KKP - New "Pinvili"

1
Ahnizmkntesmcp ]nhnfn
sI.sI.]n. A_vZp
(sF.Fkv.Fw. kwm\ {]hI kanXn AwKw)
AhXmcnI
A_vZpdlvam Ccnthn
Ahnizmkntesmcp
]n$hnfn
2 Ahnizmkntesmcp ]nhnfn
Andavishvasangalilekkoru
Pinvili
K.K.P. Abdulla
First Edition: 2011 June
Second Edition: 2011 October
Publishers: Al hidaya
Copy. 1000
Rs: 50/-
3
CX- fp- I- fn
1. Ah- Xm- cnI 5
2. apJhpc 11
3. CkvXn-Kmk Amlphn-t\mSv am{Xw 15
4. a\pjy Ignhn\XoXw 22
5. a\pjy Ignhpw klmb tXhpw 29
6. ]nimNpw hn{K-l-kw-km-chpw 50
7. kman-cn-bpsS Imf
hn{Kl kwkmcn\p sXfnthm? 59
8. {]m-\bpw Bcm-[-\bpw 63
9. Bcm-[-\-b-m {]m\ 79
10. {]m\ Bcm[\ 81
11. tcmK-s-m amc-I-amb NnIn 89
12. Aq_v \_nbpw tcmKhpw ]nimNv _m[bpw 111
13. AZriy Imcyfpw Pnpw tPmyhpw 114
14. tPmyamcpsS {]hN\w: hkvXpX Fv? 121
15. ]nimNv Zp_e 137
16. XJveoZv 142
5
Ah- Xm- cnI
tIcfn se apPmln Zv { ]m\w Fmhpw
kp]cnNnXamWtm. XuloZn\v Du \Insmpw
kapZmbns ka{K ]ptcmKXn eyamnsmpw
GItZiw Hcp \qmv Imeambn AXv hyXykv Xamb
t]cpIfn {]hnpp. ap aX {]m\fn \npw
hyXykvXambn aZvl_pIsf \ncmIcnv JpB\pw kppw
{]amWfmnsmmWv {]m\w {]hnpXv .
{]m\ns BZiw, eyw, ]cn]mSn Fnhsbmpw
AXns an{Xsftbm i{Xptftbm {]tXyIw ]dv
a\nemt Imcyan. BZiw sImpw iw sImpw
ssien sImpsams {]m\w XncndnbsSpp.
{]m\{]h\w Bcw`np Ln tIcfnse
P\ PmXn aX t`Zat\y Ahn iz mkfn epw
A\mNmcfnepw amaqepIfnepw apgpIngnbpIbmbncpp.
Pnv, ]nimNv, t{]Xw, HSn, Imfn, Iqfn, bn, ccv, {_
cv XpSnbhsb Ipdn Ht\Iw Ahnizmk shv
]pepI aqew kaqlw BsI AXn òXn Xamb
Ahbnembncpp. Chsms ]cnlmcsatmWw knlvdv
AYhm amcWw, a{n \qev, icocns ]e `mKfn
sInqp GepI, a{hmZw, DgnsSp,
ASn n d, tlmaw, Dgn v an Ipgn v aqS,
shffnsemgp, IpcpXn sImSp, t\ hgn]mSpI,
aJmapIfn tepw ZKIfn tepw a]fn tep
samsbpff XomS\ apXemb p{ZI
PohnXn A\pjvTnv t]mncpp Ah.
amcWnse hnizmkw iambXn\m ]ckv ]cw amcWw
sNbv Xpshmtcm]nv sImv _pfpw Abmcpw
kv t\lP\fpw Xn hmWfpw hgpw
sIme]mXIfpsams \n_m[w Fpw Actdnbncpp.
Ahnizmkfpw A\mNmcfpw \mpamaqepIfpw ISp
AXbpambn \Sncp B kaqlnemWv apPmlnZv
{]m\w XnIpw {]amW_amb Ckvemln {]h\w
Bcw`nXv .
ad amneqsS KpWw {]Xonv sImtm tZmjw
`bsv sImtm Hcp hyn Bv FnpXpw
Bcm[\bsW efn Xat\mlchpw EPphpw
kp{ KlambXpamb \n hN\w C_mZn \v (Bcm[\)
\InsmmWv {]m\w P\sf t_m[hcnXv .
XuloZn Dun \nptm Xs kaqlns ka{Kamb
]ptcmKXnbpw {]m\w eyanp. aZvl_pIf, JpB\pw
kppamWv {]amWsfv ]Tnnp. Pnv ]nimNv
XpSn bhsb bYm hn iz mkm Amlphn
Xhp(AWw) sNbv Xpw Ah\n A`bw tXSnbpw
JpBs\ apdpsI ]nSnpw AXnPbnm Ignbpsav
{ ]m\w P\sf ]Tn n p. AtXmsS P\
p{Zamfpw hnIe hnizmkfpw Dt]npIbbncpp.
tcmK acpp sImpw ssZh{]m\bmepw
Nn In n m ioen n p. { ]m\w aX ùXn I
hnZym`ymkpw ]pcpjapw kv {XoIpw Hcp t]mse
{]m[m\yw \In. PpapA JpXp_IfneqsSbpw JpB
]cn`mjsSpnbpw hgn P\sf t_m[hcnpw
An s\ Cv ImWp GIssZh hn iz mkn Ifpw
ZrUa\kvIcpamb \n`b P\Xsb krnm tIcfnse
Ckzvemln {]m\n\v Ignp.
7
Cu {]h\nSbn {]m\ ]nXampw
{]hIpw kaqln \npw h FXnpIsf
t\cn tSn hp. Ht\Iw alpIfn { `pIfpw
]nhnepIfpw J_m \ntcm[\hpw hnhmlw
apSepIfpw am{Xa, imcocnI ]oU\fpw h[{ia
hscbpw \Sp. Chsbsbmw AXnPohnv sImmWv
{]m\w {]aW_amb BZihoYnbn ht\w
ssIhcnXv. Cv, tIcf apnw kaqlw Cybnse av apnw
kaqlfn \n v hyXykv Xambn Nn n pIbpw
{]hnpIbpw sNp Hcp Pohkaqlambn amdnbXv
apPmlnZv {]m\ns kzm[o\w Hv sImv am{XamWv.
Cu \thmm\ns ]nXrXzw GsSpm Cv ]ecpw
cwKv hcpps Imcyw hnkv acnpn. Ahcn,
ZoLImew Cu kapZmbs ]ndtImv henm {iannpw
êw ImWmsX \ncmicmbn \n_nXmhbn XfpsS
p{Z{]h\ ]mXnhgnbnept]nhcpw Ds
Imcyw HmtXmWv. Amcyw AhnsS \ns. Fm
Cv Zu`mKyw sImv apPmlnZv {]m\n apfv s]mnb
Nne hnjsSnI {]m\n\v Atemkcw am{Xae,
Xocmim]hpambn amdnbncnpIbmWv . XuloZv , inv ,
apAv Pnkv , Idmav , tcmKNnIn, kv {XohnZym`ymkw,
]ffn { ]thiw, aXùXn I hn Zym`ymk { ]NcWw,
shffn bmgv Nbn se JpXp_ amXr`mjbn embn cn ,
{ ]amW aZv l_pIf adn v JpB\pw
kppamsWXv, CkveanI hnhmlw, kv{Xo[\w XpSnb
ASnm\ hnjbsmw kaqlnse \pffp \pcpv
hnjbfpw P\sf {]amW _ambn ]TnnpIbpw
]cn hn n pIbpw sNbv XXn s êambn
kXyhnizmknIfpw kZmNmcnIfpamb B D]Xnjv Wp
P\Xsb Ipw ImWnpw FXncmfnI t]mepw A`nam\w
sImffp Hch ChnsSbpmbncpp.
s]smWv Ipdv sImpauehnam XfpsS AdnhpIfpw
sImv {]m\ntev FSpv NmSnbXv . kwLS\v
ZmCamsc Ipdnv {]tXyIw ImgvNmtSm sFUn^ntjt\m
ssektkm HpanmXncpXn\m Ahsms Ffpw
kwLS\bpsS ZmCamcpw JXo_pamcpsams Bbnocm
km[np. Ans\ Ah kv IqfpIfnepw tImfPpIfnepw
]ffnIfnepw hmbnv ]Tn Nne ]pkv XIfnepffXpw Ahv
Xs kzbw tXmnbXpamb A`n{]mb kwLS\bpsS
HutZymKnI A`n{]mbsf an Xn aqfnm Bcw`np.
GtXm Hcp tUm CXn\nSv Pnv, ssim XpSnb
ssK_n bmb hn jbfn KthjWhpw
Bcw`nncpphs{X. AbmfpsS Nne \nKa\ Iv
Ipnauehnam t]Snp.
]gam ]dncpXv Pnpw ssim\psams
]ffnIfnepw Hgn hoSpIfnepsams Dmhpsambncpp.
Ch Ahsc ISnshn. tXbnSp sXn\p Xmsgbpw
hSn\nbpsS ]ndInepw dqanse q amnbnSptm AhnsSbpw
taihen n epw Hs Pn pIfpmhpas{ X! Ahsc
t\mhn msX t\mm a\pjycmb \mw Pm{ KX
]peWas{X!! Asn s\m PnpI D]{Zhnpas{X!!
Pnv ]mmbpw hcpw. AXn\m honepw ]dnepw
ImWp hnjmns\bpw sImm ]mSn. AsXms
klnmambncpp. `mhnmtm Pnv `mhns
cq]w ]qv hv `mcysb NXn pas{ X. AXn
IpnIfpmhpas{X!! kv {Xo ]oU\w Gsd hn Cu
ImeLn PnpI IqSn Cns\ XpSnbm.....!!! Xami
AsXmpa, Cu Pnv ieysams apkvenw \yq\]n\v
am{Xtabpffq.
9
FdWmwIpfw kmthj\n shpw tIm
AmSn bn shpw Pn n s\ t\cn Ihcpw
ZmCamcnepmbn. hmZw ]ptcmKantm hnP\\amb ev
IpSpntmb Bv klmbn\mbn (Abm ImWm)
Pnns\bpw aens\bpw hnfnv klmbw tXSmsav Hcp
hnZzm Xn hnp. AXv {]m\bspw klmbw tXS
am{XamsWpw AXn\p hntcm[anspw!!!!Anbm Huenb
XpSnb almamcpsS Imcyn kpn apym ]dbp
AtX hmZw.(hnP\amb ev shmlphns\ am{Xw
Amambn klmbn \v hn fn n cp am
apiv cnpIsfbpw tXmnv Iftm.). Pnnt\mSpw
immt\mSpapff klmb tXhpw tkhbpsams shdpw
ùXn I Imcy am{ Xambn . ùXn I Imcyfn
Ahn iz mkn IfpsS klmbhpw kz oIcn matm.
Ahnizmknsbbpw tkhnmw. sNIpm tkhn\n thtd
sXfnhv thtWm?
Cu KpcpXcamb hyXnbm\n\v ]pdta, apPmlnZv
{]m\ns {]t_m[\ hnjbsf Anadnm
thsdbpw Nne ASnm\ {]iv\ Ch Dbnsmv
hp. Itdv, Idp \mb, Idp ]q, ]n h[w, knlvdns
bmYmyw, AXv {]hmNIsc t]mepw GpXnepff
ktmjw, {]hmNIs Ctm e`yam Xncp tijnpI
sImv _sSp,.....Ans\ t]mhpp ]pXnb
ASnm\ hnjb.
lv Dwd {Kqpmnbpw kztZipw hntZipw ]ncnhv
\Snbpw aXs hmWnPyhcn Nne Pnns\bpw
]nimNns\bpw Cdm\pff ASnNnInkbpw(kztZipw
hntZipw) Bcw`np. Cmea{Xbpw Hcp Pnv kmnfn\p
t]mepw Hcp apPmlnZv IpSpw_n Ibdnbncpn. ]s
s]snXm XpcpXpcm Pnv Ib!!. AXn\\pkcnv
Nn In m hn imcZamcpw. (Fhn sSbmWmthm Ch
kvs]jssekv sNbvXXv?). aptc(aepdw)bn XpSnb
Pnv Ibw Iqcpw Xetcnbpsams ISv apPmlnZv
tI{amb ]pfnepw Fn. apPmlnZpI {]t_m[\w sNbvX,
sNmnTn C_mZns \nhN\w t]mepw Anadnp.
Cu Iqsc ]nSnv sIm ]e ]XnI hp. Hpw
ê{]Zambn ImWpn. Ctm Cu hnIe hnt{Zml
Bib kwLS\m {]knoIcWfneqsSbpw ]pdv
hcpp. Ahv J\sagpXnbm shfnw ImWn.
ZpJIcamb Cubhbn bYm apPmln Zv
Bibfpw sse\pw ssien bpw tISp IqSmsX
kwcnphm XuloZo hmZnIfmb apPmlnZv {]hI
Fsnepw sNbvtX ]q. AXmWntm bph ]nX\pw
FgppImc\pw sF Fkv Fw kwm\ {]hI kanXn
AwKhpamb P\m_v. sI sI ]n Ap (Xfndv) sNpXv.
]dbm\pffXv t\sc sNmt kss[cyw Atlw ]dbpp.
]TnpI, {]XnIcnpI.
Cu ]pkv XIw t\ams ]n ]m
B{Klnphmbn kanpIbmWv.
{]m\m ]qw
Apdlvam Ccnthn
JZoP al
(t]mv) tXmnemSn,
(hgn) AcotmSv,
673639 t^m: 9497118817
11
apJ- hpc
aX hnZym`ymk kmaqlnI kmkvImcnI taJeIfnsemw
Gsd ]ntmw \nncp tIcf apkvenwIv Znim t_m[w
\Inb GI CkvemanI \thmm\ {]m\amWv apPmlnZv
{]m\w. Hcp \qmn\Spmbn apkvenwIsf Cu {]m\w
\bnpsImncnpIbmWv.
Cu {]m\w DbnnSn Bibw Aw sshInsb
nepw kap-Zmbw Ipsd-sbms kzoI-cn-n-p-v. tIcf \thm-
m\ Ncn-{X-n apPm-lnZv {]m-\s amn-\nn Hcp
Ncn{X cN\ km[y- a- . apkv enw- Isf am{X- a kaqls
samn Xs kzm[o\nm Cu almb {]m\n\v
km[nnpv. "tIcf Ncn{Xw' F ]pkvXIn (t]Pv: 352,
386, 387 Un.kn._n.) F. {io[ctat\m\pw tIcfhpw kzmX{y
ka- chpw F ]pkvX- I- n (t]Pv: 66, 67) s{]m^- k F.
{io[c tat\m\pw "tIc-fob \thm-m\w' F IrXn-bn (
t]Pv: 7377 Nn ]n- tj- gvkv) tUm. ]n.- F- ^v. tKm]- Ip- amdpw
"tIcf Ncn{Xw hnZymn- Iv' F ]pkvX- I- n (t]Pv:
126, 135) tUm. hn-mhv tamlZmkpw Ckvemln {]m\w
Dm- n b \thm- m\ Ncn {Xw hn i- Zo- I- cn - p- p- v .
CXpt]mep [mcmfw IrXnI D]e`vXamWv. 1998 Imenv
khIemime hw auehnbpsS tXPknI F ]pkvXIw
]mT-]p-kvX-I-ambn {]kn-o-I-cn-p. k\m-D an X, la-
Zm\n X, C.sI. auehn, hw auehn, C. sambvXp auehn,
aplZv A_vZpdlvam kmln_v, koXn kmln_v, sI.Fw. aue
hn, sI.]n., sI.D auehn, XpSn \nh[n t\Xm BZi
n sshIeyn \npw kmaqlnI ]ntmmhbn
\npw apkvenwIsf {]_pcmm XymIw kln Ckzemlo
t\XmfmWv. Fm \bnepw kmaqly Dbbnepw apn
\npsImv tIcf P\Xsb \bn ]mccyamWv Ckz vemlo
t\Xmpw {]m\npapXv. ]nbnse Jot_m
Camtam F \nebn tIhew BJnd tXmgnemfnI Bbncp
n Ah. _lp `mjm ]WvVn-Xcpw Htc kabw cmjv{So
kmaqlnI Imcyfnsemw CSs] Hmtcm {]m\w Xsbm
bncpp. Ah "p'qmm\mbncp' Fv ]dv Imcy
antm. AhcpsS hgnbneqsS kcnthcmWv \mw.
Ipw appw \nd hgn-Isf cmP ]mX-bm-n-o
Ckz vemlo t\Xm--fpsS ]nKm-an-I-fm-th-, apkvenwIfpsS
`mKt[bw \nWbnt \psS Nne t\Xm (kcnbm
) B cmP ]mX-bn appw Ipw hen-n-Sp ]Wn-bmWv
Cv sNbv Xp- sIm- n- cn- p- - Xv . cmPmhv \- \m- sW
bmYmyw hnfnp ]dbm Fpw s]mpw Xncnbm Cncn
tm Hcp Ipnv am{Xta Ignnpq F s]mp kXy
amWv CsX-gp-Xm-\p t{]c-Iw. ssIp--Xm-sW-nepw kXyw
]dbWw. kXyw ]etmgpw A{]nbamWv. tkzOm[n]Xnbmb
cmPmhns ]pn kXyw Dds ]dbpXv PnlmZmsWn
CXv Hcp XqenIm hnhamWv. Ien\v HmbpmpXv ImWp
tm t\mn-\np-Xv icn-b-tm? ke-^n-Ifpw keô
]Wv VnXcpw Fss\bmtWm lZokns\ a\nemnbXv AXp
t]mse a\-n-em--W-sa-mWv keô alPv \s ]Tn-n-
pXv. Hs Htm ctm t]cpsS _pnbn tXmnbXp
t]mse Jp-B-\n-s\bpw lZo-kn-s\bpw a\-n-e-m-W-sapw
DsImWsapw hmin]nSnpXv XJv eoZns DSpn amf
ntep {]thi\ IhmSw XpdemWv . XJv eoZn \nmWv
ioCkhpw JhmcnPpIfpw apAvknepIfpw DmbXv. kq^n
kns CcpdIfntemWv Am\pIcW {àw sNsp
I. Ckzvemlo {]m-\-n ]utcm-ln-Xyhpw Am-\p-I-c-
W-hp-an-. hyn tI{o-IrX ]mn-bmn apPm-lnZv {]m-
13
\s amm-\p sImp-]n-Sn- {ia-amWv k-cn-bm- \S-
pXv. CXv ]dbmXncnm h.
Cs\ Hcp ]pkv XIsagpXm\p ImcWmc\pw kzemln
XsbmWv. ""Pnv, ]nimNv, kznlvdv hnjbnn JpB\n\pw
kzlo-lmb lZo-kn\pw Alvep-p--bpsS \ne-]m-Sp-Ipw
FXn-cmbn h ]pXnb hmX-fpw Bsc-nepw {]N-cn-n-Ip-p-
sn BbXv FXnstSXv XsbmWv'' kzemlnbpsS
Cu hmv apJ-hn-e-s-Sp-p-p. sI.-sP.-bp.hpw sI.-F.-Fw.
Dw cv {]mhiyw Cu hnibn kcnbmsXncmbn
kpe Cdn. \psS ]WvVnXam kcnbm kzemln
bpsS AXncv Ihn hmXs \ninXambn hnainp. kzem
ln- s- Xnsc {]_w Ah- X- cn- n- - s- p. t\Xr- Xz- ns
apn shv ke^n \ne]mSns\Xnsc kwkmcnpIbnsv
Ddv \IpIbpw P\nSbnsenbm Xs lnU AP
- I- fpsS `mWvV- sI- p- I s]mXp P\- n- S- bntev Agn-
nSp kz`mhamWv kzemlnpXv. {]kwKns t]cnepw
kzemln t\Xr- Xz- n \nv imk\ tItn hn- p- v.
Xm ]dbpsXmamWv apPmlnZv BZisav hcpnoc
m\p IpX{fmWv kzemln ]bnsmncnpXv . tI.
sP.bp.hpw sI.F.Fw.Dw ]dbpXmbncnWw \psS \ne
]mSv. lZokpIsf \psS _p\pkcnv hymJym\ncpXv.
kqv aXpdhv aqew h A_hpw hv t]msbn AsXmcp
hmZambn IcpXcpXv. sI.F.Fw. \ne]mSn\pdw asmcp Bi
bhpanm \n s] ]escbpw lZokv \ntj[nIfpw bpn
hmZn-I-fp-amn ap{Z-Ip-m-\p k-cn-bm--fpsS {iaw ke-
^n- I Xncn- - dn- bp- I- Xs sNpw. Cu ]pkvXI cN- \- bn
F\nv Fm hn[ klmbhpw \Inb Fs {]nb kplrv
sI.-F.-Fw. Iymadm am knoJv Xe-t-cn, lmcnkv tNdq,
A\kv Xfn- - d- v, Fnh- tcm- Sp \n {]I- Sn- n- p- p. Cu
teJ\w ke^n tIcfn\v kanpp.
A[n- Im- chpw m\hpw km- nI t\hpw ey- am-
msX keô BZi {]t_m- [\ ]mZ- bn- te- n- d- nb
\nkzmcmb apPmlnZpIfpsS h\tcmZ\amWnXv. Zp_ecm
sWnepw sImn Poh\htijnpw Imetmfpw apPmlnZv
{]m\amIp hShrns ISv InshphcpsS
ssI ]nSn-m \mw {]Xn-m-_--cm-Wv. Cu BZi {]Im-
is DuZnsSpmw FmWv Nne hymtamlnpXv. Hcn
epw \n-Xn\v km[y-a-. Hcm-t-]-I-cpsS Bt-]-
sbpw òj-Wn-sbbpw `b-m ^nJ-p-m-Pnb Fm-
epw DmhpIXs sNpw.
sI.sI.]n. A_vZp
(sF.- F- kv.- Fw.
kwm\ {]hI kanXn AwKw)
15
CkvXnKmk
Amlphnt\mSv am{Xw
Bcm- [\ Am- lp- hn- t\mSv am{Xw F- Xv t]mse
Ckvemans Poh\pw ASndbpamb XuloZns ImX
emWv klmbtXw Am- lp- hn- t\mSv am{Xw F- Xv .
a\pjy Ign-hn-\-Xo-X-amb GsXmcp Imcyhpw Am-lphn-
t\mSv am{Xta tNmZnm\pw tXSm\pw ]mSpq FImcy
n apKmanInSbn `nm`n{]mbapmbncpn.
{]- am- W- - fp- sS ]q- shfn- - n k- cn- p- sIm- n- cn-
p Ckvemlo{]m\n\pw Cmcyn ]m
c- an- . a\p- jy- I- gn- hns] \- Im- cy- - fn ]c- kv ]cw
klmb klIcWw sN ]pWyamsW hnjbnepw
apkvenwnSbn Xantm? acWs almmv
]eIgnhpw ]Sh \Inbnpsv ]dv AhcpsS
Ign- hns- Sm Imcy- - fn Ah klmbn- p- sa
hnizmkw ChnsS ]ecpw shp- ]p- ep- pv , AXp-
t]mse aepIpw PnpIpwa\pjyv Ignbm
]eIgnhpIfpw Amlp\Inbnpsnepw Ah a\p
jysc btYjvSw klmbnpw F hnizmkw P\nnp
NnesXncnn ChnsS \Sppv. krjvSnIfpsS
Ignhn\pdap ImcymWv AùXnI Imcysapw
ad- - Im- cy- sapw Imcy- Im- cW _- - p- d- ap
Imcyfpsa kIcn kzemlnbpsS ]pXnb \nhN\w
XuloZns ASnd Cfp A]IShmZamWv. Atl
ns \ho\\nhN\w Cs\ hmbnmw adam
sam \psS IpsImv t\cn ImWm]m am
sa, AZriyamsa {]tbmKn \nv Nne sXn
cnXmWXv.ad amw AùXnI amw Fp ]d
m ImcyImcW_pdap amw AYhm
krjvSnIfpsS IgnhnpdpXv FmWw Atm
ImcyImcW_XoXambn \s klmbnm\pw
\apv D]{Zhw hcpm\pw Amlphn\v am{Xsa Ignbq
FmWv Hcp apkvenw hnizknpXv .(ke^n{]m\w
hnai- \- fpw adp- ]- Sn- bpw.sI.- sI.- k- I- cn- - kzemln t]Pv
75)apIfn ]d Bibn\v kam\amb hmpI CtX
]pkvXIn [mcmfw efn Atlw Bhn
ppv. PnpIpw aepIpw {]IrXymXs ]e
IgnhpIfpapsv JpB\pw lZokpw kmysSppp.
{]kvXpXIgnhpI a\pjys\ kw_nnStmfw Akm
[yamsWnepw Ah AùXnItam ImcyImcWp
dtm AXs. (- Pn- p- tk- hbpw ]nimNv _m[bpw
]nfamcpsS kzwIrXnIfn kIcnkzemln) Pnp
I CuIm-cy--sfm-s-sN-p-Xv \psS {]Ir-Xn--Xo-
Xhpw AhcpsS {]IrXnhyhv A[o\hpamb \nemWv .
Fmw Amlp \n- bn- p hyh- - Xs (AtX
]pkvXIw kIcnkzemln) krjvSnIv \Is Ign
hn\v AXo- X- amb Imcy- - fn klmbw tXS- emWv
{]m\ (ke- ^n- {]- m\w hnai- \- fpw adp- ]- Snbpw
kIcnkzemln t]Pv 101) a\pjy\nm ]eIgnhpIfpw
Amlp Pnn\v \Inbnpspw BIgnhns\ Ipdnv
AùXnIsav hntijnnp IqsSpwCu teJI\pw ap
Nnecpw ]dtm........ (AtX ]pkvXIw kIcnkzem
ln t]Pv 101) PnpIv Amlp \IpIgnhv a\pjy
Ignhn\v AXoXsanepw AXns\ AùXnIsav hnti
jnnpXv CkvemanIambn icnb. AùXnIamb Ignhv
FXv sImv \mw Dt- in- p- Xv Amlp krjv Sn-
17
Impw \In- bnnm Ign- sh- m- Wv . (AtX
]pkv XIw kI- cn- - kzem- ln t]Pv 100) ]nim- Np- - fmb
PnpI Ahs an{Xv sNp klmbsp
dnpw aepI a\pjyv sNp klmbspdnpw
AùXnIsav ]dpIqSm. (AtX ]pkvXIw kIcn
kzemln t]Pv 103) AXpt]mse ]e s]mXp{]kwKfnepw
CtX Bibw kanm Atlw InWp {iann
cpp.krjvSnIfpsS Ignhns]Imcyfn Fv ]dv
Imcy- Im- c- W- _- - - I- m- n- bm \- s- k- lmbn-
m\pw D]- {Z- hn- m\pw Pnp- Ipw apw Ign- bp- sav
kzemln Zp{Km-ly-amb coXn-bn ]dp ên-n-m
{ianpIbmWnhnsS. ad ams krjvSnIfpsS Ign
hn-\-p-d-tv hen-p \on-bm AXp-m-p {]iv\-
KpcpXcambncnpw. a\pjyIgnhns]Sm Imcy
AmlpthmSv am{Xw Fv ]dm a\pjy Ignhn s]
Imcy ]ckv]cw tNmZnm\pw klmbnm\pw ]pw
Fpw Ignhns]SmXv tNmZnmt\m tXSmt\m -]mSn
spw GsXm- cmpw Ffpw a\- kn- emmw. Fm
krjvSnIfpsS IgnhnXoXw F {]tbmKw sImv a\p
jy\p ]pdsabp krjvSnIfmb aepIfpw PnpIfpw
]nim- Np- - fp- samw AXns- Sp- atm? A- s\ Pnn-
t\mSpw aent\mSpw klmbw tXS sXspw A\p
h- Z- \obamsWpw s]mXp- P\w Icp- Xpw.- \bnepw ]pWy-
nepw klIcnm\pw Xnbnepw i{XpXbnepw \nl
Icnm\pw JpB hnizmknItfmSv Bhiysnptm?
Cu Bbns ]cn[nbn aepIfpw PnpIfpw s]Sp
sav Hcp ap^ndpw Cphsc ]dnn. Amlphns
A\paXn{]Imcw aepI a\pjycdnbmsX Ahsc klm
bnpXv Cu ]dXn\v FXnc. kIcn kzemlnbpsS
krjvSnIXoXsa hnNn{XhmZw Atlns Xs
hmNIneqsS XIcpXpw ChnsS ImWmw. a\pjy\dn
bmsXbpw BhiysSmsXbpw aepIfpw PnpIfpw Am
lp\nbn hyhb\pkcnv a\pjysc klmbnpsa
Xv Jp-B sImpw lZo-kp-IsImpw nc-s--
Xm-Wv PnpIfpsSbpw, aepIfpsSbpw klmbw ùXnI
amsWn, a\p- jy- \- dn- bm- sXbpw Bh- iy- s- Sm- sX- bp
Amlp \nbn hyh\pkcnp klmbw F
\n_\ Fn\mWv? ùXnIamsWn klmbw tXS
insv am{Xa, \ Imcyn ]pWyhpamWv. a\p
jys \bpw Xnbpw tcJsSpm Amlp aep
Isf GsSpnbnpv. Cans kZnepw ]nbnepw,
PpapA Znhkw ]nbn t\cs hcphcpsS t]scgp
Xm\psamw, aepIhcpw. Amlp aepIsf Cs\
]etPmenIfpw Gnnpv. Amlphns I\I
bYm- hn- [n- ]m- en- - emWv Ah- cpsS tPmen.- Pn- p- I- a\p-
jysct]mse kzX{cmWv. Ahcn \hcpw Zpjnhcp
apv. a\pjys Imcy t\mmt\m a\pjysc klm
bnmt\m Amlp Ahsc NpaXesSpnbnn. J\\w
sNbvXpw KthjWw \Snbpw Ist henb Imcy
sampanXv. Cu hnj-b-n apkvenwnSbn Hpw
Xhpan. krjvSnIXoXsa {]tbmKw kIcnv
apv apKmanIfmb ke^n]nXmcn ]ecpw FgpXn
bnpspw B{]tbmKn Hcp A]mIXbpanspw
kIcnbbpw A\pbmbnIfpw Pnpp. Fm kXyhpw
AkXyhpw Xn ChIqn IpgpIbmWv. ]n.A_vZp
JmZ auehn FgpXnb AuloZv F ]pkvXIn
19
cv ev krjvSnIXoXw F ]Z{]tbmKw DXv
Chp hen- b- sX- fn- hmbn Fgpn- p- Xv {i-
bns]npv. Fm Bcv epw krjvSnI
XoXw FXvsImv a\pjykrjvSnsb am{Xta Atlw
Dt- in- n- pq, F- Imcyw k`- n\npw hfsc
hyamWv. ZpB F ]Zw {]kvXpX kwt_m[n\v
(krjvSnIfpsS Ignhn\pdap kwKXnIv thnbp
kwt_m[n\v) (AuloZv P55) Fm krjvSnItfmSv
Ahv Ignhp kwKXnIfn klmbn\t]nm
saXns\ BcpwXs \ntj[npn (t]Pv 88) krjvSn
I FXv sImv ]n. A_vZpJm- Zn auehn- bm- Is
AXpt]mse atXv apPmlnZv ]WvUnX\pamIs Ahscmw
a\pjy krjv Sn- sb- bmWv Dt- in- pXv Hcp DZm- l- cWw
AuloZn \npw Ipdnmw.
""a\pjy inv A[o\amXpw ImcyImcW
_- - v AXo- X- hpamb Imcy- mbn kh- Xn-
sbpw {]Ya ImcWamb Amlphns\am{Xta B{ibn
mhq, Fpw ImcyImcW_ns ]cn[npdambn
nXn sNp Imcy- v thn B{i- bn- p- hm
Al-X-bp--h kmm ssZh-amb Am-l-ph-msX
apbmsXmpw Xsbn FpamWv emCemlCmlv
F ]cnip hmIyw \s ]TnnpXv (AuloZv.
]n. A_vZp JmZn auehn Iq t]Pv 25) Fm
a\pjys IgnhnpdapXpw Amlphn\v am{Xw Ign
hpXpamb Imcy... (t]Pv 12)
""KpW km- Z- \- nt\m tZmj \nhm- c- W- nt\m
Bbn a\pjycpsS Ignhn\v Apdap Imcyv thn
acn--htcm Pohn-n-cn-p--htcm Bb Bfp-I-tfmSv ZpB
sNpXv Bcm[\bmWv'' (AuloZv t]Pv 54)
""ASnaIsf \nebn a\pjy inv AXoX
amb Ignhpw {]m]vXnbpw Ahcn Btcm]npXv ]cam
_amWv. Ah Ahsc Xs klmbnm Ignhnm
- h- cp- amWv '' (t]Pv 66) CXp- t]mse Xs- bmWv ap
Ckvemlo- ]- nXmcpsS IrXn- I- fpw. Fm kI- cn
kzemlnbpsS DkvXmZv Pm auehn,Xs teJ\n
Pnnt\mSv klmbw tXSmsav ]bmbn FgpXnbncpp.
]I shfn- - n hnP\- amb acp- `q- an- bn- eqsS hgn- b- dn-
bmsX \Spt]mIp a\pjy ]SpItf Fs klm
bntW Fv hnfnp]dm AXn a\pjy\p]pdsa
Pn pw aepw s]Spsav Atlw Zphym- Jym\w
\Snbncp-p.]ehw Ckvemlv amknIbn Pm au
ehnbpw apw hnP\{]tZis Pnnt\mSp klmbtX
-s-n Bhn-s-gp-Xn-bn-pw Pmau-e-hnsb Xncp-
p- - Xn- \p- ]- Icw ae- n- t\mtSm Pnn- t\mtSm klmbw
BhiysSmtam? Ah klmbnptam? F N Pm
auehnbpsS BteJ\ns Dtiyta A Fv ]dv
kzemln Xs ]pkv X- I- neqsS \ymbo- I- cn- m\mWv
{ianp- Xv . k- I- cn- m- kzem- ln- bpsS tat\m- - n- en- d-
p Ckv emlv amkn- I- bn hnP- \- {]- tZ- is Pnn-
t\mSqw aent\mSpap klmbtXw ]ehw Bhn
npw Snbm AsXmpw Insv \SnpIbmWv. sIm
v apv ammSv shv kpnIfpambn \Snb
hmZ- {]- Xn- hm- Z- n {]kv XpX lZokv fCu- ^m- sWv
kzemln BW- bnv hy- am- n- b- XmWv . Zp_- e- amb
lZokmsWv AwKoIcnpsImvXs kzemln AhnsS
apkvenw Pnns\ Fgpnm\pw {ianncpp. Zp_e
amb lZokns Imcyn Ii\amb \ne]msSSpp
21
apPmlnZpIv tN coXnbmtWm CXv. kakvXmsc
tmse kzw hmZw-m-]n-m Zp_e lZokpw ]p-
sa bpn Fhn- sS- \n- m- Wmthm kem- lnv Inn- b- Xv.
Cu Hcp hnjbn am{Xa ]e hnjbnepw Atlw
ZphymJy\w \S- n- bncp- p. Bb- ns\ Zphym- Jym- \n-
p--hcpw Zp_-e-l-Zokv sImp-\-S-p--hcpw C_v\p
XoanbbpsS ^Xmhm Bhnp hmbns
dG Z Y jhCJh j~G hCG BGdG a e
dG Y e a HdGh HdG Y hG
Ggh,VGG Y d dG jCG ~e
dG e gh OE Gh b~fdG d a
(13243U: ihdG )SG jO eQGVE H
kzlm- _n- I- fn- \npw Xm_n- D- I- fn\npw Adn-
bs X^vkodmhn[w JpB\ns\bpw lZokns\bpw
Bscnepw hniZoIcnm Ah Amlphns t]cn
Ifhv Btcm]nph\pw Amlphns hN\sf \ntj
[nph\pw, hN\m\v \nv sXnph\p
amWv . CXv \nXXz- n- sbpw aX- \n- tj- [- nsbpw
IhmSw Xpd- - em- Wv . - Zo- \p Ckv eman\v \nc- m
s]mhmZamWsXXv kphyamWv Pnv ]nimNv hnj
bn AXncpIhnbpIbpw ZphymJym\w \In Xs
hmZ {]amWoIcnm\pamWv kIcn kzemln {ian
p- - Xv . {]m- \- bp- tSbpw Bcm- [- \- bp- tSbpw Xulo- Zn-
tbpw \nN\w ]dbptmsfmw Asn Amlp
hn \np Imcymhptmsgmw a\pjyIgnhn\
XoXw F {]tbmKambncpp \mfnXzsc D]tbmKnncp
Xv. FXm\pw DZmlcW NphsS sImSpmw.
a\pjy Ignhn\XoXw
1. a\pjy IgnhnXoXamb Imcyfn Pohnncnp-h
tcmtSm acn - - h- tcmtSm klmbm\ \S- p- Xv
inmWv (sI. IpoXpaZ\n, Amlphns Huenbm
t]Pv 102)
2. a\pjy Ign- hn- \- p- d- ap amK- - fn IqSn cbpw
in bpw KpWhpw tZmjhpw sNm Ign - bp- Xv
BmtWm Aht\mSp At]mWv {]m\ Fv
]d-bpXv (CmanI hnizmk ]mT, 4mw mkv sI.
F.-Fw. hnZym-`ymk t_mUv, t]Pv 32,36)
3. a\pjy Ignhn\v km[nm Imcyfnep klmb
tXw krjvSnItfmSv \SpXv A\phZnsSmXm
Wv . {]kvXpX tXw Bcm[\bmWv AXv Amlphnt\mSv
am{Xta tXSmhq (Amlphns\ GI\mpI kpsseam
\Zvhn t]Pv 17)
4. a\pjy inv A[o\amXpw ImcyImcW _-
- v AXo- X- hpamb Imcy- mbn kh- Xn- sbpw
{]Ya Imc- W- amb Am- lp- hns\ am{Xta B{i- bn- mhq
(AuloZv, ]n.A_vZp JmZn auehn Iq t]Pv 25)
5. KpW kmZ\nt\m tZmj \nhmcWnt\m Bbn
a\pjycpsS Ignhn\v Apdap Imcypthn acn
htcmSv Pohnncnphtcm Bb BfpItfmSv ZpB sNp
Xv Bcm[\bmWv. (AuloZv t]Pv54)
6. ASn- a- I- sf \nebn a\pjy inv AXo- X- amb
Ignhpw {]m]vXnbpw Ahcn Btcm]npXv ]cam_
amsWpw hmkvXhn Ah Ahsc Xsbpw klm
bnm Ignhp hcspw kv]jvSambpw {]kvXmhnp
p. (Au-loZv t]Pv 66)
23
7. C\n a\pjymXoX int Xsf cnm Ignbp
I-bp-q-shv Ahv ZrV t_m[y-am-bn-o-cp-p. Cu
k`- n Ah- cpsS a\- n \nv \njv If- - amb
{]m-\-I-fp-b-cp-p. (Cm-ans Poh Ipo-Xp-a-Z\n
t]Pv 24)
8. a\pjy a\dnp {]mnp ]e k`fpap
v . Xma- c- tcn Npc- n- eqsS IS- p- t]m- Ip Hcp _v
Hcp hf-hn-se-n-b-tm \nb-{Ww hnSp-p. C\n a\p-
jym-XoX in-p-am-{Xta Rsf cn-m Ign-bp-I-
bpp Fv Ahv ZrU t_m[yapmIpp. (Cmans
ASnd XuloZv IpoXp aZ\n t]Pv 52)
9. a\pjyIgnhn\v AXoXamb Imcyfn krjvSnItfmSv
klmbw tXSpXn\v JpB inv Fv ]dXn\v
sXfnhpv. (AI _qv 65, hnNn\w 2011 sabv 13 t]Pv
9)
10. a\pjyIgnhn\v AXoXamb Imcyp klmb
tw Bcm[\bmWv.
(A-m-lp-hns\ GI-\m-p-I kpsse-am \Zvhn t]Pv
16)
11. \ntmSpam{Xw R klmbw Anpp F -
hmIyw a\pjy inv Apdp Imcyfn ssZh
tmSmsX amtcmSpw \mw klmbs A`yncp
sXv ]Tn- n- p- p. (^m- n- l- bpsS Xocv , sI. Da
auehn, t]Pv 63)
12. a\pjy in[o\fm Imcysf kw_nn
Stmfw ssZhtmSmsX amtcmsSnepw klmbs
An- p- Xv Ahsc Bcm- [n- p- Xv t]mse Xs
Ahv ZnhyXzw Dsv hniz-kn-p--Xns ê-am-I-
bm A\ysc Bcm[nphsc t]mse Xs AhtcmSv
ap\pjy inv ]pdsabp hnjbfn klmbs
Anphcpw Ahsc ssZhtmSv kmZriysSpp
IbmWv. (^mnlbpsS Xocv Da auhen t]Pv 63)
13. Amlphns klmbhpw tcmKia\hpw GXv cq]n
emsWv \apmXamWv. tUmIvS sNnXv t]mse
Amlp t\pt\sc hv ]cntim[nv acpv \Ipsa
Dt-iyw. adnv a\pjyv Ignbm XnIpw Imcy
ImcW _XoXamb AùXnI amn klm
bnpsamWv. (CkvXnKmk: ZphyJym\w sNsSp
BbpI im^nkzemlnNeocn t]Pv 8)
14. a\pjy Ignhn\XoXamb Imcy-vthn \S-p
klmb\Iv CkvXnKmk Fv ]dbpsav (t]Pv
9)
15. Npcpn a\pjy ]ckv]cw sNp AhcpsS Ign
hnepw \nb{Wnepw s]Sm klmb Amlp
hnt\mSv am{Xta tNmZnm ]mSpp. CXmWv CkvXnKm
kbpsS CmanI hoWw. (CkvXnKmk: ZphymJy\w
sNsSp BbpI t]Pv 14 im^n kemln Nn
te-cn) (t]-Pv-27, 31)
16. Npcpn a\pjyIgnhns ]cn[nbs]Sm klm
b- /Aù- Xn- I- amb klm- b- / Imcy- Im- cW _-
- Xo- X- amb klmb Am- lp- hn- t\mSv am{Xta
tNmZnm ]mSppshv tahniZo-I-c-W-n \npw
a\-n-em-m km[n-pw. t]Pv(32)
17. km[mcW kz`mhnem GXv klmb {]Xobpw
tXhpw {]m\bpamWv. Acw klmbw sN a\p
jys Ignhns ]cn[nbn s]X. (hmZ{]XnhmZfn
25
eqsSF.]n. bpambn A`napJwC.sI.Fw. ]q t]Pv 97)
18. A]IS Lfn A`bw tXSnbncpXpw Bhiy
fpbnncpXpw AhtcmSmbncpp ap\jyIgnhpI
XoXamb knnI IpIpw acpw Ah Ah
tcm[np. ssiJv aplZv_v\p A_vZp hlm_v Ipn
aplZv ]dq t]Pv 9)
19. `ctanpI, ImcyImcW\nbafneqn \nv AXn
\pds Imcy ]Shs\ G]npI F efnX
amb thKw a\nemhp kXyw, XXzw (XuloZv , Xhq
ew, kpssl Npdt]Pv 13)
20. ImcyImcW \nba ]menWw. Ah a\pjy Ign
hns]XmWv. Ignhns]Imcyfn Ah\h Xs
bmWv DchmZn (t]-Pv-13)
21. IgnhpIpdph ]Shs\ GnWw. (t]-
Pv-14)
22. a\pjyIgnhn\v ]pdsabph Kbv_nbmb m\w Am
lphnam{Xw ]cnanXamIpp. (A a\m 1985 G{]n
t]Pv 46)
23. a\pjy Ignhn\XoXamb {]iv\fn ad hgnbn
eqsS Fs\ klmbw e`npsadnbmsX, GXp klm
bhpw Fn- p- hm Ign- hph Am- lpam- {X- am- Wv .
Fm Cu kXyn \nv hfsc AIenemWv ssZh
hnizmknI. ]S dns\ Hcp t\mp Ipnbmbn \nn
Ahs krjvSnItfmSv klmbw tXSpp. aepI, Pnp
I, ac- W- s- - h, Pohn- n- cn- p- - h, hr- k-
(Aa-\m 2006 P\p-hcn t]Pv-19)
23. a\pjycpsS klmbw sImv ]cnlcnm Ignbm
{]bm-k-fpw {]iv\-fpw Dm-Ip-tm-fmWtm AP--
\mb Hcp intbmSv klmbw tXSpXv. (Aa\m 2006
P\p-hcn t]Pv 18)
24. krjv Sn- I- tfmSv klmbw tXScp- sXv sXfn- bn- m
]nXm ]dXpw FgpXnbXpamb F{Xtbm sXfn
hpI \psS apnepv. (Aa\m 2006 P\phcn t]Pv
22)
25. a\pjyIgnhn\XoXamb hn[n cminItfn
m- \p Ignhv Cu {]]- - n Am- lp- hn- \- msX
amsnepw Dsv hnizknm inmIpw. (Am
lphns Huenbm, IpoXpaZ\n)
26. {]hmNIt]mepw a\pjyIgnhn\XoXamb AZriy
Adnbpsap IcpXmhXspw AZriyImcy Adnbp
hm\p Ignhv Amlphn\v am{XamsWpw idlp AJm
CZn {]kvXmhnpp. (CkvXnKmk.sI.]n.t]Pv: 130,131)
27. {]hmNIam a\pjyIgnhn\XoXamb ]e ApX
IrXy- fpw sNbvXn- p- v. bYm- n Ah- cpsS Ign-
hnepw A[o\nepw s] Imcyambncpn AXv. (AtX
]pkvXIw, t]Pv 132)
28. a\pjyIgnXoXamb Imcy PnpItfmSpw aep
ItfmSpw tNmZnm inmhnsmWv ChnsS kcn
bpsS t\Xr- Xz- n- ep ke- ^n- tSm Xpdp {]Jym- ]n-
p--Xv. (kp-n-thmbvkv 2008 s^{_-hcn , t]Pv-11)-
29. ""B Ignhnpdap Imcysfpdnp tNmZysf
kw_- n- mWv aebmf `mjbn km[m- cW {]m\
Fv D]- tbm- Kn- m- dp- Xv'' (sIm- pdw kwhmZw, H.- Fw.
XcphW t]Pv 10)
30. apPmlnZv ]WvUnX AXn\pw adp]Sn ]dp : ""{]m
\At] hopw hcpp. Amlp a\pjy\v km[mcW
27
sImSp- m- dp Ign- hn- - Xo- X- amb Imcy- - fn Ah- tcmSv
At]npXmWv {]m\'' (AtX]pkvXIw t]Pv 21)
""apPmlnZv ]WvUnXm ]d Cu bmYByw
AwKoIcnm Iqmm kakvX kpnIv HSphn
B kXyw AwKo-I-cn-tn hp.'' (Ckvemlv 2004 amv
t]Pv 24)
31. a\pjy Ignhnpdap klmb tXn\mWtm apPm
lnZp ]WvUnXm sImpdv {]m\ Fv hniZoI
cn--Xv. (Ckvemlv 2004 amv t]Pv 24)
32. CXpXsbmWv apPmlnZpI ]d a\pjy Ignhn
pdp klmbhpw, AXynIw, ]caw Fsmw ]d
bp- - Xv . a\p- jy- I- gn- hn- - p- d- p kwK- Xn- m- sW
kXyw kakvX kpnIfpw AwKoIcnpatm? (Ckvemlv
2004 amv t]Pv 25)
kpsseam kJm^n amfntbt]mepw apPmln
ZpIfpsS hnizmks pdnv a\nemnbncpp. At
lns kpv PamAv F ]pkvXIn [mcmfw
ev a\p- jy- I- gn- hn- \- XoXw apPm- ln- Zp- I- fpsS hmZ- am-
sW ka\w ImWmw.
a\pjyIgnhn\pdap Imcyfn Pohn-p--h-
tcmtSm acnhtcmtSm klmbm\ \SpXv _lp
ssZhmcm[\ inmsWv, CkvXnKmk hntcm[nIfpsS
hmZn\v JpB, kpv apnw temIns CPvam
Av XpSnbh- bn- sempw bmsXm- c- Sn- m- \- hp- an- sv
CXn \nsmw hyamIpp. (kpv PamAv
kpsse-am kJm^n amfn-tb- 9mw ]Xnv t]Pv-47)
a\pjyIgnhn\pdap Imcyfn PohnXImepw
acWtijhpw \_n(k)tbmSv klm_v klmbw tXSn
bXmbn lZokpIfn ImWmhpXmWv. (t]Pv 38)
kemaXv(d) apdnthImepambn \_n(k)sb kao]nXv a\p
jyIgnhn\pdp klmbw {]hmNI khn[n \nv
e`n-p-sa hnizmktmsSbmbn-cp-p. (t]-Pv-39)
adhnv a\pjyIgnhn\pdap {]Xnhn[ntXSnbmWv
A_vZplpdbvd(d) \_nsb kao]npXv (t]Pv 39), a\p
jyIgnhn\pdnep amKneqsS shw e`nW
sat kzlm_nam B{KlnpXv? (t]Pv 40), a\p-jy-
I-gn-hn-\-p-d-p amK-n-eqsS {]iv\-n\v ]cn-lmcw
ImWpIbpw sNpp. (t]Pv40) \_n(k)tbmSv a\pjyIgn
hns]-Sm Cu Imcyw tNmZnpXvsImv apivcnm
IpIbnsv d_oAv (d) hnizknpp. (t]Pv41) A
s\sbn a\pjyIgnhn\pdp Ccw Imcy
tNmZnXv inmsWv \_n(-k) D]-tZinpambncp
n-. (t]-Pv-41)
Npcp- - n a\p- jy- I- gn- hn- \- p- d- ap Imcy-
tNmZn- p- - Xn\v Cm- an hntcm- [- ansv {]am- W-
ncoIcnncnpIbmWv. (kpv PamAv: amfntb
kpsseam kJm^n t]Pv 41)
a\p- jy- I- gn- hn- \- Xo- X- amb Imcy- \_n(- k)
sNbvXncpXv apAvPnkneqsSbmWv. apAv Pnkv kzX
{ambn CjvSw t]mse sNmhp Hcp Ignh. Amlp
Dty- in- p- tm Ah- \p- t- in- p {]hm- N- I- m- cpsS
ssIbneqsS shfnhmp Aam\pjnIamb ApXamWv
apAvPnks hkvXpXsb adpshv sImmWv kJm
^nam P\sf hnpXv. Fnepw a\pjyIgnhn\
XoXamb Imcy Amlphn \nv am{Xta DmIp
F hnizmkw apPmlnZpIfpsS hnizmksamWv kJm
^n t]mepw \Xv t]mse a\nemnbnXv.
29
a\pjy Ignhpw klmbtXhpw
Amlp AmsXmw krjvSnbmWv a\pjycpw
aepw Pnpw IpXncbpw HIhpw sPkn_nbpw.... Fmw
krjvSnbmWv. krjvSnIv Hmtcmn\pw hyXykvXamb
Hmtcm IgnhmWv Amlp \InbXv a\pjy\v `qanbneqsS
IpXn- csb t]mse HmSm- \m- hn- , Pe- n- eqsS ay- s-
tmse \om\pamhn BImineqsS ]dhIsftmse
]dm\pamhn Fncpmepw a\pjy\v Amlp ap Pohn
In- m [mcmfw Ign- hp- I \In- bnpv AXn
Ghpw khntijambXv hntij _pnbpw AdnhpamWv.
Ah- \mWv `qanbn- ep- - sXmw \nv thn krjvSn-
p--Xv. (2:29)Fm hkvXp-tfbpw krjvSn-n-cn-p-Xv
a\pjy\pthnbmWv òamImcamb B\sb Xfm\pw \oe
n- aow- K- es th- bm- Sm\pw Amlp a\p- jy\v Ignhv
\In-bn-pv hmkvX-h-n a\p-jy-s\-m F{Xsbm
Ccn hephpw inbpap PohnItfmSv anSm {]Ir
Xym a\pjy\v km[yasnepw Fm PohnIsfbpw hcp[n
bnemm\p Adnhpw _pnbpw Amlp a\pjy\v \In
bnpv. a\pjycnXs Hmtcmcppw hyXykvXamb
IgnhmWpX.v Amlp a\pjy\v \bpw Xnbpw {]hm
N-I-m aptJ-\-bpw, thZ-{K-- aptJ-\bpw ]Tn-nv
sImSppp. CjvSapXv sXcsSpm\p kzmX{yw
\In. a\pjyscbpw PnpIsfbpw Amlphns\ Bcm
[nphm am{XamWv krjvSnncnpsXv Amlp Hman
np. Amlphns krjvSnIfns asmcp hamWv
aepI. ]m]kpcnXXzaphcmWv Ah Amlp
hns I]\I ewLnpIbn. a\pjycpw PnpIfpw
]e hnjbnepw kzX{cmWv. kXyhnizmkw kzoIcn
m\pw \- sN- p- hm\pw kzmX- {yap- - Xp- t]m- se- Xs
Ahnizmkw kzoIcnm\pw XnsNphm\pw a\pjypw
Pnn\pw Amlp kzmX{yw \Inbnpv. a\pjysc
tmse PnpIpw hnXykvXamb IgnhmWv DXv. a\p
jyt\m ]e inbpw Ignhpw imcocnIambn Ahv
Ds-nepw a\p-jy-t\mfw _pntbm Adnthm Ahn-
sv thWw a\nemm. Ah\mWv `qanbnepsXmw
\npthn krjvSnpX-Xv. (hn.Jp. 229) CXmWv
hyampXv a\pjysc kw_nnStmfw PnpI
AZriy PohnIfmWv. Cu hnjbIambn {]amW ]d
bp- Xv AXvt]mse hniz- kn- p- - X- msX AXn IqSp-
X Adnbm bmsXmcp \nhmlhpan. {]amWn\pdw
Nntm, At\zjWnt\m ]coWtm, imkv{X
nt\m, et_mdntm hgp hnjbanXv AXn\m
aepIsf ]nbpw PnpIsf]nbpw IqSpX ]dbpXpw
NnnpXpw A]ISamWv Dulntepw kn
tepw A\mhiy òXnbntepw A]k]IYIfntepw
Fntcms\ Ccw At\zjtWmZy-a hgnshq.
X\n- m- h- iy- an- m Imcy- v Xe- bn- Sm- Xn- cn- - emWv
apnwIsmw \Xv. Pnphnjbn tIptIhnbpw
apn IYIfpw Ipnmew apXte \psSsbmw a\
n ]]nSnv InSppv. {Umpfbpw `qXt{]XmXn
Ifpw c ckpw Khamcpw \nd slmd IY
I Nnev mkn kmlnXytam t\cwt]mn\p
hnt\m- Ztam cpNn- tb- dnb hn`- htam BImw Acw Zln-
m- - sXmpw hmcn- hn- gp- m aX- ns t]cn \mw
t]mtIXn. Cu ASp Imev an\n kv{Io\pIfn
31
hnizknmepw Csnepw t]msebp [mcmfw òXnP
\nnp UnIvohpI tIcfnse hnhn[ Nm\epI
kwt{]jWw sNbvXncpp. \psS IpnIsf CsXms
hmsX kzm[o- \n- pp ambm- hn, Un, amPnIv amep,
I]ojv IYI shdpw t\ctmn\p IYI am{XamWv.
AXn- sempw bmsXmcp Imcy- hp- an- sv ]noSv \psS
IpnI a\nemppapv. AXpt]mse kvamcI ine
I, Jmns CXnlmkw, ssZhns Iv, Aemhp
os ApX hnfv, Bbncsmv cmhpI, jev
tlmwkv, Ccpns Bm, `mKhn \nebw XpSnb
aebmf kmlnXynse t{]X Sp IYIfpw IYm]m
{Xfpw IYam{Xambnt tIcfw kzoIcnnpq. IYmkm
lnXytemIs òXnP\nnp ambmgvNI A`y
hnZycmb tIcfobcpsS PohnXs Hpw kv]inncpn.
Ckvemln {]m\ns (1921 \v apv) \hPmIcWn\v
app Pmln- enbm apnw tIcfw Pnv , ]nim- Nv , amv ,
amcWw XpSnb òXnbpsS \ngen APvXbpw Ahn
izmkhpw am{Xw IqSndmbn kzoIcnpsImv IcnpX
n\pn aqSnpXv Ddnbhcmbncpp. APvRXbpsS
At- hm- kn- Isf ]utcm- lnXyw Bhpw hn[w NqjWw
sNbvXp. hn[nbpsS th arKambn \pIw t]dp ImfI
fmbn PohnXw tlman- m Ah hn[n- - s- p. hnip
JpB\ns shfntanh Ckvemln {]m\w apnw
tIcfs am{Xa tIcf kaqls samnXs
kzm[o- \n- m am{Xw i- ambn hfp. FXn- cm- fn-
It]mepw kXy{]m\ns BZiw AwKoIcnp
Ahbntev amdn sI.F.Fw. P\d sk{Idn F.
]n. A_vZp JmZ auehnbpsS honep kv{XoIt]mepw
]v Pnp-Iq-n-bn-cp-p-shv Atlw]d-bp-I-bp-mbn.
apPm- lnZv {]m- \- n- tev IS- p- h- - tm At- l-
ns hon am{Xa \mnepw PnpIqpXv tIm
sXbmbn. ""sNdnb IpnI Dbvv ]nbn t]mbm
dqlm\n ]nSnpw cm{Xnbn t]mbm Pnv ]nSnpw Fm
bncpp Dam D]tZinncpXv'' (F.]n. A_vZp JmZn
auehn- - ap- Pm- lnZv Ggmw kw- B\ kt- f\w Ncw
Ipfwkph\o) Cu Imev kpnIfnepw Pnv IqSepw
Iqepw tImdn. Fm B ]gb Ahnizmk
]p\xkrjvSnm\p {ianemWv kcnbm kzem
lnbpw Iqcpw \n`mKyhim Gs]ncnpXv. òXnP
\Iamb Ahnizmkns Ccpdbn \nv tamNnX
cmhm a\pjyv km[nWsan ss[cyw Dmbm
am{Xw t]mcm AXnep]cnbmbn Nmyanm ssZhnI
hnizmkamWv Bhiyw. Xhpent\m kpcnXamb
asmcp A`bhpw ]cnlmchpan. Cuam\neqsS am{XamWv
Aw\v (\n`bXzw) ssIhcnIbpq.
(2: I~FG) Gh~dGh KEG Y fhJ h idGh dG Y GfhJh
]pWynepw [\njvTbnepw \n At\ym\yw
klmbn- p- I, ]m]- nepw AXn- {I- a- nepw \n
At\ym\yw klmbn- - cp- Xv. (- am- CZ 2) Cu Bb-
ns ASnm\n a\pjy Ahs Ignhns]
Imcyfn ]ckv]cw klmbw tNmZnpIbpw klmbn
pIbpw sNpp.Fm krjvSnIfn s] Pnv,aev
Fo htmSv CuBbns\ B[mcamn a\pjyv
klmbw tXSmtam? Cu Bbv \ Imcyn a\pjy
]ckv]cw sNt klmb klIcWspdnmsX
assnepw Dtinpptm?krjvSnIfpsS Ignhn\p
33
d- p Imcy- mWv AùXnI Imcysav ]d- bp- I-
sb kIcnbm kzemlnbpsS hmZ{]Imcw Cu Bbns
]cn- [n- bnPnpw aepw s]tS- - Xt?kXy- hnizm- kn- I-
fmb a\pjy ]ckv]cw shp]pet ImcysfIp
dnpw _m[yXIsf]nbpw hyn,IpSpw_,kmaqlnI taJ
e- I- fn Hmtcm- cp- cpw ]men- t acym- Z- I- sf- p- dnpw
am\pjnI ]cnKW\bn samn Fma\pjytcmSp
ap- - s]- cpam coXn- sb- - nbpw ]n- ]- cn- ]m- e- \hpw I- h-
Shpw `cWm[n]sbpw `cWobcpsSbpw _m[yXIsf]
nbpsamw Cman IrXyamb \ntZiapv Nne DZmlc
W- km`n- I- ambn DWskXyhn- izmkn- I
aptJ\ \n\v ]n_ew \In (A^m 62 ) h-
h\pw \ip]misNbvXm AXnsemcp ]v Ah\pv
(\nkmAv55) \bpw Xnbpw Xpeya. Xnsb \sImv
{]Xntcm[npI Fn Ah \ns an{Xambnocpw (^p
kznev 34) `qanbn \Sp GXv Pphpw hmbphn
]d- p GXv ]d- hbpw \n- sf- tmsebp kap- Zm- b-
X- s- bmWv (6:38) Hcp- P- \- hn- `m- K- tm- Sp hntZzjw
\nsf A\oXnsNmt{]cnnmXncns(5:2) A\ym
bambn a\pjysc h[ncpXv(17:33)AhnthInIfn\nv hnv
\nWw Dul hPnWw (3:154)P\tfmSv Imcp
Wy-tmsS hn-Ww (15:88) Ip{]-N-c-W-v sNhn-
sImSpcpXv(24:12)P\sf tkhnWw (2:224)NqjWwsN
cpXv(2:159)hnphogvNsNWw (3:134)A\mhiyambnXn
cpXv(8:46)kmnIambnklmbnWw(2:184) Zcn{ZtcmSv
am\y- ambn- s]- cpam- d- Ww(4:36)]c- kv ]cw kv t\ln- m- n- S-
tmfw \n hnizmknIfmhpIbn,sNdnbhtcmSv Imcp
Wyw- Im- Wn- pI hen- b- hsc _lp- am- \n- p- I, BcpsS
\mhn\npw In\npw ap- - hkp- c- n- X- \mtWm
Ah\mWv apkvenw, CltemIv Hcp kXyhnizmknbpsS
Hcp hnjaw AInbm Amlp Ahs ]ctemIs
hnjaw AIpw, Abhmkn ]nWnInSs hbdp\ndp
ph \ns]h\, A\mYs\ XtemSpI km[p
hn\v Blmcw \IpI, kXy- hnizm- kn- I- Hcp- sI- nSw
t]msebmWv. sInSns Hcp`mKw asmcp `mKn\v
Xmm- Wv . - \n- Hmtcm- cp- cpw ktlm- Z- cs Im- Sn-
bm- Wv. Xs ktlm- Z- cs\ {]k- - h- Z- \- \m- bn- Im- Wp- - Xp-
t]mepw [amWv.ChnsS kqNnn JpBhN\fpw
lZokpIfpw a\pjy ]ckv]cw sNt _m[yXXIsf
nbmWv ]cmainpXv. CXpt]mep [mcmfw hN\
JpB\nepw kpnepapv a\pjy\v Pnnt\mSp
-_m-[y-X-sb--ntbm Pnn\v a\p-jy-t\m-Sp _m[y-X-
sb- - ntbm Jp- Bt\m lZo- tkm- {]- Xn- ]m- Zn- pptm?
Dsn As\sbmcp Bbtm lZotkm ImWnt.
(72: fC G ) ...... dG a j~dG chSG Gh
C\n aXImcyn Ah \nfpsS klmbw tXSpIbm
sW- n klmbn - m \n v _m[y- X-
bpv (A^m72)AXn\m- emWv Fmw XyPnv sImv
abn \nv aZo\bntev ]emb\w sNbvXncp aplm
PndpIsf CcpIpw \on kzoIcnv k kuIcyfpw
sNbvXpsImSp aZo\bnse kXy hnizmknIv Akm
dpI AYhm klmbnI Fv t]cv knnXv. Fnepw
kXy hnizmkns t]cn ktlmZcmcmbn o
Amlp Xr]vXns (Xu_.100) kzlm_nItfmSv Amlp
Hcp Imcyw {]tXyIw DWnbncpp, Icmdnep Ahn
izmkn- Is- Xnsc klmbw ]mSn- , Fm aX- Im- cy-
35
n kXyhnizmknI ]ckv]cw klmbnm _m[y
cmWv. JpssdinI aZo\sb A{Ianm {iantm
aZo- \- bnse _\q- ssJ- \p- Jm- Av _\q \fo _\q- Jp-
ssdfFo PqX tKm{XfpsS klmbw \_n (k) tNmZn
pIbpw Ah apkvenwsf klmbnpIbpw sNbvXn
cpp. \_n (k) h^mmIptm AhnSps ]Sbn
Hcp PqXs ssIhiw ]Wbnembncpp. abn \nv
dkq (k)Xzmbn- ^n- tev A`bw tXSn sNp. ]t
_p Atls klmbnnsp am{Xa sXcphp
]ntsc sImv IqInhnfnnpIbpw {Iqcambn A{Ian
pIbpw sNbvXp.XpSv Atlw Hcp PqXs klmb
tmsS AbmfpsS tXmn hn{ianp.am\pjnIhpw kmaq
lnIhpamb Imcyfn CkvemanI \nba imk\I ]men
psImv A\yaXhnizmknItfmSv t]mepw klmbw tXSp
Xpw Ahsc klmbnpXpw Ckvemw hnepnsv
CXn \npw {]kv]-jvSamWv.Fm Ccw k`-
fn- sempw \_n(- k)tbm klm- _n- Itfm ae- p- I- tfmtSm
PnpItfmtSm klmbw tXSnbnn FImcyw {]tXyIw
Hmt- - Xp- v.- a- X- Im- cy- n apkven- v ]c- kv]cw
_m[yXbpXv t]mse apkvenw Pnnt\mSv apkvenw a\p
jysc klmbn- m Amlp I]n- n- n- .- apkvenamb
HmcWm temIns hnhn[ `mKfn sImSnb
]oV\n - c- bm- Ip At\Iw kXyhn iz m- kn - I-
fp.vkXyhnizmkw kzoIcnXns t]cn abn \nv
BZyambn kzlm_nI lnPvd t]mbXv Aapkvenw cmPm
hmb FtXym- ]y- bnse \m- jn- bpsS ASpte- m- bncp-
p.Atlns klmbhpw kwcWhpw tXSpIbpw
Atlw apkv enwv A`bw \Ip- IbpwsNbv Xp.C-
cw Lfnsempw apkvenw PnpI apkvensf
klmbn- - Xm- bn- tI- n- n- .- Im- ^nPn- p- I a\p- jysc
Zpt_m[\w sNp- I- b- msX imco- cn- I- ambn D]- {Z- hn- p-
Itbm klmbnpItbm sNpambncppshn apkvenw
Pnn\v apkvenwsf klmbnm IgntbXt? A,
D]{Zhnmt\ Ignbq F hmZamtWm DXv.
D]{Zhnpsan Fsms D]{ZhamWv DXv.
A{Ian\pw sIme]mXIn\pw \psS sImp tIcf
nt]mepw Izt- j kwL- - fp- v . In,- tXm- v ,-
t_mw_v XpSnb acImbp[fpambn Ccsb t\cnSp
A{IanIsf At\zjtWmtZymKkvXcpw t]meokpw kn._n.
Fbpw ]nSn- Iq- Sm- dp- v . kwi- b- ns _en \nb- a-
ns ]gpXneqsS IphmfnI csSmdpv. Fm
{]amZamb A`btIkpw tNI tIkpw shv t_dn
tIkpw sXfnbnsp. AZriy\mb Hcp sImebmfn GsX
nepw Hcp sIme]mXIntem kwL\ntem B{Ia
Wntem IrXyw \nlnp F dntmv \mw CtX
hsc tInn. ]nimNn\v a\pjys icocs t{Zmlnm
]p ]cn[n F{XbmWv.
(15:dG) h~Y e jdG Y T e dG KSa
Xs In- bn s]- h i{X- p]- - p- - h- s\- Xn- cn
AtltmSv (aqkm\_n) klmbw tXSn.
aqkm- \_n(A)tbmSv Xs In- bns]- bm
klmbw tXSn - b- tm ^tdm- h- bp sS In - bn
s]h\n\nv Abmsf aqkm- \_n cn- p.Cu A{I- a-
n\nv csSm Ba\pjy GsXnepw Pnnt\mSv
klmbw tXSn - bn - . - t\sc ap n I aq km- \-
_n(A)tbmSmWv klmbw tXSn- bXv.A- bmsf cn- m
37
aqkm-\-_nv sNdnb ssI{]-tbmKw \S-t-n-h-cn-Ibpw
A_him Atlw sImsSpIbpw sNbvXp.XpSv
aqkm- \_nv \mSp- hn- tS- n- h- p.- aqkm- \- _n- bpsS In-
bns]bmsf klmbnm Hcp Pnn\v Ignncps
n aqkm- \_n v \mSp- hn - tS- n - hcpam- bn - cp- n -
.XpSp [mcmfw {]bmkfpw t\cntSnhcpambn
cp- n
(52:GY BG) dGQfCG f jQGG b dG EG QfCG e b
Amlphntev Fs klmbnIfmbn Bcpv? (Cukm
\_n Xs A\pbmbnItfmSv tNmZnp) lhmcnI ]dp
R Am-lp-hns klm-bn-I-fm-Ip-p.-kqdv kz^v
64 epw CtX Imcyw Bhnppv.Xs ASp A\p
bmbnItfmSmWv Xs cnm Cukm\_n klmbw
tXSnbXv Cu hn]Ln Atlw apkvenw Pnnt\mSv
klmbw tXSnbn FXv Gsd{itbamW.v aqkm\_n
Xs IpSpw_sbpw Iqn ko\m ]XXmgvhmcneqsS
t]mbnsImncnptm Hcp shfnw A]w Zqsc \nv
ImWpIbpmbn shfntam Hcp hgnbmb{Xmcs\tbm
klmbnbmbn e`nWsa DtitmsSbmWv Atlw
AhntSv sNXv hnP\{]tZiamb B ev [mcmfw
Pnp- I Dm- hm Gsd km[y- X- bp- m- bnpw aqkm-
\_n(A)Hcp apkvenw Pnnsbpw klmbw tXSnbXmbn
sXfnhn.h AmCe êmXl Zm\wtNmZnp hcp
hs\ \o hncntbmSncpXv hbw\Du\ amDu ]tcm
]Imc hkvXp XSbcpXv CXpt]mep BbpIfpw
Cu Bibw hcp [mcmfw lZokpIfpw \apsmw kp]
cnNnXamWtm Ccw BbpIfpw lZokpIfpw a\p
jy ]c- kv]cw sNt klmb kl- I- c- W- s- ]- n- b-
msX Pnv a\pjyt\mSv sNt klmbsn ]dbp
n- tm.
(197: GYC G)hj fC G h cf j fhO e Y~J jdGh
Ah\p ]pdsa \n hnfnp {]mnphsmpw
\nsf klmbn- p- hm km[n- p- I- bn- . - kz- tZ- l-
vXsbpw Ah klmbw sNpIbn(A-Avdm^v
197)
d a HQ J PE G
(9:fC C G) aOe FG e dC H c~ C G
\n \nfpsS dnt\mSv klmbw tXSnbtm XpSsc
XpSscbmbn Bbncw aepIsf Cdnsmv Amlp
\nv Dcw \In(A^m 9) Cu B-b-ns\
hniZoIcnpsImv alqw Aam\n auehn FgpXnbXv {in
pI Xncpta\n dnt\mSv _Zdn klmbw Anpw
{]mnpw sImn- cpp CXn- s\- - n- bmWv CZv Xkv X-
Kokq.....FhN\w AhXcnXv s]mXphn kXy hnizm
knIsfmw Amlphns klmbn\v thn At]n
ncnpsav ]dtbXntm? bYmnep klm
bhpw hnPbhpw e`npXv Amlphn \np am{X
amWv AYhm aepIsf sImtm B _ew sImtm
Bbp[ insImtm atm A Amlphn \nmsX
cbpw klmbhpw e`nm aman. Ahs klmb
hpw cbpans- n atXp in- sImpw kzm[o\w
sImpw AXp km[ya. AXn\m GXp knKvZ L
nepw Aht\mSp am{XamWv klmbn\t]nt
Xv FmWv CXneSnb ]mT (hn.Jp.hnhcWw Aam\n
auehn hmfyw 2 t]Pv 124125)
39
C.sI.Fw.]q, sI.F.Fw.P\d sk{Idn F.
]n.A_vZp JmZ auehnbpambn \Snb hmZ{]Xn hmZ
fneqsS F A`napJ ]pkvXIn \npw hmbnpI
""CZv XkvXKokq\ dIpw.... , \n \nfpsS dnt\mSv
Ckv Xn- Kmk sNbv X- tm F- Xns Aw, \n
{]mntm FmWv Atm Bbncw aepIsf Cd
nsmSppsImv Amlp Ahscklmbnp. _Zdnse
Cu CkvXnKmk (klmbtXw){]m\bt?(hmZ{]Xn
hmZfneqsS, t]Pv 78) ùXnI coXnbnep klmba
\_n(k)bpw kzlm_nIfpw {]XonncpXv. ......CkvXn
Kmk F ]Zw {]m\ F An D]tbmKn
mdpv km[mcWklmbn\ ImcyImcW_n
s]Sm AYhm Aù-Xn-I-amb klm-b-n\v.(hmZ-{]Xn
hmZfneqsS, t]Pv 88) ChnsS F.]n. aepIfpsS klmbw
AùXnIamsWpw ImcyImcW_v Apdp
XmsWpw hyampp. Fm kIcnm kzemln
aepIfpsS klmbw ùXnIsapw krjvSnIfpsS Ign
hn s]sXpamWv PnpXv. _Zdnse klmbs
kw_np JpB BhnpXv ImWpI {]tXyI
AS- bm- f- ap Am- bncw ae- p- I apJ- tJ\ \nsf
Amlp klmbnp (-BepC{am 125) - \n Zp_e
cmbn t Amlp _Z- dn \n - sf klmbn p(-
BepC{am 123) ......... dG ~Y e E G dG eh klmbw Amlp
hn\np am{XamWv (BepC{am 126, A^m 10)_Z
dn ]sSp kzlm_nIv Bbp[hpw AwK_ehpw
Gsd Zp_eambncpp Fnepw dkq Bhp{X k
cmhm kzlm_nItfmSv Bhiysp. \_n(k) AZriy
krjvSnIfmb apkvenw PnpIfpsStbm aepIfpsStbm
klmbw tXSnbnn. PnpIv a\pjyscm ]eI
gnhpw inbpapspw \mbdnbp \_n(k) krjvSn
IfpsS Ignhns] klmbsa hnizmktmsS tXSn
bpan. aepIfpsSbpw PnpIfpsSbpw klmbw ùXnI
ambncpp shn dkq Acw Lnsenepw ae
pIfpsS klmbw tXtSXt? Fm dkq Cs\
{]mnpIbmWv sNbvXXv.
G~HC G VQC G ~J d HdG g J E G dGp
\mYm! Cu sNdp kwLssbm\pw \o \innpI
bmsWn \o Hcnepw `qanbn Bcm[nsSpIbn.
\_n(- k)bpw kzlm- _n- Ifpw Am- lp- hn- t\m- Sv am{X- amWv
_Zdn klmbw tXSnbX.v Fm aepIsf Abp
sIm- mWv apkv enwsf Amlp klmbn- Xv . hn]
L- - fn ae- p- I- tfmtSm Pnp- I- tfmtSm klmbw
tXSn bm Ahv klmbn - m\mhp Ibn - sv
apiv cnpI t]mepw \Xv t]mse a\- m- em- n- bXv
sImmWv AhcpsS t\Xmhmb A_qPl _Zdn Am
lp- thmSv am{Xw klmbw tXSn- bXv .Cucv In- I- fn
Hv kXy- ns In- bmWv kXy- ns kwLs
hnPbn- n- t- Wta FmWv A_q- P- lt]mepw _Z-
dnhv Amlphnt\mSv {]mnncpXv
C\n Kpl- bn- e- I- shcpsS Ncn{Xw _pJm- cn- bn
hnhcnpXv ImWpI.
p a o r n fn e s n Y r o r n a n p r Ln h n An p r HG n p dn P o r n n a o r o c p E n a s o s dG
(Y e)
Amlpth, Rm CXp- sN- bv XXv \ns Xr]v Xn am{Xw
Dt- in- m- bncp- s- n R AI- s (Cu hnj- a-
n\nv) Rsf csSptWta Kplbn AI
41
s aqm- fpsS Ncn{X kw`hw \_n(- k) ]d- - Xmbn
_pJm- cnbpw apkv enapw D- cn- n- cpp. AhsNbv X
kI aptJ\ Amlphnt\mSv klmbw tXSnb
tm- gmWv Ahc- - s- Xv . hnP- \- amb epw Kpl-
bnepw AIstm Ah apkvenw Pnnt\mtSm aep
ItfmtSm klmbw tXSnbn.
.................. GSdh cAYO j gY~J EG n
\n Ahsc hn fn - p- { ]mn - m Ah \n -
fpsS{]m\ tIpIbn tIpsav k]nmepw
Ah \npcw \IpIbn(^mXzn 14) CuBb
ns\ hniZoIcnpsImv {]apJ ap^ndmb JpXzp_n
FgpXnbXv ImWpI Pnpw ssim\pw aepIfpw An
bmpfpsamw ChnsS Bcm[nsSpXn Dtin
sSpp.
....cAYO j FGdH H J C G C G
AXmbXv {]bmkLn \n AhtcmSv kmlmbw
tXSnbm \nfpsS {]m\ Ahv tIm\mhn(
JpXzp_n hmfyw 6 t]P 5418)
Y I~dG J dGREG H e
Xs {]bmkw \om Am- lp- thmSv Ah k- lmbw-
tXSpw.
jOG E G Gg Lj C G Rj K
WdGh AfC Gq Gh c j
ae- p- I Pnv , \_n- am, ]nim- Np- t]mse-
bp Bcm- [y- cn- tev Cu Bbv Dt- in- - s- Spw.
(JpXzp_n 14336)
CtXBbns\hniZoIcnpsImv asmcp C_m
dv IqSn ImWpI
UC Gh fE Gh G e dG hO e Oe c ~jj C G Rjh
Amlphn\v ]dsa Bcm[nsSp PnpIfpw a\pjycpw
hn{Klfpsamw ChnsS DtinSpw (dqlp_bm
hmfyw 7, t]Pv 333) Amlphn\v ]pdsa Bcm[nsSp
Pnp- Ifpw hn{K- l- - fp- samw ChnsS Dt- in- - s- Sp-
sadqlp _mbm- \nse ]cm- ai- s- n Btem- Nnv
t\mq. PohnncnpXpw acnXpamb almmcpsS ASp
tv bmYm- n- I- cmb P\- t]mIp- Xv ùXnI
klmbw tXSn- sIm- a\p- jyv km[m- c- W- bmbn- I- gn-
bm Imcy t\Sm thnbmWv Xopw AùXn
Iamb klmbamWv Ah{]XonpXv. hn{Klw Itm
actam Bbn- cnpw ImWmt\m tImt\m D]- Im- ctam
D]{Zhtam sNmt\m AXn\mhn. hn{Klskw_nv
hn{K-l-]q-P-It]mepw As\ hniz-kn-p-pan-. kqd:
\qlv 23 mw kqs Camw _pJmcn Cs\ hymJym\n
pp CsXmwkZvhrcmb GXm\pw BfpIfpsS \ma
fmWv Ahacntm Ah ]sSpncp kZpI
fn Nne cq]fpmn Bcq]v AhcpsS t]cv
\IWsav P\v ]nimNv Zpt_m[\w \In.A
hA{]Imcw sNbvXp Asmpw Ah Bcm[nsn
n. ]noSv ChcpsS Imew Igntm Chsbn icn
bmb AdnhnmsXbmbn. As\ Cu cq]f{Xbpw Bcm
[nsp(_pJmcn 6/133) hn{Klw D]Imtcm]{Zhw sNn
sv {]am- W- fn- eq- sSbpw Nc- n{X- n- eq- sSbpw kzw
A\p`hfneqsSbpsamw \mw a\nemnbnpv aa
d almmcpsSbpw PnpIfpsSbpw hnjbw hn{Kln
tXp t]msesbmWv. a\pjyIgnhnXoXamb Imcy
- fn- sempw \s- k- lmbn- m Pnp- Iv Ign- bn.
43
hn] Ln a\pjysc klmbnm PnpIm
hpambncpsn AXv AùXnItam {]m\tbm BIp
ambncpn Fv am{Xa hn]Lw F {]bmkLw
Xs a\pjyPohnXn DmIpambncpn.
IpoXpaZ\n, apivcnpIfpsS Bcm[\sb]n]
dbpXv ImWpI Bscmambncpp amapivcnpIfpsS
ssZh? apP\kaqlpsSsXt]mse AhcpsSbpw
ssZh ae- p- I ,Pn- p- I, {]hm- N- Iam,- a- p- a-
lmam,AhcpsS {]XnjvTI,_nw_,Pmd apX
embhbmbncpp._nw_sf am{XamWv AhBcm[nn
cpXv F[mcW Hcnepw icnb (Cmans ASn
d XuloZv , IpoXpaZ\n, t]Pv 35)acWs almamcpw
{]hmNIamcpw klmbwtXSnbm tIpIbn _nw_
fpw Pmd- fpw AXp- t]m- se- X- s- bm- Wv. CuIq- - n
XsbmWv aepIsfbpw PnpIsfbpw Atlw Fn
bX.v Jnbmaw\mfp- hsc Pohn- p- - h- cmWv ae- p- I-
Ahv t]mepw a\pjysc klmbnm\mhn.Cu hni
ZoIcWn\nv a\nemmw 17/56,57 FohN\s
hymJym\nv Pemsse\n hnhcnpp jYh Yh c jYh Yh c jYh Yh c jYh Yh c jYh Yh c
aepI,Cukm,Dssk Fnhsct]mep alm
m CXn DsSpw .apivpItf aepI ,Cukm,D
ssk XpSnbhscmw Amlphn\v ]pdsabp ssZh
- fm- sW- m- Wtm \nhm- Zn- p- sIm- n- cn- p- Xv .
\n Ahscsbmv hnfnv {]mnpt\mpI. Fm
Ahv \n- fpsS Zpcn- X- - f- I- mIgn- bp- I- bn (t]Pv
36)ApapX CvhscbpImebfhn hgnsXntmb
a\p- jy- a- - ae- p- I- v apX \nPoh hkv Xp-
v hsc Znhy- Xzw- I]nv Ahsc Bcm- [nv hcpp
FXv HcphkvXpXbmWv (Ckvemans Poh IpoXp
a-Z\n t]Pv 11) aepIsfbpw Cukm,Dssk XpSnb
{]hmNImscbpw F\nv ]pdsa cImcmbn kzoIcn
m- sav kXy- \n- tj- [n- I hnNm- cn- p- I- bm- tWm(18/102)
apivcnpI _nw_sfam{Xa aepI {]hmNIm
ap-a-lmam Fn-h-scbpw Ah Bcm-[n-n-cp-p(t]Pv
36) Hcmtfm HcpkwLtam A]ISn s]v \nlmb
cmbm a\pjys Ignhns]Sm klmbw Amlp
hn\v am{Xta sNm- \mhq Chn- sS- c- - bv mbp- - tX- w -
{]m\bmWv AùXnIamb klmbwam{Xsa Cu L
n Ah{]Xonppp. kXyhnizmknI Fm
thfIfnepw Amlphnt\mSv am{Xw {]mnptm kXy
\n-tj-[n-I a\pjycpsS klmbw km[yam thfbn
emWv {]m\ Amlphnt\mSv am{XampXv. Bcm[n
pIsbm Cemsltm dstm hnizknpItbm
kzbwIgnhpsv hnNmcnpItbmthXn adnv a\p
jy\v Amlp\Inb Ignhv apdnv \mw \nlmbcmhp
tm Pntm aetm cnpsatm cbvv thn
AhtcmSv tXSmsatm -hnizknpXv Ahsc Cemlm
emWv. sXn\nv tX]dnm\pw hop]IcW
\nn- m\pw temI- mcpw Am- lp- \n- t\mSv klmbw
tXSmdn. `Ww XctW agshwXctW tcmKw amtW
Fsms Bcv BhiysSptm Ahscmw AùXnI
-amKneqsSbp klmbtXamWv XfpsS \mYt\mSv
\S- p- Xv .kXy- hnizm- kn- I Am- lp- hn- t\mSpw _lp-
ssZh hnizmknI hymPssZhtfmSpw klmbw tXSp
Xv AùXnI amneqsSbp klmbtXw Xs
bm-Wv.-thfmwInbntepw GhmSnbntepw Kpcphmbq
45
cntepw tcmKw amdpIFDtitmsS t]mIpXv Imcy
ImcW_pdap klmbtXamWv. tcmKw amp
Xv Amlp am{Xambncns aptI{fntev tcmK
im- n- mbn t]mIp- Xv inm- Wv . - P- \n- bn\n-
tmatm ASpp\ntm AIev \ntm PnpI acpv
sImpXcpsav hnizkn AùXnIamb klmbw {]Xo
n- - emWv . Pnns\ Cn[w \psS klmbn- I- fmbn
Amlp \n- bn- n- n Pnn- t\mSv acpv tXSp- Xv
am{XasXv Pnv,Pnv ]qPIv acpsnvsImSpp
sa- - hnizm- k- hp- w- sX- mWv . Pm- \n\ntm P- \n-
bn\ntm Pnv a\pjy\v acpsnvsImSp Hcpkw
`hw tem- v - C- t- hsc Dm- bn- n ]nimNv ]qP-
It]mepw As\ AhImisnn. FnpwCs\
sbmcp CXnlmkIY Dmt Fv BhiyamWv kzem
ln-p-X.v
_Z- dn\- _n(- k)bpw kzlm- _n- Ifpw Am- lp- hn-
t\mSv am{X-amWv hnP-b-n-\pthn {]mn-Xv dkq
{]XonXv AùXnI klmbamWv apkvenfpsS hnP
b- n\v klmbn- Xv ae- p- I- fm- sW- nepw Bk- lmbw
ùXnI klm- b- ambn- cp- p- sh- n hc- t\- cn- Sp- tmgpw
shsmapmIptmgpw aomCute klmbntW
Fv \_n(- k) Bh- iy- s- Sp- ambn- cpp.tX- - ]- dn- m
apkvenant\mSv am{Xa Aapkvenant\mSpw \mw Bhiys
Sm- dpv Fm Ct- hsc tX- ]- dn- p- vXp- t]m- sebp-
GsX-n-ep-sam-cp-hn-j-b-n \mw Pnp-I-tfm-Svk-lm-
bwtXSmdn.Ccw ùXnI Imcyfn Ahv \s
klmbnm Ignbnsn AùXnI Imcyfn F
s\bmWv Ah \sklmbnpI ? a\pjyIgnhn\XoX
amb Imcysfmw AùXnIamWv Aapkvenw PnpI
imcocnIambn \s D]{Zhnpsan apnw Pnn\v \s
klmbnm\pw tkhnm\pw IgnbWambncpp. K^n
\nv `mctadnb hkvXp an\ppIIw sImphcm\pw
sInS\nmWw t]msebp `mcn tPmenI sNbvXp
Xpw Ah \-s-k-lm-bn-p-am-bn-cp-p. C-s\-sbmcp
hyh Amlphp\nbnpshv {]mamWnIambn sXfn
bnm Hcp kzemlnv km[ya. hn]Ln Am
lp- hn- t\mSv am{Xw tXSn- bmte c- s- Sm- \m- hq- shpw
ampw cn - m- \m- hn - s- p- ap Dd- - hn - iz mkw
sImmWv amapivcnpIt]mepw {]XnknLfn
AmlpthmSvam{Xw ctXSnbsXv {]amWneqsS \mw
a\n- em- n- btm, Fm kI- cn- m- kz- emlnbpsS Hcp
Zphym- Jym\w {inq! Hcm BIm- i- n- eqsS ]d- p-
t]m-Ip--Xmbpw sh-n-eqsS \S-p--Xmbpw Im
Abmfn ZnhyXzwIntXn ,Ba\pjys\ ]nimNv
XmnbXmsWv IcpXnbm aXn F Camw im^nbpsS
Hcp Juev ]nimNv a\pjys\klmbnpw FXn\v sXfn
hmbn Atlw Dcnnpv.hkvXpXsbmWvCXv Hcpkw
`hyambImcyalZotkmA\p`hbmYmXytam A Hcp
BemcnI{]tbmKw am{XamWv.
.......AGdG Y jhCG AG Y T LdG jCGQd
ChnsS eu F-{]-tbmK-n\nv Imcyw hyambna
\- n- emmw. Hcm]- d- p- - Xm- bn- I- mepw Abm- fnZn-
hyXzw IntXnshmNIs Pnns klmb
ambn sXncnnm\mWv kcnmkzemln {ianpXv
]nimNn\v Hcpa\pjys\ XmnnSnv ]dm Ignbpam
bncpsn hn]Lsasmcp {]bmkthf a\pjyPo
47
hnXn DmIpambncpn I apptmgpw hnam\w
InmemIptmgpw AXnephsc cnm Pnp
I aptm- p- h- cpam- bncpp, am{X- a ]nimNv a\p- jys\
Xmppshv ]Tnnm\ im^n(d) Cs\ A`n{]m
bsXv. Henb Nabphscbpw Ahsc amXrIbmp
hscbpw hnainm\mWv, Atlw Ccw ]cmaiw \S
nbXv. F`pXw Imepw AXnsempw ZnhyXzw Zin
tXns Hcp XXzw ]TnnemWv im^n(d) Dtin
n- p- Xv . ]nim- Nns\ al- Xzh- cn- p- - hv CXn-
sempw bmsXmcpsXfnhpw e`ya. CsXmcp lZokpa.
Iimkv{Xnse A`n{]mbwt]mepw BfpsS heptam
alXztam t\mnbnmbncpn ke^nI kzoIcnncp
Xv. {]am- W- wam{Xw kzoI- cn- p- Ibpw {]amW hncp- - am-
bXv Xp- Ibpw lZokv klo- lm- bXv kzoI- cn- p- Ibpw
sNp \bw \psS AZins `mKamWv Bsft\m
t Bibw t\mnbm aXn F hmn\v ke^n
InSbn Gsd {]Nmcw knnXv As\bmWv. Xm
FhnsS \nv hcppshpw Ftmvt]mIpp shpw
Xs Pohn- X- k- cWn GXm- sWpw cmam- sa- m-
sWpw hfsc hyambn {Klnh\mWv Ah, A
s\bp Hcp kXyhnizmkn ApXsfv tIptm
tgv IpaSv sImv AXns ]nmse HmtSh\.
krjvSnIfpsS IgnhpIsf kw_npw Ahv {]ISnn
m Ignbp ApXsf kw_npw Ah\v hy
amb [mcWbpv. C\n {]Ya ZrjvSnbn hymJym\nm
Ign- bm Hc- Xv `p- X- kw- `hw Hcm {]I- Sn- np Fv
k]nmXs Xs sFlnI hnPbnt\m imizX
ctm Ah- \n \nv bmsXmpw t\Sm- \n- sv
ZrVambn hniz- kn- p- - h- \mWv Ah (A- m- lp- hns
Huenbm--Ipo-XpaZ\n t]Pv 185)
inpsNph ]nimNpsf ]pIgvndbpw
knmcpsS IgnhpIsf {]Ncnnpw Huenb Aco
neqsS \Spp AZriy ]dbpp Cs\ Ad_n
I- fnse _nw_m- cm- [- I {]N- cn- n- - Xp- t]mse \mSp- \osf
\Sp {]Ncnnpw (XuloZns ktiwC_v\pssXan
b t]Pv 52)
Hcm iq\ymImin ]dptXm Pe
\ncneqsS \SptXmIm Abmsf kn\msWv
\n sXpcncpXv aXns hn[nhnepItfmSp
Abm- fpsS kao- ]\w Fsv kkqv aw hon- p- I.
Am- lp- hns Huen- bm- Ccw the- I Hn- p- I-
bn (XuloZns ktiwC_v\pssXanb t]Pv 53)
]nim- NmWv Ahs\ BIm- i- n ]d- p- - Xv .
Ccw IYI hnizknpIbpw {]NcnnpIbpw sNp
hsc ]nimNmWv kzm[o\npXv (AtX ]pkvXIw t]Pv
53) PnpIv a\pjyscm ]eIgnhpIfpapv Ahv
BImineqsS henb `mcw hlnv ]dm\pw ISen
ap\psams Ignbpw kpsseam\_nbpsS Imev At
ln\pthn PnpI ]etPmenIfpw sNbvXnpv AXn
\m Pnns Ignhv kpsseam\_nbpsS apAvPnk
Fsmsdv PnpIv a\pjyPohnXnkzX
{-ambn CS-s]-Sm-\mhpw Fv hcp-n-op \ymb-
hm- Z- Dt]- n- p- I- bmWv Ic- Wobw ]pWy- nepw
\bnepw klmbn apkvenfpsS ]ckv]c _m[yX
bmWtm? apkvenw Pnn\v apnw a\pjysc A]ISka
bv klmbnm Ignnpw klmbnm Ahk
49
cmbnsn Ah bYm apkvenfmhptam a\pjy
s\-kw-_-n-n-S-tmfw Pnp-Ifpw ae-p-Ifpw AZr-iy-
Po-hn-I-fmWv. Ch-sc-p-dnv Jp-B\pw lZokpw Fsm-
s- ]- d- pthm AsXmw Acw {]Xn hniz- kn- p- b-
msX \apv Ccw Imcy- - fn Kth- j- Ww- \- S- m
AhImian. ImcWw CPvXnlmZn\v hgm Hcphnj
bamWnXv .hnizmkw et_md--dnIfn Gnt hnj-
ba (HmIfpsS Xocv sI.Daauehn t]Pv450) Ime
IoeIfpw ]nXmcpsS A_fpw tiJcnpsIm
teJ\fpw {]kwKwfpw \StXv.
]nimNpw hn{Kl kwkmchpw
]nim- Nns CS- s]- Saqew hn{Klw kwkmcn- p-
sav k- cn- - k- emln {]kw- Kn- XpImWq.hn- {K- l- w
Nnetm kwkmcn- - Xmbn hn{K- l- ]q- P- Im Ah- Im- i-
sSmdpv. C hn{Klw kwkmcnp,Ans\ kwkmcn
n- p- s- nXs hn{K- l- n\v kwkmcn- m Ign- bn-
tm, AXvshdpw actam ItmAt? in]n sImnbp
mnbXt, Atm AXns ]nn ssiXzm i_vZ
ap- m- n- bnv Cuhn- {K- lm- cm- [- \- bntev P\- sf t{]cn-
nm hn{Klv Ignhpsv hcpnom
Nnetm kwkmcntm kmyXbpv Ft AXn
s\kw_nv ]dbm\pq
C{_mlnw \_n-bpsS Ime-st kwkm-cn-m-
XncpXv? henb hn{Klns Igpn tImSmensImfp
nbnv atXnssbms Xebdptm Bhenb hn{K
n\v kwkmcnpIqsS CXv C{_mloamWv sNbvXsX
Av ssiXzm B {Snv {]tbmKnnnm Fv hv temI
smcnSpw {]tbmKnm ]mSnsmtWm. (kcn
kzemlnbpsS IShq {]kwKn \nv)
hn{Kl]qPI hn{Klw ]mepIpSnpsapw hn{K
lns In\nv tNmcbnpsasmw AhImis
Smdpv Ahhn{Klsn ]e sIpIYIfpw ApX
fpw sa\pmmdpapv AXns BfpI AXns\
]nkwkmcnpXv a\nemmw. Fm hn{Klns
kwkm-c-s-n hn{K-lm-cm-[\ FXnp Hcp ]n-
X AXn- i- tbm- n- tbmsS Cm- I- YI ]d- bp- Xv
51
Fn\m- Wv .AXp- hgn {]m- \- n\pw At- l- n\pw
Fvt\amWpXv. hn{Kl]qPIcpsS Iph \pWI
a\nemm Akmam\y_pnBhiyantm a\pjyI
cfm sXfnbnpaIctPymXnbn ZnhyXzw AhIm
isSpXvt]msebt CXpw.AhnizmknIv Fpw
hnizknm kzmX{yapv ]t Ahv hfw shvsIm
Sp- p- - co- Xn- bn bmsXmcp XXzZo- bpan- msX \mw
kwkmcncpX.v GI- ssZ- h- hnizmkw {]N- cn- n- p- - Xn\v
thn Xsbu\ns apm`mKhpw Nnehgn Hcm
]nimNn\vam{Xw ktmjapmpXpwAbYmyhpam
bImcy hn{Klskw_np]dtm At-
l-tm-Sp kvt\lhpw _lp-am-\hpw \ne-\nn-sm-
vXs KpWImwtbmsS Xncpm aptmphcmsX
t{]mmlnnphm\mWv \n Nne {ianXv.Atl-
ns A]IShmZspdnv Nnnpt\mq,\qlv \_n
bp-sSbpw C{_mlow \_n-bp-sSbpw apl-Zv \_n(-k)-bp-
sSbpw Imes hn{K- lm- cm- [- I- cpsS hnizmkhpw Cm-
es hnizmkhpw HpXsbmW.v D]Imtcm]{ZhwsN
mt\m ImWphmt\mtIphmt\m hn{Klv km[y
a- sv hn{K- l- ]q- P- It]mepw \- t]m- se- a- \- n- em- n- bn-
cpp.Chscmw hn{Klsf kmao]nXv Fn\msW
ktlw kzm`mhnIamWtm hn{Klw Apw Cpw Hcp{]
XoIw am{XamWv. Hcpalms\bmWv AXv{]Xn\n[m\wsN
pXv. hn{Klns icocntev ]mdnhcp Cu
sbtbm ImjvSnp]nsbtbm hn{Klv XSpm
\mhn AnbmAv 52apX 68 hscbphN\fn hn{K
lskw_npw hn{Kl]qPIcpsS hnizmk sshIey
spdnpw hn{Kl[zwk\ns t]cn C{_mlnw\
_nsb inn- m \wdqZpw innSnIfpw Hcp- s- - Xns\
kw_npamWv khnkvXcw {]Xn]mZnpXv. hn{Klm
cm- [- \- bpsS \nc- IX C{_mlow \_n(- A) P\- sf
t_m[y- s- Sp- p- Xv hn{K- l- n\v D]- Im- tcm- ]- {Z- h-
sNmt\m ImWphmt\m, tIphmt\mt]mepw kmya
sv sXfn- bn- p- sIm- - m- Wv .
AhtNmZnp \obmtWm RfpsS ssZhsf
sImv CXp- sNbvXXv . Atlw ]dp Ah- cpsS Iq-
nse Cuh- en- b- h- \mWv AXp- sN- bvX- Xv. Ahkw- km- cp-
psan \n AhtcmSv tNmZnpt\mq. Chkwkm
cn- p- I- bnsv \n\- - dn- bm- atm? Atm \nv
bmsXmcp D]- {Z- htam D]- Im- c- tam - sN- m hkvXpsf
Amlphn\p]pdsa \n Bcm[npIbmtWm? (An
bm-Av 6266) Cu hnj-b-n Aam-\n-au-e-hn-bpsS Jp-
Bhn-h-cWw ]d-bp--Xvt\mmw hen-b- hn-{Klw \in-
n- - s- Sm- - n- Xnv aphn- {K- l- - sf- Ip- dnv P\-
AXnt\mSv hv tNmZnpIbpw Atm AXns Ignhn
mbva Ah{KlnpIbpw sNmthn Fkmcn
emWv Bc- v hym- Jym- \- (hnip- - Jp- Bhn- h- cWw
hmfyw aqv t]Pv 2063) hopw Atlw ]d-bpp AXm
B henb hn{Klw! AbmfXm agphpambn\npp Abm
sNbvXXmbncnWw CXv Chscms \nfpsS Bcm
[yamcmWtm? Chv Adnbphm\pw ]dbphm\pw km[n
Watm Ch]dbs, ChtcmSvXs tNmZnp t\mp
hn IpdnpsImp Dcw!(hnipJpB hnhcWw
hmfyw aqv t]Pv 2064) HpIqSn Atlw hniZoIcnpp
kzw tZl- - fnt\- cn- Sp B]- p- t]mepw XSp-
phmt\m a\nemphmt\m ]ddnbnphmt\m Ign
53
bm- - B- \nPoh hkv Xp- sf ssZh- - fm- n- sh- p-
XvISphnUvUnamsWv AhcpsS a\mn Ah
tcmSv]dp.C{_mlnw \_n (A)sImph \ymbns
APinpapn AhXXvImesanepw enp.]
t Xma- kn- msX Ah `mhw amn kwkmcn- m-
XpSn. Chbv v kwkmcn- m Ign- hnsp \n\- - dn-
vIqsS ]ns Fs\bmWv AhtbmSv tNmZnm ]d
bpXv(t]Pv.2063)
sI.DaauehnbpsS hmpI {inq, hn{Klsf Xp
SpIbpw sNbvXp sImmWv C{_mlnw \_n(A)]nXm
hn-t\mSv ]d-Xv {]nb ]nXmth,tIp-I-bn-,-Im-Wp-I-
bn- ,- \n- v bmtXmcp KpWhpw sNbv Xp- X- cn- I- bn
As\bp hkvXphn\p \n C_mZsSppsX
n\v....(emCemlCmlphnss Aw.sI.Daauehn)
kakvX t\Xmhv sI.hn.aplZv apkvenbm,Iq\mSv
J_dmfnItfmSv tXSmsapw J_sInmmsapw hmZn
p-bmfmbnpw Cu hnjbn Atlw t]mepw ]d-
bpXv {itbamWv. B agp Igpnenv \np henb
_nw_aXm Abm sNbvXXmWv Cu ]Wn, Ahscms
\nfpsS ssZhfs AhtcmSv Xs tNmZnvt\mp
I, \nsf BcmWv Cs\ sNbvX-sXv kwkm-cn-p-
hm Ign- bp- sa- n AhXs AXv hnhcn- v X- cp- asm
Fs Fn\v hnNmcWsNpp. (^Xvlpdm sI.hn.
apl-Zv apym Ip-\mSv (thmfyw 3 t]Pv 552)
_nw_tmSv tNmZnv t\mq kwkmcnm Ign
bp- sa- n hn{Klw XIXv Bcm- sWv AXv ]d- bp-
atm F C{_mlnw \_n- bpsS _pn- ]- c- amb adp- ]Sn
hn{Kl ]qPIsc Nnnnm DXIpXmWv. Cu Ah
kcw D]tbmKsSpn ]nimNv hn{KlssImv kwkm
cnnn. hn{Klns ]nn \nv ]nimNn\v kwkm
cnm\mIpsan Xobmbpw AhnsS kwkmcnpambn
cpp. A\nhmcymb Ln {Snv {]tbmKnmsX ]ns
Ftm- sgnepw D]- tbm- Kn- m Bsc- nepw Imn- cn-
ptam? {]tXyInv a\pjysc ]ngnm Ahkcw t\mn
\np kabv ]nimNv anmXncpp FXv ANn
y- am- Wv . ]nim- Nn\v Ign- bm Imcyw ]nim- Nns ta
kzemln AhImisSpXv Fn\mWv.
tcmKia\n\pw km\ ku`mKyn\pw km
nI A`nhrnpw a\ti apnpw thn I_dmfn
ItfmSv {]mnp [mcmfw BfpI kakvXmnS
bnepv Ah I_dns\ Bcm[nsSp _nw_ammdp
v. hn{Klns ]nn \nv ]nimNv kwkmcnpsa
n sInDbs I_dns ]nn \npw ]nimNv
kwkmcn hm tIpambncpp. Ahv AhcpsS
hymP Huen-bm--fpsS Idm-av sXfn-bn-m-\m-Ip-am-bn-cp-
p. hnizmk hyXnbm\ntev apnwIsf NmSnm\mWv
]nimNn\v IqSpX Xm]cyapmIpI. _nw_mcm[Icmb
_lp- ssZh hnizmkn- n- S- bn Npn- n- cnv kabw
shdpsX Ifbm ]nimNv sa\sSmsX I_ knbmdv
F ]pWy Ians adhn Fs\ I_dmcm[\bn
tev P\sf Xncnv hnv alm]m]w sNnmsa X{
ambncnpatm ]nimNv IqSpXembn BhnjvIcnpI. bYm
n- I- cpsS Idm- a- p- sIp- I- Y- I- fn t]mepw I_- dnse
kwkmc IY tIm- \m- In . Ahn - iz m- k- n \v
ssImv \Ip sI. hn Iq- \mSn s\t]m- ep
kwm\ t\Xmv t]mepw Cm hn{Kl kwkm
55
chmZw Hcp ke^n ]WvUnX Xs {]kwKnse hnj
bamnbXn klX]npIbmsX asmcp \nhmlhp
an-.
bpnpw _pnpw A\pkcnv JpB hymJym
\npIbpw X\nv t_m[ysSm apAv PnkpIsf Xp
Itbm Asn kzw `mjyw \In hfsmSnpItbm
sNbvXn-cp kn.-F. Al-Zv aue-hn-tbm, tNI-qtcm
hn{K- l- ns kwkm- cs Ipdnv A`n- {]m- b- s- - Xmbn
Adn-hn. ka-kvX-m {]N-cn-n-p ZK-I-fnse I
IdmapIYbpsS \ncIX t_m[ysv XuloZns
imZze Xoc- tv sImwtXmdpw kakv X- bn \nv
[mcmfw Bfp- I hp- tN- cp- p- apv in bmbn kw,
_tdhnkw, JmZnbm\nkw t]msebp {]m\nepw
CXpt]msebp Nn tInn. kaX kXyhmZtm
sSmw IqSn\nv sImv ISnhmm {ianp Nne
kwLS\Ifpw, hynIfpw apnwInSbnepv Ahcpw
CtXn kwkmcnXmbn tInn.
C{_mlow \_n- bpsS Imev hn{K- l- ns
]nn \nv ]nimNv kwkmcnnnsnepw ]ns Ftm
sgnepw B {Snv {]tbmKnpIqSm Fptm F k
cnm kemln- bpsS bpn- hmZw hfsc am\y- ambn ]d-
m Atbs A{Iahpw ip Akw_hpam
bn- tmbn. Bsc tXmn- m- \m- Wmthm C- \- sbms
Ctlw kwkmcnvsImtbncnpXv. C{_mlnw \_n
bpsS Ime- n\v apv \qlv \_n- bpsS Imew- ap- Xte
temIv hn{Klmcm[\ Bcw`nncpq. aqkm\_nbpsSbpw
Cukm\_nbpsSbpw aplZv \_nbptSbpw Imesmw
_nw_mcm[\ Dmbncpp. Asmpw hn{Klw kwkm
cnnn. ]nimNn\v {Snv {]tbmKnm\pambnn. IuXpI
hm- I- fnepw hniz- kn- mepw Cs- nepw F I
hmIfntem Ipnm IYIfntem t]mepw hn{Kl
kwkmc hmbn aI- c- tPym- Xn - bn Zn hy- Xz tam
hkvXpXtbm Hpw Csnepw AXns\ Ipdnv ]eII
Y- Ifpw ChnsS {]Nm- c- n- epv. AXv t]msebp IY-
I sa\- p- mn hn{Kl ]qP- I t]mepw hn{Kl
kwkmcw kanm {iannpan. CmanImibmZi
XIm thn [mcmfw I lZokpI Nne X]c
InI krjvSnnpv. Ctmgpw AXv XpScpp. aufq
Bb \nnX lZokpIfpsS Iqnepw hn{Kl kwkmc
hm IWm- \m- hn. hn{K- l- ns ]nn ]nimNv
kwkm-cn-p-sa A]-i-_vZ-ns ey-sa-m-Wv. CXv
]nimNns\ CIgvemtWm AtXm ]pIgvemtWm?
F{X- h- enb ]Wv Un- X- \m- bmepw BcpsS {]kw- K-
nepw teJ\nepw A_ ISphcnI kzm`mhn
I- am- Wv . A_- - {i- bns- m am\y- X- bp- sSbpw
]mWv Un- Xy- n- sbpw e- W- amWv Xncp- p- - Xv . hmb-
bn \nv hoWXv AhnsS InSs, Xncpnbm X\nv
IpdnemIpw F Nnbm hoWXv hnZybmpXv Hcp
]Wv Un- X\pw `qj- W- a- . kmnI FXn- cm- fn- Isf
krjvSnv Ahsc ISm{Ianm\pw Acpmm\pw hne
s kabw hn\n- tbm- Kn- m B I- h- S- n Cutem-
Ipw ]ctemIpw \jvSamsX asmcp t\hpw Ahv
Dm-hp-I-bn-.
hn{Klns ]mepIpSnbpw In tNmchcepw
hn{Km- lm- cm- [- I- cpsS _nkn- \v {Snv am{X- am- sWv a\-
n-em-m Akmam\y kmayw Bh-iy-an. hn{Kl
57
kwkmc hmZw kzemln XncpmXn\m ]ns sXfnhv
Dm- m- \mWv injym {ianp- sIm- n- cn- p- - Xv .
As\ kmancnbpsS Imf AhcpsS Nnbn tapw
ap{Ibnpw sskzcy hnlmcw \Sn, ]nimNn\v s]mnncn
m CXn]cw Fv tImfmWv IntXv. hn{Kls
pdnv temI{]i ke^n ]WvUnX\mb imlv hen
bpmln Zlvehn ]dbpXv {inq... Cu almmcpsS
Bcm[\bpambn Iqntm am{Xta Amlphnt\m
Sp Bcm[\ kzoIcnsSpIbpq Fpw Ch ]dbp
p. ""Amlp hfsc DXnbn \nesImph\mWv,
AXv sImv Ahs\ Bcm[npXneqsS am{Xw Ah\n
tev \apv ASpm km[npIbn. ChcpsS Imcy
Ah \nb{npIbpw Chsc klmbnpIbpw sNp
Ibpq""
As\ AhcpsS t]cpI shv IpI sImv hn{Kl
sNnbpmn Fnv Ahsc A`napJoIcnv Ah
tcmSv {]mnptm Cu hn{Kl Hcp In_vebmbn
apn ImWp- p. As\ Iptd Imew ]nn- - tm
]nKmanI Cu hn{Klfpw Ah {]Xn\n[m\w sNp
alm- m- cpw Xn- ep hnXymkw icn- bmbn a\- n- em- n-
bn. Cu hn{Kl XsbmWv Bcm[nsSpsXv
Ah [cn-p-h-im-bn. \n Bcm- [n- p Cu hn{K-l-
shdpw AtNX\ hkvXpfmWv Ahv \Sphm
ImepI- fptm, Ahv ]nSn- p- hm ssII- fptm,
Ahv ImWphm IpIfptm Ahv tIphm
sNhnIfptm (imlv henbpmln Zlvehn, lpp
mln _menA 159)
k- cn- b- bpsS Dkv Xm- Zmb]n. A_v Zp Pm
auehn Ckvemln FgpXnb Hcp teJ\nse hcnI
IqSnImWpI "" hn{Klv ]qPmI Anm
ImcWambn Ah ]dncpXv C{]Imcambncpp. B
hn{Kl Amlphntev ASpnpIbpw Ah Am
lp- hns ASp- kzm[o\w sNbv Xv ip]mi sNbv Xv
P\sf cnpIbpw sNpw AhcmIs Cu hn{Kl
bmsXmcp D]Imchpw D]{Zhhpw sNm Ignbnsv
Adnbphcmbncpp. Atm Amlp {]hmNItcmSv
]dp (\_nsb \n ]dbpI \n kqnpn
t) C_m- Zv An- - s- Sp- - Xn Cu hn{Klsf
Amlphn\v ]mfnIfmpXv \n kqnpnt
Fv Xm]- cyw. Zp\n-bm-hnepw BJn-d-Xnepw k \-
Ifpw Amlphn \nv am{XamsWv \n kXn
pp. (]n A_vZp Pm auehn Ckvemlv 2006 Pq
t]Pv 17, dmkn 1787)
,,..,,. .. . .: .... ,. ... ,,.
,:..:. ,. .:..,., x:.. :. ,,. .. ,.,.s
-v_., .. ,.. ,,. ..... : ,.s ... ..
\nbw Ah Cu hn{Klsfbpw {]XnaIsfbpw
DmnbXv Ahcnep \_namcpsSbpw almmcpsSbpw
cq]nembncpp. Fnh C{]Imcw P]np. Cu hn{K
lv C_mZsSp sImv Amlphns ASp
Ah (\_nam) ip]mi sNpsav.
59
kmancnbpsS Imf hn{Kl
kwkmcn\v sXfnthm ?
C{kmCuenb _nw_mcm[\bpw ]ip]qPbpw \S
nbncphcmbncpp. ImfpntbmSp `n AhcpsS
a\n ebnncpp Fv hnip JpB 2:93epw Xzml
85 apX 89 hscbp hN\fn \npw kp{Kmlyam
Wv . _nw_m- cm- [\ shSnv aqkm- \- _n- bpsS A\p-
bmbnIfn Nne kmancnbpsS IpX{n hoWv ]ip
Bcm[\Icmbn amdnbncpp. lmdq \_n (A) Ahsc
th- t]mse D]- tZ- in- p. ]s Ah sNhn- sIm- n- .
Xudmv Gp - hm- m aq km \_n (- A) ko\m
Xmgvhmcntev t]mb Ahkcw apXemnsmmWv
kmancn ]ip hn{Klw DmnbXpw P\sf AXntev
BIjnXpw hn{Kl kwkmcn\v sXfnhmbn kmancn
bpsS ]ip ap{I- bn- - XmWv Nne Bfp- I Ctm sXfn-
hmbn DbnpXv. aXhnjb sXfnhns ]n_e
n am{Xambncpp ke^nI Cmea{Xbpw kwkm
cn-n-cp--Xv. hmbn tXmn-bXv ]d-bp-Ibpw ]d--Xn\v
Hnv {]am- Ws hf- sm- Snv sXfnhv Dm- p- Ibpw
sNp ssien kzoIcnncpXv kakvXmcmWv. Ahsc
A\pIcnv sImv tXmnbXv ]dv ]ns AXn\v sXfn
hpmpIbmWv \ns Nne ktlmZc. kmancn
bpsS Imf ap{IbnXv hn{Kl kwkmcn\p sXfnhmbn
ap^ndpItfm aplnkpItfm apIme ke^n ]WvUn
Xtcm ]d- n- n. kmancn- bpsS Imfsb kw_- nv
{]amWw Fv ]d-bpp Fv \apv ]cn-tim-[nmw. "" \o
t]mXn\v tijw \ns P\Xsb \mw ]conncnpI
bmWv kmancn Ahsc hgn- sX- n- p- I- fp (Xzml 85)
""R RfpsS lnXa\pkcnp. XmtfmSp \nbw
ewLnX. Fm B P\fpsS B`cW NpaSpI
\n hlnsncpp As\ RfXv (Xobn) Fdn
pIfp. Atm kman- cnbpw A{]- Imcw AXv (Xo-
bn) Cp"" (Xzml 87)
""Fnv Ahv Ah (B temlw sImv) Hcp
ap{I- bn- Sp Imf- p- n- bpsS cq]w Dm- n- sm- Spp.
Atm Ah (At\ym\yw) ]dp \nfpsS ssZhhpw
aqkmbpsS ssZhhpw CXpXsbmWv. Fm Atlw
adpt]mbncnpIbmWv "" (Xzml 88) kmancnbpsS Imf
sbIpdnv Aam\n auehn ]d `mKw t\mmw ""{]hmN
I- m- cpsS ]c- - c- bm- Wtm C{km- bo hw. Fnepw
AhcpsS ]gb nXnIsfmw amdngnncpp Ah
CuPn]vXpImcn \nv hn{Kmlmcm[\bpw ]ip ]qPbpw
]Tnp. CuPn]vXn \nv cspt]mcp hgnv _nw_
sf shv ]qPnphcp Hcp P\Xsb Itm Ah
aqkm \_n(A) tbmSv ]d hmn \nv hn{Klmcm[
\bn Ahp Xm]cyw F{Xam{XamsWv a\n
emmw. (R- pw Hcp ssZhs Dm- n- - c- Ww)
(hnip JpB hnhcWw hmfyw 3 t]Pv 2001) kzm`
cWw Dcpn Hcp ]ipnSmhns cq]n kmancn Hcp
hn{Klw Dm- p- Ibpw AXns\ ]qPn- m P\-
aptmv hcnIbpw sNbvXXv Adn aqkm \_n(A) Ah
tcmSv tIm]np. GtXm Nne kq{X]WnI aqew IpIm
enIfpsS ap{It]mse i_vZw ]pdSphnncnXv sImv
AsXmcp ApX hkvXphmbn C{kmboe IcpXn. tIhew
Poh- \n- m- Xpw bmsXmn\pw Ign- hn- m- - Xp- amWv
61
AsXv Ah Ku\nn. am{Xtam AXv XsbmWv aqk
\_n(- A) tXSn- tmb ssZh- sav Ah ]d- p- mn.
B ]ippntbmSp kvt\lw AhcpsS lrZbn IpSn
nspt]mbncpp _Id 93 epw Cu Imcyw kqNnn
sSpp. P\v Ipa\nemm Ignbm Nne
kq{X Rm (kmancn) Ip]nSnp. Fs kzw a\
ns t{]c- W- b- \p- k- cn- mWv Rm As\ sNbvX- Xv.
dkq Fv (ChnsS) ]dXv Pn_vco (A) s\ Dtin
msWv ]e ap^ndpIfpw ]dnpv. Pn_vcoens
IpXncbpsS ImeSnbn \nsmcp ]nSn asSpv Fpw
kmcamIpp. kmancnv AXv InnbXns ]e \o IY
Ifpapv. Cu IYIfpsS km[pXbpw \nthZ\ amfpw
]e \nepw hnai\mlamWv. hnip JpB hnh
cWw Aam\n auehn (t]Pv 2003,2005)
kmamcn- bpsS Imf- p- n- sb- n kakvX t\Xm- hm-
bncp sI.hn. aplZv apym Iq\mSv Fv ]dbpp
Fv t\mmw.
kmamcn Hcp ]ippnbpsS cq]apmn AsXmcp
PVw am{X- ambn- cp- p- sh- nepw Nne X{- {]tbm- Kn-
ncpXv sImv AXn\v ]iphns\t]mse i_vZapmbn
cpp. Pn{_oens ]mZkv]ita ev \nv FSp
av \nt]ntm AXv Hcp {]XyI i_vZapmn
(sI.hn. aplZv apkym Ip\mSv Jp B ]cn`mj hmfyw
3 t]Pv 496)
Nnebn\w IfnmhI hyXykvXamb iw_vZapm
mdpv. arKfpsS cq]n \nn IfntmpI
]q- bp- sSbpw \mb- bp- sSbpw BSn- sbpw ]ip- hn- sbpw
i_vZw ]pdsSphnmdpv. ]nIfpsS cq]nep Ifn
tmpIfpw AXXv ]nIfpsS i_vZw ]pdsSphnpw.
CXnsempw bmsXmcp ApXhpan. ImSnv hoiptm
apf--p-I BSn bpe-bp-Ibpw AXn \nv {]tXyI
i_vZw ]pdsSpIbpw sNpw. ]ppIfntev ImpI hnip
tm t]mepw acw DmImdpv. HmSbnepw apfbnepw
Hm- bp- mn kwKo- tXm- ]- I- c- W- Dm- p- Ibpw
kwKoX t{]anI AXv D]tbmKnv kwKoXw Be]np
Ibpw sNp- Xv ]vap- Xte {]Nm- c- n- ep- - Xm- Wtm.
Imf- p- n- bpsS ap{I- bpsS ]nn ]nim- Nns\ IpSn- bncp-
m {ianpXn\v bmsXmcp {]amWhpw ImWnpXcm
\m-hn-. Npcpn ]d-m hn{Klw kwkm-cn-p--Xn\v
]nn ]nim- Nm- sW hmZw bmsXmcp sXfn- hp- an- m
_menihmZw am{XamWv.
63
{]m\bpw Bcm[\bpw
Hcp AZriy inp apn `n- tbm- Sp- IqSn
sNp At]- - bmWv {]m- \. Fm {]m- \bpw
C_mZmWv, C_mZv Amlphn\msX sNm ]mSn
. (hn.-Jp. hnh-c-Ww Aam\n auehn Vol-3- t]Pv 1950)
:..,.. . ...,.
{]m\ AXp- X- s- bmWv C_m- Zv
Cu lZo- kns\ hni- Zo- I- cn- Xv \_n(- k) Hcp Bbv
HmXn- sm- m- bncpp.
_:.., ,,. ,. ,,:.. _.. ,, ..
(. , ,i. ,.,, i,,.. _:..,.
\n - fp sS cn - Xmhv ]d- n - cn - p p FtmSv
{]mnq Rm \nv Dcw \Ipw. Fs Bcm- [n-
p--Xn \nv hnapJXImn Al--cn-p--h ]noSv \ny-
cmbn \c-I-n {]th-inpw (ap-Avan60)
,..... ,..:. ..,. .. . . .,: ,,.
( .. , _..... ,:.s ,.,,,:..,.
Am-lp-hns\ IqSmsX \n klm-bm-`y\
\S- - s- Sp- - h \n- sf- t]m- sebp ASn- a- I Xs-
bmWv \n Ahsc hnfnp {]mnpI Ah \n
Dcw \Is. AAvdm^v194 (Dcw e`npXv Hv
ImW- W- atm?)
... ..s ... . ...,. ,. ...
ZpBCs Aw D]- Imcw e`n - m\pw D]- {Zhw
\nm\pw thnbp tXamWv. (dmkn 1516 t]Pv 92)
(v.. , ..., ,,.... ,s... .,u:.., ... . .,: ,,.
Am-lp-hn\v ]pdsa \n hnfnp {]mn-p--hv
\nsf klmbn- p- hm kmy- a- . Ah- sc- X- sbpw Ah
klm-bn-p--Xp-a-. (A-lvdm^v 197)
.. . . .,.. s
Am-l-hn\v ]pdsa Bcm-[n--s-Sp Fm Bcm-[ycpw F-
Wtm Aw.
:..,.. _ .. ..
{]m\ C_m-Z-ns Bm-hmWv (Xp-lv^)
.... ,:. ..... _ ,,., ....
,,. .. .. .. .. ,,,,,
\n Bh- iy- s- - Imcyw e`n- m Rm Ah- t\mSv
{]mn-m Ah Dt-in-m adp-]Sn e`n-pw. Ah Dt-
in-n-s-n Dcw e`n-n-. Rm \n-fn-tev Ab--s
ZqX am{X-amWv (C-_v\p-I-ko ]mfyw 3, t]Pv 64)
..s .,. ,,. ..s _.... ... :
( ... , ,..s ,,:..,.,
P\-sf Hcp-anp Iq-s-Sp-tm Ah Ah-cpsS i{Xp-
- fmbn- cnpw. (A- lvJm- ^v6) Ah (B- cm- [n- - s- - h) Ah-
cpsS C_m- Z- ns\ \ntj- [n- p- - h- cmWv (ChnsS tIhew
_nw_mc[\bmsW-mWv kakvXm \ymbo-IcWw ]dbp-
Xv ) _nw_- n\v kwkmcn- m- \m- hm- - Xn- \m \ntj- [n- p
kz`mhw Dm- hn- tm
.. . . ,,., . s ,,, ., ,, ,.
(-v_.-_..... , , ,._. _.. , :. .
\nbw Am-lp-hn\v ]pdsa Bcm-[n--s-Sp ae-p-
I, Pnv, a\p-jy ap--hcpw ChnsS Dt-in--s-S A\p-h-
Z\obamWv. (A_ppDuZv hmfyw 15 t]Pv 571)
,... :..s ..,. ,..,.. s ,,: .
(-_._ .,,. _,,,.. ., .x... i... ..,. ,,.
65
C_mZsSps-Sp-h aepIsft]msebpw AXp
t]m- sebp- - hbpw Poh- \p- - h- cm- sW- nepw tIp- I- bn
ImcWw Ah \mYs {]IrXn \nb-a-n\v Iogvs--hcpw Ah-
cpsS Ah- - bn hym]rXcmb- h- cpam- Wv.
..., ..:....
\o Am-lp-hn-t\mSv c-tX-SpI (A-Avdm^v 200, Km^n
56)
-Cemlnt\mSv sNp klmbmt]bmWv C_m
Zns] ZpB AYhm {]m\ (Jp-B ]cn-`m-j.-sI.-
hn. apl-Zv apym, Iq-\m-Sv,Vol-3-422)
:i .,.,. _i s ., ,.. .
,.. ...... .. :.. . .. .
(v-v.,::,. ..: ..: .: ,. .,
Clnepw ]cnepw a\pjy\v e`np A\p{K
l Amlphn \nv am{XamsWpw Ahs \
bpsS ASn- m- \- n- em- sWpw hn{K- l- n\v bmsXmcp
D]Imctam D]{Zhtam sNm\mhnspw Ah AwKoI
cntXmsSmw Amlp Amhv Ah C_mZv
sNbvXn-cpp (dmkn 1787)
(..... , .,. ...:,.. ... :..,..
Atbs Xmgvabpw hnt[bXzhpw {]ISnn
emWv Bcm[\.
\a- kv Imcw, t\mv , lv , Dwd, kmjv Smw- Kw,
{]m\ FoImcy(AZriy `mKv \nv ImcyIm
cW _anm AYhm a\pjyIgnhn\v AXoXamb Imcy
p klmb tXw, Imh tXw, icWw. ad
`mKp\nv ImcyImcW _XoXambn (a\pjy
Ignhn\XoXambn) e`nt klmb tXhpw Imh tX
hpamWtm {]m\. AXv Bcm[\bmWv. _Zvdn shv
\_n(- k) \S- nb {]m- \sb klmbtXw (C- kv Xn-
Kmk) Fv Amlp ]dp. (Amlphns\ GI\mpI
kpsseam \Zvhn, t]Pv 16)
Pohnph ]ckv]cw Ignbp AtXmsSmw
A\phZ\obamb Imcyfn ]ckv]cw klmbnpIbpw
klmbw tXSpIbpw sNmw Fv a\nemmw. Fm
a\pjy Ign-hn\v km[n-m klmb tXw krjvSn7-I-
tfmSv \SpXv A\phZnsSmXmWv. {]kvXpX tXw
Bcm- [- \- bm- Wv . AXv Am- lp- hn- t\mSv am{Xta tXSm- hq.
(AtX ]pkvXIw t]Pv.17)
km`nIambn DWs. krjvSnIfpsS Ignhn
\XoXambn AùXnIamb Imcyfn klmbw tXSemWv
{]m\ FmWv kcn kzemln hmZnpsImncn
pXv. a\pjyIgnhn\pdw krjvSnItfmSv klmbw tXSp
Xv Bcm[\bmsWpw inmsWpamWv \Zvhn ]d
bpXv. Atlw XpScpp.
AXv hmbnptm Cu Imcyw {]tXyInv HmnWw
C-Xv-t]mse Pnp-I-tfmSpw ae-p-I-tfmSpw apw {]mn-
pp. Chsc kzaZmsWv (kzbw Ignhphscv) Icp
Xnbnnsn t]mepw AhtcmSp Cu tXw {]m
\inmWv. AZriy`mKp\np Ccw klmb tX
{]m\bsv ]dv kaqls inntepw
AhnSpv \cIntepw \bnp hmZ kqnp
I.
(t]-Pv -18)
67
JpB KthjI tUm: aplZv Aivd^v auehn
]cntim[nv kpsseam \Zvhn Xmdmnb Amlphns\
GI\mpI F ]pkvXIn \nmWv apIfn ]d
Imcyw DcnXv. AZriy `mKv \np AYhm Pnn
t\mSpw aent\mSpap klmbtXw insv hcpn
Xom\p sImp]nSn {iaw ChnsS Pm auehnbpw
kcn kzemlnbpw Atlns apcoZpIfpw \Sn
smncnptm HPn\ ke^n tI{n \nv
Xs aebmfn hnXcWw sNp Cu ]pkvXIw Hcm
hn hmbnphm km[mcWmcmb P\ kabw
Is- - Ww. Nne ]n- Xsc A- ambn hniz- kn- m
Ah Ipgnbn hogvpsav aXnbmb sXfnhmWv hnP\
{]tZ- isklm- b- tX- - hm- Zw.
Xzml 25-mw hN-\s hymJy-\n-p-sImv dmkn
FgpXpXv ImWq. ZpB C_mZns C\ns] Hm
Ippshv Xobmbpw \o AdnncnWw. (X^v ko
dp I_o)
sI.F.Fw. ap P\d sk{Idn sI.]n. aplZv
auehn XuloZns\ kw_nv [mcmfw ]pkvXI cNn
npv. Atlw Ckvemln tIcfn\v \Inb almb
kw`m-h\ Ccw IrXn-I-fmWvv At-lns GXm\pw
hcnIfneqsS \apv kcnmw.
Cu [mcW XsbmWv, Cv Pmdw ]qPmcnIfmb
a ad almmtcmSv {]m\ Anphm thn
Pmds icWw {]m]np apnw `P\fnepw ImW
sSpXv. As\ BfpI temI {kjvSmhmb Amlp
hns\ hnfnv {]mnpI F Bcm[\bn \np Xosc
Hgnp \np- Ibpw krjv SnI- fmb alm- msc hnfnv
{]mnp Hcp Ahm hntijw kwPmXamIpIbpw
BfpI _lpssZhmcm[\bn apgpIpIbpw sNbvXp. GI
ssZhmcm[\ shSn Cu `bc Ahbn \nv Bfp
Isf tamNnnphm thnbmWv Amlp \qlv \_nsb
\ntbmKnXv. Cu hkvXpX {]_emcmb Fm JpB
hymJymXmfpw tcJsSpnbnpv. (hnizmkw hmfyw
1sI.]n. aplZv auehn t]Pv 59)
sI.-]n.-bpsS A CkvXn-Kmk tIc-fob apkveow
kaqln Gsd kzm[o\w sNepnb IrXnbmWv. tIhe
klmbtXw Fv ]cnI\ sImSpvsImmWv ka
kvXm AmlpAmhsc hnfnv {]mnm\pw a\p
jyIgnhn\XoXamb Imcyfn klmbw tXSm\pw \ymbw
]d- n- cp- - Xv . Ah- cpsS Ckv Xn- Kmk F aW
ku[s sI.]n. {]kvXpX ]pkvXIneqsS XcnWam
nbnpv. ""Fm ]s kakvXm AmlpA
m- - h- tcmSv R {]mn- m- dp- sv ]d- bm
Cs t]mse Nqw ImWnncpn''. kakvXmsc
t]mse \n \npw Nne {]m\tbbpw Bcm[\
tbbpw cmbn Nn{XoIcnp krjvSnIfpsS Ignhn\Xo
X- hpambn cwKv h Cu Imev apIme ke^n
]nXcpsS ]pkvXI t\cdnhns, Znimt_m[ns
hnfpamSambn tijnpI Xs sNpw. Cu BZis
hmb- sImv DuXn- s- Sp- m Nne {ian- p- p. ]s
B {iaw Hcnepw Pbnm t]mIpn. Amlp Cu
BZis kwcnpI Xs sNpw.
klm- b- tX- - satm CkvXn- Km- k- sbtm ]dp
sImmWv kakvXm AmlhmhtcmSv {]mn
n- cp- Xv ke^n Isf CkvXn- Kmk hntcm- [n- I- sf- mWv
69
Ah Bt]nncpXv. {]m\m hntcm[nIsfv ]d
bm\p ss[cyw Ahv Cthsc Dmbnn.
hnP\ {]tZ- is klm- b- tXw ae- p- I- tfm- Sm-
bmepw PnpItfmSmbmepw {]m\XsbmWv. {]m\
Fv ]dbmsX klmb tXsa ]pIad krjvSnpsIm
mWv Pm auehn kakv X- m- sc- t]mse Zp\ymbw
]dbpXv.
ka-kvX-m-cpsS ]gb Ah--sb-p-dnv sI.-]n.
Xs ]dbs. ""appImefn AmlpAmhtcmSv
klmbw tXS F An hymJy\npsImm
bncpp CkvXnKmksb \ymboIcnncpXv. AmlpA
m- - h- tcmSv {]mn- pI F A- n AXns\
\ymboIcnm\p ss[cyw Bcpw ImWnncpn''.
(A Ckv Xn- Kmk: sI.- ]n. apl- Zv C_v \p Al- Zv
t]Pv2,3)
C.sI. A_q_ apym am{Xa, AmlpA
mhsc hnfnv {]mnpIsb An CkvXn
Km- ksb \ymbo- I- cn- m Av Hcp apymcpw ss[cyw
ImWnncpn. Fm \n`mKysap ]dbs CnXm
{]mn-pI F A-n Xs CkvXn-Km-ksb
\ymboIcnm\pw Ckveman AXv A\phZ\obw am{Xa
Bh- iy- sa- p- IqSn m]n- m\pw kakv X- tI- cf PwC-
p Deabnse Fm ]nXcpw sh ImWnpI
bmWv. (AtX ]pkvXIw t]Pv 3,4)
\nb{Ww hn hml\m]ISn \nv cs
Sm\pw tUmIvS Ismgn Ahbn aIs\ cs
Spm\pw aI ]cobn Pbnm\pw bpn ]cmP
bsSmXncnm\pw tIkn hnPbnm\psams a\pjy
Nne AZriyhpw AùXnIhpamb inItfmSv klmbw
tXSp-p. Ccw k`--fn AXm-bXv Akm-[m-c-W-
amb klmbw AXym- h- iy- ambn- cp k`- - fn GI-
ssZhhnizmknI Amlphnt\mSpw Amh ssZth
XcinItfmSpw klmbw tXSpp. tbip{IkvXp, Kpcp
hmbqc, aplvbo ssiJv... XpSnb ]etcbpw hnfnp
{]mnp- p. Ah- tcmSv klmbw A`yn- p- p.
t\cn _-s-Sm Ign-bm in-I-tfmSpw hyn-I-
tfmSpw AùXnIamb amneqsS sNbvXpInm thn
bp klmbm`y\bmWv AmlpAmhtcmSmIp
Xpw. Am- lp- A- m- - hv klmbn- m Ign- bm
Imcy-am-Wn-Xv( t]Pv 11,12)
klmb tXw thsd, {]m\ thsd {]m\
Bcm- [- \- bm- Ip- Xpw BIm- - Xp- apv Bcm- [- \- bm- Ip
{]m\ Amlphnt\mSv am{Xta ]mSpq F hnizm
kamWv RpXv almmv Amlp sImSp
Ignhn \nmWv R klmbw tXSpXv almmv
kzbw Ignhp- stm Ah Cem- lm- sWtm R
hnizknpn bmYmnXnIcmb k kpnIfpw hniz
knpIbpw ]dbpIbpw sNp NneImcyfmWv ChnsS
FSppsImSpXv. Fm Ahsc shp coXnbn
apPmlnZpIfmsWv AhImisSp Hcp ]WvUnX\n
\npw AhcpsS Hcp ]w A\pbmbnIfn \npw _men
jamb Ccw Akw_ hmZ tIpXpSnbnpv
]nimNns\ alXzhcnpXns `mKambnmhmw Ah
cn\sbms ]dbpXv. ""]nimNns\ ]qPnpIbpw Bcm
[npIbpw sNphv AhcpsS Ignhns Nne Imcy
sNbvXv sImSppw ]nimNv ]qPIsc ]nimNv klm
bnpw Fm ]nim- Nn- t\mSv {]mn- m Ahv
71
Ahsc klmbnm Ignbn"" (kcn kemln)
]ehw kemln BhnpsImncnp Hcp
ImcyamWv apIfn sImSpXv {]m\sbbpw Bcm[\
sbbpw ]n {]amWw FmWv \s ]TnnpXv {]mam
WnIcmb ap^ndpIfpw aplnkpIfpw Cu hnjbn
Fp]dbpp. ke^n AJoZ FmWv? \psS apKman
Ifmb apPmlnZv t\Xmfpw ]WvUnXmcpw Cu hnjb
n FmWv \s ]Tn- n- Xv? AsXmpw {in- m-
sXtbm As- n AsXmw Imn ]d- n- smtm
kzemln kakvXmsc t]mse {]m\sbbpw Bcm[
\tbbpw cmpp. ASp N AXmImw ""{]m\
AXp- X- s- bmWv Bcm- [\"" dkqens Cu hN- \s
dkqXs hniZoIcnXv Hcp Bbv HmXnsmmbn
cpp.
""\n- fpsS cn- Xmhv ]d- n- cn- pp \n FtmSv
{]mnq Rm \nv Dcw \Imw Fs Bcm
[nmsX Almcw \Snphcmtcm Ah hgnsb \ny
cmbnsmv \cIn {]thinpXmWv Xo"" (hn.
Jp. apAv an 60) Cu Bbns\ hniZoIcnpsImv Aam\n
auehn FgpXpp ""Fmhcpw Fs ASnabmb nXnv
\n Fs hnfnv {]mnmXncnphm \nml
an AXv \n- fpsS IS- a- bm- Wv . am- sc- sbnepw hnfnv
{]mnm AhImitam \ymbtam Bhiytam C. ZpB
C_m- Z- mWv Bcm- [- \- bns- - XmWv {]m- \bpw
XpSp hmIyn ""Fs hnfnv {]mnpXns\
Ipdnv Alw`mhw \Snph"" Fv ]dbmsX ""Fs
Bcm[nphscpdnv Alw`mhw \Snph"" F
{]tbmKw CXmWv ImncpXv Bcm[\bpsS Hcp C\
amb AXnse Hcp {][m\amb hnfnv {]mnepw
Amlphnt\mSv am{Xta BImhq (hnip JpB hnh
cWw Aam\n auehn hmfyw 4 t]Pv 2886) Bcm[\bn
shv Ghpw t{ijvT-am-bXv GXm-sWv \_n(-k)tbmSv
tNmZntm dkq Cs\ adp]Sn ]dp
...... .... .. ... :..,.. (_., ...
,,i ,. ..., . ,..,. ,,:,. ., :,x:..,
a\pjy X\npthn {]mnemIpp Bcm[\bn
shv Ghpw t{ijvTw (_pJmcn)
IpoXp aZ\nbpsS Cmans Poh F ]pkvX
In \nv Nne Imcyw ChnsS Ipdns \_n(k)bpsS
Cu hnh- cWw A\p- k- cnv {]m- \bpw {]m- \- bn
Dsm- p ap I- fpamWv Bcm- [\ Fp
{Klnmw Cu ASn- m- \- n ]S- - hs\ cn- tW
FXv Hcp {]m- \- bm- bXv sImv AXv Hcp C_m- Z-
mWv. \akvImcw {]m\bn DsmpXv sImv
AXpw C_m- Z- m- Wv . Aù- XnI am- n KpW- e-
_v[ntbm ZpcnX tamN- \tam t\Sm- \p A- \- am- {Xta
{]m\bmIpIbpq Imcy ImcW _fpsS ASn
m\n klmbnm\p A\sbmpw {]m
\b. (Cmans Poh sI. IpoXp -aZ\n t]Pv 13)
AùXnIamb amn KpWhpw tZmjhpw hcpm\p
Ignhv temI cn- Xm- hmb Am- l- hn\v am{Xta Dq
Ahs ]SpIfn Hcmpw B Ignhn. AXpsImv
C_mZn\v Al Ah am{XamWv AXmWv XuloZv
(AtX ]pkvXIw t]Pv 13) tUm: aplZv Ajvd^v auehn
]cntim[npIbpw kpsseam \Zvhn cNnpIbpw Pmen
bmv a {]knoIcnpIbpw sNbvX ""Amlphns\
GI-\m-pI F ]pkvX-I-n \nv Nne Imcy-
73
{Kln- mw.
ad `mKv \nv ImcyImcW_v AXo
Xambn e`nt klmb tXhpw Imh tXhpamWtm
{]m\ AXv Bcm[\bmWv (Amlphns\ GI\mpI,
kpsseam \Zvhn t]Pv 16)
a\pjy Ign- hn\v km[n- m Imcy- - fn- ep
klmb tXw krjvSnItfmSv \SpXv A\phZns
SmXmWv. {]kvXpX tXw Bcm[\bmWv. AXv Am
lphnt\mSv am{Xta tXSmhq (AtX ]pkvXIw t]Pv 17)
""Hcp AZriy inpapn `ntbmsS sNp
At]- - bmWv {]m\ Fm {]m- \bpw C_m- Z-
mWv C_mZv Amlhn\msX sNm ]mSn"" (hn.
Jp. hnhcWw Aam\n auehn hmfyw 3 t]Pv 1950) apl-Zv
AlZv _mjao FgpXnb "XuloZns {][m\yw" F
]pkvXIw aplZv sImSnbq hnh\w sNbvXv sI.
F.Fw. {]knoIcnncpp. Cu sImp IrXn hmbnm
- h apPm- ln- Zp- In- S- bn hfsc hnc- f- ambn- cnpw
{]kvXpX ]pkvXIn Aw ItmSnmw ""{]m
\bneqsSbpw, t\ hgn]mSpIfneqsSbpw Jp_qcnI X
fpsS Huenbmsf kao]npXpw apivcnpI Am
lphm Bcm[ysc kao]npXpw XXzn HpX
s- bt cp- Iq- cpw Am- lp- h- m- - hv C_m- Zv
sNp- p. CXp Xs- bs Amlp \ntcm- [n inv?
(XuloZns {]m[m\yw t]Pv 51)
Ckv dm- Av 57mw kqs hymJym- \n- p- sImv
ssiJp Cmw C_v\pssXan]dbpXv hmbnpI ""]c
aImcpWnI Dtinncppshn R Ahsc (ae
pIsf) Bcm[npambncpn Fv Ah ]dbpIbpw
sNpw"" (hn.Jp. kpJvdq^v 20) BscbmtWm Ah hnfnv
{]mnv sImncnpXv AhXs XfpsS cn
Xm- hn- - tev kmao]yamw tXSn- sm- n- cn- p- I- bm- Wv .
AsX. Iqn AmlpthmSv Ghpw ASphXs
(A{]Imcw tXSpp) Ah Ahs ImcpWyw B{Kln
p-Ibpw Ahs in`b-s-Sp-Ibpw sNp-p. (hn.-Jp.
Ckv dm- Av 57)ae- p- I,- Pnv ,a- \p- jy apX- emb ssZh
Zmkamsc Bcm- [y- cm- nb- Fm- h- tcbpw A`n- kw- t_m-
Z\w sNbvXp-sIm-mWv Amlp ]d-bp-Xv {]mn--
s- Sp- - h Xs Am- lp- hns kman]yw tXSp- Ibpw
Ahs A\p{Klw sImXnpIbpw in `bsSpIbpw
sNp-p-shv AXn-\m ae-p-I-tfmSpw Pnp-I-tfmSpw
{]mn- - hsc Dsm- sm- p- Xv t]mse ac- W- s- -
htcm Iap- n- en- m- - htcm Bb An- bm- - tfmSpw
kzmen- lo- - tfmSpw {]mn- p- - h- tcbpw Cu kqw
Dsmpp. B {]m\ "CkvXnKmk" F ]Zw D]
tbmKnv sImmbmepw icn (XuloZpw inpw kwib
v adp]Sn ssiJv kzmenlv_v\p A_vZp ûkm
t]Pv 55,56 ZAvh _pIvkv)
emCeml C-mlv F hnj-b-n 17101998
\v tImgn-tmSv Fw.-F-kv.-F-kv. HmUn-tm-dn-b-n shv
sI. Da auehn {]_w AhXcnnp {itbamb B
{]_n \npw \apv A]w hmbnmw Bcm[\
Fm Fv? Bcm[\ Amlphn\v am{Xsav {]t_m
[\w sNm h Ah- km- \s {]hm- N- I ]dp
""{]m\ XsbmWv Bcm[\"" C_mZv Amlphn\v
am{XamsWv IWniamnd \qdv IWn\v BbXp
Ifpv emCeml Cmlphns Ahpw AXv Xs
AXv Bhn - - Xv t]mse Xs Jp - B- \n
thsdsbmpw Bhnnn. ""\nfpsS dv {]Jym]n
75
n- cn- pp FtmSv \n {]mn- p- hn Rm
Rnv Dcw \Ipw"" Fs Bcm- [n- p- - Xns\
kw_nv Alcnphcmtcm Ah \nymcmb Ah
bn \cIn ISpXmWv ChnsS "{]mnpI"
Fv BZyw InXn\v tijw Bcm[npXns\-n
Almcw \Snphsc XmoXv sNbvXncnpIbmWtm
Atm BZyw ]d {]m\sbnXsbmWv ]noSv
Bcm[\ Fv ]dsXv {]hmNI NqnmWnp.
hmkvXhn {]hmNI Hcp Imcyw ]dm ]ns
thsdmcp sXfnhv \apmhiyan. B A\p{KloX \mhp
sImv ]dp FXv Xs aXnbmb sXfnhmWv B
nXnv JpB\n \np sXfnhv FSpv ]dbpI
IqSn sNbvXm {]Imin\pta {]Imiambn (emCeml
Cmlv sI. Da auehn) hopw Da auehn ]dbpp
""Hcp Imcy- ns ]qo- I- c- W- n\v th
{]hrnbn HcmfpsS inbn ASm `mKs
asm-cm sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-p--Xs{X klmbw. ^mnl
a\pjycpsS {]m\bvmbn ]Tnnncp Hcp kqdbm
Ipp. a\pjy Ahs\ AàpJoIcnpsImv ]dbpp.
\o Xs-bmWv Bcm-[-\-l amcpw AXn\v Al-
c AXn\m \ns am{Xw R Bcm[npp \oX
sbmWv klmbnm i amcpw AXn\v ic
AXn\m \ntmSpam{Xw R klmbs A`yn
pp. {]mNo\ Ad_nI AhcpsS tZhamtcmSv sNbvXn
cp {]m\Itfbpw AhcpsS t]cn Ah sNbvXn
cp Itfbpw JpB C_mZmsWmWv ]d
npsXpw Ah Hpw Cmw aXnse I
fpsS cq]- n- embn- cp- n- spw Ch Hmt- - XmWv ''
(sI.Da auehn ^mnlbpsS Xocv t]Pv 62,63) GsXmcp
Bcm[\bnepw {]m\ Aeo\ambncnpw {]m\
Bcm[\bmsWv hniZoIcnp [mcmfw ]pkvXI
sI.F.Fw. {]knoIcnnpv. Aa\mdnepw hnNn\
nepw [mcmfw teJ\ hnpv aebmfn Cd
s kmhmwKoImcw D Aam\nauehnbpsS JpB
hnhcWw apX a{Zkm ]mT]pkvXIw apX Ad_ntm
tfPnepw JpXp_Ifnepw BhnpXpw tIpXpw
]TnpXpw {]m\bnm Hcmcm[\bpw Cspw
Bcm[\Ifnsemw {]m\ tafnncnpp FpamWv.
Fm Bcm[\bmIpXpw Bcm[\bmXpamb cp
Xcw {]m\bpsmWv kakvXmcpsS hmZw sIm
pdw kwhmZw apX Ctmv hfsc iambn kakvX
m Ccw hmZhpambn cwKndnbncpp. CmanIm
ibmZine[njvTnXamb Hcp kaqls krjvSnm\pw
s]mXp apkvenwIsf samn Xs kzm[o\nm\pw
apPmlnZv {]m\n\v Ignnpv . kakv Xmt]mepw
Ah- cpsS Hmtcm- hm- Z- fpw Dt]- n- m \n_- n- X- cm-
bnpapv iwkp Deaamcpw Jadp Deaamcpw XmPp
Deaamcpw Iptd auem\ amcpw AShpI Bhp{X ]bn
bnpw apPm- lnZv {]m\w DbnnSn BZi- n
Hp- sXm- Sm t]mepw Ahv Ct- hsc km[n- n- n- .
am{Xa kakvXmsc Nnnnm\pw Xncpnnm\pw
apPmlnZv {]m\ns {]t_m[\w hgnshnpapv. Hcp
hkvXphns ]qX AXns A]Nbns Bcw`sa
B]vXhmIys A\zampwhn[w Bbpns knwl
`mKhpw XuloZn\v thn am{Xw amnhncp Hcp ]WvUn
X Xs Cu {]m\nsbpw AXns BZin
sbpw ISv Inshm HcpsSptm Atd_y
kmln- Xy- Im- c- \mb Xuô- Jp lIo- ans ""C_v eokp
77
bXkndp"" (C_veokv Pbnpp) F KpW]mT IY
Hmpt]mIpp. actbpw Int\bpw B{Kl kêo
IcWn\v thn kao]nncp PmlnenmImes .a
cp- `q- hm- kn - IfpsS Zpc- h- - bmWv IYm- C- Xn hrw,
kv{XoIv \ `mhns\ e`nm\pw tcmKw amdm\pw
Zpcn- X \on- n- m\pamWv Imcy- ambn acs Ah
{]m]nncpXv. BImev B\mn Hcp`\mb]WvUn
X Dm- bncp- p. hnhcw Adnv Atlw Hcpa- gp- sh-
Spv Bacw apdn- m Cdn.ac- nsdbpw At- l-
nsbpw CSbn ]nimNv {]Xysp. ]nimNpw ]n
X\pw Xn tLmcamb hmZ{]XnhmZfpw ]ns hgpw
Actdn. ]nX ]nimNns\ tXmnp, òamImc\mb
]nimNns\ Fpnb Zp_e\mb Ba\pjy tXmn
Xv imcocnI Icpv sIm, Cuam\ns Icpv sImm
bncpp. Cu {]iv\w ]ehw Actdnsbnepw Atm
sgmw ]nX Pbnp. ]nimNv ]cmPbsp.`\mb
]n- X- t\mSv Pbn- m Icpv sImv km[y- a- v
t_mys ]nimNv ASshmv amn. ]nXs Xebn
WSnbn Hcp Ingn kz \mWbw sImv shp. B
kz\mWbw D]tbmKnv Atlw cpNntbdnb `Ww
Ignm\pw kpJnm\pw XpSn, Hmtcm {]mhiyhpw Xe
bn- W- Snbn sImp- sh- p kz- \m- W- b- ns
Fw ]nimNv IpdpsImncpp Hcp Znhkw Hgn Ingn
am{Xw XebnWSnbn I ]WvUnX tIm]njvT\mbn
agp -FSpv P\ Bcm[np acw apdnm Cd-n
ncnp Atlnsbpw acnsbpw CSbn ]nimNv
{]Xysp Bt{Imipw, hmKzmZpw HSphn
]nimNpw ]WvUnX\pw Xn iamb bpw Actdn
Ftmgpw hnPbnncp ]WvUnX A vBZyambn ]cm
Pbns ssIp\o IpSnp. Abm ]nimNnt\mSv Xs
tNmZnp \n\v Fs\ Fs ]cmPbsSpm km[n
p. ]nimNv ]dp \o FtmSv bpw sNbvXXv Ahn
izmkhpw _lpssZhmcm[\bpw CmXmm thnbpw
k i\mb Amlphns {]oXnam{Xw ImwnpsIm
pambncpp. Fm Cv \o FtmSv bpn\v ]pd
sXv ]Sh\n \np Iqen {]XonpsImmbn
cpn adnv [\ \jvSw kw`hnXnep Acniw sImv
am{Xambncpp. Cu IY Cs kmlNcyn F{X
am{Xw A\zamsWv ]d-tb-Xntm. CXv IYbm
Wv. ]nimNv {]Xy- - s- Sp- sav kan- m- \p sXfn-
hmbn Bcpw FgpncptX.
79
Bcm[\bm {]m\?
1) {]m\bnm Bcm[\bnsv apPmlnZpI Fgp
Xn- bXv X\n hwK- zhpw ]cn- lm- ky- hp- am- Wv . kImv
t]mep {]m\bnm Bcm[\Ifpw Cmanepv
(sI.hn._ocIpn apym HgpIq aZvl_pw XJveoZpw
Hcp ka{K ]T\w t]Pv 182)
2) krjvSnI km[mcW \Smdp klmbmt]Ifpw
{]m- \- bmWv (Im- - ]pcw A_q- _ apym sIm- -
pdw kwhmZw t]Pv 21)
3) Amlp AmhtcmSv {]mnmw FXn\v sXfn
hmbn [mcmfw BbpI Rm HmXn (Im]pcw sIm
pdw kwhmZw t]Pv 76)
4) kqdv apAvan Adp- ]Xmw hmIy- nse ""DZv- Du\o""
F ]Z- n\v {]mn- pI F Aw (sI.-
hn._ocIpn apym HgpIq aZvl_pw XJveoZpw Hcp
ka{K ]T\w t]Pv 208)
5) ""Cm\Av_pZp hCm \kvXCu"" \ns am{Xw
R Bcm[npp \ntmSv am{Xw klmbw tXSpp
Fn- s\ CXn\v A- an AXv Zp hymJym\amWv
(kp- v Pam- Av Jp- B- \n lwk- tmb _mJhn
apn-bq t]Pv 121)
6) _ZcotfmSpw aplvbo ssiJnt\mSpw {]mnmw
(^Xmhm aplvbnp s]mf A_vZp JmZn apym
2/38)
7) AmlphmhtcmSp {]m\bpsS DZmlcWw
JpB\n ImWnWsambncpp auehnbpsS asmcp
hmin. acn- p- t]m- b- hsc hnfn- p- {]mn- m- sav Jp-
BsImvXs F.]n. m]ntm AhnsSbpw auehn
apJw Ipn (sImpdw kpn apPmlnZv kwhmZw t]Pv
163)
8) kpnI almmfpsS I_ ki\ thfbn
AhtcmSv t\cnv CkvXnKmk ({]m\) \SpI Xs
sNm- dpv AXv intm ]m]tam A (\p- kv d- p
A\mw amknI 1993 HIvtSm-_)
9) acnvt]mbhsc hnfnv {]mnmw (\mnI hn. aqk
apnbm N{nI Zn\]{Xw 1996)
10) Pohnncnphtcm acWshtcm Bb almm
tfmSv klmbw tXSptmgpw Amlphnt\mSv XsbmWv
klmbw AnpXv F hnizmkhpw t_m[hpw kZm
DmhWw (sI.Sn. am\p apym kXy[mc amknI 1997
sk]v Xw_)
11) {]m\ Amlphnt\mSv am{Xsa {]tabw kmm
C_veokns {]tabamsWv kpn ]WvUnX hlm_n
Isf sXcy- s- Spn (h- gn- ]n- c- - hsp- ]n lminw
\Cuan t]Pv 37)
12) ameaueqZpI ]mcmbWw sNepw aueqZv kwLSnn
epw Ahsc hnfnv {]mnepw _nZvAv A Fpw
Cman A\phZns ImcyamsWpw CXn\m hy
amWv. (kpv amknI 2007 G{]n)
AmlphmhtcmSv {]mnmw AXv tIhew
klmbtXw am{XamWv {]m\ thsd Bcm[\ thsd
km[m- cW klmb tX- n\pw {]m\ Fv ]dbpw
AmlphmhtcSv {]mnm JpB\n t]mepw
[mcmfw sXfnhpIfpv Cs\sbmsbmWv kakvXm
]dp {]NcnnpsImncnpXv {]m\ Amlp
hmhcntev Xncnv hnSm ]e Zp \ymbfpw \ho\
\nhN\fpw \Smdp kakvXm Xs Nnetm
kXyw Xpdv kXnmdpapv AXv ImWpI
81
{]m\ Bcm[\
1) {]m\ Bcm[\bmWv X^vkodp JpB Pem
sse\n ]cn`mj (Sn.sI. A_vZp apym amq t]Pv
476)
2) {]m\ Amlphnt\mSv am{Xta ]mSpq (AtX {Kw
t]Pv 32,135,138,214)
3) {]m\ C_mZm l_ot_
\pAvam\h ]dbpp \_nbn \nv
(A ahmln_p Pen Xgh aplZv apym 1mw
`mKw t]Pv 71)
4) AnbmfmIs HenbmfmIs Imhs, acamhs
Ah- tcmSv hn fn v { ]mn p - Xv in mWv
(AJuepZoZv t]Pv 100 djoZpo aqk apym)
5) {]hrnbmtem atm {kjvSmhns\t]mse krjvSnIfpw
Bbnocpsa hnizmkw inmWv. AXv Amlphns\
IqSmsX av CemlpIsf DmemWv (Alvepkp Hcp
Zmj\nI ]T\w t]Pv 87)
6) {]m\ Bcm[\bmsWv am{Xa, {]m\bnm
sXmpw Bcm[\bmhpIbn (^Xvlp Aeow 2/1032
XncqcmSn Jmfn A_vZpdm aJvZqan)
7) \mw \n- ln- p GsXmcp Bcm- [- \- bnepw Hcp
{]m\ Aeo\ambn InSpp (cnkme 2000 s^{_p
hcn 11)
8) {]m\ F A- ap ZpB Am- lp- hn- t\mSv
am{Xta ]mSpq FXn Bpw FXnc`n{]mban (Jp
Xp_nbv ]cn`mjbpw hymJym\hpw ]n.]n. aplvbo ap
ym ]mdq t]Pv 25) {]m\bpsS \nhN\w
^Xv lp _mcnbn \nv hmbnpI
.. ... . _,.. _ ...,. u. ...,.
... . ..., u, .::.:.. .:.. .:. ... ...
:i .,.,. :.. .. _.,. _..: ..s ,.
..., ...,. u,.,. ,. _ . , . . .. ,s
(- _.,. :., :..,.. .
]nimNns\ Bcm[nmepw ]qPnmepw ]nim
Npfn \nv Nne klmb e`npw ]s ]nimNn
t\mSv {]mnm AXn\v klmbnm\mhn (kIcnm
kemln- ) ]qPbpw Bcm- [- \bpw {]m- \- sb- s- mWv
kI- cnm kemln- bpsS \ho\ hmZw \ntmSv am{Xw
R klmbw An- p- p F hmIyw a\pjy
inv Apdp Imcyfn ssZhtmSmsX am
tcmSpw \mw klmbs A`yn- - cp- sXv ]Tn- n- p-
p. a\pjyinbn ASnb inIfn a\pjy]c
kv ]cw klmbs An- p- - Xn\v hntcm- [- an
kI--fn At\ym\yw klm-bn-p-hm Jp-B
Xs imkn- p- p(5:2) a\pjy in- - Xo- X- f- m
Imcysf kw_nnStmfw ssZhtmSmsX am
tcmsSnepw klmbs AnpXv Ahsc Bcm[n
pXv t]mseXs Ahv ZnhyXzw Dsv hnizkn
pXnsêamIbm A\ysc Bcm[nphsc t]mse
Xs AhtcmSv a\pjy inv ]pdsabp hnjb
fn klmbs Anphcpw Ahsc ssZhtmSv
kmZriysSppIbmIpp.(^mnlbpsS Xocv sI.
Da auehn, t]Pv:63)
_s..., _:. . ..,. .: :. :..... :
(,.., .: ,,., :.
Fs kap- [m- b- n \nv Nne tKm{X-
apivcnpItfmSv tNcpXphtcbpw Ah hn{Kls Bcm
83
[npXphscbpw Jnbmav\m kw`hnpIbn (Xpap
Zn)
aqkm\_nbpsSbpw Cukm \_nbptSbpw kaqlw
hn{Kls Bcm[nncpp. Dssk \_nsbbpw, Cukm
\_n- tbbpw ssZh- ]p- {X- m- cm- n- bncp- p. hn{K- l- n\v
]Icw apnwIfn [mcmfw t] J_dns\ Bcm[npp
Cs\ ]ehn[nep inv apofn Cv {]IS
ambn- Im- Wmw.
L hCG e hCG b hCG M hCG T ~YG e CG c Gg e aY ~b
~Y j hCG J dG EG j fCG hCG j hCG j fCG e hCG M hCG
fEa.....J dG EG SdGh dG O f~dG FGM e LM
(OG GQOG Y OYEG J) Z dG e TCG~b
CXn \nsmw Hcp hkv XpX \o {Kln- n- cn- p- atm
AsX, Hcp hrtam Hcp I_tdm Hcp aetm Hcp Pntm
Poh\pht\m acnht\m D]Imcw sNpsatm D]{Z
hnpsatm hh\pw hnizknv Asn Amlphn
tev ASpnpsav [cnp. Asn ip]miI\mtbm
cn- Xm- hn- te- p a[y- hn- bmtbm kzoI- cn- pXv
sImv GsXnepsamcpImcyn Amlphns kn
[nbn ip]mi ]dbpsav Ah IcpXn Fn Xo
bmbpw Amlphns IqsS aphsc Ah ]ptNp
Ignp.
(Ckvemans Poh)
.. :,,. .. ... .s , ..
. ..x. . :,,. ..... :,,,.
:.. ..,. .... ..,. .. . .. .
. ..,. _.... .... ..,. , ..,.
(_. ,,. ,,.:. ,,,- _., ,,.. ,,. _: ,
kap- Zm- b- - fpsS _lp- ssZ- hm- cm- [\ cp- X- c- n-
emWv Znhy- Xz- nepw, krjvSn- nXn kwlm- cm- Zn- Im- cy- -
fnepw Znhy- Xz- nse inmWv _lp- ssZ- hm- cm- [- I- cn
A[nIhpw. AXmWv _nw_, aepI, PnpI acn
- hcpw Pohn- n- cn- p- - h- cp- amb ssiJp- am k- \-
Fnhscsbms Bcm[nphcpsS inv (t]Pv 26)
., .:..: . ,: ., ,,. .
. ... .... _u.. ... .. ..
,. .,. s: .,. . .. _..: ....,..
(v-.,: , . ,
AXn\m \o Ahs\bmsX Bcm[ncpXv Ah
t\mSmsX klmbw AncpXv \Im\pw XSbm\pw
D]Imtcm]{Zh sNm\pw Ah\msX Bcpan.
.,. u.. .,,.. , ,. ... ...,. :,., ..
. .,,.. , ,. .. .. :.. . .,,.. , ,.
.,.. .. , ,. ..... , ,. . .....
... .s ,. _.,. . :.:. ..s _i
. ..., ..., ..,. ,,. .,:..,. .,,
_..: .. ,. .,, ,,..: ,,..: ,.. ,.....
(u, ..u. .s.. ..u. . . . , s,
AhnsShp {]m\bvv Dcw e`npXv
Hcp ]s {]Xn- k- n- L- - n- ep {]m- \- bm- b- Xn-
\mtem tIhew Hcp A\pKrlambntm AXpasn Am
lphns apIqnbp Xocpam\{]Imctam BImw. kXy
\n- tj- [n- I Ah- cpsS hn{K- l- - fpsS kao- ]- v shv
Ahsb CSbmfcmn {]mnnv Ahv Dcw e`n
t- pw. ag- e- `n- p- Ibpw, tcmKw ian- p- Ibpw sNpw.
Amlp ]dnpv Cqtcbpw Aqtcbpw \mw klm
bnpXmWv. \ns \mYs Zm\nsXs{X AXv
\ns cn- Xm- hns Zm\w XS- p- sh- - s- Sp- - X (C-
kvdmAv20)
85
hn{Klw ASap Bcm[y Dcw \IpItbm
klmbnpItbm tcmKw iannpItbm sNpn. hgn
s- - hpw hgn- s- Sm- - hpw Hcp- t]mse ùXn- I- tem-
Iv Amlp Ahs A\p- {K- l- \Ip- I- Xs
sNpw. ]s hn{Klmcm[Icpw apw Ahsb Bcm[np
sImmWv CsXms e`npsXv sXmbn a\nem
pp.
(..., _. ..... . ....,
BImi `qanbnephscmw Aht\mSv bmNnpp
(dlvam29)
( .,., ,,.., ... . .,...., ...
Ing- Imp- sImv F\nv Am- lp- hns
klmbw e`npIbpmbn, ]Snmd ImpsImv BZv
kaqlw \innsp. (hn.Jp.)
Imcy ImcW_XoXambn tcmKia\w hcp
pIsbXv GI Cemlmb Amlphns am{Xw Ign
hneps ImcyamWv. tcmKia\w hcppI FXv Hcp
Gekns ùXnI amb Ignhntem KpWntem s]Im
cya. Fncns AXp Npap\Sm tcmKw kpJs
Spsap hnizknph AXn\p AùXnIamb Hcp Ignhp
hIshp sImSppIbmWv sNpXv.AtXmsS AXv Cem
lns m\tv Dbcpp.(t]Pv 47)
............. adnv Ahs ASnaI Xsbmb ]pImsc Ah
\pqshv kmcw almamcpw aepIfpw PnpIfpw Ah
cpsS _nw_fpambncpp Cuhn[n Amlphns
]pImcmbn knsncpXv.(IpoXp aZ\n, Pohn
n- cn- p Huen- bm- - fpw, Pohn- n- cp Huen- bmfpw
t]Pv 17)
Atm acnpt]mb _Zv cov adImcyfdnbmI
gnbpsav sXncnpsImmWv Ch CuinpIsfmw
AhcpsSt]cn shp]pepXv.Fm adImcy
adnbph FXv temIcnXmhmb Amlphn\v am{X
ap hntijWamWv. apIzd_mb aentmaAvkqamb
{]hm-N-It\m Bhn-ti-j-W-n ]n (t]Pv 122)
am apivcnpIt]mepw hn] L-n Pnn
t\mtSm, almmtcmtSm klmbw tXSnbncpn. Am
lp- hn- t\mSv am{X- ambn- cpp {]bm- k- th- f- bn Ah
klmbw tXSn- bncp- - Xv.
,,i ,. ..., . ,..,. ,,:,. ., :,x:..,
Ah Ah- cpsS Bcm- [y- tcmtSm ]m- fn- Itfm
klmbw tXSn-bn-n-. Ahsc krjvSn Amlphnt\mSv
am{XamWv klmbw tXSnbXv. (C_v\pPco)
.. . .,, ,,. _s.. . . _.. :
.. ,. :,.. ,,:,..... .. i .,,.
...,.., .. ,,.:.,,,...i , ,,, ..
Amlphnt\msSmw ap Bcm[ymsc Dmp
apivcnpIv h D]{Zhtam hc t]mep hn]tm
_m[nm Ah Amlphnt\mSv am{Xw \njvIfambn
{]mnpw. Ans\ Ah inn \npw Ip^vdn
\npw tJZnv aSn AmlpthmSv klmbw tXSpw (C
_v\pPco t]Pv 28)
krjvSnItfmSv klmbw tXScpsXv sXfnbnm
]nXm]dXpw FgpXnbXpamb F{XtbmsXfnhp
I \psS apnepv. Amlp Aht\mSv am{Xta klm
bw-tX-Sm-hq-Fv Imcy-Im-c-W-k-lnXw \tmS I]n-p-
tm BsXfnhv am{Xw aXn \apv (Aa\m 2006 P\p
87
hcn) klmb tXw tIpI, Bhiymcs Bhiyw
AdnbpI AXp ]cnlcnm IgnhpmIpI ,tNmZns
Sph kao]\mhpI Fnh A\nhmcyamb LSI
fmWv. klmbtXn ChIsfmpanm (Btcm
Spw) klmbw tXSmhX.(Aa\m 2006 P\phcn) Pohn
X-n a\p-jy Ah\v {]Ir-Xy-mep Ign-hp-sImpw
Xs- tm- ep a\p- jy- cpsS klmbwsImpw ]cn- l- cn-
m Ignbm {]bmkfpw {]iv\fpapmIptmgm
Wtm AP\mb Hcp intbmSv klmbw tXSpXv.
a\pjy Ignhn\XoXamb {]iv\fn adhgn
bn- eqsS Fs\ kmlmbw e`n- pp F- dn- bmsX
GXv klmbhpw Fnphm Ignhph Amlp am{X
amWv Fm CukXy-n\nv hfsc AIenemWv
ssZh- hnizm- kn- I ]S dns\ t\mp- Ip- n- bmbn
\nn Ahs krjvSnItfmSv klmbw tXSpp.aep
I PnpI acWsh Pohnncnph hr
k kqcy N{ {]IrXn{]Xn`mk As\
Fmnt\mSpw Xs cnm\pw klmbnm\pw a\pjy
Anpp. Amlphnt\mSv am{Xw tNmZnt Imcy
acWshtcmSv tNmZn aXw hntcm[n ITn\
inn AIsSm CSbmIpw.
H e GTG da dG N e~MC G E G dG dM J
eh dL aGOh aGQh afh QV T ~MC G e e
dE G fSH a GH J a Z eh eh eh
(dG a)
aplvbpo ssiJv ]dbpp
Hcp hnj- a- L- - nepw Am- lp- hns krjv Sn- I- tfmSv
BtcmSpw BhemXnsScpXv \ns ] \nv Ahsc
Am- lp- hn ]p- tN- em- W- Xv . Am- lp- hn- t\m- sSmw
Ahs B[n]Yyn Bpw Hc[nImchpan Am
lphmsX tZmjw hcppht\m KpWw hcppht\m
\nehmcw Dbpht\m hnjaw XSppht\m t\w
Dmncpht\minnpht\m ]coWw \Sp
ht\m kuJyapmncpht\m tcmK apn \Ip
ht\m Bbnv BcpanXs. AXn\m krjvSnItfmSv
(\ns a\ns\) \o hym]rXamcpXv Amlphnt\mSv
am{Xw klmbw tXSemWv \ns ISa (^pXqlp ssK_v,
aplvbo ssiJv t]Pv 137)
89
tcmKtm amIcamb NnIn
BtcmKyw cv almb A\p{Klfn Hm
sWv \_n(- k) ]Tn- n- n- p- v . tcmKhpw Btcm- Kyhpw
\IpXv AmlphmWv. Nnev tcmKw \Inbpw ap
Nnev BtcmKyw \Inbpw Amlp ]conpw. ""Xn
sImpw \sImpw \nsf \mw ]conpXmWv''
(21:35) `bw, hniv, kzpfnepw tZlfnepw êaqem
ZnIfnepw Ipdhv Fnhbns] hXv sImpw Xo
bmbpw \nsf \mw ]conpXmWv. anphv
ktm-j-hm-b-dnbn-pI.'' (2:155)
Aphn[w ]coWsfbmWv Amlp FSpp
]dXv Chsbmw ]etmgpw DmImdp hn]pI
fmWtm? _mlyamb ImcyImcWsf ap\nn Ch
bvsmw NneImcW a\pjy\v ]etmgpw ]dbm\p
mbncnpw. Fnepw Ahsbms hmkvXhn Am
lphn \np Nne ]coWfmIpp. Ahbn a
ssI- sIm- p- - hv Am- lp- hn- - en \nv almb
A\p{Klfpw \bpw e`npw. AhcmWv \ {]m]n
almm (hn.JpB hnhcWw Aam\n auehn thm.1
t]Pv275)
.. . .. .. (_.,_,.. .(,:,., .
(,.._.i,., ..... .. . ..
A_qlpssdd(d)hn \npw \nthZ\w \_n(k)
]dbpIbpmbn ia\w \nbnnnm Hcp tcmKhpw
Amlp Dmnbnn. (_p.ap.)
.,. . .. .. .. ..(,..,. _, .
(.., ,., ,: ,:. .. .. . ., .,.
A_qZZmAv(d)hn \nv \nthZ\w \_n(k) ]d
p. AmlptcmKs Cdn. acppw Cdn Fm tcmK
pw Ah acppw \n- bn- p. AXn- \m \n
acpv D]tbmKnq. ]t \njn hkvXp sImv
NnInncpXv (A_qZmhqZv)
tcmK- i- a- \- n- \mbn Am- lp- hn- t\mSv {]mn- p-
Ibpw acpv tkhnpIbpamWv kXyhnizmknI sNt
Xv. am\knIhpw imcocnIhpamb cv Xcw tcmKfp
v. imcocnI tcmK Hcp]cn[nsc acpv D]tbmKnv
(]- S- - hs A\p- {K- l- ap- s- n) kpJ- s- Sp- m- \m- hpw.
Fm am\knI {]iv\v KpfnItbm acptm ên
Wsan. Cu Hcp cwKmWv a\pjy ]Ip\nIp
- Xpw, kam- [m- \hpw kmz- \- hpw- tXSn B ssZh- - fn-
tepw XomS\ tI{fntepw A`bw tXSpXpw.
sshZy- imkv {Xw ssIa- ep knKv Z L- - fn
Bob NnIn ê- {]- Z- am- sW- mWv "Bob NnIn-
'Icmbn thjw sIn \Sp ]ptcmlnXm AhIm
isSpXv. Nne tI{fn t]mbm XfpsS {]iv\
kzmanampw Xmpw Pnpampw ]cnl
cnm\mhpsamWv hnizmkw. Pnampw amv e`n
p- Xv `qcn- `mKw a\p- jy- cp- sSbpw Ccw at\m- `mhw
sImm- Wv . C tI{- n t]mbm tcmK- i- a- \hpw
kmz- \hpw e`n- psav Dd- p- hniz- kn- p Hcmv
AhnsS t]mbn kpJw e`npptm Fv appimn
m km[mcWbmbn hmZnmdpXv. kXyn CsXmcp
ssktmfPn {]iv\amWv. bpnhmZnbmb Hcp a\
imkv{X hnim-cZs ASpv t]mbm kam-izmkw e`n-
psav {]Xonp BfpIpw kmz\w e`np
91
ptm Ccw A\p`h apnshv Hmtcmcpcpw
Ahv tXmnb coXnbn A\pam\npIbmWv. Ghm
Sn- bntem Dm- ftm t]mIp A- hnizmkw _m[n
Hcp apn- am- bmepw thfm- - n- bntem ap- c tZhky
kmdnSpbttm t]mIp {InkvXym\nbmbmepw ]p
]nbntem AarXm\ aTntem t]mIp sslh
\mbmepw Asn kaX kulmns hnf \ne
sfv ]dbsSp XomS\ tI{fntev PmXn,
aX hK- t`- Zrat\y Hgp- In- sm- n- cn- p- hmw Inn-
sbv ]dbsSp kam[m\w s]mbmWv. Ahv e`n
psav ]dbp a\:imn kXyn anYybmWv. hmZ
n\v thn AwKoIcnmXsbpw AXv ssktmfPn
epamW.vv kXyn AhnsS \nsmpw bmsXmcp ia
\hpw e`nn ]nimNv Dmp hkvhmkmWv. Ccw
am\knI tcmKp ia\hpw knuj[hpw Am
lphnep ]qamb hnizmkhpw Xhpepw am{XamWv.
tcmKw amph Amlpam{XamWv. Fncnt ]nimNn
s\s\ \psS tcmKw t`Zamm\mhpw? C{_mlow \_n(
A) ]dXv \mw ]Tnnptm F\nv tcmKw _m[n
m Ah\mWv Fs kpJsSppXv (ipAdmAv 80)
AXmbXv hnizknpIbpw AmlpshHmphtc Adn
btW, Amlpsh ]nbp HmasIms{X a\pI
imamIpXv (hn.JpB 13:28)
icocnI tcmKtm amcIamWv a\ns\ _m[n
p tcmKsfv Cmw ]Tnnpp. JpB\n "adfv'
(tcmKw) s\ kw_nv [mcmfw hN\ ImWmw. Ahn
sSsbmw lrZbfnep tcmKsIpdnmWv ]cmain
pXv "" AhcpsS a\pIfn Hcp Xcw tcmKapv. Xn
anw Amlp Ahv tcmKw h[nnpIbpw sNbvXp''
(hn.-Jp-B 2:10) Fgp-]n Ap-i-X-am-\hpw tcmK-
fpw a\pambn _sv DmhpXmsWmWv B[p
\nI sshZyimkv{X \nKa\w. DXvIWvT, Akzmyw, `bm
iI, sshcmKyw, tIm]w, Akqb, Zp:Jw, taml`wKw
XpSnbh a\ns\ _m[np tcmKfmWv. Ccw
tcmK- ico- c- ns\ IqSn ]noSv _m[n- p- p.
sSj\pw ]ncnapdphpw B[p\nI a\pjysc {Kkn amdm
hym[nbmbnmWv a\:imkv{X hnebncppXv. hni
v, cpNn, Ddw, Zl\w Chsbmw icocnemWv {]IS
ambn- Im- Wp- - sX- nepw `Ww Ign- m- Xn- cp- npw hni-
nmbvabpw cpNntbdnb `Ww Xnptmgpw cpNntXm
mXncnepw \t oWnX\mbnpw Ddw hcm Ah
bpw D, kzmyw \jvSs [mcmfw a\pjysc \ap
nv ImWm Ignbpp. kmnI {]iv\tam Zmcn{Zytam
A Ahsc AepXv. {`mv ]nSnhs\ t]mse Xmfw
sXnb a\ns DSaIfmb bm{nIPohnI B[p\nI
temIs D]t`mK kwkvImcw krjvSnp CcIfmWv.
icocw Xfhv hsc \akvImcw \n_amWtm
Fm XmfwsXnb a\p BtcmKyhm\mb Hcp bphm
hn\v \nkv Imcw _m[y- X- bn- . hyn- Xz- cq- ]o- I- c- W- n\v
A\nhmcyamb \nti \Ip Cmw a\pjys
a\nt\mSmWv kwhZnpXv. tbmKbpw, a\imkv{Xhpw
kmz\ NnInbpw IuknenwKpw k{X N sN
sSp Cmepw Cmans Fm cwKpapXv t]mep
, amK\ntZiw Cu hnjbnepw kzoIcnm Xm
dmbm am{Xw aXn, \psS kIe {]iv\fpw ]cnlcn
sSpw. FbvUvkns\Ipdnp òXnsImv am{Xw kzw
93
`mcyamcpambn am{Xw ssewKnI _w shp]pem
\n_- n- X- cmbn- cn- p- I- bmWv Cs P\- . Cm-
es "]cn- jv Im- cn'- Iv kZm- Nm- chpw [mn- I- Xbpw
tIhew ]g k{ZmbamWv. ssZhw acnpshv hov
]dh a\pjy\v am{Xw _m[np Nne tcmKsf
t]- Snv Nne \nb- {- W- fpw B kwb- a- \hpw ]men-
pp. FbvUvkv hcmXncnm\p GI acpv ssewKnI
hnipnam{XamsWv sshZyimkv{Xw Cv Dds hnfnp
]dbpp. k Xnbntepw \bnp a\ns\ ISn
mWnSp BtcmKy NnbmWv Cmsan Fm òXn
tcmKn \npap tamN\w ssZhNnsImpam{XamWv
DmhpI. Amlphn Xhpemnbhv hmsX `b
sSpItbm AanXamb Bitbm \ncmitbm _m[np
Itbm C.
kXy- hnizm- kn- Iv ia- \hpw Imcp- Wy- hpam- bn- p-
Xv Jp- B- \n- eqsS \mw Ah- X- cn- n- p- sIm- n- cn- p- p.
A{IanIv AXv \jvSamsX (asmpw) h[nnp
n-. (hn.-Jp-B 17:82)
a\pjya\n\pmIp amdmhym[np knu
j[amWv Ckvemw. _lpssZhhnizmkw, Ahnizmkw,
temIam\yw, Almcw, Akqb ]I XpSnb k Xn
I- fp- tSbpw tI{w a\- m- Wv . AXp- t]mse GI- ssZ- h- hn-
izmkw kXykX, hn\bw, \oXn, B{ZX, klm\p`q
Xn, ImcpWyw, XpSn Fm \bptSbpw ktXhpw a\
mWv. AXn\m JpB ]mcmbWhpw ]T\hpw \n
lnp kXyhnizmknpam{Xta JpB ia\hpw Imcp
WyhpambnXocq. JpB GXv a\pjytcbpw kzm[o\npw
F XXzw CXns\Xnc. kXyhnizmkn \nv ]pdw
Xncnv \nphv \jvSamsX h[nnpIbn.
a\ns\ hnaeoIcnh hnPbw ssIhcnp. IfsSp
nbh \n`mKyaSbpIbpw sNbvXpsh (19:9:10) hN\w
ChnsS Gsd {]k- - am- Wv . kXy- hnizmkn ]cnip- \pw
Ahnizmkn tO\pamsW {]kvXmhw imcocnI kw_
nbtm. icocns hrnbpw shSnpw sImv am{Xw
Hcmfpw ip\mhn. a\ns ipnbmWv {][m\w. kXy
hnizmknv kIe am\knI {]iv\fn \np ia\
amWv hnip JpB.
a\pjys icocn Hcp amwkIjvWapv AXv
\m-bm apjy BsI \mbn. AXv tISm-b a\p-
jy BsI tISmbn. AdnbtW (\_nhN\w) Amlp
\nfpsS icocntetm cq]ntetm A t\mp
Xv. J_ntemWv t\mpXv.
kXyhnizmknIv JpB ia\hpw ImcpWy
hpamsW hN\s kakvX kpnI JpB ]mcm
b- W- n- \pw ]Tn- m\pw Xs \bn- m- \p- apXm- sW
hnizmktmsSmw NnInbvpw IqSnbpXmsWv {]N
cnnv ]nmWsagpXm\pw Ddpv sIm\pw a{hmZ aS
ap CmanI hncpamb NnInbvv thn JpB
hN\s Ah Zpcp]tbmKw sNbvXp. aXns t]cn
apow kapZmbs NqjWw sNbvXp hncp ]utcm
ln- Xy- n- s\- Xnsc Cmln {]m\w BZi kacw
\Sn \nc- - c- amb t]mcm- - ns ê- ambn Jp- B
NnIn tIc- f- n \ma- am- {X- ambn amdn. Ckv - an- tbpw
Xkamnsbpw ]WnIfpw Pnnd NnInbpw kaq
ln Ipnbpt]mIp Ah kwPmXambn. ]pXnb
cq]`mhw ]qv Bob NqjW taJeI Ifw amdnbpw
95
av tan ]pd tXSnbpw CcIsf tht]mse Fm
Imepw krjvSnncppshnepw JpB NnInbpw
Pnnd NnInbpw \mSp \onbncpp. Hcp kp{]`m
Xn s]spmb amanXv. Cmlo {]m\ns
XymtKm- ze- amb \thm- m\ Ncn{Xw CXn\v apnepw
]nnepapv. ]t Av Cmlo {]m\w t\cntSn
h Xnt\m henb {]iv\amWv \n`mKyhim Cv
A`napJoIcntn hcpXv. Av AhnizmknIfn
\npw ]utcm- ln- Xy- n \np- amWv shp- hnfn t\cn-
tSn hsXn Cv BZihmZnIsfvAhImis
Sphcn\npw P\v Znimt_m[w ImWnpsImSp
t Nne ]nXmcn \npamWv {]Xnkn krjvSn
sSpXv. Bob NnInpw JpB sXdmnpw
Pnnden\pw Chp t\XrXzw \Inbtm km[m
cW P\fn ]ecpw AXn hoWpt]mbn.
apPmlnZv {]m\apmnb ]cnh\s ]pn
p {]mIrX NnInmcoXn hmintbmsS \Snemm
ChnsS Nne HcpsndnbncnpIbmWv. Ccppapdnbnse
Icnqbpw Ccpns Bmfpw Cmlo{]hIcmb
NnecpsS XeIv Cv IpSntbdnbncnpIbmWv. òXn
P\Iamb Acow krjvSnm CXns {]mtbmPI
[mcmfw IYI sa\sSpp. K^n \npw Pnnd
koUn hym]Iambn CdpaXn sNbvXp. Zmdpemw
sskneqsS temIsmmsI Ahnizmkw {]Ncnnm
\p {iahpw \Spp. \pbvpw Iqcnpmm kzbw
ISpw aphcpsS IpI ASnpw ]q k\ymkn
Iv hnl- cn- m- \p CS- m- h- f- amn Cm- ln- tI- {-
sf amm\p Xo{hbamWv Cq \Snsmn
cn- p- - Xv.
Am- lp- A- m- - h- tcmSv hnfnv {]mn- m\pw
B{Kl kêoIcWw eyanpw ZKIfntev Xom
S\w \Sp apnI tIcfn [mcmfapv. kakvX
m- cpsS {][m\ hcpam\ am- amWnXv . Ah- cpsS al-
mb ]em]\fpw ZKbnse hcpam\w sImmWv
\Snsmv t]mIpXv. ZKbn t]mbmepw AhnSpv
e`n- p shtam Ftbm ]qthm ]e- lm- ctam Ign-
mepw tcmKw amd- pIbpw _Iv e`n- p- Ibpw sNpw
FmWv ]ma- c- hniz- kn- p- - Xv . Fnepw Cv
t]cvtI Nne ZKISpv hInS tlmkv]nepI
Dbp- h- n- p- v. k tcmK- pw ê- {]m]vXnbpw
B{K- l- k- ^- eo- I- c- W tI{- am- sWv ]d- b- s- Sp ZK-
I- Spv Xs ZK- m- cpsS sNe- hn Ah Xs
\Sntm tlmkv]nepI DbphcpXv hntcm[m
`m- k- am- Wv . ]s ZK- bn hnizm- k- an- m- - hmWv
tlmkv]nense NnInsbmWv Dcw apptmfp
\ymbw. kXy- n ZK \S- p- - hpw AhnsS P\-
sf sXfnpsImpt]mIp ]nXmpw ZKbnse
êknnsbpdnv Hpw hnizmkansXns {]Xy
sXfnhmWv. ZKmcpsS kq kvs]jymenn tlmkv]n
epI.
]pWymmfpsS J_ ki\w hgn tcmKfpw
ùXnIamb av ]e {]iv\fpw ]cnlcnm\mhpsamWv
kakvXmcmb km[mcWmcpsS hnizmkw. ZKbntev
tcmK- i- a\w {]Xo- nv t]mbm tcmKw amdpw. ]s
AhnsS t]mI inmWv FmWv kcn kzemln
bpsS Xnqcw. AhnSs \qepw shhpw Fbpw D]
tbm-Kn-m tcmKw t`ZamIp-a-s{X. ]nim-Nvaq-e-ap-m-Ip
97
tcmKamsWn ]nimNv Abmfn \nv CdntmIpw.
Atm AbmfpsS tcmKw t`ZamIpw FmWv hniZoI
cWw. ]nimNv a\p- jysc sImv inn Xf- n- Sm- \m-
Ws{X Cs\sbms ]dbnpXv. J_dmcm[\sb
Htcsbmcp inmWv Hcp kakvXmc sNpsXn
]nimNv tcmKapmpsa ka\w hmZn\v thn
sbnepw AwKoIcnmambncpp. Fm ]eXcn
inv sNp- - hsc sImv J_- dmcm- [\bneqsS Hcp-
invIqSn sNnv ]nimNn\v Fv t\amWpmhpI. Hcp
aph- lv ln- Xmb a\p- jys tcmKw ZK- bn t]mbntm
\qev sI- n- smtm ]nimNv amncp- sav ]d- m
k] -IY hniz-mkyambn tXmp-am-bn-cpp . ]nimNv
tcmKw Dmpsan AXv aphlnvZpIsf am{XamWv _m[n
tXv. ]nimNv aqew tcmKnbmbnv F{XapPmlnZpIfmWv
ZK- bn t]mbn ia\w tXSn- bXv . F{X t]cv a{- - cSv
sIn - bn - p- v . F{X- t] Xpem- `mcw \S- n - bn - pv
Fsms tNmZnm Hcp apPmlnZns t]mepw t]cv ]d
bm Ignbptam. ke^nInSbn ZKbnse ApX
knnbpw ]nimNpmp tcmK IYIfpw knv ]d
tb Fv A\nhmcyXbmWp kemlnpXv. {]t_m
[- \- ns apK- W- \m- {Iaw sXn- am{X- a, ip
BZi hyXn- bm\w Xs- bm- WnXv . Xs Zphm- Zs
FXnphscsbmw lZokv \ntj[nbmbn NmIpn
HXpmsamWv kcn hnNmcnpXv.A\phZ\obamb
Hcp Imcyw sNpXns t]cnt]mepw Ahnizmkhpw
inpw ISphcm km[yXbpsn AXv Dt]n
emWv \sXpw Nnetm Dt]n \n_am
sWpw ]Wv Un- X- m ]d- n- p- v . I_ knbmdv
C{_mans {]mcwÌmev \_n(k) \ntcm[nncpp F
B kmlNcyw \mw a\nempI.
hnizmk ZrVoIcWw htijamWv J_ knbm
dv kpmbn \_n(k) ]TnnpXv. amapivcnp
Iv Zmv AhmpXvt]mse \appw thWw Hcp
Zmp Ahmsv ]pXpapowIfn Nne dkqent\mSv
Bhiysp. aqkm\_ntbm thsdmcp ssZhs Bhiy
s-Xv t]mse-bp Kpcp-X-c-amb Bh-iy-am-WnsX-mWv
Xncp\_n adp]Sn ]dXv. _lpam\mZchv AXncpIhnv
a\p- jym- cm- [- \- bntev {]bmWw sNbv X Dssk- d- sbpw
CukmbptSbpw kapZmb IY lZokv ]TnWw.
sshdkv aqew tcmKw _m[nmw. sImXpIv, Cu,
Xhf, ]n, tXfv \mb ]nXpSnb PohnIfpsS ImcW
ambpw tcmKw _m[ntmw. sImXpIpw Cubpw t]mep
PohnI ]cp tcmK kXyhnizmknsb am{Xa
Fm-P-\--sfbpw _m[npw. ]nimNv ]c-p--tcm-K--
sfv GsXnepw Hcp tcmKs Ipdnv BmWv ]dbm
\mhpI? h acppw D]tbmKnv ]nimNpmnb tcmKw
t`ZamIptam? KpfnIbpw acppw C\pw ]nimNns\
AI- m\pw Hgn- n- m\pw ]p- tam. ]nimNv Cjv S- s- Sp
inv t]mep sXpI sNbvXmemWv ]nimNv Cdn
tmhpI F kcnbpsS KthjWw Gsd sshcpyw
\ndXmWv A]IShpamWv. Nne BbpIfpw kqdp
Ifpw {]m\Ifpw \Sn ]nimNns\ Cdmsapw ]d
bp- p- apv . k- cn kzemln {]am- W- hncp- - ambn- mWv
]nimNv tcmK-apmn inv sNnpp Fv ]d--
Xv. \_n(k) Ans\ ]Tnnnn. a{nqXnb NcSv sIn
bm tcmKw amdnsmWv dkq (k) ]TnnXv. Camw
99
AlvaZv Dcnpp. ""HcmfpsS ssIXbn \_nXncp
ta\n shnsImp Hcp hfbw Ip. AXn A\njvS
{]ISnnsImv AhnSpv tNmZnp. FmWnXv? Hcp -
tcm-K-n-\p NnIn--bmbn Rm\Xv [cn-p-I-bm-sWv
Abm ]dp. \_n(k) ]dp \ns tcmKw h[np
Itb Dp. AXv FSpsdnpsImp. AXv tZlv
hnpsImv acnp ]w \o Hcnepw hnPbw {]m]n
pIbn''.
Fm tcmK- pw acp- p- s- mWv Ahn- Spv
(k) ]dXv. IcnocInsbpw tX\ntbpw êkn
nsbpdnv hsc \_n(k) kwkmcnnpv. ]nimNpm
p tcmKn\v Cn NnInbmWpsXv ]dbp
Hcp lZosknepw dkqen \nv kzlolmbnv dntmv
sNbvXnptm? tcmKw hm FmWv sNtsXv
apPmlnZpI tIcfs ]Tnnncpp. ""\nfpsS aIv
tcmKw _m[np. ImcyImcW _fpsS ASnm\n
NnIn \S- - Ww. Atem- - Xnbpw tlman- tbm- - Xnbpw
Bbpt- Zhpw bp\m- \nbpw {]tbm- Kn- p- t\m- mw. NnIn-
I ênmsX hcptm tcmKhpw acppw hn[n
Amlphnt\mSv {]mnpIbpw anpIbpw sNpI''.
( Cmans ASnd XuloZv IpoXp aZ\n 133)
Ddpv GXv XcnepXmsWnepw AXv \njn
amWv. JpB FgpXnb Ddpv sImsa hmZKXn Cm
anI hncpamWv.
]v t]cp kwLw \_n(- k)sb ss_Av
sNm thn aptmv hp. HXv t]cpsS ss_Av
kzoI- cn dkq Hcm- fpsS ss_Av am{Xw \nc- knp.
Abm- fpsS ssIbn Ddpv sInb NcSv Dm- bncp- p.
Abm kzbw AXv s]mnsdntmgmWv dkq Abm
fn \nv ss_Av kzoIcnXv. XpSv dkq Cs\
]dp. Ddpv sInbh inv sNbvXh\mWv.
(,.. ,.. .. . :., . .
Bscnepw a{cSpsInbm Amlp Ahs
Dtiw ]qn-bm-m-Xn-cn--s. (A-l-a-Zv)
(,.. ,,. . . .. .s ,. , .. ..,... ... ....s : .
Bscnepw tPymys\tbmIWp -t\mph
s\tbm eWw t\mndbphs\tbm kao]nv Ah
]dbpXv hnizknpIbpw sNbvXm Ah aplZns
ta AhXcnXns\ Ahnizknp. (AlaZv)
Ddppw NcSpw sInbm tcmKw amdpsa hnizmkw
Xs CmanI hncpamWv. tcmKw hnnpItb Dp
Fpw \ns Dtyiyw kêamhmXncnssbpw dkq
(k) {]mn- XmWv \mw amXr- I- bm- t- - Xv . AmsX
PqX a{n \qev sIn C_v\p akv DuZv(d) hns `mcybpsS
In \npw [mc[mcbmbn HgpInb Io \np F
lZok. NcSv sInbm tcmKw amdns lZokpw PqX
a{n- m Iocp \np- sa lZokpw kzlo- lmbn
dntmv sNbvXnpv. \mw kzlolmb lZosk \nev
Fm _lpam\hpw \evIn AXv InXm_n Xs \ntms
Fv hnNm-cn-mt\ \nm-l-ap-q. lZo-kns\ \ntj-[n-
emhn. kwibw Hgnhmn Ddntepw \o Bhiyan
m--Xns ]nmse t]mtI F XXzhpw kzoI-cn-
mWv Cs\ \ne]mSv.
Fn- \[nIw ]d- bp- p. lZo- kp- I sXfn- hn\pw
hnizm- k- n\pw ]n- sv ]d- n- cp Ap Jp-
BImt]mepw lZokv \ntj- [n- m sXfn- hp- - cn- p-
101
Xpw lZokpIfmWv. (DZmlcWw, Fn \nv dkq
Jp-B am{Xw Fgp-Xn-bm aXn Fv dkq ]d-p-
h lZo- kv ) ]dph- Xv Jp- B- \n- s\bpw lZo- kp- I-
sfbpw kzanjvS{]Imcw hymJym\nepw hfsmSnepw
ên JpB lZokv \ntj[w XsbmWv.
tZmssjI- Zr- p- I lZokv ]T\w \Sn- bmepw
KthjWw \Snbmepw Ahv AXnsems Ahn
izmkn\p sXfnhpIfmWv ImWpI. kakvXmcpw Pam
AvImcpw XoKvImcpw ]TnXpw JpB\pw lZokpw
Xs- bm- Wv . Ah- scmpw lZokv \ntj- [n- I- f- . ]s
Cmans X\Xmb BibmZin \nv Ah 1500
A[nIw sIms ]pdtImv Ah t]mbnpv. AYhm
BZiw kw`hnnpv.
""\psS apn - bm- - fn Nn e Pn n - tbpw
ssimtbpw klmbw tXSpI F inns Nphbn
msX Amlphns klmbw am{Xw tXSnsmpw Jp
B BbpIfpw icnbmb Nne {]m\Ifp]tbmKnv
sImv a{npXpw Ddpv sIpXpw FgpXn Ien
pSnpXpw tZmjansv hmZnppv. Fm Cu
amXrI Bcp ImWnp. (^mnlbpsS Xocv Da aue
hn- - t]- Pv- 92)
Hcn \_n(k) Hcp tcmKnsb kinp. Ahn
sSbphtcmSv tcmKnsb NnInnm sshZys\ hnfnp
hcm Bhiysp. AXnsemcm BcytmsS tNmZn
p. {]hmNIsc AmtWm CXv ]dbpXv. Xncpta\n {]Xn
hNnp. AsX, Rm XsbmWnXv ]dbpXv.\_n(k)
Bob NnIn- tbm dpJn- - i- d- C- tbm \ntZ- in- n- .
CsXms Dmbnpw AhnSpv sshZys\ sImphcm
]d- bn- tm.
Hcp \mn tImf- d- bp- s- - dn- m Ahn- tSv
t]mh- cp- sXpw tImf- d- _m- [n \mn- ep- - h AhnsS
\npw ap Znp- I- fntev t]mIm- Xn- cn- m {in- - W-
sapw \_n(k) DWnbnpv. ]nimNv tcmK_m[bp
m- p - san dkq en s Cu \n tin \v
FamWpXv. _pnbph a\nempw. tcmKw
_m[nm \n tcmKs i]ncpXv. De Ccpns
IoSw DcpnfbpXpt]mse tcmKw a\pjy]p{Xs\ ]m]
n \npw ipo-Icnpw. (\_n hN\w)
A_qlp- ssd- d- bn \npw \nth- Z\w dkq ]d-
bpIbpm- bn. ia\w \n- bn- nnm Hcp tcmKhpw
Amlp Dm- n - bn - n - . hm- Iy- a- m tcmK-
smw acppv. (A a\m amknI 1985 G{]n
t]Pv 11)
"Fm tcmKn\pw acppv''.
B{Kl km[nm Amlp AmhtcmSv klmbw
tXSpp tcmKw kpJsSm\pw Zmcn{Zyw AIem\psams
Amlp Am- - hv t\ t\cp- p. AXp- sImv
Dtyiyw \ndthdpsamWv hnizmkw. _dIptinv Ah
cpsS \ma Ch DcphnSpp. AXpsImmWv Amlp
InXv \nkvIm-c-n Cs\ {]mn-m. Xp-
cmt\ \nsam{Xw Rm Bcm[npp. \ntmSv am{Xw
Rm (\mw) klmbw tXSpp. (lppmln _men
K imlv henbpmln Zlvehn ]cn`mj. sI.hn.Fw. ]m
hq, t]Pv-209,210)
Hcp app Xdm t]mepw anm {]Xnêhpw
]m]tamN\hpw e`npsamWv \_n(k) bpsS A[ym]
\w. Am- lp- hns\ Xs `c- ta- n- p- I- sb Xulo- Zn
103
\n- I- - h sNs- p inns asmcp cwK- anXm
AhcpsS Xhp a{hmZnIfntepw \opp. As\
Ahsc Bcm-[y-cm-pp. a{-hm-Zn-I \Ip Ddpv
\qeneqsS tcmKia\tam _tm B{Kl kêoIc
Wtam {]Xonm AXv inmbn (Amlphns\ GI
\mpI kpsseam \Zvhn t]Pv 41)
PohnXnse kpJ:ZpJ: Amlphns hn[n
bmsWv Cuam Imcyfn BdmasXv \s _m[y
sSppp. AXn amw hcpm Bpw km[ya.
PohnXmh--bnse am-v Am-lp-hns\ Xs `c-
tanWw. Fm ZpcnXfpw tcmKfpw `bmSp
Ifpw AIm km\kmnIZu`mKyfpw apw
]cnlcnm ]ecpw acWs almmcnepw PnpIfnepw
aepIfnepw Pmdfnepw `ctanpp. AXv inmWv .
Ah- tcm- Sp {]m- \- bntepw t\- bntepw _en-
bntepw apw AXv henngpw. Xhpense hyXnbm\w
]e- apow- I- tfbpw A- e- - fnt]mepw `c- tan- p
Ahbnsennpv. (Amlphns\ GI\mpIkp
sse-am \Zv-hn t]Pv-34,35)
km\ ku`mKyw e`nm Kpcphmbqcen
Xpem`mcw\Snb apow \ma[mcnIfpv. CtX Dtyiy
n thfm- - n- bntev t]mIp- - h- cp- v . Ghm- Sn- bn-
tepw apw t]mIphcpv. apnw, Aapnw F hyXym
kanmsX P\ Ccw tI{fntev B{Klk^
eo- I- c- W- n\v t]mIm- dp- v . AhnsS sNm km\
ku`mKyhpw tcmKia\hpw e`nptam? Hcnepan. Am
lpam{XamWv tcmKw ampXv. ]nimNn\v As\ Hcp Ignhv
Amlp \In- bn- n- . tcmK- i- a- \- ap- m- bm P\-
shdpsX Ccw tI{fn hchp shpIbmWv. ZK
bntev t]mbm ]nimNv tcmKw amp- sa hnizmkw
AhnizmkamWv.
kXyn Fmhpw tcmKia\w \evIpXpw
km\ ku`mKyw \IpXpw Amlpam{XamWv. ]nim
Nn\v As\ Hcp Ignhpsn km\ ku`mKyhpw
tcmKia\hpw eyanv ss]imNnI tI{n t]mI
Fs\bmWv inmhpI. inv Fm Amlphn\v
am{Xw AhImis Ahs am{Xw Ignhns] Imcy
fn asm- cmsftbm hkv Xp- hn- t\tbm ]m- fn- bm- - em- Wv .
tUmIvSdpsS ASp tcmKia\w {]Xonv t]mI A\p
h- Z- \o- b- hpw in- m- - Xp- am- Ip- p. Amlp Abmv
\Inb Ignhns t]cnep ImcyImcW _nep
NnIn kzoIcnpI FXn\memW.v tUmIvSsd kao]n
in- m- - Xv . tcmK- i- a- \- ns BXy- nI DSa
Amlp am{XamsW bmYmXyn\v tUmIvSsd kao
]n FXncmhpn.
tUmIvS-dpsS NnIn--bn Aù-Xn-I-Xbn-. X-
m-cp-tSbpw _ohn-am-cp-tSbpw imn- m-cp-tSbpw tPymy-
m- cp- tSbpw NnIn ùXn- I- a- . BNn- In- v ê- an- .
Aù-XnI amK-n KpWhpw tZmjhpw hcp-m-\p
Ignhv temIcnXmhmb Amlphn\v am{Xtabpq. (C
mans Poh IpoXp aZ\n t]Pv 13)
""Imcy Imc- W- _- - - Xo- X- ambn tcmK- i- a\w
hcp-pI FXv GI Cem-lmb Am-lp-hns am{Xw
Ign- hneps- - Im- cy- am- Wv. tcmK- i- a\w hcp- pI FXv
Hcp Gens ùXnIamb Ignhntem KpWntems]
Imcya. Fncns AXn\v AùXnIamb Hcp Ignhv hI
105
sh- p- sIm- Sp- p- I- bmWv sNp- Xv AtXmsS AXv Cem-
lns m\tpbcpp.
(Cmans PohsI.IpoXp aZ\n t]Pv 47)
tcmK- pw ap Ah- i- X- Ipw Imcy- Im- c- W-
_fpsS ASnm\n am{Xw ]cnlmcw ImWm
{ianpI. ImcyImcW _XoXambn tcmKw kpJ
sSpm Ignhp Amlphnt\mSv {]mnpI. a
ssIsImpIbpw sNpI. CXmWv Cmans amK\nt
i. (AtX ]pkvXIw)
dkq ]dbpp, Xobmbpw Amlp Hmtcm tcmK
n\pw Hmtcm acpv \nbnnpv. AXv sImv \n
NnIn \S- pI ldm- amb amK- n ia\w tXSm
\n {iancpXv. (A_qZmhqZv)
ôdpmam DucpNpn shw a{nptm
"PnpIqSnb _ohnam' hoSpIfnencpv \qepa{npp.
Pmd- nse \ne- hn- f- n- ep Agppw inpw \nd
F hnXcWneqsS ]qPmcnI "kapZmb tkh\w' \S
pIbpw sNpp
(Cmans Poh t]Pv 47)
amdmhym[nI amm\mbn ]p ]n Pmds
kao]nph Amlphns AhIminepw A[nIm
cnepw (FmwImWph, Fmw tIph, Fmw
Adnbph, Fm Imcypw Ignhph) Fo
KpWfnepw AhnsS adhv sNshs\ ]ptNpI
bmWv sNpXv
(AtX ]pkvX-Iw t]Pv 35)
hopw apIfn kqNnn lZokv hmbnpI A_q
ZZmAv(d) \nthZ\w, \_n(k) ]dp AmlptcmKs
Cdn acppw Cdn
Fm tcmKpw Ah acppw \nbnp. AXn\m
\n acpv D]tbmKnq. ]t \njn hkvXp
sImv NnInncpXv. .....""AhnsSbp InWdpIfnse aen
\shw kh tcmK hn\miIcamb knuj[amsW
hnizmkn sImpt]mIpIbpw t]cptI henb henb
Bip]{XnIfn hfsc Imew InSp NnInnv amdm
Xmb ITn\tcmK ZnhyssNX\yapXmbn hnNmcnp
Cu Pe]m\w sImv amdnInpsav ]dp ]cpIbpw
sNp-p.''
(AuloZv ]n.A_vZp JmZn auehn Iq t]Pv 115)
C{Xòaamb ssNX\yw Ahbn (Zbnse, InW,
hrw..) \nv]vXamsWn henb acppimeIfpw NnIn
mebfpw AXv`pXIcamb ikv{X{InbIfpw ka
mcmb `njKzcmcpw Fmw {]tbmP\iq\yft (A
tX]pkvXIw t]Pv 115)
In ]nfhf [cnnp Hcmsf \_n(k) Ip
CsXmWv Fv tNmZnp. CXv hmln\v F tcmKs
XSpphm\pXmWv Fv Abm ]dp. Atm Ahn
Spv ]dp AXns\ (]nf hf) amnfbpI. CXv \n\v
_e- lo- \- Xtb h[n- n- p- Itb Dp. CXv [cn- n- cns
\o acnp t]mhpIbmsWn \o hnPbn BhpX.
(AlvaZvapkv\Zv)
Zmlw hnitm sImSpamXftbm
XSnbn adtfm Pn ssiXzm NXntem
tZlw hetm t]cns\ sNmpIn
Xocpw aps in^bmIpw Ftmh
(_-Z ame)
107
_Zco t]cns\HmXptemIv
_Z\n H_mIAWhn Ftmh
(a- me)
Fpw sImSpaanIsmco Zo\n
Chsc hnfnv ZpBs\ Ccn
Atcw Xs in^mIsf InmsX
BbnXn Hcp\pw Ftmh (ame)
an ]ndv lbmmbn \npw \m
a _Znco Imhen tbIv Am
Zw _emDw h_mDw AWbaa
Xcpf _Zvco Imhen GIm
_Zv cofpsS lJpw Pmlpw _Ipw sImv
tcmKia\w {]XonncphcmWv bmYmnIcmb ka
kvXm Ah sNmnmSp ameaueoZpIfn tcmKia
\- n\v aa- d almmtcm- Sp tXw btYjv Sw
ImWmw.
""AXn\m \o Ahs\bmsX Bcm[ncpXv. Ah
t\mSmsX {]mncpXv. Aht\mSmsX klmban
cpXv. \Im\pw XSbm\pw D]Imtcm]{Zh sNm\pw
Ah\msX Bcpan''.
(A Awdp_n Cn_mAv 3647)
""Fm amdmhym[nIpw DS\Sn kn F ]ckyw Iv
hcp hcn \nv e`np t\IsImv B[p\nI
koIcWtfmSv IqSnb Hcmip]{Xn \Spp Fv
tIptm amdm tcmKXs DS\Sn kpJs
Spp henn\v amdp tcmK am\ptmh {]bm
khpw? ]ns Fn\mWv B[p\nI koIcWtmsS
bp Bip]{Xn? Fv Nnnncppshn ]Whpw ka
bhpw em`nmambncpp. \nfpsS XuloZv kpcnXam
mambncpp. (Amlphns Huenbm, IpoXp aZ\n
t]Pv 122)
inn\v êapsmWv kcnbpw Iqcpw hmZn
pXv. aZytkhIv Nne kpJhpw KpWhpw e`npp
tm. hy`nNmcnv kpJw Inpptm FXv t]mse
inn\pw êapsmWv \ymboIcWw. inn\v ê
apv Fv ]dbm acWsh {]m\ tIWw,
Dcw \I- Ww, tcmK- i- a- \- ap- m- - Ww, km- \-
\IWw, ags]nWw, CsXmsbmWv êw AmsX
a{n- q- Xp ]qPmcnp Inn ]Wtam km- nI
t\tam inns êsa.
iplZm Aphn`mKapv
- .u :...i .,,... .. .. .. (, :,. _, .
.. ,,.. ,,,... ,,. .... ,.. - u.
(-.i,. ,._. ,
1. tKv tcmKw aqew acnh, 2. DZc tcmKw aqew acnh,
3. apn acnh, 4. hoSv apXembh hXpw icocn
hoWv NXp acnh , 5. Amlphns amKn [a
ka- c- n c- km- n- I- fm- b- h (k- lolv _pJm-
cn)tKv tcm- Khpw, DZc tcmKhpw sImv acn- - hsc c-
kmnIfpsS KWnemWv Xncp\_n(k) FnbncpXv.
Bhns, ckmnbpsS ]Zhnbnsem kXy
hnizmknv ]nimNv kuIcyw sNpIbn.
apnw ssk\yw XmhfaSnncp Aahmkv F
{Kman AXyp{Kamb Hcp tKv tcmKw ]Sp ]nSnp.
Am- lp- hns ]Xn- \m- bn- c- - W- n\v Huen- bm- tKv
_m[nv acnp hogm XpSn. A_qDss_Z(d)hpw apB
109
Zv(d)hns `mcypw aI\pw tKvtcmKw aqew acnp Xulo
-Zn\v thn t]mcmSnb apXn\mbncw Huenbm tKv
_m[nv acn- p. _nem(- d) AXnsSpw (Po- hn- n- cp
_Zvcofpw Pohn-n-cn-p _Zvcofpw sI. IpoXp
aZ\n t]Pv 117, 118)
tKv t]mse ]Scp tcmK ]nimNn \nmWv
DmIpsXv \_n(k) ]Tnnncpn. Ans\ klm
_n- I a\- n- em- n- bncp- p- sh- n Cv Nne Imp
dpJn Ifpw apw Ah sNbvXXmbn {]amWfn ImWm
\mhpw am{Xa tKv _m[n etv t]mIcpsXpw
Ahn- sS- bp- - h ap e- tpw hc- cp- sX- p- amWv
dkq(-k) \ntinncp-Xv. ]nimNv tKv ]cpsav
Ipsd sImv apv kakvXm {]Ncnnncpp.
Acw hnIehnizmksXnsc Cmln {]m\w
Bibkacw \Snbncpp. Fm AtXhmZw kzem
lnsbt]mephcn \nv tItv hXv \n`mKy
IcwXs. ]nimNv tcmKw DmpIbpw ampIbpw sNp
ambn- cp- p- sh- n ]I tcmK- _m[n ev
t]mIcpsXpw AhnsSbph ap efntev hc
cp- sX- p- ap \ntZiw A_- ambn- tm- hn- t, Zpa{w
\Snbm ]nimNv Cdpambncpsn kqdns\bpw
Dtcybnse Nne PnIsfbpw hngpnb tKv AhnsS
kw`- hn- p- I- t]m- ep- an- m- bncp- p. ]pXnb {]m- \tbm
a{tam NnInm apdItfm aX]cambn Bpw Dmm
AhImian. \qdpIWn\v klm_nIfpsS acWn\v
ImcWamb tKv tcmKw ]nimNv aqeamsWv Ah a\
nempItbm, dpJnb idC D]tbmKnv B tcmKw ian
n- p- Itbm sNbv X- Xmbpw bmsXmcp tcJ- bpan- . kXy
hnizmknbmb Hcm amcIamb tcmKw _m[nv acnm
Abm ckmnsbt]msebmWv. Fn hnizmknv
tcmKapmn a Ahew_nv ckmnbmIm\p
Ah- kcw ]nimNv krjv Sn- ptam? Aq_v \_n(- A)s\
Amlp tcmKw \In ]conpIbpw B ]coWn
Atlw hnP- bn- p- Ibpw sNbvXpshmWv {]am- W-
]dbpXv ]nimNv Aq_v \_nv tcmKw \In F
{]kvXmhw F{X am{Xw _menihpw hnUvVnhpamsWv
a\nem \apv {]amWwaXn
111
Aq_v \_nbpsS tcmKhpw
]nimNv _m[bpw
\psS Zmk\mb Aq_ns\ HmnpI ]nimNv
F\nv AhiXbpw ]oU\hpw G]nncnpp. Fv
Xs cnXmhns\ hnfnv Atlw ]d k`w (kzmZv
41)
Cu Bbn\v Ipn aplZv ]dq \Inb
Ipdnv Cs\ hmbnmw ""Aq_v \_n(A) tcmKfpw
IjvSmSpIfpw aqew ]consp. Atlw Fmw kln
pIbpw, anpIbpw sNbvXp, ]nimNv Cu Ahkcw
icnpw D]- tbm- K- s- Sp- n. Hcp {]hm- N- I\v Hcn- epw
tcmKtam IjvSmSpItfm DmIm ]mSnspw AXn\m
Aq_v hymPhmZnbmsWpw Ah Zpt_m[\w \Sn.
_pan{XmZnI Atlns\Xncmbn Xncnp. CXns\
]nbmWv Atlw AmlpthmSv kSapWnbXv (sN
dnbaphpw Ipn aplZv ]dqcpw FgpXnb hnip
JpB kqW aebmf ]cn`mjbn \nv)
]nimNv tcmKapmn F Hcp kqN\ t]mepw
ChcpsS Ipdnnen. kzmZv 41 s\ Ipdnv Aam\n auehn
Fp]dbpp Fv IqSnt\mmw.
Aq_v \_n(A)s\ ]Xnaqv sImw ]con
sSpIbpmbn Atlns ktlmZcfmb cpt]
cm ASp _pfpw AI _pfpsamw At
ls ssIsmgnp. Cu cpt] Atlns ASp
hpw t]mbpw sImncpp. Hcm aht\mSv ]d
p. Ctlw GsX- nepw Hcp alm- ]m]w sNbv Xn- cn- -
Ww. Asn Cu B ]phnpt]mtIXmbncpp (a
lm-]m]w sNp--hsc ]nimNv inn-p-tam?--te-J-I)
hnhcw Aq_v \_n(- A) Adn- p. Atlw hyk- \nv
{]mnp. Atlw Hcn `mcybpsS ssI]nSnv shfn
bnt]mbn (aehnk\mhiymw) B kv{Xo hcm
sshIn. B Ahkcn `qanbn ImepsIm Amlp
Atln\v hlvbv \In. ImsInbtm Hcp Ddh
s]mn. Atlw AXn \nv Ipfnp Ans\ Atlw
kpJw {]m]n- p- a- S- n. `mcy- hp \_nsb ]n At- l-
tmSv Xs At\zjnp Aq_v \_n(A)s tcmKsa
m- bncpp shv Cu cnhm- b- nepw ]d- bp- n- . GXm-
bmepw Atlns icocnepw kznepw hfsc IjvS
XI _m[nncpp. B]ns ImTn\yw \nanw Xs
\ne ]mSn\p tbmPn Xm h at\mhnImchpw Xn
DmbXns\ kqNnnp sImtm No Imcy ]nim
Npambn _sSpndbmdp ]Xnh\pkcntm Bbn
cnmw. Fs ]nimNp kv]inp Fv Atlw ]d
Xv. AnbmC Cu m\v X\nv IjvSX _m[np
FmWv ]dncnpXv. AmsX ]nimNns Zpt_m
[\v Atlw hiw hZ\mbn Fv CXn\an
(A- am\n auehn, Jp- B hnh- cWw thmfyw 4 t]Pv
2807)km- nI \jv S- n- eq- sStbm ITn- \- amb tcmKw
\Intbm kv \Intbm BtcmKyw \Intbm
Amlp ]co- n- tmw, AN- - e- hnizm- khpw `n-
bpaphsc Amlp Gsd ]conpw. Hmtcm ]coW
nepw hnPbnncp BZi ]nXmhmb C{_mlow \_n(
A)bpsS PohnX hnipnbpw XymKhpw \apv ]mTamWv.
tcmKw im]amtbm inbmtbm, kXyhnizmkn IcpXpI
bn, abpw Xhpepw Dsn tcmKw A\p{Klambn
amdn-tb-pw.
113
""Hcp kXy hnizmknbpsS Imcyw F{X ApXw!
Ahs Imcy apgpsbpw Ah\\p{KlamWv. AXv
kXy-hn-izm-kn--msX asm-cmpw kmy-a-. ktm-
jthfbn Amlphns\ Ah kvXpXnpw km]th
fbn amhew_npw, AXv cpw Ah\vv KpWIcamWv''
(_pJmcn)
ankv A_v _v \pkA- Zv (- d) Xs ]nXm- hn \nv
\nthZ\w sNpp. Rm tNmZnp. ]coWw ITn\amb
h BcmWv \_ntb? \_n(- k) ]d- p. An- bm- ,
]ns AhtcmSv Xpeycmbh, ]ns AhtcmSSph.
Hcp a\pjy Ahs hnizmkns \nehmca\pkcnv
]consSpw. cqVaqeamb hnizmkw Dhv AXn
I- Tn- \- amb ]co- Ww t\cn- tS- n- hcpw tcmK- - fp- m- Ip-
tm atISv Immt\m tcmKtbpw Imemhtbbpw
kabtbpw ]gnmt\m ]mSn. ]conp cnXm
hns\ A[n- t- ]n- p- - Xn- te- mWv AXv sNs- p- I.
Pm_n(d) \nthZ\w \_n(k) ]dp. ""kuJyw \I
s- - h (Zp- \n- bm- hn) ]co- - W- n\v hnt[- b- am- - s- -
hv {]Xnêw \IpXv (Ay\mfn) ImWptm
Cs\ B{Klnpt]mIpw XfpsS icocw apgps Ccp
ns sImfpv sImv Ipf- n- h- en- - s- n- cp- p- sh- n-
sev'' (XnanZn) Bbni(d)hn \nv \_n(k) ]dp
"Hcp apnan\v _m[np GXp A]IShpw ImcWambn
Amlp Ahs ]m]w s]mdpmXncnpIbn. Ahs
Imen Xd- p app- hsc (- an- m ]m]- tam- N\w
e`npw) (_p-Jmcn ap-nw)
AZriy Imcyfpw
Pnpw tPymyhpw
( ... , .. .., .s . , ..,.. .
\_ntb ]dbpI Fs cnXmhv ]cnip\mIp
p. Rm ssZhZqX\mb Hcp a\pjy am{XamIpp. (hn.
Jp.) {]hmNmt]mepw a\pjyIgnhnXoXamb AZriy
Im-cy- Adnbpsap Icp-Xm-h-X-s-pw AZr-iy-Im-cy-
Adnbphm\p Ignhv Amlphn\v am{XamsWpw
{]kvXmhnpp (CkvXnKmksI.]n. 130, 131)
..,., :.
IgnhpI apgph\pw Amlphn\v am{XamIpp (_
Jd 165)
F\nv AZriy Imcy Adnncppshn
Hcp ]mSv \I kmZnpambncpp. Xn Fs _m[n
pIbpanmbncpp. (A-Avdm^v 188)
AmlphmsX BImi `qanIfnephcmcpw AZr
iyImcyw AdnbpIbn. (\wev 65)
Ah Xs AZriy m\w bmsXm- cmpw
shfnsSpnsmSppIbn. Ah Xr]vXns h ZqX
\pamsX (Pnv : 26, 27)
\n XnpXns\]nbpw \nfpsS hoSpIfn
kqnpshpXns\ ]nbpw Rm \nv ]d
dnbnp XcnIbpw sNpw. Xobmbpw AXn \nv
ZrjvSmapv. \n hnizknphcmsWn (Bep
Cw-dm:48, 49)
]dbpI, Amlphns JP\mhpI Fs ]
epsv Rm \ntfmSv ]dbpn. AZriyImcyw Rm
AdnbpIbpan. Rm Hcp aemsWpw \ntfmSv ]d
bpn F\nv t_m[\w \IsXns\bmsX Rm
]npScpn (ABw 50)
115
Rsmcdnhpan. AZriyImcysfmw Adn
bph \oXsbmWv (amCZ :109)
(2:33,259) (3:44,76,179) (5:116) (6:50, 59, 73) (10: 20) (11:31, 49, 69,
70, 77, 81, 123) (12 : 84, 102) (13:9) (16:77) (18 :26) (20 : 67, 68) (23
: 92) (27 : 20, 65) (35 : 38) (59 : 23) (59 : 23) (64 : 18) (72 : 26,
27) XpS- nb kq- AZr- iy- Imcyw Am- lp- hn\v
am{Xta AdnbpIbpq Fv hyampp.
{]m\ Amlphnt\mSv am{Xw FXv t]mse
bp ImcyamWv AZriyImcyw Amlphn\v am{Xta Adnbq
F hnizmkhpw. Am- lp- h- m- - hp {]m\
inmWv. Amlphmh AZriyImcy Adnbp
sa hnizmkhpw in hnizmkw XsbmWv. Pnp
I tPymymv ad Imcy FnpsImSpp
samWv kcn kzemln {]NcnnpXv. JpB\n
t\bpw lZokpIsfbpw \ntj[np Atlns Cu
hnjbnep NnehmZ k{iw hmbnpI.
""ChcpsS (tPymym) {]hN\ ]etmgpw
IrXyambn ]pecmdpsXv sImv apnwIpw Aap
nwIpw Hcpt]mse Zpam {]tem`\n\v Ignhp
hcmWnh (ke^n {]m\w hnai\fpw adp]Snbpw
t]Pv :77)
""tPymy- m Pnp- Isf B{i- bn- p- - Xn- s\- p-
dnpw PnpIfpsS IptIhnsbpdnpap lZoYpI
hni- Zo- I- cn- pI am{X- amWv tUm: kpss_ sNbv X- Xv .
tPymys\ kao]nphcpsS Ign Ime Imcy
AbmfpsS Izco\ns\ D]tbmKsSpn tPymy\v Nne
tm Adnbm IgntpsamWv tUmIvSdpsS {]kw
KnepXv (AtX ]pkvXIw t]Pv 126)
""`mhn {]hNnph Pnpambn _sSpIbpw
Icm- dp- m- p- Ibpw sNbvXv Ign- m Pn- hv `mhn-
bnse NneImecysfpdnv Adnhv \Ipw. (t]Pv 127)
kcn kzemlnbpsS Ip{]knamb IShq {]kwK
]ccbn \nv NneImcy IqSn {inq.
"\n ChnsS \nv Dmfw XfpsS ASpv
t]mbm IShq \nt, \_okbtt]cv \nfpsS
hmms t]cv AlZt, \nfpsS `mhv K^nem
bncpp At, \nv Ctm kpJan At, AhnsS
t]mbnpw ChnsS t]mbnpw amdnbn At, lmDu CXv
tI- tm Rs! Cbm ZnhyXs sItm! Fm
kwKXn CbmfpsS Izco\pw Fs Jco\pw Ctm Fs
PohnXnse Imcysams Adnbmw. XfpsS Izco\pw
Fs Izco\pw Xn _- s- n- mWv Fs Ign
Imes kwKXnsbms ]dbpXv. AsXms tIp
tm Ch `mhn]dbp BfmWv. Rm hnizknv Cbm
]dbpsXms ASnasbt]mse tIpIbmWv. (k
cnbpsS IShq {]kwKn \nv
hopw Ctlw ]dbpp
Hcp s]ns ame- s]m- n- tm- Sp- tm Ah- fpsS
IqsSbp Izco ImWpIbmWv. Ah DWncnpI
t, Cu apym-cpsS, X-fpsS As-n ]Wn-m-cpsS
Izco\pw Cu Izco\pw Xn kw`mjWw \Snbnv Nne
tm htmgpsams km[nsphcmw.
\_ntb ]dbpI, Fs cnXmhv ]cnip\mIp
p. Rm ssZh- Zq- X- \mb Hcp a\p- jy am{X- am- Ip- p.
AlvepkpphPamAns knmhpw CXpXs
bmWv. {]hmNIm t]mepw a\pjy IgnhnXoXamb AZr
117
iy-Im-cy- Adn-bp-sa-v I-cp-Xm-h-X-spw AZr-iy-Im-
cy Adnbphm\p Ignhv Amlphn\v am{XamsWpw
""idD AJmCZn'' {]kvXmhnpp (CkvXnKm\ sI.
]n. t]Pv 130, 131)
Iq Pn sI.F.Fw. sk{Idnbmbncp Dss_
Zpm aZ\n Ccnq cNn XuloZns ]mX F ]pkvX
I-n \nv NneXv ""AZriym\sdnv PnpI
fpsS nXnbpw hyXykvXa'' kpsseam \_nbpsS ac
Ww, Atlw h^mXmbnv \mfpI Gsd ]nntijw
Du hSn NnX Xnv PUw \nev ]Xntm am{X
amWv PnpI (kpsseam \_n(A) acnImcyw) Adn
Xv AZr- iy- m\w Am- lp- h- msX amcpw Adn- bn-
sv JpB ]Tnnpp (XuloZns ]mXDss_Zp
m-a-Z\n t]Pv 27)
Hcp hni- Zo- I- c- W- am- h- iy- an- m hn[w AZr- iy-
Am- lp- hn\v am{Xta Adnbq Fv D]- cn- B- b- p-
I \s ]Tnpp. tPymysctbm Amhtctbm
Cm- cy- n kao- ]n- p- Xv aX- hncp- - amWv (AtX
]pkvXIw t]Pv 28)
Camwdmkn apAvan 92mw hN\s hymJym\np
sImsgpXpp ""AZriyw AdnbpI FXpsImv Am
lp-am{Xw {]tXy-I-am--s-Spp FmWv ChnsS Dt-in-
pXv aph Zriyadnbpsanepw AZriyw AdnbpI
bn. (dmkn: hmfyw23 t]Pv 117)
tPymy- mcpw X- mcpw _ohnamcpw `mhn
Adnbpw ] Ahsc kao-]n--cpXv FmWv k-cn
kzemlnbpsS Xncpshgpv. ]t `mhn Adnbpsa hnizm
kamWv hmkvXhn henb A]ISw.
(,..,..,.,., :.. .. ,: ..,... _,.. . .. ..... ... : .
hh\pw eWw t\mndbphs\ kao]nv
hImcyhpw tNmZnpIbpw Fnv Ah ]dbpXv kXy
amsWv hnizknpIbpw sNbvXm Ahs 40 Znhks
\akvmcw kzoIcnpIbn (apkvenw)
.. : ., ,. . ., ,..., ,....
Amlphns A\paXn {]ImcamsX Hcmpw
Xs AXpsImv Ah D]{ZhwhcpphcXm\pw.
(_- J- d102)
""Bscnepw tPymys\tbmIWpt\mph
s\tbm eWw t\mndbphs\tbm kao]nv Ah
]dbpXv hnizknpIbpw sNbvXm Ah aplZns
ta AhXcnXns\ Ahnizknpp. (AlvaZv)
tPymys\ hnizknpXv dkqens\bpw JpB
\ns\bpw AhnizknemsWmWv Cu lZokv \Ip
]m- Tw.
AZriyw AdnbpI F Amlphns am{Xamb
hnti- jWw CXns ]nn- eqsS krjvSn- Iv hI- shv
sImSppIbmWv. Av Imcyfnte ssK_pp Fm
bncpp kakvXm hmZnncpXv. Cv kcnbmfpw
AtXhmZw Gp]nSnncnpp. \psS Ishnenm
Xv AZr- iy- Im- cy- sav ]d- bm- X- pw ad Imcy- sa-
m Amlp am{X- a- dn- bp Imcy- - fm- sWpw Ch
P]npp. Cukm\_n(A)bpsS Aam\pjnI ZrjvSm
ambn Iptd Imcy BepCwdB\nse 48, 49 hN\
Fn- d- bp- p. P\m AX _m[n- - hv Imgv N
\Im\pw acnhsc Pohnnm\pw Amlphns A\p
hm- Z- tmsS F\nv km[npw Fv Fn- - d- - Iq- -
119
n Atlw ]d Hcp ZrjvSmamWv \n Xnp
Xns\]nbpw \nhoSpIfn kqnpshpXns\
]nbpw Rm \nv ]dpXcmsav AhImis
Xv. Atln\v Cu Imcyfnsemw kzbw Ignhpsv
Hcp apnapw hnizknpn. ]t CXv Amlp Dt
in {]hm- N- I- mv Ah- \p- t- in- p k`- n
\Ip Aam\pjnIamb ZrjvSmamWv. {]hmNImsc
P\ hnizknm thnIqSnbmWv apAvPnkpI
shfnsSppXv. Hcp Znhy\mbn Nabm\. ChnsS a\
ncpt ImcyanXmWv. \mw kqnv Izcocn\pambp
kw`m- jWw aptJ\tbm Pn- hI tPymy- mtm
Xmtm IpdpInsmSptm Ccw Imcy ]d
bm- \m- hn- . ]d- bm- Xm- hp- sa- n Cukm- \- _n- tbmSv Ah- cn-
s\ adp]Sn]dts\ "Hm CXmtWm henbImcyw R
fpsS Iqnep knm CXnt\m henb henb
Imcy ]dbpw Fnm \n \nmcamb Hcp Imcy
hp-ambn hn-cn-p-Xv'. Cukm-\-_n-bpsS kaq-l-n\v
Cu coXnbn {]XnIcnm km[nmXv Pnpw Jco
\pwtPymymcpw Xnep _neqsS `mhnt]mbnv
`qX- h- am\ Imcy- hsc Ahsmpw Adn- bn-
sXv hkvXpXbmWv \_n(k) H cm{XnsImv akvPn
Zp ldan \nv akvPnZp AJvkmbntev \nimbm{X
\S- n- bXv kqd: C{kmAv 1mw hN- \- n- eqsS Amlp
\s ]Tnnp. Cu bm{X Hcp apAvPnkmWv. Cu hm
tI apivcnpIfpw ap\m^nJpIfpw apnwIsf IWv
]cn-l-knp Nncn-p. P\-n-S-bn Gsd tImfn-fw
krjvSn kw`hambncpp CkvdmAv apivcnpI \_n(
k)sb ]co- n- m sa\- sp ""ss_p apJ- kv
t\cn In- cp- - h- cpsS apn shv B]- nsb ]n
dkq (k) IrXyambn adp]Sn]dp. \_n(k)bpsS hnh
cWw Xopw icnbmsWv Ahv t_m[ysp. ]t
Fnpw hizknm kcmhm B Iq dkqen
t\mSv Cs\tNmZnp. Hcp hI kwLw imantev
t]mbnptm AhcpsS ham\sav? B kwLn
C{X BfpIfpv. C{X HIapv CZnhkw Xncnphcpw
Fsms dkq(k) IrXyambn {]XnhNnp. AXpt]mse
kw`hnp''. (Aam\n auehnbpsS JpB hnhcWn
\nv hmfyw 3 t]Pv 1787)
ss_p apJnknse \nimbm{Xbpw imantev
t]mb hI kwL- ns hnti- j- Whpw dkq(- k)
hnhcn- p- Xv apAv Pnkv sImv am{X- am- Wv . hfsc
s]sv Pa\nbn \nv PnpIv acppsImph
cm\pw a\pjys\ Npav ]dm\pw km[npsan CXn
sems FXamWpsXv \_n(k)tbmSv adp]Sn]
dbpambncpp. H cm{XnbpsS A]kabw sIm a
bn \nv êkvXo\nse akvPnZp AJvkmbntev cm{]
bm- Ww.
a\p- jy- I- gn- hn- \- Xo- X- amb Imcy- \_n(- k)
sNbv Xn- cp- Xv apAv Pnk- n- eq- sS- bm- Wv . apAv Pnkv
kzX{ambn Cjv Swt]mse sNm- hp Hcp Ign- h- .
Amlp Dtinptm Ah\ptinp {]hmNImpsS
ssIbneqsS shfnhmp Aam\pjnIamb ApXamWv
apAvPnks hkvXpXsb adpshv sImmWv ka
kv X- m P\- sf hn- p- - Xv . Fnepw a\pjy
Ignhn\Xm-X-amb Imcy- Am-lp-hn \nv am{Xsa
DmIq F hnizmkw apPmlnZpIfpsS hnizmkamsW
v kakvXmpw \mbn Adnbmw.
121
tPymymcpsS {]hN\w:
hkvXpXsbv
""Bbni(d)hn \nv. Ah XncpZqXtcmSv tPymy
msc kw_- nv tNmZn- p. dkq ]dp Ah Hcp
Npp- a- . Atm Bbn- j(- d) ]d- p. Ah ]d- bp
Imcyfn NneXv kXyambn]pecmdptm {]hmNI
]dp. AXv Pnv IptIpXpw Xs an{Xv
sNhnbn IpdpInsmSppXpamb Nne \pdppI am{X
amWv. ]t AhcXn \qdv \pWI tNn ]dbpw''
(klo-lp _pJmcn)
tPymymv `mhnbpw AZriyhpw ]dbm Ign
hpsv hcpn Xom\pw Ahv IrXyambn {]hNn
m\mhpsav ]dbm\pw \psS t]cpam{Xa AhntSv
t]mbXns Dtyiyw t]mepw ]dbm\psams Ignbpsav
m]n- m Ccw lZo- kp- I- fmWv k- cn- bm-
DbnnSnmdpXv. CXpt]mep Nne lZokpIfpw
thsdbpw ImWm- sa- nepw Ch ]d- bp- - Xv t]m- sebp
tPymy- mv { ]h- Nn - mt\m Pn p - Iv Iv
tImt\m Ignbpsav Hcp -lZoknepw kqNnnpn
. Hv Inpw \qdv IqpsamWv lZokv `mjyw. sImnbm
\p- IsfsImv Ah Fdn - b- s- Spw. A\p- am- \-
bmYmy-hp-ambn Nne-tm tbmPnp hcn-I-am-{X-am-Wv.
AXn\m AZriyadnbphsctm `mhn {]hNnm Ign
bphsctm Ccmsc ]n ]dbmhX. kemlnbpw
Soapw Cu hnjbnepw AXncpIhnp. ]nimNnsbpw
tPymymcpsS Ignhns\bpw ]XoIcnp. Atlw ]d
bpXv kXyhpw AkXyhpw IqntNpsImp AXn
i- tbm- n- I- fm- Wv.
""GsX- nepw Hcp ]nim- Nns\ {]tXyIw tkhn- n-
s-n IqSn ad--Imcyw KWnpw {]iv\w t\mnbpw
]dbp Imcyn ss]imNnI klmbwInpw'' (Cmln
{]m\w hnai\fpw adp]Snbpw t]Pv 134)
""Xaqew ap- - h- dn- bm {]bm- k- ap ]e
Adnhpw Ccw tPmenbn GsSphv e`npIbpw
sNpw. CXn bmsXmcp AkmwKXyhpw CXs. ]nim
Nns\ {]tXyIw ]qPbpw apIfpw \Sn tkhnp
- hv Ahs tk e`n- p- - Xn Akmw- K- Xy- an- .
Fm Ccm ]dbpXv icntbm sXtm FX
{]iv \w. Ah- cpsSbSp- t]mImtam Ah ]d- bp- Xv
hnizknmtam FXmWv CsXmw Cmw Ii\ambn
\ntcm[nncnpp. (AtX]pkvXIw t]Pv 134) ""`mhn {]h
Nnph Pnpambn _sSpIbpw IcmdpmpIbpw
sNbv Xm Pn- hv `mhnse Nne Imcy- - sf- p- dnv
Adnhv \Ipw (t]Pv127) Cu hnjbhpambn ImSpIbdp
kzemln IS- h- q {]kw- K- n IS- h- qcn\nt
\_o- k- bt Fsms ]dv hmbn h- sXmw
tImXv ]mv FamXncn ASnm\ clnXambn {]amW
hncpambn kwkmcnp. tPymymcpsS {]hN\mh
FmWv ? Ah Hcp Nppw Npm- p- a- . ""aSn- b- \mWv
tPymy- \m- Ip- - sX'' Atd- _y ]g- samgn F{X
Aw. ssIt\mnbpw apJeWw t\mnbpw ap
hcpsS `mhn ]dbm\mhpsahImisSp Cu hKw
kXyn XfpsS `mhnp XppIfmWv XpXv. Htc
kabw P\fpsS Bibpw Ioibpw Ihcp \pWbmcm
Wn-h. sIm-v apv ae-pdw Pn-bnse ]qn--d-
nshv \ndsb bm{Xmcp Hcp _v Inmem
123
bn. shvacnhcn {]apJ\mb Hcp tPymy\pw Dm
bncpp. Xsbpw injysbpw Poh IcnpIf _v
Zpcw Abmv Adn- bm- am- b- ncp- s- n Abm B
_n Ibdpambncpn. s]cpa Zpchpw ISepn
s{Sbn A]- I- Shpw Csm- t\- jy- bnse kp\m- anbpw
temIs BbncWn\v tPymXnjnamcn Hcmsfnepw
{]hNnnptm? kmam\y hnhcw t]mepanm jWvU
mcmWv BIpnse `qcn`mKhpsav AhscIpdnp
At\zjWw \s t_m[ysSppw. 1982 s^{_phcn amXr
`qan BgvN]Xnn tPymXnjw imkv{XamsWv kanv
{]^:tPmk^v FgpXnb teJ- \- n Cy- bnse cv
{]ikvX tPymXnjnIfpsS {]hN\w s]ntmf hm
bmbn {]knoIcnncpp. ASpvXs Hcp temIalm
bpw \Spw. aqv hjw \op\npw Cymc\mb
BobmNmcys CSs]S aqew bpw Ahkm\npw.
1984 ]mnm\n _wmtZiv Fo cmPy temIv
Dmhn cmPohvKmntbm IqSpXembn ta\I Kmn
cmjv{Sobn tim`npw s\lvdpIpSpw_w Cu \qmv
apgph `cnpw Cu ]d Imcysfmpw kw`hnnn
. AtacnbpsS cmjv{Sobspdnv ]e {]hN\fpw
\Snpv Ahbn NneXv XmsgsImSpmw.
slhmUv s_ {]knUmIpw
Im {]knUv acn \nv ]nmdpw, C
enbpw hn-m\pw Xn bpw \S-pw. t]mv ]em-
b\w sNpw. Hcp {Kln apv \in Hcp \mKcnIX
bpsS AhinjvS imkvXc Ispw. KpcpXzm
Ij- Ws adn- I- S- m- \p b{w Ip- ]n- Sn- pw. Ch-
bn Hp- t]mepw Cpw ]pen- n- . F. kp- c- cm- P-
s\ {]ivX tPymXnjn tkmWnbmKmn DS {][m\a
{nbmIpsav {]hNnncpp. hfsc BIkvanIambnmbn
cpp tZh- KuU {][m- \- a- {nbmbXv AXv {]h- Nn- m
temI- smcp tPymXn- jnpw Ign- n- . BI- kv an- Itam
AmsXtbm kw`hnp Htsd {][m\ kw`h {]h
Nnm tPymXnjnIv Ignbmdn. Chsb ]nhnZqcamb
kqN\t]mepw \IpXn Ah ]cmPbsSmdmWv ]Xn
hv. `qcn`mKw P\pap Ahnizmkhpw anYym[mc
W- bp- amWv tPymXn- jn- I- fpsS aqe- [- \w. Ah- cpsS {]h- N-
\fn 90% hpw ]pe- cm- - h- bm- Wv . P\- - fpsS adhn
Ahp henb A\p{KlhpamWv (#m[p\nI Ahn
izm-k-- F.-Fw. lpssk) 10 iX-am\w {]h-N\w
]pecppv Fv [cntcpXv. GXv a_pnbpw ]d
m ên- p- t]m- Ip- - XmtWm {]h- N\w. \mbsb
Fdnv sImn\psImXv t]mse, Nbntm apb
ens\ Inn- bXv t]mep kwKXn am{X- amWv tPymXn- j-
m AhImisSp kXy.
KqV- hnZybpw Zp_e a\ns Nn- hp- amWv
tPymXnjw hnthIm tPymXnimkv{Xnse AKWn
Xw, tcJm-K-WnXw _oP-K-WnXw apX-emb KWn-X-`m-K--
sfmw icnbmbnpXmWv. ê `mKw apgph iptahymP
am-Wv (Z-bm-\ kc-kz-Xn-kXym {]Imiw t]Pv 62,
63)
""IpnbpsS amXm]nXm tPymyt\mSv tNmZnp
p, Chs PmXIw \XpXsbt? Ipns P{K
lhpw an{X{Klhpw ip`fmIpp. Ipn henb [\nIhpw
Ionam\pamIpw. \ BtcmKyhm\mbncnpw. cmPm
mIqSn Chs\ _lpam\npw. A\am ]dbpw Av
125
\ tPymycmWv Fm CXvsImsmpw XsImcyw
km[npIbnsv tPymy\dnbmw. tPymy]ns]
dbpp. {Klsfmw A\pIqewXs ]t ip`{Kl
{Iqc{KltfmSv IqntmWncnpXv. AXn\m
Fmw hbn Ipnv arXyptbmKapmIpw. CXv tIv
A- \- - am- cpsS B\w Zp:Jw IS- p- h- cpw. tPymytc!
R Fv sNWw? Pyy DSs\ ]dbpw #vXn\v ]cn
lmcw sNWw'' Zm\w sNWw {_mWsc DuWw {Kl
im- n- p a{- \S- - Ww. Fn {Kl- n- g- Xo- cp-
sav A\pam\npw. tPymy ap IcpXtemsSbmWv
A\pam\sav ]dXv. Ipnacnm tPymy ]dbpw
Cuizc\p]cn Bcpan. \ {]bXv\np ]t Iaêw
As\bmWv. Pohnsn ]dbpw RfpsS a{fp
sSbpw R D]hknp tZhmcpsSbpw {_mlvaW
cpsSbpw in F{X hepXmWv! \nfpsS Ipnsb cnv
Xnt! hmkv X- h- n P]w sImv ê- sam- p- ap- n-
s-n B [q-m-cpsS In\nv Ahv sImSp-
Xn ctm aqtm Ccn]Ww aSn hmtXmWv.
IpnPohnncnpXmbmepw As\Xs Fsm
Ahs Ia]eamWv. Cuizc \nbas ewLnphm
Bpw inbn. Ahs Iaêhpw Cuizcs \nb
ahpamWv. Ahs\ cnXv \nfpsS {]hrnb. Fv
{Kl\mY\v AbmtfmSv ]dbmw (kXym {]Imiw, t]Pv
63, 64)
IqSpX Adnbm tPymXnjw imkv{Xa Ahn
izmkhpw ]\pWbpamsWv hkvXp\njvTambn hniZo
Icnp Dkvam ]memgnbpsS "tPymXnjw imkv{Xtam
Ahnizmktam FIrXn hmbnpI.
"" Amlphn\p in ap hkvXpfn Btcm
]npsImv AhtbmSv hnfnnphm\pw Ahsb Bcm
[n- p- hm\pw XpS- p Hcp- hs inv Fm- hpw
Ffpw IdnbphmXhn[wXSn cq]apXmWv. iIp
\w, tPymyw apXemb Imcysf kw_np inv
A{]ImcapX. AXp{ItaW qeamb inn\v CS
bm- p t\cnb cq]- n- ep- - Xm- Ip- p. Hcp hn[- n
t\mptm Cu kqvaamb inJns\bmWv \mw IqSp
X `bstSnbncnpXv. Fsm XSn inv,
in m- sW- p - ]- dp a\- n - emn Bfp - Isf
AXn\npw ]nncn- n- p- hm Ffp- - am- Wv . t\cnb
inmIs inmsWv BfpIsf ]dpa\nemp
- Xn\v {]bm- k- ap- Xpw {]tb- W- _p- n- imen- I F- dn-
b-s-Sp--h-cn ]eXpw Ffp--n sNp NmSn-tm-Ip-
Xpamb HmIpp (AuloZv. ]n.A_vZp JmZn aue
hn--I-q t]Pv 156)
almmv ad Imcyfdnbm IgnbpsasX
nmcW inns apgph C\fnepw kzm[o\w sNep
p Hcp LSIamWv. ImcWw B Ignhv Cemlns \n_
KpWfnsemmWv. AXpsImv Amlphnt\mSv Bsc
sbmw ]ptNpptm Ahsmw ad Imcya
dnbpI F Ignhv hIshpsImSptXpv. (Cmans
ASnd XulmZvsI.IpoXp aZ\nt]Pv 118)
inns\mw t{]cIambn hnpXv Ahv
ad Imcyfdnbphm Ignbpsa Ahnizmkw am{X
am-Wv. inv sNp--h Cu A-hn-izm-k-n tamNn-
X\mIp \nanjw Xs inn \nsmw Ah hnc
anpIbmbn. (AtX ]pkvXIw t]Pv 119)
127
Cemlv Amlpam{XamWv Fv Bhnpdn
p JpB AtXkzcn Xs AZriyImcyadnbp
h\pw Ah am{XamsW ]camw Bhnpdn
pp (t]-Pv-119)
bqk^v \_n(A)s\ Xs a sImpt]mIp
-Xns ]nse ZpjvS-emv bAv-Iq_v \_n(-A) F
]nXmhn\dnhpmbn. XpSpmb Hcp kw`hhpw Adn
bm- \m- bn- .
bAvJq_v \_n(A) {]hmNI\mbnpw hlvbneqsS
bqk^v \_nbpsS Xntcm[m\ kw`h Amlp Adn
bnmXn\m Atln\v Gsd Zp:JntnhcnIbpw
Iv shfppt]mIm\nSbmhpIbpw sNbvXp. Jco\pw Pnp
Ifpw kw`mjWw \Snad Imcyadnbm\mhpsa hmZ
ns s]mcw ChnsS hyamIpp.
kpsseam \_n(A)\v [mcmfw PnpIsf Iogvs
Sp- n- sm- Sp- n- cp- p. k_- Cse P\- - fpsS nXnbpw
_nJokv cmnbpsS IYbpw kpsseam \_nsb [cn
n- Xv ac- sm- n- bmbn- cp- p. ac- sm- n- bpsS Ign- sh-
s\ kpsseam \_nbpsS apAvPnkmhpI F Ipcp
ptNmZyw Bcpw DbnXmbdnbn.
ad Imcyadnbph FXv Cemlmb Am
lp- hn\v am{X- ap KpW- am- Wv. krjvSn- I- fn- sempw B
Ignhv \Inbnn. (Ckvemans ASnd XuloZv sI.
IpoXpaZ\n t]Pv 122)
\_n(- k)v Hcp PqXkv {Xo amwk- n hnjw
Ien Atln\v km\np. AXv Ignncp Hcp
kzlm_n XWw arXyp hcnp. dkqen\v hlvbv h
Xn\m A]ISanmsX csp. Atlw hmbn h
amwkamWv XpnfXv. Xm Hcp I {]hmNI\m
sW- n \n- fpsS ieyw Xoc- Ww. As- n Xmsf
\mY cnpw Fmbncpp PqX kv{Xo A\cw dkq
ent\mSv ]dncpXv. PqX kv{Xo hnjw ]pcnb Imcyw
dkqens\bpw aphscbpw kw_nv adImcyamWv.
krjvSn- Impw \Im Imcy- mWv ad
Imcysav ]dbpI Fv kemlnbpsS hmZw F{Xam{Xw
A]ISamWv. PnpIfnepw aepIfnepw s] Nnescnepw
B s]v \Snb ZpjvS sNbvXnI ImWm\nSbpmhp
atm. krjvSnImpw \Im Ignhv F \nh
N\w ad Imcyv ]dbmhX. Fs a\nepXv
F\n- - dnbmw. AXv ampw Adn- bn- . Am- lp- hn\v
am{Xta Adnbq. Jnf \_nbpw aqkm \_nbpw \Snb
bm{X- bnse aqv kw`- h- - fpsS B- cn- Imhpw \nP-
n-Xnbpw Jnf \_n--dn-bp-p aqkm-\-_n--dn-bp-n-.
AXpw AZriyIcamWv.
apivcnIpIfn Nne hv JpB\pw Zo\pw ]Tnn
m Ipdv JmcnDIsf AbvXcmsav \_n(k)tbmSv
Bhiysp. dkq Hpw inmsX AhcpsS IqsS Jp
B a\:]mTap FgpXn ]cw ]nXsc AbpsIm
Spp. ]s Ahsc HSw apivcnpI hIhcpn.
Cs\ NXnpsImm apivcnpI KqVmtemN\ \S
n- bn- cn- p- a- tm. Jco- \p- I- fmb kn- kw- `m- j- Wtam
sImsnpsImSppItbm ChnsS Dmbn. thWsa
n Cs\ kam[m\w ]dbmw. ]nimNv ]qPIscbmWv
]nimNv klmbn- pI Fv . s#m Pnv hK- n
apnwIfpw Dmhpatm Ahscmpw Cu KqVmtemN\
Adnn. dkqens\ Adnbnn.
129
dkqens\ sImmthn hoSv hfhv kqcy
\pZntmgmWv Aafn a\nembXv AhnsS InSpdp
Xv Aen- bm- sW- v . In- se- - sbm- gnv dkqens\
sImm Ahkcw Imp\nhcpsS CSbneqsS dkqen\v
csSm\mbXv Amlphns A]mcamb A\p{Knem
Wv. dkq ISpIfbptm Fv ]nimNn\v ]dpsIm
Spm\mbn. kuKplbn Hfnncnpp Fv ]dv
sImSpm\pambn.
_\q- apkv Z- eJv bp- th- f- bn alXn Bbn- j(- d)
hns ame \jvSsp. AXpambn _v Nne A]hmZ
fpw {]Ncnp. Cu AZriyImcysfmpw {]hmNIcpw
klm_nIfpaSnb kaqln\v Adnncpn. hlvbn
eqsSbmWv kXym- h t_m[y- s- - Xv . _Zbp- - n
cv _memcmWv X{]cambn A_qPlens IY Ign
Xv. C_v eokns IqpImc\mb A_qPmlnen\v ]nimNv
Hpw ]dvsImSpn. klmbnn. ad Imcyadn
bph Amlpam{XamWv FmWv aplZv \_n(k)v
Cds JpB\nepXv. AXn\m hnizmkanmh
\mWv ad Imcyadnbm\mbn tPmys\ kao]np
Xv( Cm-ans ASn-d XuloZv t]Pv-123)
PnpIqSn _ohnam, ainbnpt\mp Xm
\jvS-s B`-c-W- Ip-]n-Sn--\n-cn-p Xkam-
ns tPmenm. cminshv ]dbp ]Wnm, hmsf
Spv Xpp shfnmSpam, IhSn\ncndbp \q
Xn- cn- am XpS- nbh Cu KW- ns]- Sp- p. As\
AmlpAmsX BImi `qanIfnep Hcp Ipnbpw ad
-Im-cy-a-dn-bp-I-bn- Fv {]Jym-]n-p Jp-B-\ns
BfpIv ad Imcyw ]dpsImSppsImv Ch
scmw D]Poh\w Ignphcpp. AXphgn Ah emCu
eml Cmlv F i_vZw sNmndbpIbpw AXns
Bibw XnfbpIbpw sNbvXncnpIbmWv. AZriy
Imcyfdnbph FXv GI Cemlmb temIcn
Xmhnp am{Xamb hntijWamWv (AtX ]pkvXIw t]Pn
123)
adImcyadnbm\mbn Xnkvamns aptbbpw
Pnv IqSn _ohnsbbpw hensv shfnsSp {`mt\bpw
kao]nphcpw Ahsc Cu hntijWn Amlp
hns ]pIm- cm- p- p. AXm- Is Amlp Hcn- epw
s]mdpm inmsW Imcyw XobpamWtm (t]
Pv123,124)
Hcm`cWw Ifhv t]mbncnpp. honse them
cnsb kwibnpp. k kmayhpap]tbmKnv Imcy
Im- cW _- - fpsS ASn- m- \- n At\zjn- - Ww.
Fnpw Is\ Innbnsn AmlpthmSv {]mn
pItb \nhrnbpp. \n AkvamAv Xkamns
]Wn- msc kao- ]n- p- p- sh- ntem? AhtNm- Zn- pw
\nv km[\w Inbm aXntbm AtXm Bsf IqSn
AdntbXptm? km[\w Innbm aXn. Abhmkn
bmbn ]nW- t- - Xn- tm Fn Cu \dp- p- sImv
t]mbn ]pghn ]qgvnshpI. \dpv ]qgvnb hnhcw
Ab]v ]cptm B`cWsaSpXv Hcp A
hnizmknbmWv -Fn AXv \nfpsS apsnsbp
h- cmw. ]s \jvS- s B`- cWw Xncn- p- In- p- tmtgv
\nv Innbncp XuloZv \jvSsncnpw. ImcWw
ad Imcyfdnbph Amlp am{XamsWv hniz
kn - t \n B hn iz mkn Akv am- Av
131
Xkamns hnZysb Asn lZpmcs\qSn ]
ptNp Ignp. (Ckvemans ASnd XuloZv sI.
IpoXp aZ\n t]Pv 134)
Xmpw ]Wnpw ad Imcyfdnbpw
]s t]mh- cp- sX- mWv k- cn kzemln ]d- bp- - Xv.
Cu hmZn\v bmsXmcp ASnm\hpan.
Ckv ans ]Wn- t]m- ep p{- ]- Wn- I Fn\v
sNpp Fv kakvXmtcmSv tNmZnm Ah ]dbpw
Asn Juw ]WnamcpsS ASptv t]mhpw Fv.
CtX tNmZyw Pnndp ke^nIfmsWv ]dbp Nne
CdepImtcmSv tNmZnm Ahcpw ]dbpXv Asn
apnbm- - m- cpsS ASp- ttm X- m- cpsS ASp-
ttm t]mIpsamWv. in tI{fn t]mImsX
CmanI NnIn XcsSppIbmWv RsfmWv Ch
cpsS ]cky hN\w. ad Imcyw tPmy\pw apw {]hNn
m\mhpsav ]dbpXns ]nnep kcnbmfpsS
KqV- e- y- sa- m- Wmthm...
]nimNns Ignhpw inbpw ApXhpw hnhcnv
kpsse-am \_n(-A)\v ]nim-Np- sNbvXp sImSp
`mctadnb tPmensbpdnsmw hniZoIcn tijw aq
cpsS kaamb Hcp tNmZyapv. ]nimNns Ignsh
s\bm kpsseam \_nbpsS apAvPnkmIpXv -Fv
Ddp-ns kwkm-chpw ac-sm-n-bpsS kwkm-chpw a\-
n- em- n- bXpw apAv Pnkv sImm- Wv . ]nim- Nns\
ampw kpssea \_n(A)\v IogvsSpnbXv t]mse
hgnsSpnbnn. A\pPnsb ImWnv tPyjvSnsb
sIn- pXv t]mep Hcp X{- amWv kemln ChnsS
]bm {ianXv.
]nimNv ]qPIsc ]nimNv klmbnpsav m]n
m\mWv kpsseam \_nbpsS IY kzemln ]dbpXv.
kpsseam \_nbpsS Ncn{Xw t\sc XncnmWv. kpsse
am \_n(A) ]nimNv ]qPI\. ]nimNns\ Xr]vXnsSp
p Hcp Imcyhpw sNbv Xn- pan. ASn- asb t]mse
Amlp kpsseam \_nv ]nim- Nns\ Iogv s- Spn
FXv XsbmWv ApXw. CXv apAvPnkmWv. km[m
cW Hcp a\p-jy\pw Ign-bm--Xm-Wv. Pnp-Iv F{X-
Xs Ignhv Dmbnpw Imcyan. AhcpsS klmbw \apv
Inm kmyXbn.
a\pjy Ignhn\v ]pdabp Kbv_mb m\w Am
lphn am{Xw ]cnanXamIpp. (A a\m 1985 G{]n)
acnpt]mb _Zvcov ad Imcyfdnbm
Ign- bp- sav sXn- - cnp sImmWv Ch Cu inp-
Isfmw AhcpsS t]cn shp ]pepXv. Fm
adImcyadnbph FXv temIcnXmhmb Am
lphn\v am{Xap hntijWamWv. apIzd_mb aentm
aAvkqamb {]hmNIt\m B hntijW ]n. (Po
hnncp _Zvcofpw Pohnncp _Zvcofpw t]Pv17)
amcpw Amlp AdnbnpsImSpmemsX AZr
iyImcy AdnbpIbn. (^Xvl Aeow 2/835)
adImcy Amlphn\v am{Xa krjvSnIfn
empw Adnbnsv hyamWv. Amlphns CjvSZm
k- m- cmb An- bm- p- t]mepw Ah- cp- t- in- p- tm
ad Imcyfdnbnspw hlvbpeqsS Amlp Adnbn
mte Ahpt]mepw AdnbpIbppshpw {]kvXpX
hN- \- hy- am- Ip- p. (a- lm- m- fpw ad- - Im- cy-
fpw im^n kzemln t]Pv-6)
133
Cs\ \_n(k) [mcmfw {]bmk Gtn
hsXmw ad Imcy- - f- dn- bm- - Xp- sIm- m- bncp-
tm? Nne k`fn \_n(k) adImcy ]d
Xv hlvbneqsS Adnbnv sImSppXv am{XamWv. (^
Xvlpdm sI.hn. aplZv apym Iq\mSv t]Pv334/335)
Cpw Pohn- n- cn- p Cukm \_n(- A) Cu
temIv \S- p kw`- h- - sfmpw Adn- bpn- . amC-
Zbnse 116mw hN\w AXmWv hyampXv. Kplmhm
kn- IfpsS kw`- hhpw Dssk \_n(- k) \qdv hjw acn-
n tijw hopw ]p\P\nnXpw Xm F{X Imew
Pohn- n- cp- p- shtm Xs Nppw Fsms am- ap- m-
sbtm Atln\dnb. Cs\ F{Xsbs{X kw`h
.
s]cnq aJv_dbn \nv AXn\mbncw cq]
Ifhv t]mbn. (1996 P\phcn 16 sNmmgvN N{nI) Iq
knnbn I Ibdn Ccp]nAmbncw ]Ww `m
c-n \npw A]-l-cn-p. (a-t\m-ca 97 amv 4) 1990-91
Imefnse ]p ]nkmnI {IatSv kn._n.
sF. At\zjWn\v ip]mi sNbvXp (N{nI 97 amv
18) kam\amb [mcmfw Ifhv tIkpIfpw hn{Kl tamj
Whpw ]{Xfn \nccw hmbmImdpv. ]maccmb
P\- hXpw \jv S- s- m e`n- p- sav {]Xo- nv
t]mIp tI{fn Xs \Sp Ifhv sXfnbnm
t]meoknt\bpw apkwhn[m\tfbpamWv kao]nmdp
- Xv. ]s kzemln ]d- bp- tXm IS- h- qcv \nt
\ôkbt Fsms Ctmv Dm- fs ]cn- Ian
]dbpsav. ame \jvSsm Xtm ]Wntm
]dbm\pw Ignbpsav kzXth Zp_e t]mcmXn\v K`n
Wnbpw FXv t]msebp AhbmWv ZKIfpsSbpw
apw IY. Fnpw CXnlmk IYIv bmsXmcp amhp
an. dndnt\bpw hoct\bpw tim`cmPnt\bpw N{kzm
an- tbbpw _nem- Z- t\bpw ]nSn- m klmbn- Xv GsX-
nepw Xtfm ]Wn- tcm ZKtbm Xom- S\ tI{-
tfm As ImcywIqSn kcnm \Xv t]mse
a-\-n-em-s.
AtXpdnv \apv t_m[apv. Fm `mhntbm
AXp \psS Inen. AdnpIqSm `mhnsbpdnv \apv
`bw th. Bith ImcWw `qXhpw ham\hpw
`mhnbpw {kjvSmhmb Amlphnes{X. Ah \psS
\mY. cnXmhv Fmw Xcpp. Fn Ahs\ `ctan
Ww. CXmWv ssZh hnizkns inbpw kam[m\
hpw. Fmw Amlphns In `mhnbdnbph Ah
am{Xw. kzmanbpw Xfpw _ohnbpw kn\pw apw `mhn
{]hN\adnbpsa hmZhpambn DucpNppp. cmjv{Som
cpsS `mhnb{Xbpw AhcpsS InemWv FmWv AhIm
ihmZw. Ahsm\pw `mhnbdnbptam? Fn Ah
\msf kp\man hcpsav ]dbnmbncptm? C, AZriyw
Ah- dnbn- . BImi `qan- bnse AZriyw Am- lp- h-
msX Bcpadnbn. (27:65)
km[m- cW a\p- jy- cmbn P\nv A- bmbpw D-
bmbpw `Khm\mbpw henmbpw _mhbmbpw _ohnbmbpw
]cnWanv NqjIcmIpp. BssZhfmbn efpw
tImSnIfpw XnsbSppp. Cu ]Wnn CS\nem
cmhph Chsc ]n sIpIYI {]Ncnnpp. P\w
]Ww hmcnsbdnbpp.
135
Cu {]]s apgph \nb{npXv ]Sh
\m-Wv. Bpw AXn Hcp ]p-an-. Ah-\-dn-bm-sXm-cn-
ebpw s]mgn- bn- . Ahs \- h- cmb ASn- a- Iv Ah-
s\pw kwcWw \Ipw. tcmKw, Zp:Jw, ZpcnXw, A]
ISw, \jvSw Fmn\pw ]ctemIv {]Xnêw. Fnpw
CXnsempw hnizknmsX `mhn]dbpsav Iw ]dbp
- hp- ap- n ssI \on- sm- Sp- p. P\- - fpsS `bw
Ah NqjWw sNpp. Cu {]]s apgph ]Sp
]cn]menphs\ Xn ISnbn shdpw \nev
N{aw ]Snncnp km[phmb ssIt\mmc \apv
tImSn- I hmKv Zm\w \Ip- p. AXv tIv Xe- bm- p- -
hscpdnsp ]dbpp. aplZv\_n(k) Acpfn. tPymXn
j- m- c\pw ssIt\m- - m- c\pw ]d- bp- Xv kXy- s- Sp- n-
bm Ahs \m]Xp Znhks \akvImcw kzoIcn
sSn. Abm ]dXv hnizknmtem Ah JpB
Xs \ntj- [n- - h- \m- Wv . Fn- \n- s\ sN- Ww?
Ahpw `mhnbdnb. Adnbpambncppshn Ahsc
nepw csSpambncpp. (ISM P\-ap-tw 2011 G{]n
15 sabv 31 t]Pv 10,11 eLp-te-J-bn \nv)
CXn- t\m- sSmw tNp- hmbn- t Nne Imcy-
fpw IqSn ]dbs Hcn kmbn_mhsb sImm ]p
]nbn shv kzw AwKcIcn Nne {ianp.
_mh _mdqan HmSnsbmfnp. Xs kwcnphm
_lfw sImSpp. \nban AwKcIcpsS a\nencnpw
KqV{iahpw Xncndnbm ssZhw Nabp _mhbvmbn
. {io.{io chnidn\v t\sc _mwqcn shv Hcm
X shSnDXnp. Imdns\ Ih- N- am- n- b- Xn- \m chn- i-
csp. Iphmfnsb ]nSnIqSm tIkv t]meokns\
Gnp.hnm\n ammbvpt\scbpw kam\amb
B{IaWw \Sp. IqsSbphcpsS AhktcmNnXamb CS
s]ShpsImv am{Xw Ctlhpw Bbpns _ew sImv
c- s- p. BssZ- h- pw ]ptcm- ln- Xampw
`mhntbm ad Imcytfm Hpw AdnbpIbnsv Ccw
kw`h- - fn \ns- nepw _pn- bp- - h a\- n- em- t-
XmWv. ]nimNv Ccw Ln t]mepw Xs ]qPn
phsc adImcyw AdnbnpsImSpv klmbnnn.
]nimNv adImcyw Adnbnphm Ch ]dbp
Xvt]mse km[npsan Xobmbpw ]nimNv klm
bn- p- ambn- cp- n- t?.
137
]nimNv Zp_e
(hn.-Jp.) ..,... .s .u,... ,,s
\n- bambpw ]nim- Nns NXn Zp_- e- a- s{X.
C_v eokv Hcp AP- - \mtWm? Hcn - ep - an - .
Bmcpw`- cp- amb ssZh- Zm- k- mv Ahs\
aebSnm Ignbpw. Fs \njvIf ASnaIsf Xs
he- bn s]Sp- m Ign- bp- - X- Fv Am- lp- Xs
hyampIbmWv. kXyhnizmkw ssIsmpIbpw X
fpsS cn- Xm- hns ta Imcy- `c- tan- p- Ibpw
sNp--h-cpsS ta C_veo-knp bmsXm-cm-[n-]-Xy-hp-an-
. Ahs\ kwc- - I- \m- p- Ibpw Am- lp- hn- t\mSv ]p-
tNpIbpw sNphcpsS taemWv Ahs B[n]Xyw
-Fv IqSpX hyambn kqd\lv 99,100 hnhcnp
p-v. (sI.-hn. apl-Zv apym Iq-\mSv VOL-3 t]Pv-
197)
lnPvdv 39 apX 42 hscbp hN\s sI.hn. Iq
\mSv hniZoIcnpXv ImWpI.
\mYm Fs \o hgn]ngnnXp sImv `qanbn
a\pjyvv ]eXpw Rm `wKnbmnImWnpsImSppI
XssNpw. \nbambpw Ahsc apgp\pw Rm hgn]ng
np IfbpXpamWv. \ns \njv If Zmksc HgnsI.
Amlp ]dbpp.. Fs ASnaIfpsS ta \n\v
bmsXmcp A[n-Im-c-i-nbpw Dm-Ip-tXb. Fm
hgn- sX- n- b- h- cm- b \ns ]n]n- b- h As\ Bbn- cn-
pIbn. (sI.hn. Iq\mSv lnP 42mw hN\n\v \Inb
Aw)
]nimNp Ahsc CfnhnSpp. Fp hm
Zpt_m- [- \- n- eqsS ùXnI Imcy- Aew- Ir- X- amn
ImWnpsImSppw Ahv ]nimNp t{]cW \Ip
Ibpw ZpjvS Ifntev XncnphnSpIbpw sNpp.
(dmkn, X^vko-dp I_o 21:253)
: .. . (_., .. .. .. (, ... , _.. .
. .. . s: .. ,.., .:,, . _i
... ..: ,. ,. s ,,. .. ., ..., :.
(,..,.u,...
A\kv_v\p amenIv \nthZ\w hh\pw Xs hon
\nv ]pdsSptm _nkvanmln XhXp Aemln
hem lue hem- Jp- X C _n Fv sNmn- bm
({]mn- m) ]nimNv Ah- \n \n- Iepw Ah- t\mSv
Cs\ ]d-b-sSpw \o t\h-gnv \bn--s-n-cn-pp
\n\v aXnbmsncnpp. \o kwcnsSpIbpw
sNbvXn- cn- p- p. (Xnan- Zn)
t\mq Am- lp- hns\ sIm- msX inbpw
Ignhpw Csv ]dv Ah- \n `c- tan- m ]nim-
Nns Zpt_m[\hpw NXnbpw CmXmIpw. C{Xbpw \nm
c\mWv ]nimNv. {]mnptmtgv Ah AIp t]mIp
IbmWv. Ahs X{w ]mgmhpIbmWv.
(_., .. .... ... .,.. (, ,,. ., :.i .
. ...:. .. .., :. .. .. . . ,
(,.., .: .... . , _,.. .., i .. ..
Jue- Xv_nXv lIow \nth- Z\w dkq ]d- bp- -
Xmbn Rm tIq. Bscnepw Hcp honsenbm Ah
Cs\ {]mns. Amlphns krjvSnIfpsS sISp
Xnbn \nv Ahs ]cn]qamb hmpsImv Rm
icWw tXSpp. (Fn) B hon \nv Ah t]mIp
Xv hsc Ah\v bmsXmcp _pnappw _m[npIbn.
(ap-ow)
i .. .. . ...: .. .., :.
krjv Sn- I- fpsS \mi- n \nv Am- lp- hns
]qamb IenapI aptJs\ Rm Aht\mSv icWw
139
tXSp-p.
ADuZp_nIenamXn... F {]m\ sNmnbm
Fm {]bmkfn \npw kXyhnizmknv tamNnX\m
Imw.
.. _ . _i . . (_., .. (, :,. _, .
..., .. . _.. _i s ,.... . .
_ . : . _,.. ,... ,.: ..., .:..
:.: . .. .. .... .. .. ,. . . ,s,s ..
,.., .u,... ..
A_vZplpssdd dntmv sNpp. \_n(k) ]d
p. i\mb kXy hnizmknbmWv Zpaqe\mb kXy
hnizm- kn- tb- m- \- Xv . Am- lp- hn\v Ghpw {]nb-
aph\pw. Fmhcnepw \bpv. \n\v D]Imcapm
Ip Imcyfn \o XmXv]cyw ImWnpI. \o Amlp
hnt\mSv klmbw tNmZnpI. \o Zp_e \mIcpXv. \n\v
h hn]pw _m[nm Rm C cq]n sNbvXncp
pshn Fv ]dbcpXv. \o Cs\ ]dbpI. Amlp
IWmnbXmWv. Ah DtinXv \Sp. ImcWw eu
(C cq]n sNbvXncppshn Ans\bmIpambn
cp-n-) FXv sNIp-ms {]h-\s Xpd--em-
Wv. (ap-ow)
i-amb hnizmkw Dm-h-W-sapw Am-lp-hn-
t\mSv am{Xw klmbw tXS- W- sapw Ahs Jfm-
JZvdnep ASn-bp-d hnizm-k-ap-m-h-W-sapw \bpw
Xnbpw Ah\n \nv am{XamsW Nntb Dmbn
q- Sq Fsms ]Tn- n- p lZo- km- WnXv. ASn- bp- d
hnizmkn Ans\ sNbvsXn Cs\bmIpambncpp
shv ]dbn. eu F {]tbmKw ss]imNnI kzm[n\
nep hmXn XpdemWv. Cuam\pw Xhqepw D
h\n ]nimNn\v bmsXmcp kzm[o\hpansw.
\_n(k) C_v\p Amkn\v \Inb Nne D]tZ
iwIqSn \mw a\nempI.
..s .. _ .., (_., _,.. .._..,. , .
. ... : .. , .. s.. u.., .. s..
:. ,. ..., .:.... ..:.. : ,. .....
_,.., ..., _,.., ..., . ..:,.
_,.., .., . ..:, .: .. :s ,.
., . .. . .. :s ,. _,.., .s..,
(,.., ....
Ipo Rm \n\v Nne Imcy ]TnnpXcmw. \o Am
lphns\ kqnpI. Fn Ah \ns ImpsIm
pw. \o Amlphns\ kqnpI. Fn Ahs\ \ns
apn Ispw. \o tNmZnpIbmsWn Amlphn
t\mSv tNmZnpI. klmbw tXSpIbmsWn Amlp
hn-t\mSv klmbw tXSp-I. \o a\-n-em-p-I.. Cu kap-
Zmbw HSw \n\v Hcp D]Imcw sNm thn Hcp
anmepw Amlphns \nbanmsX Ahsmpw
sNm\mhn. C\n \n\smcp D]{Zhw hcpm Hcp
anv IqSnbmepw Amlp t\cs tcJsSpnbXm
bmsXmcp]{Zhhpw Ahv sNm\mhn. t]\ Db
sp. GSpIamn. (XnanZn)
apCu- d- Xp- _v \p- ip- Av _bn \nv \_n(- k) \a-
kvImcw Ignm ]dbpambncpp
... . _u.. ,u. . ... ,,.
(.,. .:, ,, .. ,, : ..,
\o \InbXv XSbph\n \o XSXv \Ip
h\pan. (_pJmcnapnw)
..... ,. _,, ,, ,. _.... ... ,,.
.,. ,. :,i :,. ,. ,n ., ,. .
,,... ,. ,.:, .. ,. .. .,..
141
(.,. .:, .. ,.
almb Hcp {]m\m iIens Aw IqSn ]d
b- s.
Amlpth Fs icocw Rm \nntev Xncn
ncnpp. Fs Imcyw Rm \n\v hnncnpp. B{K
l- tm- sSbpw òXn- tbm- sSbpw Fs ]pdw Rm \nn-
en-p-p. Hcp `bhpw cbpw \nn-te--msXbn.
\o Cdnb {Knepw \ntbmKn {]hmNI\nepw Rm
hniz-kn-p-p. (_p--ap)
. :.,. .... ..... . ,,.
(,.., ., .:.: ,. .,. ... .
Amlpth bm{Xbnse IqpImc\pw, IpSpwnse
Jeo^bpw \obmWv (apnw)
(v:,:., _... . _. ,,. ..
(:,:., _... . .. . . ,. ..
\mw \nvsImSpmsX ]nimNn\v \ssImv sXv
sNnm\mhn. Ah tIhew tXmepIf. hkvhm
kpIfpw Zpjvt{]cWbpw Zpt_m[\hpw DmIpI Xs
sNpw. ]nimNv a\pjys cq]n hcpsav ]dm
\s aZy]m\nbmp kplrv ]nimNmWv. \psS `mcy
amcnepw afnepw knepw i{Xphpsv ]dm
Ah ]e Xn- sN- m \s t{]cn- n- p- p FmWv.
\s a\pjy \nnX aX- n- tev amKw Iqm- \n-
dnncn- p ]ptcm- ln- Xmcpw ]nimNv Xs- bm- Wv .
\psS _pfnepw kplrpfnepw Ccw a\pjy
]nimNv Dmbncnpw. \n_npw {]tem`nnpw Ah
\s hgntISnempw.
XJveoZv
`nn- p- m- bm Jp- B- \n- tepw kp- n- te- p-
amWv aS- t- - Xv . AXp- am- {X- am- W- mlp A\p- h- Zn- - Xv .
AmsX `nn- p- m- Ip- tm GsX- nepw hyn- bpsS
hmpI kzoIcn ldmamWv. ImcWw AXv JpB\
. lZokpa. klm_nIfnepw Xm_nDIfnepw s] kI
ecpw Hp km- \n Imcy- am- Wv . (l- - p- m- ln
_menK t]Pv-425)
]mac P\- ^nJvlv ]n- X- sc A- ambn
A\pIcnpp. Ahp sXp]pIbnsp hnizknp
p. ^Jolv ]dbpsXpw t\cmsWv ]macm Icp
Xp- p. CXv ssIhn- Sp- I- bn- s- mWv `mhw. CXmWv AZn-
p_v\p lmnw dntmv sNbvXXv. \_n(k) HmXpXv
Rm tIp. Ah ]mXncnamscbpw k\ymknItfbpw ssZh
fmn. Amlphns\ IqSmsX (Xu_ 131) Ah ]mXn
cnamtcbpw k\ymknamtcbpw Bcm[nnn. ]s Ah
ldmampXp ldmapw lemempXp lemepamsWv
Ch hnizknpp. (AtX ]pIw 426)
apPvXlnZns Juen \nbaw Is XJven
Zn s]Sp-p. (429)
sXmb GXv {]hWXbpw kaqln hfph
cptm kXy shnpdv ]dbpI F \ne]mSv ]qnI
]nXm kzoIcnpt]mnpXv. AXv AXymhiyhp
am-Wv. (sI.-]n. hnizkw hmfyw 1 t]Pv 84)
Fm IgnhpIfpw D]tbmKnv kXyw ]pdv sImv
hcnIXs sN-Ww. (t]-Pv 87)
Xm FhnsS \nv hcppshpw Ftmv t]mIp
pshpw Xs PohnX kcWn GXmsWpw cmam
143
samsWpw hfsc hyambn {Klnh\mWh. A
s\- bp Hcp kXy hnizmkn AXv`pX- - sfv tIp-
tmtgv Ip- a- Sv AXns ]nmse HmtS- - h- \- .
krjvSnIfpsS IgnhpIsf kw_npw Ahv {]ISnn
phm Ignbp Apsf kw_npw Ah\v hy
amb [mcWbpv. C\n {]Ya ZrjvSnbn hymJym\nm
Ign- bm Hc- pX kw`hw Hcm {]I- Sn- np Fv
knm Xs Xs sFlnI hnPbnt\m imizX
ctm Ah\n \nv bmsXmpw t\Sm\mhnsv ZrV
ambn hnizknph\mWv Ah.
\apv Hmtcmpw Amlp hntij _pn
\In-bn-p-v. Ahs kmKw Dsm-p hn:Jp-
B\pw Xncp kppw \psS ssIIfn nXnsNp
p. AXvsImv \psS hntij _pn D]tbmKnv Jp
B\pw kppw Dsmp kmKw \mw kzmb
amtXpv. AX\pkcnv \psS hnizmkfpw I
fpw \mw {IasSppIbpw sNtXpv. AXv \psS
HgnpIqSm\mhm IhyamWv. \apv ]Tnm Ign
nstm \mnse BNmca\pkcnmWv Xm {]hn
- sXtm C ]n- X An- s\- bmWv D]- tZ- in- -
sXtm atm D Hgnhv Ignhv Amlphn kzoIcn
s-Sp-I-bn- F kXyw \mw kZm Hmn-n-cn-t--Xp-
v. CltemIv shv Xs \psS sXpI a\nem
m\pw kXyntev aSnhcm\pw \apv Ignns
n ]ctemIv shv \mw ITn\amb Zp:Jnepw sImSpw
tJZnepw Xocm \jvSnepw AIsp t]mIpw. R
fpsS cnXmth RfpsS kZmpItfbpw RfpsS
t\Xmtfbpw R A\pkcnv t]mbn. As\ Ah
Rsf hgn- ]n- g- n- n- cn- p- I- bm- Wv . R- fpsS \mYm
Ahp \o cncn in \Ip- Ibpw sImSpw im]-
n\v Ahsc \o CcmbpIbpw sNWta Fh ]d
bpw. (A-m-lp-hns Huen-bm---sI. IpoXp aZ\n
t]Pv185,188)
XIzveoZv Hcp ]T\w F ioj-I-n Xs
sI.F.Fw. kmam\yw anIsmcp {Kw {]knoIcnnp
v. sI.]n.bpw F.]n.bpw tNsgpXnb {]kvXp {Kw
apPm-lnZv {]m-\-ns BZi hyXn-cn--Xbpw \ne-
]mSpw hy- am- p- p. Cu ]pkv X- I- n \nv Nne
NopI.
aX- Im- cy- - fn ]q- nIsc XIzv eoZv sNp
bmsXmcp kap- Zm- bhpw hgn- ]n- g- m- Xn- cn- p- I- bnsv
kmam\y _pnXs hnfntmXppv. sXv ]mhcmbn
a\pjycn {]hmNIm am{XamWpXv. {]hmNmcpsS
BZyXeapdbn Xs sXpIfpmImsamWv ASp
Xeapd hop hnNmcanmsX ]n ]pIbpw aXambwKoI
cnpIbpw sNptm {]pX sXpI aXambn amdp
p. ]noSv hcp Hmtcm Xeapdbpw AXn\v sXmpapp
Xeapdtbm {]hmNIs ktifn \nv IqSpX
AIncnpw. ASp XeapdbpsS aXw AXmbn amdpw.
As\ Imem- - c- n bYm aX \nt- i- v
hn]coXamb hnizmkmNmctfmSp IqSnbXmbn amdntm
Ipw AhcpsS aXw. ]q kapZmbv kw`hnnpXpw
CXp-Xs (t]-Pv-53)
XnjvSshcpw _lpam\nsSpXpamb
hynI Fsnepw ]dm aX]camb Imcyn
embm t]mepw AXSn kzoIcnpp. aXns {]am
145
Wfn CXn\v h sXfnhpaptm Fh tNmZnp
Xv t]mIs, As\ Nnnm IqSn Ah ss[cys
Sp- I- bn- . {]am- W- Fp- X- s- bm- bmepw C- c- m
]dbpXmWv icn. Ah henb IqcmWv. AXv sImv
Ah ]dbpXv kzoIcnemWv \psS ISa. CXmWh
cpsS NnmKXn. (XIzveoZv Hcp ]T\w t]Pv 62)
Hcm XIzv eoZv at\m- `mhw Ftm Ism- gn- bp-
pthm Atm apX GXpXcw Ahnizmksfbpw
A\mNmctfbpw Ismgnbphm Abm kzbw Xmdm
hpXmWv. (AtX ]pkvXIw t]Pv 69)
Camw amenIv(d) ]dbpp. Hcm A{Xt{ijvT\m
bncpmepw Abm ]d Fm A`n{]mbhpw ]n]
s- tSX.
Rm ]dbpXnsemw Fs XIzveoZv sNcpXv.
\o kzbw AXns\ ]n NnnpI. Atlw Cs\bpw
]d- bm- dp- m- bncp- p. ssZh- Zq- X- \- m am- cpsS hmpw
sXfnhmIpIbn. (lpmln _menI 126)
{]hmNI\m Bpw sXfnhpIqSmsX Hpw
]dbm A[nImcan. (Camw im^n: ADv)
XIzveoZv Plv BIpp. (A apkvX^m 2/124)
XIneoZv Nnm]camb AXbmWv (aokm 1/11) XIveoZv
Adnh. XIveoZv sNph ]nX\pa. (Clvemap
aphJnCu)
PqX- m- cpsS A]- P- b- n\v ]e- Im- c- W- - fp- v .
GsXmcp kaqlntbpw \mins {][m\ ImcWw
XJveoZmWv. AXpt]mse km[mcWm sXpsNbvXm
innpIbpw {]amWnamcpsS sXns\ \ymboIcnpIbpw
sNp Ah- - bmbn- cpp PqX- cn \ne \nncp- - Xv.
B k{Zmbw Cv apow kaqlnepw ]e kwLS\
Ipw {]XyambnXs ImWm\mhpp. apJw t\mm
sXbpw \oXn- ]qhpw \S- ]Sn kzoI- cn- p Cm- ans
kwkv Imcw Cv temI apow- I- fn \n v Xs
\jv SspsIm- n- cn- p- I- bm- Wv . BZ- chpw _lp- am- \hpw
AXncpIhnv Am\pIcWntev \op Ah
thZ\m P\IamWv.
]caImcpWnIs Dt_m[\ns t\v h
h\pw AX \Snp ]w, Ah\p\mw Hcp]nimNns\
GsSpnsmSppw Fnv Ah (]nimNv) Ahv
Iqmfnbmbncnpw. (kpJvdp^v:36)
Am- lp- hns \nba \ntZ- i- ]men- msX
Ah\v PohnXw kanmsX tXmnb t]mse Pohnm
Xocpam\n a\pjys Iqmfn ]nimNmbncnpw. Ahs
t\Xmhpw AhX- s. \njv I- f- - amb A\p- k- c- W- ap
Amlphns Zmk Amlphns ]mnbnemWv ]nim
Nns ]mn-bn-e-.
\psS bm{X- bnepw \psS Akm- n- y- n
\psS honepsamw Amlp \psS Jeo^bmWv
Hcp {]m\ ImWq, \mYm! bm{Xbnse IqpImc\pw IpSpw
_nse Jeo^bpw \obmWv (apkvenw)
hh\pw Fs hennt\mSv i{XpX ]penbm
Rm Aht\mSv bpw {]Jym]npIXs sNpw (_p
Jm-cn) Am-lp-hns CjvS-Zm-k\v Am-lp-a-Xn. Ahs\
]ng- n- m ]nimNn- \m- hn- . i{Xp- X- ]p- ep- - h- t\mSv
Amlp bp {]Jym]\w \SpsamWv ]dXv. B
Iqn ]nimNpw s]Spatm \psS i{Xphmb ]nimNn
t\mSv \mY\v i{ Xp- X- bpv \n \v h tZmjhpw
147
hcpnshpIbmsWn AXv \ow sNm Ah\
msX amcpan. (ABw 17)
Bcv FtmSv {]mn- p- pthm Ah\v Rm
Dcw \Ipw (_p.ap.) IgnhpI apgph Amlphn
\nv am{X-amWv (_-Jd:165)
NqSpshw Xqhn- bm tai- h- en- p- tm tX-
bn- S- tm hSn Fdn- m CXn- \n- S- bn Pnv s]v
t]mbm acnp t]mIpsav Nne hnZzmm apPmlnZv {]m
\ns _m\dn {]kwKnncpp.
\s D]- {Z- hn- p- Ibpw tcmK- ap- m- p- Ibpw a\p-
jys\ FSpv AXnio{Lw ]dpIbpw `mc hlnp
Ibpw Pa\nbn \nv acpv sImphcpIbpw sNp
Fmn\pw t]m AXni-\mWv ssiXzms\v Ah
]dbpp. hnNn\n {]knoIcnph Hcp tNmZyhpw
D- chpw Cs\ hmbnmw. \s ]e- tmgpw hml- \-
n IpSp- p- - Xn\nv c- s- Sp- p- Xv Pnp- I-
fmsWpw AXn\m GsXnepsamcp Pnns\ \mw klm
bn- I- fm- - W- sa- p hmZ- s- p- dnv Hcp hni- Zo- I- cWw
\Im Xm]cysSpp. (^coZmAh, ]c\mSn)
Phm_ns adp]Sn: sXmb hmZamWnXv. aepI
kZm hnizmknIfpsS HuenbmfmsWv JpB\nepm
bnpt]mepw AhtcmSv5 klmbw tXSmsav Amlp ]d
nn. PnpIsf AwKcIcmmt\m A]ISn
AhcpsS klmbw tXSmt\m \s ]Tnnnn As\
sNmambncppshn AhnSpv (dkq) Pnns\ klm
bnm D]tZinpambncpphtm C\n CXns {]mtbm
Kn- I- X- sb- p- dnv Nnnq \ PntXv No PntXv
Fvv \dpv Xocpam\nm IgnbpIbpan. ]ns Fs\
Ahsc klmbn\v hnfnpw? \ Pntm \msfsb\n
smcp hml\bm{Xbpv. \o s#s IqsS hcWw Fv
]dbpItbm? ASp RmbdmgvN F\nsmcp hntZibm
{Xbpv. \o Av Imev Fb t]mnseWw Fv
Pnnt\mSv At]npItbm? {]amW]ctam {]mtbmKn
Itam Am ImcyamWv \ Pnns\ klmbnW
sav ]d-bp-Xv. (hnNn\w 2007 s^{_phcn , t]Pv )
km`n- I- ambn Hcp- Imcyw ChnsS Ipdn- - s,
^nJvlns akv-A-e-I-fnepw ^Xp-lp apCut]m-ep
InXm_nse NIfpambn Hcp\qmtmfw Imew A\mh
iyamb Nnbnepw Xnepw A`ncanhcmbncpp ka
kvXm, DwssIbntcmaw apfm hpfqAv kzlolv
BIm tcmaw \\btWm thtbm ]nbpsS ASpp
acns thcv ]nbpsS ASpp acns thcv ]n
bntev Fppshn Bacns thcv ]nbntev
Fppshn Bacn Ibdn Ccpm CAvXnIm
^ns {]Xnêw Inptam Ctbm Fns\bp A\m
hiyhpw k]nIhpamb hnjbns ]nmse \Sv
hnes kabhpw Bbppw \innh Cv Acw
]nncn NnI shSnv {InbmIamb {]tbmP\
{]Zamb ]T\nsen tNncnpIbmWv bmYmn
XnIvt]mepw t\cw shfp Cu Imev kaqls
AhnizmknIfpw XJveoZpImcpamnamm\p sImp
]nSn {ianemWv CnWn _eyauem\am Pnv ]nimNv
hnjbhpw t]dn DucpNppXv.
2007 s^{_phcn 9 se hnNn\nse tNmtZym
cwIqSn {inpI.
149
? In Npacnt\mSSpnpI, taihenpinbn
e-S-p-I, I\-ap km[-\- ]pd-t-sdn-bp-I, NqSp-
shw HgnpI XpSnbh PnpIv ]cntm
CSbmbnocpsapw AXn\m Amcyw \mw kqn
Wsa hmZspdv Fv ]dbpp.
D. Pnp-I-sf-p-dnv Hcp kwc-W _m[y-Xbpw
a\p- jyn- . ImcWw \ap- - hsc ImWm Ign- bn- .
ImWm IgnbmhcpsS kpc a\pjy DdphcpWw
Fp- h- m, a\p- jy- cpsS Ign- hn s]Sm- - Xn\v Ah
I]n- - sp Fp- h- cp- atm CXv embp- I- n- ^p- m- lp- \-
^vk Cmhpkv Alm FXns\Xncmbnhcpw. PnpI
\psS taipnepw Inensbpw Npacnsbpw CSbnepw
hp\npIbmsWn In hennSptmgpw taih
env ASptmgpw Ahv ]cnv ]nsms Fp
Icp- Xp- I- bmWv thXv (hn- Nn- \w 2007 s^{_- hp- hcn 9
t]Pv 9 Phm_v)
kn.]n. aplZv IcphtcnbpsS tNmZyw IqSn ]cn
tim[nmw ""PnpIsfbpw aepIsfbpw hnfnv tXSpXv
inm- Ip- I- bn ]nim- Nns\ Bcm- [n- p- - hs\ ]nimNv
klmbnpw. a\pjy icocn Pnp_m[npw. D]{Zhn
pw. ASnpw a{npw PnpIsf Hgnnmw. Pnn\v a\p
jy- cn km- \- - fp- mIpw Cs\ hmZn- p- - h- cmWv
HutZymKnI hn`mKw apPmlnZpIsfpw AXn\m kpn
Ipw apPmlnZpIpw Hv#np {]hnmsapw
kpn-I ]d-bp-p. CXns kXym-h-kvX-sb-p-dn-mWv
tNmZyImhns kwibw.
apPmlnZpIfpsS hnizmkw Cs\tbm F ioj
I- n- eq- sS- bp ap^- n- dns adp- ]Sn apPm- ln- Zp- I- fpsS
BZiamWv. \b{]Jym]\amWv AXv ImWpI.
{]m\ AmlpthmSv am{Xw F hnizmkn
\nv apPm- lnZv {]m\w Hcp skn aodpw ]nd- tImv
t]mbnn. PnpIfpw aepIfpw a\pjykv{XoIfpamtbm
a\pjy ]pcp-j-m-cp-amtbm ssewKnI _-n-tes-Sp-
sa hnizmkhpw apPmlnZv {]m\n\n. ""bYm
hnizmknIfn ]nimNn\v kzm[o\apmhpIbn. Fm
]nimNns\ cm-[n-Im-cn-bm-p--h-cn Ahv kzm[o\-
ap-mhpw. (\lv 99,100)
kpsseam \_n(A)v PnpI ]etPmenIfpw
sNbvXpsImSpncpp. Fm \apv Ahscsmv Hcp
tPmenbpw sNnm km[nn. \apv PnpIsf tkh
I amcmm Ignbpw Fv ]dbmhX. (hnNn\w 2009
Pqembv 3 t]Pv 9)
apPmlnZv {]m\w shp]pep BibmZin\v
t\sc hn]coX ZnibneqsSbmWv kcnm kzemlnbpw
Iqm- fn- Ifpw k- cn- p- - Xv . Ahv apv a\p- jyt\m
Pntm A-hsc kv]innn (dlvam 74) Cu Bi-b-
ns\ hfsmSnv sImmWv kcn kzemln Pnpw
a\pjycpw sseKnI _w \Smdpspw arKfpam
bnv t]mepw a\pjy CW tNcmdpspw ]dpsIm
mWv Xs hmZw kanm Snbm sXfnhpmp
- Xv.
AXn- io{Lw k- cn- p henb `mc- hln-
p kap{Zn app BImin ]dp Pa
\n- bn \nv acpp sImp- h- cm Ign- bp tPymy-
mv hmIsfnpsImSpp Akmam\y in
bp amcmWv PnpIsfv hmgvmcn]dbph Xs
tai- h- en- p- tmgpw hSn Fdn- mepw NqSp- shw Xqhn-
151
bmepw \inpt]mIp Zp_ecmWv Pnspw ]dbpp.
Iev]nX IYIv A\nhmcyambpw sshcpyw Dmhpa
tm. Pnv ]nimNv hnjbn apPmlnZpIfpsSbpw k
cnmfpsSbpw Bib ]ckv]cw Gpapppv kzem
lnsb XIzveoZv sNp [mcmfw apJnZpIsf ]tmfw
sIm sImv Atlw krjvSnncpp. Fv tImepw
hngpp Hcp ]w Am\pImcnIfmWv Atlns
aqe[\w aZvl_ns CamapIsfb aplZv \_n(k)sb
bmWv X ]n]psX apPmlnZv {]m\ns
alPn \nv ]pdvt]mbn Nne ssiJmsc A\pIcn
m\mWv Ch{i- an- p- - Xv . apPm- lnZv {]m- \- n- \- I-
tv XtXv am{Xamb Nne ]cnjvImc sImavSph
cm kemln {ian-n-cp-p. kpPqZn \nv Db-cp-tm
apjvSn- Np- cp- p- - Xn\v kw_- nv F.- ]n. A_vZp JmZn
auehn Xs tNmtZymcw F ]pkvXIneqsS IrXy
ambn hniZoIcnncpp. kemlnbpsS "s]mSnssI' amhp
IpghmZw ke^n tIcfn ASntnm\p {iaw
\Sp. K^nepw apw hnXvdn Jp\qXv ]XnhmWv. Fm
tIcfnse apPmlnZpInSbn Cu k{Zmban. sI.
F.Fw. s Hcp ]nbnepw Jp\qXv \nlnsSpn
. kzemln Cu hnjbnepw Hcp hnhImcnbpsS thj
saSpndn. Xetcn t]mep efn ]nbn
hnXv dns Jq\qXv HmXm- \p {ia- ap- m- bn. Ah- km\w
hnh ImcnI ]naSn. kwLS\v thn BZihpw
lZokpw _en- I- gn- tWm Fp A]- i- _v Z- fpw
Dbp.
\akvmcm\cap {]m\bn ssI Dbp
Xns\ sNmnbpw Nne _lfapmm {ianp. ldm
amb Hcp Imcyw sNp- I- bm- sWv tXmn- n- p hn[-
nemWv ssI Dbnbp {]m\sb kcnm
\ncpmlsSppXv. Xetcn ]nbn [mcmfw XqWp
Ifpv. AXns t]cnepw kzemln {]i\apmn. Im,
IgpI, ISnp \mb, ]mv, tX XpSnb Nne ip{Z
PohnIfpw sImm \_n(k) ]dncp IqnemWv
]n h[s ]n-bp lZo-kp-ap--Xv. Fm BP
i{Xp- hn- s\- t]mse ]n- h- [- n am{Xw AXn- cp- I- hn
ham\ Chcn \nv tIpIbpmbn. Ac
Uk\ne[nIw JpXp_ ]n h[s Ipdnmbncpphs{X.
lZoknepXv t]mse kzoIcnmsX CjvSsXv kzoI
cn- p- Ibpw Cjv S- s- Sm- Xv Hgn- hm- p- Ibpw sNp- Xv
keô coXn imkv{X-a--X-s. Xs `mcy-bp-ambn CW-
tN B J_dn andcpXv F Hcp ^Xvhbpw
Ch \mSp\osf {]Ncnnp. _pJmcnbnse lZokv Ch
]dbp hn[nte A. Ccnqdnse Hcp sF.Fkv.Fw.
{]hIs ]nXmhns\ J_dSw sNptm Ahn
Sps Hcp kcnm apJnZv P\fpsS samw shdpv
kmZnp hn[n hensbmcp {]kvXmh\ \Sn.
\_n(- k)- bpsS aI ssk\- _ns h^m- Xp- ambn am{Xw
_s ImcyamsWpw Aspap A`n{]mbw Cu
lZokns\ kw_nv Dv. J_dw sNm `mcyamcp
ambn _- s- Sm- - h aptmv hc- W- sa- sms ]d-
m, CsXms henb hnj- b- amn Fgp- - n- m
AXpmp ]pIn Bpw k]nmhptX Dq.
apA- - Z- ssX\n Jp- B- \ns]- - X Fsmcp lZo-
kpsv ]dv Hcp am\y Ckvemln Kwòcamb Hcp
teJ\hpw FgpXn (Cmlv 2010 amv Ah A_q_
153
) kv{XoIfpsS apJw ad hnjbnepw kzemln
AXncpIhnp. B[p\nI lZokv ]WvUnX\mb \mkndp
o A_m\n kv{XoIv apJw ad \n_ansv
iambn hmZnncpp. kv{XoIv thWsan apJw
adpItbm admXncnpItbm sNmw F \ne]mSmWv
ke^n ]WvUnXmpXv. kqdv \qdnse 31mw hN\
{]Imcw apJwad \n_ansv hcpp. cm{Xnbnepw
kp_v lnpw ]n- bn \a- kv - cn- m t]mbncp
kv{XoIsf CcppsImmWv XncndnbmXncpsXv ]Tn
np [mcmfw lZokpIfpv. apJw adXpsImv Fv
FhnsSbpw ]dbpn. ]ckv]cw ZrjvSnI XmgvWw
F {]tbmKn\nv Xs AImcyw kp{KmlyamWv.
Fm kzemln Cu teJIt\mSv Cu hnjbn Hcp
]mSv XnpIbpmbn. kv{XoIfpsS kucyw {]ISam
IpXv apJmWv a\pjy apJtmWv t\mmdp
Xv. AXn\m apJw adWw F \n_ kzcw hcp
hn[nemWv Atlw kwkmcnXv. icocnse h Ah
bhfpw ths]pt]mbm AXv I^ sNbvXv anv
\akvIcnv J_dSWsapw Ch hmZnpp. ]ncnp
t]mIptm apkm^mv sNcpsXpw Ch ]dbpp.
Cs\ kzbw aX\nbafpmn henb ssiJp\mam
cm-Im-\p {ia-n-emWv k-cn-bm-. kmc-amb hnj-
bsampatm Fv ]dXv kam[m\nm ]m
hn[w Ccw Imcyfnt]mepw Xo{h \ne]mSpw AXn
cpIhnbepamWv ChpXv. Fnepw CXnt\m henb
{]iv\fmWv hnizmkcwKv ChcpmpXv. Pnns\
ImWm\mhnsv a{Zkbnse IpnIv t]mepw Adnbmw.
{]amWv hncpambn, Xm Pnns\ Ipshv Hcp
kcn apJnXmb {]mkwKnI tImen shv Xn
hn- - tm AsXms tIv Nncn- m- \mWv Nne kabw
IsnbXv. asmcm kmthj\n Pnv lmfndmb
IYbpw ]dp. {]amWw ]Tn Hcmv Fs\ Ccw
almb hnUvVnc ]dbm\mhpp FmWv \mw
NnntXv [mcmfw hnjbfn {]amWfn \nv
ke^n BibmZifn \npw kcnm _lp
Zqcw AInpv. kwLS\bn ^nXv\bpw ^kmZpapm
p Imcyhpw kwLS\m hncp {]h\hpw FSpp
]dbm sa\sm AXn\pXs ]pkvXI [mcmfw
FgptXnhcpw NneImcy am{Xw kqNnnmw.
k- cn- bm- - fpsS AXn- cp- I- hn ]nimNv hmXw
ImcWw sI.F.Fw.\v kpe Cdtn hp. F.
]n. kpnIfpambn Ncdnepw amtcnbnepw shv
\S kwhmZ hyhbn Pnv hnjbw henpsImv
hv \psS ]nXamsc Ah {]Xntcm[nemn.
hyh kwhmZamhmXncnm Ahv Ignp. kzem
lnsb s{]mIvv sNtnhXmWv {]Xntcm[nemhm
Imc- Ww. kv {Xo ]n- {]- th- i\ hnj- b- n- \n- Sv Pnv
hnjbw ]noSv kwkmcnsWv P auehn {]m
hnp. Cu hnjbtmSp kcnbmfpsS XmXv]cy
amWv AXv hnfntmXpXv. kzemln Ckzvemln {]m
\- n\v Hcp henb _m[y- X- bmbn- on- cn- p- I- bm- Wv .
ZAvhv apS-p kwL-S\m hf apc-Sn-n-p Hcp
hnjbw \s samn _m[nncnpp. Zud Ftm
lZokv msktm t]cn Xs honepw apw ]nimNv
mkv Imcy- ambn Ctlw \S- n- bncp- p. kwL- S- \sb
shp-hn-fn-p-sImv Hcp kam-c ]mn-sb-t]m-se-bmWv
155
kcnbm {]hnpXv. Xeticn, Iq, s]cn
a, FSh, ]pfn, atcn XpSnb [mcmfw
efn Pnndepw _m[ \oepw \Sp. Ah
A_q-_- Pnn-d--ens\ kw_-nv Hcp eLp-teJ
apPmlnZv skdn shv ]ckyambn hnXcWw sNbvXp.
t\XrXzw iambn imknpIbpw hnepIbpw sNbvXp.
Fnpw Ckzvemlv B teJ\v ]noSv Ih tmdnbmbn
]p\x{]knoIcnp. amln kztZin Ppss\Zv Fbm
Xetcnbn kwLS\ \nbas shphnfnp hn[
n asmcp eJp- teJ {]kn- o- I- cn- p. kp- e- dn\v
tijhpw Ckzvemlv Pnpw ]nimNpambn hopw cwKv
hp. XpSv apPmlnZv skdn Ckzvemlns\ t\XrXzw
hnen. sI.F.Fw. kwm\ sk{Idn A_vZpdlvam
ke- ^n- s- Xnsc k- cnbm kzemln sI.- sP.- bp.- hn\v
\Inb ]cmXnteJ\w kzemln injy \msSmppw hnX
cWw sNbvXp. kakvXmcpsS In hsc Cu Iv
Fm\nSbmbn. ke^nbpsS t]cn kmnI Ipw
Btcm]nv sImv Ch IsgpXpIbpw {]knoIcnp
Ibpw sNbvXp. Ad_v cmPyv tPmen sNp Hcp ae
bmfn ]n- Xs CS- s]- S aqew ke- ^n- bpsS \nc- ]- cm-
[nXzw sXfnbnsp.
sI.F.Fw. kwLS\m sk{Idn s{]m^. A_vZp
hns\ ]ckyambn Bt]npsImv kcnbm kzemln
sImbnemnbn {]kwKnp. ]ecpw C\nbpw kwLS\
bn \nv ]pdv t]mIm\pspw Ahscsbmw ]pIp
NmSnpsapw kzemln ]ehw hov ]dp. sI.F.
Fw. t\Xmsf Ipdnv aShq akvXnjvIw hchscpw
Pcm\c _m[nhscpw ]dpshv Atcm]nh Xs
F.]n.sbbpw Sn.]n.sbbpw Ingh ]Ssbpw d mp
I FpamWv Bt-]nXv. Pnv ]nimNv hnj-b-n
]pkv XIw cPn kpsseam Ajv I F Atd- _y
]nXs ]pkvXIw "CkveanI ]mT' F t]cn
hnh-Is t]sc-gp-XmsX k-cn-bm- tIc-f-n
DS\ofw hnXcWw sNbvXp. Iqcnse hmcw ]nbn
shv AXns GXm\pw tImnI sI.F.Fw. Pnm {]kn
Uv tUm. F.- F. _jo Is- Sp- p. kv {Xo ]n
{]thiw ]pWy-an-spw kv{XoIv Ah-cpsS hoSmWv
Dasapw ]dbp IrXnbn Itdns\ Ipdnpw Ckvem
anI hncphpw Ckvdmtbenbpw ISp hnpv.
Hcmv Itdv Xnbm Iv shh Ipfn
shn Ipfnm\mWv teJI {]Xnhn[nbmbn \nt
inpXv. Ccw {]mIrX NnInv Ckveman sXfn
hptm? DXv ]dbpXnv ]Icw AXncp Ihnv ]d
bp kz`m- h- amWv ke- ^n- I- fn \nv kI- cn- bm- sf
Xncndnbm\p FfpamKw.
tNI- q- cnkw DS- se- Sp- - tm apPm- ln- Zp- I
AXns\ t\cnXv Bibw sImmWv. Iqv sImmbn
cpn. FS\mpIc t]mep apPmlnZv `qcn]ap
al- p- I- fn kakv X- mcpw apw apPm- ln- Zp- Isf sXdn
]dv {]kwKnnpw \mfnphsc Hcp tPpw \mw It
dnbnn. Hcmsfbpw òjWnsSpnbnn. AXv BZi
anmhcpsS Bbp[amsW XncndnhphcmWv \ap
pXv. ]s, AklnjvWpXbpsSbpw òjWnbpsSbpw
Itnsbpw `mjbn kcnbm sI.F.Fw.
Xs- bp- - hsc t\cn- Sm XpS- n- bn- cn- p- p. Ah- cpsS
Bib]mcamWv CXneqsS hnfntmXpXv. Xfnd
157
nse A\kv amjns\ ]n shv Hcp kcnbm apJ
nZv A{Ianp. Gtgmw kztZinbmb low aplZv F
bm "]nimNv Ihcp \psS NnI' F eJpteJ
hnXcWw sNbvXXns t]cnepw kcnbm {]iv\ap
mn. AhnizmksXnsc kwkmcn Ajvd^v
]c- sb JpXp- _- bn \nv k- cn- bm- ]ncn- p- hn- p.
{]ikvX {K-Im-c A_vZp-d-lvam Ccn-th-nsb Ch
Acpmn. ImktKmUv ]ehw kwLjw \Sp. sI.
F.Fw.s HutZymKnI Iymadm am\pw Xetcnbnse sF.
Fkv.Fw. {]hI\pamb knoJv kcnbmfpsS A
hnizmksXnsc Fkv.Fw.Fkv. AbXn\v ssk_
skn k- cnbm kzemlnbpw apco- Zp- Ifpw ]cmXn
sImSpv t]meokv tj\n hnfnnp. knoJns\Xnsc
]{Xfn I hm sImSppIbpw eJpteJ ASn
ndpIbpw sNbvXp. sI.F.Fw. CSbn ]oSnI bqWn
nse `mchmlvIfdnbmsX AhcpsS t]cnep hymP t\mo
kmWv kcnbm {]knoIcnXv. keô tIcfs
A]- am- \npw hn[- ap k- cn- bm- - fpsS hnf- bm- - hpw
Iqmhpw XpScpIbmWv. kcnbsb FXnphsc
sbmw aShqcnIfmn ap{ZIpphcpsS X\n \ndw Fm
sWv t\mmw.
1) i_m_n \npw apIfn Dcn teJ\n
]dXn Apdsampw ]nimNv tkhIp ]nim
Nns D]Imcs Ipdnv Cu teJI ]dnn. (k
e^n {]m\w: hnaj\fpw adp]Snbpw kdnbm
kzemln, t]Pv: 129)
2) Pnv hnjbhpambn _sv Rm mskSp
n- p an Imcy- fpw i_m- _n Fw.- sF. X
hnh\w sNbvX teJ\n \npw sNdnbapns
apJmapJn \npamWv BZyambn hmbnpXv Xs.
(AtX ]pkvXIw A\p_w A`napJw, t]Pv: 142)
3) Pnv ]nimNpIsf Ipdnv ]pXnb ]e hnhcfpw
Ckzvemln tIcfntev BZyambn CdpaXn sNbvXXv
]nfam A\ymbambn ISnsh i_m_v hmcnI
XsbmWv. 1999Xn A_q Aao\m _nem ^nen]vkns
Pnv hnj- b- n- ep \nc- h[n teJ- \- ]cn- ]m- j- s-
Spn i_m- _n- eqsS h- tm- gmWv ]ecpw Cu hnjbw
{inm XpSnbXv. Amev CsXmpw Ahn
izmktam \hbmYmkvXnItam Cu kpantbm Atl
ns Cs IqmfnItfm Btcm]nn! Fm AtX
Imcyw sI.F.Fw.s\ A\pIqenp Nne {]mkwKnI
FSpv ]dtm Ah \hbmYmkvXnIambn! A
hnizmkntev \bnembn! {]kvXpX teJ\ ]cn
]mjsSpnb Fw.sF. Xfpw AXv tIcfsampv {]N
cnn i_m_pImcpw ip \thmm\mcpw ]ptcmKa\
mcpw (kcnbm kzemln AtX ]pkvXIw, t]Pv: 66)
4) ASn-h-c-bn `mKw aS-hq-cn-I Bnv hmbn-
s! CXn ]cw FmWv \nfpcn Ckzvemlv amkn
I- bn- ep- - Xv ? Ckv emlv amkn- I- bn DXv inm- sW-
n 2001 apX Cphscbpw kzw ]pkvXIneqsS
\msSmpv {]Ncnn Cu "KpcpXcamb inns\' CXp
hsc Xncp- n- bn- ptm? (k- - cnbm kzemln AtX
]pkvX-Iw, t]Pv: 83)
5) Hcp Imcyw i_m_nepw bphXm ]pkvXIfnepw
hm AXv ip XuloZpw AtX Imcyw Ckzvemlv amkn
I-bntem atm Bbm AXv sImSnb inpw Bhp--
159
Xns am\ZWvVw FmWv? (kcnbm kzemln AtX
]pkvX-Iw, t]Pv: 86)
Fw.sF. Xfpw sI.sI.bpw A_vZpemw kp
anbpw tImbpnbpw sNdnbaphpw kn.Fw. auehnbpw
i_m_pw bphXbpw ]dssXmw (Pnv ]nimNv hmXw)
Gs- Spv apPm- lnZv {]m- \- n- \- I- tv Cd- p- aXn
sNm kcnbm kzemlnsb sI.F.Fw. NpaXesSp
n- bn- ptm? Ah- cpsS D- c- Wn- I sImv ]pkvXIw
\ndXv Acw hmXw sXmsWv kanm\mtWm?
AtX hmZta X\nsmq Fmhnm\t? Bib
hyXnbm\w kw`hnhscv ]dbshcpsS Ccw teJ
\ Fn\mWv Gp]nSnpXv. km[mcW FXncm
fnIfpsS DcWn FSppsImSppXv AXns\ hnain
m\mWv. Fm aShq hn`mKns teJ\hpw Dc
Wnbpw kcnb tXmfntenbXv Pnv ]nimNv hnjbn
X\npw aS- hq- cn- Ifpw hmZ- am- Wp- - sXv ]d- bm- \m- Wv .
Fsmcp hntcm[m`mkw! Ahsc ]n apAvXkne Fpw
lZokv \ntj[nIsfpw kzw \mhpsImv ]dbpIbpw
AhcpsS DcnWnI C{X htXmXn kzoIcnpIbpw
sNp ImgvN Hcp ]s temIv Xs BZyambncn
pw.
Fm Ah- cpsS teJ- \- fpw ]pkv X- I- fpw
Xs hmZn\v sXfnhmpI! P\fpsS In s]mSn
bnSm aShqcnIv adp]Sn F ]hn BhnpI.
kcnbbpw kcnbm XzcopImcpw ]bp ncw
AShpIfmWnsXmw. \mw CXv XncndnbWw. hmkvXh
n kcnbm kzemln \jnnm\ndnbncnpXv
sI.-F.-Fw.-s\-bm-Wv. aS-hq-cn-Isf ad-bm-n-sm-mWv
kcnbbpw Iqcpw sI.F.Fw.s\Xnsc bpw \Sp
Xv. apPmlnZv {]m\n Pnv ]nimNv hnjbw apJy
NbmbXpw ZAvhv apSvp kwLS\sb oWnn
p Xen AXv amdnbXnsbpw ImcWmc kzem
lnbmWv. Cu ]pkvXIw Atlns Bib hyXnbm
\- n- s\- Xn- sc- bm- Wv .

KKP - New "Pinvili"

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