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) - (29 55
) - (30 ) ( 206
)Dr. Ali Shariati : A Manifestation of self-reconstruction and Reformation , - (31
Muhammad Iqbal )
(www.shriti.com 2000
) - (32 Dr. Kalim Bahadur : The Jamaa't -I- Islami of Pakistan , Political
Thought and Political Action p. 6
) - (33 : 161
) - (34 " : " ) ":
" (316
)Graham Fuller : Islamism in the Next Century , in "The Islamism debate" p. - (35
142
- 1997
)Francois Burgat : Ballot boxes, Militaries and Islamic Movements , in "the - (36
Islamism Debate" p. 43
) Graham Fuller : Algeria, the Next Fundamentalist State - (37 ""
) (www.rand.org 2000
)Graham Fuller : Islamism in -(38
the Next Century p. 143
)Burgat p. 40 - (39
)Burgat p. 45 - (40
) - (41 : ) 39-38 (278
)Graham Fuller : Islamism in the Next Century p. 143 - (42
) Albert Wohlstetter : No highway to high purpose - (43 ""
( (www.rand.org 2000
) - (44

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) "Nahman Tal : "Islamic Terrorism in Egypt , the challenge and response - (46
" " )
(www.tau.ac.il/jcss/links.html 2000
)R. Harir Dekmejian : Islam in Revolution, Fundamentalism in the Arab - (47
World p.175 F.ED. Syracuse University Press 1985
) - (48 3/1319 3/1475 5/399 5/18 4/95
8/156
) - (49 165
)Encyclopedia Britannica , Article : "The Theory and Control of War" 1999 - (50
) - (51 : 173
1978
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1998
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1982 " . "1982
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)Abdelwahab EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution, Islam and power in Sudan - (3
Gray Seal - London 1989 p. 182
)EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p. 164 -(4

) - (5 : 100 .
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.1991
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Martin's Press New York 1996
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Revolution p.169
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. 3/217
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1992
) - (23 60
) - (24 : 22
) - (25 : 95
) - (26 "" T. Abdou Maliqalim Simone : In :
whose Image? Political Islam and Urban Practices in Sudan p. 162 The University
of Chicago Press 1994
)EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p. .52 - (27
)Graham fuller in : the Islamism Debate p. 148 - (28
) - (29 . : ) (1969-1944 110 .1982
) - (30 98
) - (31 101
) - (32 105
)Graham E. Fuller & Ian Lesser : A Sense of Siege, The Geopolitics of Islam - (33
and the West p. 192 ed. Westview Press USA 1995

) - (34 : 81
) - (35 6
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) - (37 : 113
1994
) - (38 : 56
) - (39 83
) - (40 : ) (1969-1944 128 1982
) - (41 : 61
) - (42 : 119
) - (43 117
) - (44 : 84
)EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p. 162 - (45
) - (46 Milton Viorst : In the Shadow of the Prophet p. 138 :
) - (47 : 22
) - (48 : 61
) - (49 74
) - (50
) - (51 : 48
) - (52 : ) (1985-1969 156
) - (53 223
) - (54 291
) - (55 : 33
) - (56 : 126
) - (57 : ) (1985-1969 76
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) - (59 . " : "

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) - (60 : 294
)EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p. 51 - (61
) - (62 : 25 EL-Affendi p. 67
) - (63 : 27
) - (64 21
) - (65 : ) (1985-1969 156
) - (66 : 9 1982
) - (67 46 1984
) - (68 : ) (1985-1969 112
) - (69 : ) (1969-1944 92 1982
) - (70 : ) (1985-1969 117
) - (71 : 25 Jean Gueyras : Au Sudan, le
(pouvoir Islamiste se consolide (Le Monde Diplomatique , Juillet 1994 p. 6

)Peter K. Bechtold : Politics in the Sudan : Parliamentary and Military Rule - (72
in an Emerging African Nation p. 89
Ed. Praeger Publishers, London - Washington - New York 1976
)EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p. 67 - (73
)Peter K. Bechtold : Politics in the Sudan p. 89 - (74
) - (75 : 67-66 1982
) - (76 ) 67(
) - (77 45-44
) - (78 : 25
) - (79 25
) - (80 61
) - (81 60
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) - (84 : 180
) - (85 : 61
) - (86 : 35 37
) - (87 : 185
) - (88 : 127 1982
) - (89 : 278
1993
) - (90 : ) (1985-1969 58-57
) - (91 : 278
)Peter K. Bechtold : Politics in the Sudan p. 268 - (92
) - (93 : ) (1985-1969 59
)Jean Gueyras : Au Sudan, le pouvoir Islamiste se consolide (Le Monde - (94
(Diplomatique , Juillet 1994 p. 6
) - (95 : 27
) - (96 ,Sudan in Crisis :
The Failure of Democracy P. 6 Ed. University Press of Florida USA 1999
)Mansour Khalid : Nimeiri and the Revolution of Dis-May p. 373 - (97
)Mansour Khalid p. 367-368 - (98
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) - (14 Mohamed Omer Beshir : Revolution and Nationalism in the Sudan p. :
210-211 Harper and Row Publishers, INCUSA 1974
)Elhachmi Hamdi : The Making of a Islamic Political Leader, Conversations - (15
with Hasan al-Turabi p. 3 Westview Press, London, 1998
) - (16 : ) (1969-1944 84 1982
)EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p. 95 - (17
) - (18 G. Norman Anderson : Sudan in Crisis p. 171 :
) - (19 : ) (1985-1969 81
) - (20 Mansour Khalid : Nimeiri and the Revolution of Dis-May p. 151 KPI
Limited, London 1985 : ) (1985-1969 89
) - (21 : ) (1985-1969 95
) - (22 : 43
) - (23
) - (24 " :
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)P. M. Holt : A Modern history of the Sudan p. 183, from the Funj Sultanate - (26
to the present day, Grove Press, INC. New York 1961
) - (27 : ) (1985-1969 53-52
) - (28 : ) (1969-1944 83 1982
) - (29 84
) - (30 : ) (1985-1969 85
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) "Mohammed Mahmoud : in "religion, nationalism and peace in Sudan - (45
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) - (46 : 133
) - (47
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)Peter Woodward : Sudan (1898-1989) the Unstable State p. 207 Lynne - (49
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) - (50 : 153
) - (51
) - (52 : 260
) - (53 94
) - (54 : 12/213 : 8/120
) - (55 : 271
) - (56 Oxford encyclopedia 3/131
) - (57 : 1/371
)Milton Viorst : In the Shadow of the Prophet p. 236 - (58
) - (59 : 174
) - (60 : 153
) - (61 154
) - (62 : 82
Simone : In whose Image p. 163
) - (63 83
) - (64 : 230
) - (65 : ) (1969-1944 94 1982
) - (66 : ) (1985-1969 195-194
) - (67 194
) - (68 : 155
) - (69 ,Elhachmi Hamdi : The Making of a Islamic Political Leader :
Conversations with Hasan al-Turabi p. 86
) - (70 : 82
) - (71 : 150
) - (72 151
)EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p. 124 - (73
) - (74 : 155
) - (75 154
)Milton Viorst : In the Shadow of the Prophet p. 119 - (76
) - (77 : 184
) - (78 " : " " " 11/20/2001
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) - (80 : ) (1985-1969 168


) - (81 : ) (1969-1944 131 1982
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) - (86 : ) (1985-1969 177
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) - (88 : 140
) - (89 : ) (1985-1969 155
) - (90 166
) - (91 35
)Sandra Hale : the Women of Sudan's National Islamic Front (in : Political - (92
Islam, Essays from Middle East Report p. 245 University of California Press, Los
Angelos, USA
) - (93 : ) (1985-1969 178
) - (94 ,Elhachmi Hamdi : The Making of an Islamic Political Leader :
Conversations with Hasan al-Turabi p. 31
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.
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) -(1 : 3/74
)(Graham Fuller : Islamism in the Next Century (in the Islamism Debate p. 147 - (2
)G. Fuller : Islamism in the Next Century p. 148 -(3
) - (4 ) ( 14
1987
) -(5 17
) -(6
) -(7 Oxford Encyclopedia 2/126-127 2/380
) -(8 : ) 35 " :
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) - (9 Viorst : In the Shadow of the Prophet p. 117
) -(10 . " : " "
" 329
) -(11 " " 26
) - (12 . " : " " " 4/3/2001
) - (13
) - (14 : ) (1985-1969 31
) - (15 68
)Edgar O'balance : the Secret War in the Sudan 1955-1972 p. 105 - (16
) - (17 : ) (1985-1969 37
)O'balance : the Secret war in the Sudan p. 105 - (18
) - (19 : ) (1985-1969 34
) - (20 33
) - (21 43
) - (22 42

) - (23
) - (24 49
)O'balance : the Secret War in the Sudan p. 108 - (25
) - (26 : ) (1969-1944 ) 73( 1982
) - (27 : ) (1985-1969 57
) - (28 49
) - (29 : 126
) - (30 134
) - (31 : ) (1985-1969 52
) - (32 53
) - (33 43
) - (34 Mansour Khalid : Nimeiri and the Revolution of Dis-May p.12
) - (35 : ) (1985-1969 56
) - (36
)Fransis M. Deng : War of Visions p. 18 - (37
) - (38 : ) (1985-1969 38
)Edward Mortiner : Faith and Power, The Politics of Islam p. 261 - (39
) - (40 : ) (1985-1969 60
) - (41 1987 4
) - (42 : ) (1985-1969 102
) - (43
) - (44 99
) - (45 103
) - (46 206
)Simon : In Whose Image 52 - (47
) - (48 : ) (1985-1969 100
) - (49 101
) - (50 O'balance : the Secret war in the Sudan p. 106
)Peter K. Bechtold : Politics in the Sudan p. 267 - (51
) - (52 : ) (1985-1969 71
) - (53 102
)Oxford Encyclopedia 3/198 - (54
) - (55 : ) (1969-1944 196
) - (56 : 195
) - (57
) - (58 35
) - (59 : 197
) - (60 . : "
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)EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p. 114 - (61
)EL-Affendi p. 119 - (62
)"Mohammed Mahmoud : in "religion, nationalism and peace in Sudan - (63

" " 17-16 1997


)Abd Assalam Sid'Ahmed : Islam & Politics in Contemporary Sudan p. 131- - (64
132
) - (65 : 199
),Mohammed Elhachmi Hamdi : The Making of an Islamic Political Leader - (66
Conversations with Hasan al-Turabi p. 25-26
) - (67 : 41 34
)Daniel Pipes : In the Path of God, Islam and political power p. 254 - (68
)Mansour Khalid : Nimeiri and the Revolution of Dis-May p. 263 - (69
Peter Woodward : Sudan (1898-1989) the Unstable State p. 182
) Albert Wohlstetter : No highway to high purpose - (70 ""
) (www rand org 2000
) - (71 : 13/96
) - (72 3/1114 1/105 2/309 5/278 9/36 2/314
3/377
) - (73 : ) (1985-1969 128
) - (74 130
) - (75 135
)Mansour Khalid : Nimeiri and the Revolution of Dis-May p. 278 - (76
) - (77 : ) (1985-1969 125
) - (78
) - (79 136
) - (80 : 43
) - (81 1987 ""
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)Peter Woodward : Sudan (1898-1989) the Unstable State p. 135 - (83
) - (84 : ) (1985-1969 135
) - (85 EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p. 120-121 & 128 :
) - (86 : ) (1985-1969 124
) - (87 : 202
) - (88 203
) - (89 : 41-40
) - (90 : 198
) -(91
) - (92
) - (93 : 33
)Mansour Khalid : Nimeiri and the Revolution of Dis-May p. 180 - (94
) - (95 : ) (1985-1969 123
) - (96 207
) - (97 138
) - (98 207
) - (99 124

196 : - (100)
197 - (101)
EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p. 114 - (102)
60 - (103)
104 ( 1985-1969) : - (104)
160 - (105)
- (106)
EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p. 114 - (107)
6 - (108)
" Mohammed Mahmoud : in "religion, nationalism and peace in Sudan - (109)

123-122 ( 1985-1969) : - (110)


165 - (111)
Oxford Encyclopedia 2/359 - (112)
- (113)
Abd Assalam Sid'Ahmed : Islam & Politics in Contemporary Sudan p. 201 - (114)
& 131
Sid' Ahmed 131 - (115)
EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p. 126 - (116)
201 : - (117)
EL-Affendi : : Turabi's Revolution p. 115 - (118)
34 - (119)
6 - (120)
123-122 ( 1985-1969) : - (121)
Mansour Khalid : Nimeiri 32 Affendi 126 - (122)
and the Revolution of Dis-May p. 208
Sid' Ahmed : Islam & Politics in Contemporary Sudan p. 193 - (123)
7-6 - (124)
)( - (125)
Sid' Ahmed : Islam & Politics in Contemporary Sudan p. 201 - (126)
Sid' Ahmed p. 201 - (127)
128 ( 1985-1969) : - (128)
EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p. 129 - (129)
132 : - (130)
Milton Viorst : In the Shadow of the Prophet p. 131 - (131)
125 ( 1985-1969) : - (132)
165 - (133)
110 - (134)
5 - (135)
Sid' Ahmed : Islam & Politics in Contemporary Sudan p. 211 - (136)
EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p. 102 - (137)
1982 116-115 ( 1969-1944) : - (138)

)Simone : In whose Image p. 53 - (139


)Peter Woodward : Sudan (1898-1989) the Unstable State p. 153 - (140
) - (141 : ) (1985-1969 172
)EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p. 185 - (142
) - (143 " : " ) "
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) -(1 : 8-7
)EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p. 166 -(2
) -(3 : : ) (1969-1944 146 1982
) -(4 : 152
) -(5 : 6 1982
) -(6 : 11- 9
) -(7 11
) -(8 . " : " " :
336
) -(9 : 28
) -(10 : 27
) - (11 5
) - (12 264
) - (13 271
) - (14 269
) - (15 270
) - (16 269
) - (17
) - (18 270
) - (19 : ) (1969-1944 19 1982
) - (20 27-26
) - (21 ) 27(
) - (22 : ) (1969-1944 54
) - (23 : 263
) - (24 : ) (1969-1944 176

) - (25 : " : : "


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) - (26 : ) (1969-1944 13
) - (27 61
) - (28 : 264
) - (29 : ) (1969-1944 100 1982
) - (30 112
) - (31 131
) - (32 112
)Viorst : In the Shadow of the Prophet p. 111 - (33
) - (34 : ) (1969-1944 23
) - (35 : 264
) - (36 : ) (1969-1944 )107(
) - (37 144
) - (38 . : ) ":
( 242
) - (39 : 243
) - (40 ) 9 " " -401
(416
) - (41 18
) - (42 31
) - (43 19
) - (44 31
) - (45 43
) - (46 44
) - (47 : ) ( 242
) - (48 : 248-247
) - (49 4
) - (50 22
) - (51 : ) ( 244
) - (52 26
) - (53 22 30
) - (54 13
) - (55 10
) - (56 20 32
) - (57 32
) - (58 16
) - (59 1
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) - (61
) - (62 : ) ( 244
) - (63 : 251

) - (64 :
) - (65 9
) - (66 24
) - (67 33
) - (68 40
) - (69 31
) - (70 : ) ( 253
) - (71 : 265
)EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p. 145 - (72
) - (73 : ) (1985-1969 159
) - (74 : 265
) - (75 : ) ( 253
) - (76 : 272
)EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p. 146 - (77
) - (78 : 266
) - (79 Dekmejian : Islam in Revolution p. 205
)Viorst : In the Shadow of the Prophet p. 77 - (80
)EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p. 146 - (81
) - (82 : ) (1969-1944 174
)EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p. 118 - (83
)EL-Affendi p. 145 - (84
) - (85 : ) (1985-1969 121
) - (86 : 266
) - (87 : ) ( 253
) - (88 : 266
) - (89 : ) (1985-1969 155
) - (90 181
) - (91 : 272
) - (92 270
)Milton Viorst : In the Shadow of the Prophet p. 140 - (93
) - (94 : 273
) - (95
) - (96 . " : " :
" 310
) - (97 " : " 307
1984



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