) - (59 99
) - (60 100-99
) - (61 100
) - (62
) - (63
) - (64
) - (65 90
) - (66 100
) - (67 91
) - (68
) - (69 94
) - (70 91
) - (71 92
) - (72 94
) - (73 91
) - (74 : ) (1969-1944 194
) - (75 : 94
) - (76 : ) (1985-1969 201
) - (77 202
) - (78 : 100
) - (79 101
) - (80 101-100
) - (81 100
) - (82 : ) (1969-1944 193
) - (83 : 102
) - (84
)El-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p. 179 - (85
) - (86 : 190
) - (87 : ) (1969-1944 116
) - (88 192
) - (89 )144(
) - (90 : 104
) - (91
) - (92 72
) - (93
) - (94
) - (85 : 139
) - (96
) - (97
) - (98
) - (99 : ) (1969-1944 9 1982
) - (100 66
) - (101 59
) - (102
) - (103 60
) - (104 62-61
) - (105 193
) - (106 75
) - (107 192
) - (108 60
) - (109 3/515 13/331
***
***
.
.
.
.
"" :
* .
* " " .
* .
* ). (1
.
.
.
:
.
. - -
.
:
.
.
.
:
***
*** )(2
" :
" ). (3
""
"" . - -
.
.
:
- " -
") . (4
. -
- .
) . (5
.
- -
. .
" : - -
- -
.
.
" ) . (6
.
.
:
* ) (..
.
" " ) . (7
- -
.
" :
.
" ). (8
*
. -
" " - ""
"
. ..
- -
. (9) " .. "
"" "" ..
" ). (10
* ""
. "
" 1975 " :
" " - - " ). (11
"
").(12
- -
. .
.
.
:
* "
]= [ " ) . (13
" " )
. (14
* " "
.
"
" ) (15
.
* 11/11/1965
(16) 29/12/1965
. .
* "
. "
) . (17 " "
.
* . " "
. 2/7/1976 -
- " "
.
* .
). (18
.
.
..
*"
.
*
..
* .
*
..
* ..
" ). (19
" "
2/7/1976 ""
) . (20
" ] = [ ..
" ). (21
" " .
:
* " :
.
*
.
* ] [
"). (22
*"
*
* .
] [
" ). (23
- - . .
.
.
. :
*
. - -
). (24
*
"
" ). (25
* . "" " :
] [
][ " ). (26
*
.
). (27
. - -
.
.
" 1969-1965
][
" ). (28
. 11/11/1965
.(29)29/12/1965
.
.
:
:
- -
.
.
- -
.
" :
""
. ..
" ). (30
-
" " )
(31 " : " )(32
.
- - .
" 1969
.
" ). (33
"
][
" "
" ). (34
:
* .
.
.
* .
.
. .
.
* .
.
.
.
:
* "
" )(1964-1958
.
. (35) 1965
*
1970 )(
. "
" .
2/7/1976 .
*
. 1989
" " . -
.
. 1959
.
.
- " " -
1989 "
" ). (36
.
. .
.
: " :
") (37 " " )
. (38
.
.
.
.
1989 . :
*
). (39
* 20/2/1989 .
* )
. (40
- -
"
") . (41
.
.
- -
"
" ) . (42
.
:
- -
" " )" (43
" ) . (44
" :
"). (45
.
"
...
" ) (46 "
" ). (47
:
*
.
* .
*
" " ). (48
.
. .
1986 " 23 28
" ) . (49
- -
.
:
"
] [" ) . (50 "
" ) . (51 ""
- -
. :
..
.
.. :
*** )(52
:
***
)(53
***
:
*** )(54
" " :
..
). (55
" "
- -
) . (56
.
""
""
. ""
.. :
***
***
***
***
***
***
***
*** )(57
.
"" ) (58 .
.
""
.
"" "" " :
: " ). (59
.
"
.
" ) . (60
.
:
.
"
" " " ). (61
:
*
- -
.
*
.
* .
.
.
*
. .
* - -
.
*
.
* " " " "
. .
.
. - - .
.
.
"" ""
.
" :
") (62 " :
" ). (63
" :
" ) . (64
. " :
.
" )(65
.
. " :
:
*
.
*
. .
*
..
.
* .
.
*
][
" "
.
*
" ).(66
"
][ ][ -
- ").(67
"
" "
.. " ). (68
- -
.
.
.
.
) (69
- - ..
.
:
***
***
***
)(70
***
.
.
:
- - .
:
. "
.
.
. " ) . (71
. "
..
.
.. :
" ) . (72
.
" ][ ") . (73
"
" ) (74 .
"
" .
:
*"
*
* " ). (75
.
" :
" ) . (76
".. .. " ) . (77
" " ) (78
"
" ) . (79
.
.
. "
.
" ). (80
" : ] [
""
- -
. "
) . (81 .
.
:
.
.
:
" " ) . (82
.
.
.
.
" " ).(83
.
"
" . " " .
. ): (84
*
. .
.
* )
..( .
.
* .
- -
. .
.
*
.
.
" ") (85 .
* .
. .
.
* .
- - .
.
!!
.
" :
]=[ " :
" " " .
""
" ). (86
"
" ) (87
"
" - " -
" ) .(88 "
.
" ). (89
. " " " 1979 1984
" ). (90
:
* " .
" ) (91 "
" )(92
*" " ) (93
) . (94
. - -
" " .
* - -
).(95
.
:
- - "
" ) (96 "
][ " ) . (97
- - .
:
*" - -
.
.
*
* .
* . (98) "..
"
.
" ) . (99
.
"
.
" ) . (100
.
:
.
.
.
. "
. .
" ) . (101 "
" 1965 :
*"
*
*
")(102
*
*"
*
* " ). (103
. :
*" " ) (104
.
*" " )" (105
1980
" )
. (106
"
:
" ). (107
.
. :
*" .
* .
*
" ). (108
. .
:
" :
][
][
1928
" ). (109
.
. "
" 21/2/1965 " " "
) -(8 45
) -(9 108
) - (10 82
) - (11 77
) - (12 226
)EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p. 159 -(13
) - (14 Mohamed Omer Beshir : Revolution and Nationalism in the Sudan p. :
210-211 Harper and Row Publishers, INCUSA 1974
)Elhachmi Hamdi : The Making of a Islamic Political Leader, Conversations - (15
with Hasan al-Turabi p. 3 Westview Press, London, 1998
) - (16 : ) (1969-1944 84 1982
)EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p. 95 - (17
) - (18 G. Norman Anderson : Sudan in Crisis p. 171 :
) - (19 : ) (1985-1969 81
) - (20 Mansour Khalid : Nimeiri and the Revolution of Dis-May p. 151 KPI
Limited, London 1985 : ) (1985-1969 89
) - (21 : ) (1985-1969 95
) - (22 : 43
) - (23
) - (24 " :
: "
)Peter K. Bechtold : Politics in the Sudan p. 88 - (25
)P. M. Holt : A Modern history of the Sudan p. 183, from the Funj Sultanate - (26
to the present day, Grove Press, INC. New York 1961
) - (27 : ) (1985-1969 53-52
) - (28 : ) (1969-1944 83 1982
) - (29 84
) - (30 : ) (1985-1969 85
) - (31 201
) - (32 202
)EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p. 102 - (33
) - (34 : ) (1985-1969 201-200
) - (35 " : " " " 4/3/2001
) - (36
) - (37 60
) - (38 61
) - (39 . 1996
Elhachmi Hamdi : The Making of a Islamic Political Leader, Conversations with
Hasan al-Turabi p.7 "
" .G. N. Anderson : Sudan in Crisis p. 179 :
) - (40 Anderson : Sudan in Crisis p. 175 : ) (
) - (41 : ) (
) - (42 : ) (1985-1969 86
) - (43 : 132
) - (44 48
) "Mohammed Mahmoud : in "religion, nationalism and peace in Sudan - (45
" " 17-16 1997
) - (46 : 133
) - (47
) - (48
)Peter Woodward : Sudan (1898-1989) the Unstable State p. 207 Lynne - (49
Rinner Publishers, inc . USA 1995
) - (50 : 153
) - (51
) - (52 : 260
) - (53 94
) - (54 : 12/213 : 8/120
) - (55 : 271
) - (56 Oxford encyclopedia 3/131
) - (57 : 1/371
)Milton Viorst : In the Shadow of the Prophet p. 236 - (58
) - (59 : 174
) - (60 : 153
) - (61 154
) - (62 : 82
Simone : In whose Image p. 163
) - (63 83
) - (64 : 230
) - (65 : ) (1969-1944 94 1982
) - (66 : ) (1985-1969 195-194
) - (67 194
) - (68 : 155
) - (69 ,Elhachmi Hamdi : The Making of a Islamic Political Leader :
Conversations with Hasan al-Turabi p. 86
) - (70 : 82
) - (71 : 150
) - (72 151
)EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p. 124 - (73
) - (74 : 155
) - (75 154
)Milton Viorst : In the Shadow of the Prophet p. 119 - (76
) - (77 : 184
) - (78 " : " " " 11/20/2001
) - (79
"
"
.
:
* .
* .
.
" : " ). (1
.
:
*" ..
* " ). (2
" " - - "
. ]
[
" ). (3
.
.
- -
.
: -
- " "
.
:
* . " : ] [
" "
" ) . (4
. .
*
.
. " : :
":
" " ). (5
* .
" : ] [
] [ "" " :"" ) .(6
.
.
) (7
.
" .
" ). (8
"" "" .
. .
" : " ). (9
. "
" ) . (10
" :
" "" " ). (11
. .
.
. - -
.
:
. .
""
.
.
. - -
.
.
.
:
* 1959
- - .
.
* 1964
" - 1965 -
][ " )(12
.
*" 25 69 77-69
" "73
.. 76
* 77 .
78 . (13) "1985
.
.
1969
.
:
*"
.
*
" ). (14
- -
" " " "
" " " " "
"" " "
" ). (15
)" . (16 ] [
. (17) "1970
""
). (18
"
" ). (19
.
:
*
.
*
.
"
" ). (20
)( 1970
.
.
.
. "
"
"" ). (21
.
.
)(
.
.
)(
.
2 1976 .
)( - -
"
)( " ) . (22
" " ) . (23
"
" ). (24
.
- -
.
.
.
"
" )
. (33
) (34 .
"" .
- - .
.
" "
" . 25 1971
- " :
" - " "
.
" ) . (35 .
" " .
: " 1971
17
") .(36
. 19/7/1971
"
" . -
- .
.
:
* -
- .
. " " "
" ) . (37
.
" ] [ ": " ..
.
" ) (38
. .
*
.
"" " :
.
][ 7 (48)"1977
- -
" "" . . 1977 " " .
]= [
" "
: " ) . (49
.
*
.
) (51"
. (51) "1970 "
" ) (52 .
- -
.
.
- 1976 - .
"
(53) " ..
- - .
.
* " " )
(54 .
:
- -
.
. -
- "" " " .
. .
:
:
.
.
.
" ] [
" )
. (55 " :
" ) (56
)( .
"
" ) . (57
" :
" )" (58
.
"). (59
:
.
.
.
"
" ) . (60 -
- -
-
.
.
.
:
" :
. :
* ..
*
.
" )" (61
.
- - " ). (62
" " ) . (63
" ] [
" )
.(64 .
"
" ). (65
:
.
.
- - .
. .
" :
" )" (66
.
:
" ) . (67
:
* " " ) (68
.
*
" " ). (69
.
" " ). (70
:
1997
.
1991
" "
.
. "
. " ). (71
.
. " : " ). (72
: " "
"" " " .
"
" ) . (73
. "
" )" (74
" ). (75
" "
) . (76
.
" 1969
" : " " : "" ) (77
" " ) . (78
" "
" :
- - .
" "" ). (79
:
"
.
.
" ). (80
" " .
.
.
.
:
. " ][
") . (81
.
" . ][
]= [
] [
.
" ) . (82
"
" " .
" ). (83
:
*" " ). (84
*
.
*
). (85
*"
" ). (86
* "
" ). (87
* "
" ). (88
* .
" :
:
" ). (89
"
. .
") . (90
. "
" ) . (91 .
"
" ). (92
. "
" " :
") . (93
" " " " ) . (94
.
:
. :
*"
.
] [ " ). (95
*" ] [
..
" ). (96
*
: 1985
"" " .
" ). (97
*"
:
"). (98
* . "
. ]
[
" ) (99
.
.
:
.
. ":
" )
. (100 "
.
" ) . (101 .
"
- -
" ) . (102
1982 "
" ) . (103
.
. :
*" ][
..
.. 1976
*
.
" ). (104
* " 1982 %39.4
%11.6 %45.9
. 1982
" ). (105
*"
]= [ ] [
" ).(106
.
. "
] [
" ) .(107
.
:
.
"
" .
1987 " :
.
" ) .(108 " :
" ) . (109
" :
" ) . (110 "
:
. " ). (111
.
:
*
.
*
.
" : ""
] [
10
. 1986
" ) . (112
8 1988 1990 3
. (113) 1993
" "
.
. - -
.
. - -
.
. " :
"
" .
" )" . (114
" ) . (115
"
" ) . (116 :
* ..
* " " ). (117
. "
" " " .
"
" ). (118
:
. " "
.
:
. " ""
:
"
" ) . (119
.
. .
:
. .
.
.
:
/
- - - - - - - - - -
"
" ) (120 :
:
- -
. " :
.
) . (1977-1969
" : " "
" " " " " "
" ") . (121
.
" " ) (122
.
.
. "
") . (123
"
.
"
) . (124 "
"). (125
:
" " ) (126 .
.
.
. ""
" " "
" " " "" ) (127
.
:
*" .
* .
*
*
* .
*
* " ). (128
1986 - -
.
:
" :
" ) . (129 " : ]=
[
")
. (130
" " ) .(131 " "
" " ) (132"
" ) . (133 "
" ) . (134
.
"
" ) . (135 " ] 1989[
" ). (136
:
.
- -
" :
.
" ) . (137
" :
1898
.
" ). (138
.
:
.
.
.
.
"
" ) . (139 . . 1989
.
:
.
" " " : ]
[
" ) . (140
:
* :
.
* : - -
.
.
" " .
.
.
:
.
.
" :
..
" "
8 393 1987
" " 35 448 %17 .
%14.5 .1989
" ). (141
.
" : ]
[ "
). (142
10 1985
.
- -
.
" "
.
" " . -
- .
.
" "
- -
""
.
:
.
.
-
- . :
" ] [
) ( . .
.
) (
/32 . 1952 / :
.
. .
" :
" . . -
- -
- .
)
(
. :
.. ) (
. - -
.
) (
) (
" ) . (143
" :
] [ 20/9/1954
) ( .
.
) 9 3 (
.
. ][
.
.
" : ]= [
"" ). (144
.
.
.
---------------------------------
) -(1 : 3/74
)(Graham Fuller : Islamism in the Next Century (in the Islamism Debate p. 147 - (2
)G. Fuller : Islamism in the Next Century p. 148 -(3
) - (4 ) ( 14
1987
) -(5 17
) -(6
) -(7 Oxford Encyclopedia 2/126-127 2/380
) -(8 : ) 35 " :
" " " (270
) - (9 Viorst : In the Shadow of the Prophet p. 117
) -(10 . " : " "
" 329
) -(11 " " 26
) - (12 . " : " " " 4/3/2001
) - (13
) - (14 : ) (1985-1969 31
) - (15 68
)Edgar O'balance : the Secret War in the Sudan 1955-1972 p. 105 - (16
) - (17 : ) (1985-1969 37
)O'balance : the Secret war in the Sudan p. 105 - (18
) - (19 : ) (1985-1969 34
) - (20 33
) - (21 43
) - (22 42
) - (23
) - (24 49
)O'balance : the Secret War in the Sudan p. 108 - (25
) - (26 : ) (1969-1944 ) 73( 1982
) - (27 : ) (1985-1969 57
) - (28 49
) - (29 : 126
) - (30 134
) - (31 : ) (1985-1969 52
) - (32 53
) - (33 43
) - (34 Mansour Khalid : Nimeiri and the Revolution of Dis-May p.12
) - (35 : ) (1985-1969 56
) - (36
)Fransis M. Deng : War of Visions p. 18 - (37
) - (38 : ) (1985-1969 38
)Edward Mortiner : Faith and Power, The Politics of Islam p. 261 - (39
) - (40 : ) (1985-1969 60
) - (41 1987 4
) - (42 : ) (1985-1969 102
) - (43
) - (44 99
) - (45 103
) - (46 206
)Simon : In Whose Image 52 - (47
) - (48 : ) (1985-1969 100
) - (49 101
) - (50 O'balance : the Secret war in the Sudan p. 106
)Peter K. Bechtold : Politics in the Sudan p. 267 - (51
) - (52 : ) (1985-1969 71
) - (53 102
)Oxford Encyclopedia 3/198 - (54
) - (55 : ) (1969-1944 196
) - (56 : 195
) - (57
) - (58 35
) - (59 : 197
) - (60 . : "
" 260
)EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p. 114 - (61
)EL-Affendi p. 119 - (62
)"Mohammed Mahmoud : in "religion, nationalism and peace in Sudan - (63
196 : - (100)
197 - (101)
EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p. 114 - (102)
60 - (103)
104 ( 1985-1969) : - (104)
160 - (105)
- (106)
EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p. 114 - (107)
6 - (108)
" Mohammed Mahmoud : in "religion, nationalism and peace in Sudan - (109)
"
"
.
.
.
:
*"
..
* .
" ). (1
- -
.
. " :
" ). (2
- - " :
.
" ). (3
- -
" :
" ). (4
.
.
:
" ][
1948
.
" ) . (5
.
" ":
* " ][
..
*
.
*
..
.
*
*
.
..
* ..
*
.
*
..
*
. (6) "..
- -
.
" :
.
" ). (7
-
" - " " - -
" ) . (8
:
*
.
.
* - -
.
*
.
.
* "
" ) (9
. .
.
*
.
.
-1959
1964 "
.
") (10
.
.
.
"
" ) . (11 / - -
.
: "
" ) . (12
" " ) (13
" " ) . (14
.
" " ) (15
. :
* "
] " " [
: .
"
). (16
* "
.
.
" ) . (17
"
" ). (18
.
.
.
. .
:
:
.
": 1952 " "
" " ] [
. ][
" " -
" " "" . " "
]
[" ). (19
. - 12/8/1954
" " -
.
" : ] [ " "
" "
.
] [ "
" .
) (
" " .
") .(20
" :
" )
. (21 "
][ ][ " ) . (22
" " " ]
[ " )
. (23
.
.
:
: .
.
- -
. " " ) (24"
" ) . (25 "
.. " ) (26
" " ) . (27
" ") . (28
- -
.
" :
]=[ . :
" ) . (29 "
" ) (30
. -
" : ") (31
" : ][
)( ] [
%61
.
" ) . (32 " " )
(33
.
.
:
.
"
. ] [ " )
. (34
.
.
.
: .
-
-
"
.
" ) . (35 -
-
""
" : ""
" ) . (36
. -
- " - -
" ) . (37
.
.
- -
.
.
:
* .
.
* .
.
.
:
:
.
!! - -
.
" " ) (38
" : ) (
""
"). (39
:
.
"" "" " " .
.
.
" " :29/7/1982
- - :
* : "
" ). (40
* " :
. " ). (41
* :"
" ). (42
*" :
" ). (43
- -
"
") .(44
- -
" "
- " " -
. - -
. " "
:
*" . :
.. .
* .
.
*
.
* " ) . (45
" " "
" ). (46 :
* " " .
- " -
" .
!!
* " "
- .
"
(47) "1954 .
* " "..
.
! .
!!
* " "
.
..
*
.
.
- - !
* " "
.
""
""
..
. :
" " " ]= [
: .
:
) (1982-80
.
) 30 (
.
.
.
)(
:
- -
) 1967 12 ( ) 1982 30
( "
" " ). (48
.
.
" "
-
-
. :
* :
.
:
) ( ) (49
.
.
" ]= [
" ) . (50 -
-
- - !!
!!
"
.
" ) . (51 " " "
" ) .(52
!!!
* . .
" " ) (53
. "
" " " ) (54
. " "
- -
:
*" .
* ]
[
* ) ( " ). (55
.
" "
) (56 :
*" .
*
* " ). (57
- !
"
" ) . (58
.
* :
.
- " - " ) (59
"
]= [" ) (60 "
" ) . (61 .
" : ] " "[
. .
)( . - -
" ) . (62 - -
.
.
- - " " " :
8 ] [13
.
13 38
" ) . (63
- -
.
- - "
)(19
) (" ). (64
* :
.
" " " " ) . (65
.
.
" "
"
" ) (66 - -
"
" ) (67 " " " "
" ".."
"
" " ) (68
. " "
.
.
" ] [ " ) (69
.
.
" "
.
.
. " .
- -
. " ) . (70
.
:
: :
"
.
" ) .(71
."
" ) (72 .
.
"
]=[" ) . (73
.
"
").(74
.
" - -
] [
.
" ). (75
: :
.
. :
.
. "
.
. ][
.
" ) . (76
.
.
" : :
" ) . (77
"
" ). (78
:
:
.
- - " " ) (79
. "" " :
" ) . (80
.
.
.. .
"" .
: :
. " :
" ) . (81
.
"
" ) (82
.
.
: :
. .
.
.
- -
.
.
.
. "
- ][ -
") (83 .
"
" ). (84
. :
:
" 1980 ] [
:
. :
* ]
[
* .
* ] [ .
* . ][
][
] [ " ) . (85
" -
- " ) (86
.
- -
.
: " .
) (" )
. (87
.
:
. "
" ) . (88
"
.
" ). (89
" ": "
.
" ) . (90
"
. " ) . (91
"
" ) . (92
.
.
.
.
.
.
" " " :
" " - -
. ":
" ) .(93
.
.
" "
" :
.
:
.
] [
.
.
" ) . (94 " :
") .(95
.
" " "
"
). (96
"
"
. :
* - -
.
!!!
*
.
.
. .
.
* .
" " " "
1948
.
" " ) . (97 -
- .
" " " .
* " "
: " "
:
. " "
.
* .
.
.
"
" 1420 .
-
-
" " : .
:
.
--------------------------------
) -(1 : 8-7
)EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p. 166 -(2
) -(3 : : ) (1969-1944 146 1982
) -(4 : 152
) -(5 : 6 1982
) -(6 : 11- 9
) -(7 11
) -(8 . " : " " :
336
) -(9 : 28
) -(10 : 27
) - (11 5
) - (12 264
) - (13 271
) - (14 269
) - (15 270
) - (16 269
) - (17
) - (18 270
) - (19 : ) (1969-1944 19 1982
) - (20 27-26
) - (21 ) 27(
) - (22 : ) (1969-1944 54
) - (23 : 263
) - (24 : ) (1969-1944 176
) - (64 :
) - (65 9
) - (66 24
) - (67 33
) - (68 40
) - (69 31
) - (70 : ) ( 253
) - (71 : 265
)EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p. 145 - (72
) - (73 : ) (1985-1969 159
) - (74 : 265
) - (75 : ) ( 253
) - (76 : 272
)EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p. 146 - (77
) - (78 : 266
) - (79 Dekmejian : Islam in Revolution p. 205
)Viorst : In the Shadow of the Prophet p. 77 - (80
)EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p. 146 - (81
) - (82 : ) (1969-1944 174
)EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p. 118 - (83
)EL-Affendi p. 145 - (84
) - (85 : ) (1985-1969 121
) - (86 : 266
) - (87 : ) ( 253
) - (88 : 266
) - (89 : ) (1985-1969 155
) - (90 181
) - (91 : 272
) - (92 270
)Milton Viorst : In the Shadow of the Prophet p. 140 - (93
) - (94 : 273
) - (95
) - (96 . " : " :
" 310
) - (97 " : " 307
1984
" "
1989
" " ..
.
:
..
.
.
:
..
.
1989
.
.
.
.
. :
*
.
*
.
*
.
*
.
* " "
.
*
.
* - - .
.
*
.
* - -
.
""
..
""
..
.
.
""
"" "
" .
" : " ..
.
:
* .
*
.
*
.
*
.
*
.
*
.
*
.
*
.
..
..
..
..
..
.