,

" "



.









" " "
"










...




.

" " 1948


.




194

,




,








.
















" "

" " " SELFISHNESS RIGHTS " . "
" .







.



. .
.
)(


.

-.
.
" " .
.
:


.

" " .
. " ".

 .
) 1688
(1695 ) (1776 .1789
)
) (1755 - 1689 ) (1778 - 1694 ) (1778 - 1712 )- 1722
(1804 (.

.

.
:
.
) ( .
.

.
) (
.
)
( .
:

.

) (

.

 . "
" .

( ( ( (. ) (
( ( ( ( ( "
"
.
:

)(

.
"
(.. 282
"
" ) ( .
" "
. )( )
( .
.
) ( " " .

 )(" :
" . .
1299 ) ( " "
" " .
. ) (
) (
".
" :
.
".
"
".
.
:

.
.
) (1388
)
( .
" " .

. .
) ( "" " " .
" " " " ) ()
(.
)
( ) (.

 ) (
. .
.
)( . ) (
. .
)
( )(
. .
) (
.

.
. .
) ( )
( .
.
) ( .
.
" " .
" " "
" . .

" "
) ( .
" "
.
.
)
( .


.
.
:
:

)(.
:
.
:
.
:
.
" "
.
.
.

. -
.


.



.



.

.

.


.

.
.

.
.

.

.
.

.
:

... .
.

.
.

.

.

.


:

.

.
.

.
.
.



.

1948

.

.

.

:
"
.

.
......


"...

...
... .

.

.

.

 .
.

.
.

.
25-14 1993 "
.
".



.
:
:
.
.
:

.
:
.1

.
.2

.3

.4

.5

.6

.7

.8

.9

.10

.11

.
.12

.
.13

.14

.15

.16

.17

.
.18

.19

.

16 1966
1976
.
.
:

.
.
.

. :
)( .

.


.

...
.



.

.



.
.
:


.

.

...
.


.

.


. .


.
:
:
.
:

. ""
.

.
:
.1

.2

.3

.4

.5

.6

.7

.8

:

.
:
-1

 .


.
.
-2

:

.
-3

.
-4

.



.
. .
.

.
) (

 .

.


.
. .
.

.

.

.




.


. .
.


.



.


.
:


.
.
.



.
:
-1
.

....
-2

.
-3

.
) (
.
-4

.



-5

... .
.
-6


.

.
-7

.

.
-8
.

.
) (


.

.


.



.

.

.

.
.


... .

.





.

.
.

.
-
.

.

.

.

.


.

.

.
.

.