Mimeographed

Series

No. 58

Civilian Life

Under

the

German Occupation,
if

1942-1944
by

Vladimir D. Samarin
l
'ft

35

Research Program on the U.S.S.R.

New York
1954

City

&

Mimftographcd Series No,58

CIVILIAN LIFE UNDER THE

GERMAN OCCUPATION,
1942-1944

s
by

Vladimir

Samarin

RESEARCH PROGRAM ON THE U. C .S.R, 401 West 118th Street, New York 27, N.Y,
1954

Paoes: 90 Price: $1.00

This memorandum is made available for the information of interested scholars. It was. produced with the financial help of the Research "Program on the U.S.S.R. (East European Fund.* Inc* The author is responsible for its contents. The material is distributed in preliminary form without critical editing by the Research Program. Any inquiries about this manuscript or its author should be directed to the Research Program*
)

Copyright 195^
by

Research Program on the U.S.S.R, (East European Fund, Inc. 401 West 118th Street New York 27, N.Y,

part of this manuscript may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the Research Pro&ram on the U;S.S.R, (East European Fund, Inc.)} except by a reviewer who wishes to quote brief passages in connection with a review writ^.m for a magazine, newspaper, or radio broadT$o

No. 58

Civilian Life Under the

German Occupation
19^2-1 9^

fey

Vladimir D

Samarin

Samarin witnessed the German occupation When the Germans forciof Voronezh in July 194-2. population of that city, bly evacuated the civilian he Mr. Samarin moved to German-occupied Oryol where the Russian-language newspaper joined the staff of Rech as a journalist. He left the U,S.S.R. in 19/44 as the Soviets moved westward.
Mr*
1

servations and on talks with such sources as members of the local self-government bodies in the Germanoccupied area, journalists, and officers and men of the voluntary anti-Bolshevik Russian military units. His report illustrates the dilemma confronting Russians in the occupied areas who opposed the Bolshevik regime as well as the policy of the Germans, but could evolve no third force strong enough to serve as the vehicle for realizing their goals. This dilemma was symbolized by a pitched battle which took place between two armed Russian units, both desiring an independent Russia free of Bolshevik and German control, but each having chosen opposite temporary alliances as the method for attaining this goal.
Many aspects of life in the occupied zone are discussed in the report; the creation of spontaneous ad hoc organizations to accomplish community objectives, the~~Vlasov movement and other political currents, the successive stages of anti-Bolshevik propaganda, and the failures of German policy in the occupied zone.

Mr. Samarin bases his account on personal ob-

58

C o a e p

3K

a k h e

OTp,

BMecTO BBeAeHHH
HaKanyHe bohhh
Eofea na^ajiacL
HeMUbi hayt
,

1
*

p
*

11
AO S

B COBeTCKOM
HeMqbi npHinJiH

TbIJiy

.......

"OcBoSoacAeHHaa

3eMJitf"
* *

3^
J
. .

MecTHoe caMoynpaBJienHe
ITponaraHAa, ne^aii
flodpOBOJimbT H POA
*

65
"

HTC

86
89

Ha 3ana^

r~

K?

58

Bmscto BBeaeHHii
Tan B cBoeft paCoTe a ncnojn30BajE kbk JiHHHLie HadjnoAeHM, yHaCTHHKOB COH COtfpaHHHe MHOIO CBHASTejlBCTBa COBp0M6HHHKOB, ocpHijepoE 6hthM, - paCoTHKKOB MecTHiax caMoynpaajreHHtt, ne^axn, OTpHOB. H COJTflaT AOGpOBOJlBHeCKHX EHTHCOJIblEeBHCTCKHX

Ha ocHOBaHHH pasjTHHHHX cBHAeTe^BCTB 6yneT jier^e cffejraTb

Hantfojiee

ofoeKTHBHHe bhbqah._

Moz ^H^HHe BneHaTJieHHH h HatfjHoaeHHa othocsttch He k QflHOMy KaKOMy-HHfiyAB nyHKTy, He k oflHOMy roposy hjih moo.thocth, oanaflHHx a k 06111HPHHM TeppKTopHOT cpeflHeM nojiocH Pocchh h ee
octaacTeti.

tee npHiiuiocb 3KMTb h tfHBaTh b BopoHesce, Kypcne, Opjie, KaCMOjieKCKe, MorHJieBe, EpHHCKe, Op we, BodpyBcKe, Eeaisme, Bo panese, OcHnoBH^ax, BpecT-JlHTOBCKe h spyrax ropoAax., MHorax cejrax OpjiOBcicoH, BpaHCKofi, CMoaencKofi, EoCpyacKofl h Apyrnx oOjracTeK. B rjiyxnx napTH3aHCKnx paMonax,

my^eime

onbiTa nocjreinpeS boSkbi nysKHO

jh

a-m

fiyflyimix

HCTopEKOB, h 3anafly h h&m caMitM.

58

H aKaHyne boBhh

B KBapTzpe HHseeHepa oahopo hs BopoHe^cKHx 3aBOAOB, Moero 3HaKOMoro, oscKBjreHHe: tojibko hto npnexaji uj&pxwft CpaT, jie^TeHaHT KpacHOH ApMHH. Ero ahbhskh, pacKBapTHpoBaHHan b JlLBOBe, npHHHMajta ysacTHe. b ocBoOoxcfleb hhh" 3anaAHO# yKpaHHH. JteETenaHr 6HBaji b KOMaHAHpoBKax h
Boponera:.
BecHa...19i+1

rofla.

npHC5ajrTHKe.

EcTecTBeHHO, pa3roBop cpasy xce KOCHyjica KeznyHapoAHoro KOMnaie He 6wo nctfroscemia, bosmojkhocth bohh. JfcoMe Mena, b nocTopoHHHx. JleifreHaHT SHaji o mohx Apy^ecKHX oTHOmeHHsix co paccKasHBaji cTapiEHii OpaTOH, z nosTony roBqpiw oTKpoBeHHO. Oh IipOBOflMHCb O JIHXOpaAOHHHX B06HHBIX TipHrOTOBJreHHflX, KOTOpHe ro^a^o hoct(50JiBiireBHKai.rH na aanannnx rpannuax Becaoti 19^1 bohck, chepoihce ceTH yKperwoHHHx pafioHOB, o cocpeAOTO^eHzz AHBHSza, o pHS-eHHH. PaccKasHBa^i o nepe^opwapoBaHKH khophx ero kobhx TaHKax nocjreAHHx MapoK, npudHBamHx b apMHio, no no cjiOBaM, Kpacnan ApMHH jWMKHa (5ujia <5ht& roTOBa k yAapy TepMaHHH k 1 94^ rOAY*
-

A Torsa,

saKOHMM oh cBoe nOBecTBOBaHHe,

Bee Bpeiia BHHMaTe^tHO

- b

ABe He-

ASJIH ao BepjiHHa AKaTttiic$i.

CTapuiaB opaT, rojroBoMs

-

cwryuiaBiiiKft,

nOKa<iaji

Cmotph, neTfl, KaK (5h b o(5paTHyio cTopoHy He noKaTHJiHcb. BoeBaxb-TO CofiijH tboh o^eHb xorax?

Cnop oaTHHy^c^ ao rjiydoKoM homh.

KOTopne dsuiH npzcymz hsbscthoM vacTH KoMaHAHoro cocTaBa apMHH, pacKBapTHpoBanHoH b saxBaneHHHx mhcthx UoJihvm h b npntfajiTttKe. HaCTpoeHHH, C OAHOS CTOpOHH, B apMHK UOStBVLJlHCh aHTHCOBSTCKHe KHSHblD 3a pydescOM, HBHBUTHeCH CJteACTBHeM 3HaKOMCTBa apKHH C ApMHH yBHAejra, KaK smh napoAH JIaTBHH, Sctohhh, JIhtbh, Aasce H06oraTOM nojrbura. CpaBHeHHe 0KH3HH 3a pydeaoa c skhskbio b napeureg GTpaHe He komo He BH3BaTt spa&AH k (SojEBiireBHCTCKOMy
APyroK ctopohh, npoflyMaHHoH nponaraHAOH, noAorpeEaiomeB naTpHOTH^ecicne nyBCTBa KOMaHflapoB z CoHiiob, pHcyn nepeA TTTTKH noiOHOicl'PTBH " OCpOdOjMeHHfl" BCeS EBponH, COJIbUieEHKH OTC

JleRTeHaHT

IleTfl

keko^to Mepe

orpa^aji Te HacTpoeHra,

58

nacTK jioKajrHsaBajttjauvaHTHCOBeTCKHe HacxpoeHzn, iioctohhho tioaorpeBajg: bot Te HacTpoeiiHfl, Koxoptre npzBea c coCofi b Bop oh ess
jieKTeHaHT Ilexa.

ITacrpoeHKH ero cxapmero 6paTa 6wivl THnHHHHM RJi& HaCTpoeHHM BHyTpH CTpaHH, Tfle He pa3AejrHJIH BOCTOpTOB apMeHCKOh i-iOjiofle&H, Me^taBnieS o b3HXhh EepjrzHa. fla z b cpeAe caiiofi stoK MojiOAexcz TaKne HacTpoeHH^ othmab He AOMHHzpoB&Trz. CxapnitfH" KOiiaHAHHH cocTaB euje xopomo iiomhhji eacOBiuHHy, z ero HacTpoeHM HHKaK He CBHA6Tej[LCTBOBaJIH O TOM, HTO CTajIHH LI0KC6T nOJEHOCTBK nojioacHTbca na ocfjuqepcTBo KpacHOz ApMzz. KpacHoapMeKcKaH Macca b cBoeM noAaBjiiriomeM dojrbiirHHCTBe oxpascajia nacxpoeKHH Bcez cxpa hh - b o&ueic BpajicAQ^HHe peMMy.

HacxpoeHza b CTpaHe He c5hjth coBepmeHHo oahopoahhmh, KaK, ohh He oahopoahh z cez^ac: ohk KOJieCajiHCb ot <5e3oroBopoHHoro npH3KaHHH <5ojiBiireBH3Ma ao 0e3yc^ioBHoro oxpziiaHM ero* Mo&ho HaDBaTb HecKOJibKO rcaxeropzz Torflaumero oTKoureHza k peaHKy,
CBH3aHHHe c pesKHMOM oCmHMH npecTyrureHHHMH Z OCUHeM OTBeTCTBeHHOCTBK) 3a HHX, OAHOBpeMeHHO pa3A8JIHIQimi6 HAeojiotkk) CojibiiieBHCTCKoro pe&zua, a Taicsce jiioah, noTepHBiuze zashHyio noHBy, ko npoAOJiKcaBurne noAAepsKHBaxb ero b czjry Tex ace cB&3eH odiueS oTBercTBeHHocTH 3a coBepmaeNtie pextzMOM sjiORefiUKa
1.
JIk>ah,
_

2. JIioah, noAAep^HBaioiiiine peacHM, b CHJty hhcxo jtz^ihbix, niKypHHX coodpaxceHHifj doniuzeofl noTepjiTb co CMeHoz peaszMa CBoe npHBZjrerHpoBaHHoe nojrosceHze, MaTepzajibHoe tfjiaronojiy^ze.
3. JIkak, cHHTaBiuwe, hto <5ojibiiieBZ3M aBjjeHze pyccKoe, mto CxajizH 3amHinaeT HHxepecn Focczz, a Tansce jikah, cHzxaBiirze, mto (5oaibuieBH3M zneex HenoxopHe HeAocTaTKZ, Koxopne HyscHO zcnpabhtb, ho yjiz^TOEcaxb 6ojEbineBH3M He cjteAyeT, zdo BCKaa nontix-

kr CopbCH HaaeceT ymepo" zHTepecan Pocczz.

JlttAH, C^HTaBLfiHe dOJIBIH6BH3M 3JI0M, KOTOpoe yHH^TOeHo no b03Mo;:;hocxz de3 ymepda aha Pocchh.
l\..

AOJIilf-HO

dHTb

$.

J[AH,

CHHTaBlilKe C0JIblUeBH3M 3JI0M,

KOXOpoe A0JISH0 6HTb

yHUHToaceno jibCoh ueHoM.

6o
nrayr
.

xaKzte nuepxHan npeAirpHHiiMaEnraa a.

MnepxHaa Macca aHTzcoBexcKafl, HZ^ero He npeAirpzHiiMBMacca anojiHTHHecKan, xoj^ce HH^ero ue

^zcjreHHNH cocxaB KascAoM KaxeropHH onpeAejizxb irpeAcxaBjin^Tcsi bocmokhhm Jimuh o^eHB npz(5jiH3ZTejibH0. j1k>ah nepBoz Ka-

V:-:

$8

TeropHH COCTaBJtHjm HBIIOe MeHLUIJiHCTBO. CaMari'MHOrOHHCJIOHHa^ KaxeropHH, nosm/tyM, aHTHcoBeTCKaa Mace a/ HHnero He npe/nipHHHMaBiirafi. Ha DTOpoM uecne nocjie Hee HeTBepxaa h nnTaa KaTeropsH. 3th KaTeropHH &ajm nandojiee aHTHdojitmeBHCTCKHe Ka,opLi ^eMcTBOBaBUine bo Bpeua boShh. 3aTO HHepTHan aHTHCOBeTCKan iiacca dpocajia b 1 9l(-1 rojxj opy&He Ha c^poHTe: 3amnmaT& 6ojihHT6BH3M OHa EHKaK H6 XOTejia*
-

B KOHiie anpejia 1 9J4.I ro^a HaMajicn MaccoBHi! BH30B b BoenKOMaTH Bcex, 3a^HCJreiuiHX b HecTpoeBHe *mcTn, scex, kto He Onui B3ht panee b apKH b cbaoh c n *jyseflHM M npoHcxoacAeHneis, cy^HiiocTBio h t.a. j Bcex nojiy^HBUEtfx paHee otcpotoh no Cojigohem, a Taicxce BOoCme ocBodOHc#eHHNX ot boshho^ cjiy5KO*H no 0*0jresHH.

Becb MaS BoeHKOKaTH patfoTajiH no 12 nacoB b cyTKH. MeflHUKHCKHe KOMHCCHH SHajlH TOJIBKO OflHO CJTOBO "TOAeH. " ITO CyTH Aejia npoHcxo^H^a CKpuTan BceoCman Mo6&zrH3au,HJi*
S

B cpe^HHe anpejist b ra3eTax noHBHjroct onpoeepaceHHe TACC, B KOTOpOM rOBOpHJIOCLj ^TO COOClHeHHH HeKOTOpHX sarpaKKHHHX raseT nepeopocice repuaHCKHX boEck c EajiKan k rpaHHi^aM CCCP M He cooTBeTCTBjioT aeftcTBHTejibHocTH M . A b to :xe caiioe Bpeua K 3ana^HHii rpaHi-iuaM CCCP HenpepHBHUM hotokou wjik HeueijKHe moTOpiI30BaHHH6 flHBHQHH.
!T
1,

CoBeTCKHM v.$jioBeK, npHBHKiUHM HEiaTb ra3eTH MeMcfly cxpoK, ocoChm BHHMaHHeM, ocJh^ho, iipo^HTHBaBiuHH onpoBepaceHHe TACC, He Mor He 3aHHTepecoBaTBCH 3tmm onpoBepsceHKeM, tqm tfojiee, htq oho Kacajtocb caiioro rjraBHoro: bosmoechocth boMhn. OnpoBepKceHne cBHAexejiBCTBOBa.tfO o tom, hto repMaHCKHe apMHH, /tefiCTBHTejEBIiO, COCpeflOTaHHBaiQTCfl y rpaHKH. CCCP.
c

soMae cTajiH yxce roBopHTB, KaK o ^cm-to ysce HeH36eacHecMOTpn na ofyimviajthime 3aHBjieHHfl CojiBineBiiKOB o Heno6eAHI-.Octh KpacHOH apMMK, HecKOTpH Ha MHorojreTHiOK) nponaraHAy> Koxopaa ne ycxasajia xsepflHTb o moiuh h HecoKpywaKocTH apMHH, Heci.'OTpH na doeBoM sa^op HOBOncneMeHHHx JiefixeHaHXOB, aHTiiCojibineBHCTCKaH nacib Haurero aaposa, Cojujuthhctbo ero - ne Bep&jto b HenoCefltiMocTB KpacHoS apMHH. He BepEJin iroTowy, ^ito 3Ha^H HacTpoeHHA aptiHH. He BepHJiH h b BoeHHHe cnocodnocTH {3ojrBiKeBHKOB. BoMHa npoTHB najreHBKoM ^uhjiahahh, HaBepHo^ caKaa no3opnafl sofina b hctophh Pocchh, - yKpenmra 3th HacTpoehom.
HH3.

CTpaHa ;i{^ajaa sofiHy, lie Bee, o^HaKO, KflajrH ee c oAHHaKoBHM ^yBCTBOM. EOJIbHTHHCTBO C Ha^eSCAOK Ha OCBOfiOSfleHHe, HO H

K?

58

co CTpaxOM nepeA HeiiosecTHocTbio: BoiiEa necjia EcepTBN,

CTpaaa

caMO CO' HHJI, PaorpOM (30JIbHreBH3Ma, O KOTOpOM rOBOpHJIH, KaK 6ovl pa3yi.ieioiueMc^, h notfeaa hho36Mhhx chji Moxvta npHBecTH k

HHrepecoB Pocchh. KaKOBH imaHH HOMueB OTHOCHTejibho dyAymero Pocchh? ItpOTHB koto ohh xotjit BoeBaTb? IIpoTHB CxajiHHa, kjih npoTHB Pocchh? 9th BonpocH ropnno odcy^AajiHCb b ycKOH Kpyry Apy3eR h cpe#H y<5e3KA6HHHX aHTHdojibuieBHKOB h cpe^H npHBepaxeimeB tfojibineBHCTCKoro peoKHMa.
ymeioieHHio

CoBeTCKa^ nponaraH^a pncoBajia 3BepHHHH oo\hhk cJ>aniH3iia, TBepAHJia o HeueuKHX n^ianax pacn^eHeHHs Pocchh, yHH^ToaceiiHH Hapo^a. K Hen npHCjryniHBajiHCb, BHHMaxejibHO HHTa^H Bee coodmehhji, eme BHHLiaTejibHeH cnoTpejiH Mesicfly cxpoK, h<5o coBeTCKOH nponaraH^e He AOBepsjiH

Bo h Ha h a*i aji a c

EoSHy h b to see BpeMH Bo^Ha HBHjracb hcomchAaHKOCTbio k ajiji napoAa h a^& caMHx dojrbiireBHKOB, GoBeTCKaa paoBeAKa, kohq^ko, dtma ocBeAOiureHa o nepeABH;;;eHHSiX HeiieijKHx BOHCK, 06 HX COOpOAOTO^eHHH y HaiUHX 3anaAHHx rpaHHii, ho HeMeijKHe AHnjroiiaTH cynejiH y6eAHTb CTajiHHa b cbohx hhphhx HEivepeHH^x no oTHouieHHK k GoBearcKOMy Coiosy. CocpeAOTO^eHHe coBeTCKHX bohck Ka rpannijax c repMaHHeH, nocneiitHaff ModKjrK3an,HJi pnAa BoapacTOB, npHGHB HecTpoeBHKOB h ocBoGoscAeHHHx no <5ojie3HH - npoxoAETJi b odmen njiane AaBHo aaAyMaHHoii nOAroxoBKH BTopeHHH 3 Espony, ho He b cbh3h To^ibKo c OMflaHKeM HanaAehhh repiviaKHH. YSrsi c rozroBoft B noAroTOBKy HacTynaTejibHHx onepauira KpacHok apMHH, coBeTCKoe KOMaHAOBaHze He npoBejio no^TH HHKaKHX OdOpOHHTejIbHHX MeponpHSTHH.

CTpaHa
-

i^Aajia

KaK cBHAeTejrbCTByioT y^acTHHKH coGhthH, KOMaHAHpH KpachoM apMPiH, ycHJieHiio roTOBHJiKCb HM6HH0 k HacxynaTejibHHM onepaHHHM.

MaHop KpacHoM apMHH

B. P.

iirraGHOH

padOTHHK, HaxoflHBiuHK-

ch b KiTaCe oahom H3 AHBH3HH, p acKBapTHpoBaHHHX b Hojihme , pacCKa^HBaeT, hto BecHOH 1 9Lj.1 r. urTatf'H nojiynnjiH HOBHe KapTH TOjibKo ot rpaHHq h ao Eepjimia. KorA& nana^ocb odmee oTcxynjreHHe apMHH, niTadN 0Ka3ajrHCB 6eo Kapx,
KeoosHAaiiHHM
jzjih

GojibttEeBHKOB,

o^eBHAHo, dHjro h peiireHHe

TiiTJiepa HanacTb na CCCP jreTOH 1 9/j/l roAa, neos:HAaHHi^E Chji h can ashb imna.ji.eium. Ecjth o pemeHHH THTJiepa iia^aTB BoMny b

58

1 9i(.1

cyiiejin

ro#y do^tBiueBHKH h moivih 3HaTB, to ashb HanafteHEa HeimH coxpaHHTt b xa^He*

[ y3Haj[ o Bofine b HjiTe, b TypncTCKOM ftoi.se yHHTejin. KaK HacTo <5HBaeT b ;ich3hh, rojlvo oncHftaenoe npnxoftHT BHeaanno. H npHexaji b KpsM 17 hiohh. IIodHBa^ b Pyp3y#e, AnyniTe, AjiynKe, noflHHMaacH Ha AM-IIeTpH. OftHHM cjiobom, npoBOftHjr fteHb, KaK npoBOft#T hx b Kpnny pnftoBHe cOBeTCKHe rpaxcftane, npnexaBiane no TypncTCKoM nyreBKe. B ftoMe xypHCTa ocTaHaBJiHBajiHCb cothh h6.*l, JIOBeK H3 pa3HHX KOHHOB CTpaHH. B CTO-ttOBOftj B KJiytfe, B HHTUtfbHe, B C0BM6CTHHX nOe3ftKaX no KpHMy JSIOftK 3HaKOMHJIKCb (5jdH>Ke* TOBOpHJIH H nOJTHTHKe, H BOHHe, HO He Haiue, H6M Bcerfta - o

BOffHe.

22 HioHa ftenb HanaacK, KaK o<5hhho: KaKne-xo rpynnn noeHhkhthhckhm caft, KaKHe-TO b JtaaftHiOj dojibiiraH KonnaHHfl OTnpaBusacb neuiKOK b ropH. ILehjkh necTpejiH sceiicKHMH HapaftaKH. KaK scerfta, njiecKajiocb o deper Mope, KaK Bcerfta, CBeTHJio apKoe KpHMCKoe cojrHiie... nocjie rofla TasceJtoit, nepBHOH padoTH, OTftHxa^iH, nojtb3yacb jieTHHK oTnycKOM. KaHceTCfl, jtioah 3adHBajiH nopoK h o 6ojiLiireBZ3Me. Bo bcakom cjiynae, ra3eT hhkto ho hktuti nocjieftHKe nojiuTHHecKze H3BecTna no paftHo He cjiyiiiaji*
xajia b

Okojio naca aha h 3aureji b KJiyd floxia TypHcra. V paftHO npneMHUKa chaojio HeCKojibKo Me^oBOK* BupaaceHae hx Jinn, mho noKa3a^00b CTpaHHHTi.
-

HftHTe ciofta,
.

oeiHac Mojiotob dyfteT roBopisTB.

1

Mto-to

BOJKHOe.

mto xaii MoxceT dHTb BaacHoeJ - noftyMaji a, - h bhmsji H3 Kjiyda. A noxoM cjiobho mto-to bcitomhhji. OnpoBepsceHHe TASC, MOM HeftaBHH^ BH30B B BOeHKOMaT H HSUlO npHHTHafi pe30JIK>U,HH B0 eHHoro KOMHccapa: v Ro ocodoro pacnopaaceHHa". H BepHyjica. OrnpHBaa ftBepb, ycjiuwajt 3aHKaiomH!!cH rojioc MojioTOBa:
"Hy,
.
.

EomCjwih HaiUH ropofta:

1

KneB, fcroMHp, CeBacTono^Ebi

CHfteBUiHe y paftHonpnei,;HHKa cjiywajiw. c HanpasiceHHHiiH, 6jiennmm jinqaHH. HeHHoro b cTopono, Ha ftiiBaHe. jiezzQjia. b otfMopoKe wemmma, Ee odMax^BajrH hocobhhh njiaTKaMH ftBoe, no BHemHeMy BHAy HHOCTpaHqH: sa noji^aca ao pe^H MojiotoIIojibiuH npzexa^a He to KaKaa-TO ftej[erautHa, He to rpynna 3KCKypcaHT0B, IIpHBeftH B MyBCTBO CBoio cnyTHHuy h ne flocjiyiiraB MoJIOTOBa, OHH dpOCHJTHCB Ha HBT0C5yCHyK> CTaHKHIO. ^)Hft Jill y/uuiocb nonacxb b poftHHe uecTa: ysee k BeMepy pacnpocTpaHmrcs
ffl.i

Bot-ohoJ Hanajrocb.

Ba H3

N?

58

cjiyx.

HacTyrmeHHH HeMijes, o npopHBe

cjbp'oHTa

h nepBHx TaHKO-

BHX KJimihRX.
R Tose OTnpaBHJic^ Ha aBTO(5ycHyio cTaHUHio. HyacHo 6kuio cneiUHTB aomoM, Bo-nepBHX, Morvrn 3flecB see ko(5HJiH30BaTb b apMHIO, BO-BTOpHX, He 61HJ10 HHKaKOH yBepeHHOCTH B TOM, ^TO He npenpaTHTGH naccaacwpcKoe cooGiueHHe,

ch

ABTodycnyio CTaHiinio ocaacaajiH cothh jnop,e%* cjiy^camHa CTaHutHH OTBenajiH oaho h to ace:

Ha Bee paenpoMojkst 6htb

- TpancnopT peKBK3HpoBan apMHeS, oaBTpa nycTHT.

IIoao)K"aht6,

A Ten BpeMeHeM memo npoHocHJiHCb oahh 3a ftpyrHM aBTOtfyHafiHTHe KOMaHflnpaMH. IIpHCTaHb, rfle ocTaHaBJiHBajiHCL napoxoah, xoAHBume MextAy EaTyMOM k O^eccoM, Tojxe sanpyAH^a thchhHan TOJEna: TermoxOA "A<5xa3Hfl", nieAuruft b OAccy, fipocHJi ^Kopt b 5taTe. naccaacnpaM odtflBiuiH, ^r o AajibHetfniHe peacH TermoxOAOB
cHj
OTMeHHIOTCfl.

nonHTaTb cnacTte b BoeHKOMaTe, 3Aecb rtapmia aTMOC^epa nOJIHOH paCTepflHHOCTH. HeCKO^LKO HGJlOBeK KOMEHflHpOB 3anaca HBmiHCb no noBecTKaM: hx yjice BH3Ba7iH. Bti3BajrH h HecKOJlbKO HeJIOBeK, HMeBUIHX OTCpO^IKy, O^HH H3 hhx cnopMjr c BOCHHHM C AByMH KyC5HKaMK" B neTJIHire, CHAHIUHM 3a OOJIBKIHM CKTOJIOM, CIIHHOM K OTKpHTOMy OKHy, OTKyAa AOHOCHJICH B3BOJIHOBaHHEIH UTyM tojiiih Ha npHcxaHH h cosceu mhphhS pokot Mopfl. CdoKy ot CTOjia cToaji HejroseK, no BHAy npo$coio3HHM paCoTHHK, h Hai.repeHHo rpoMKo roBopHJi o n noAJioM Bpare, HapyurHBiueM Hauru CBfimeHHHe py<5eHCH \
51

peniHJi

,r

IlpOiJfpadOTHHK npHIliejT,
ijeM.

Ha Hero nocMOTpejrn
-

0Ka3HBaeTC, 3aiIHCaTbCtf AOtfpOBOJIbHecKpHBaeMHM jhoGoiihtctbom.

A ceMbfl ecTb?

cnpocHJi kto-to,
- ro6slbkji

- Hex, xojioctak. fla Bee pasno ecab B03bMyT, OH HeOSCHflaHHO H He rpOMKO.

Bee 3ayjEHCajiHCb.

TepoK 0Ka3ajrc*i ne HacTo&mHM.

Cnop y CTojia okohhhjich, ft noAOiirejr k BoeHHOMy, Rejian bha, mto oneHb cneury, hto mhc adoojinoT'EO hokotae*
-

ToBapHin BoeHKOM,

3aroBopHJr h KaK mosho yfieAHTejrbHeM

58

h o"HCxpee, htoCh He flaxb ei-ry onoMHHTbca, - h ho BopoHe;:ca.^ac na3afl nojiy^nji xejierpaMMy. CneuiHO BH3HBaex BoeHKOMax, Bhexaxb, KaK bk 3naexe, rpaacflaHCKOMy Jinny HeT HHKaKOH bo3Mohhocth. fl roBopiwi y::ce Ha asxodycHolt cTaHUHtf. Moechq cecTb b BoeHHidt aBxotfyc, ho ajis 3topo -HywHO Banre pacnppnxceHHO. Bot moS BoeHHHH dHJieT. Bot nacnopx,

BoeHKOM CMOTpHT Ha M6HS HeCKOJIbKO MrHOBeHHft, nOTOM, He ivmah b Mott BoeHHHS 6M6T h He cnpauiHBaa TejierpaKim, KOTOpoH a, KOHe^HO, ne nojiynaji, nmtieT hxo-to na k^omkb 6yMartf*
-

auHJiira,

hms,

rofl

poscAennn.

H roBopio.
-

IIoesacaitTei

CnacHdo, TOBapwm BoeHKOM.

H aBxofiycHoM cxaHUHH acay He rojito. Koraa no/jxoflHT onepeAHofi aBToCyc, naxpyjib, nponycKajomuM EoeHHHx k aBxo6ycaM, wejibKOM B3ivrHyB b npoTHHyTyio hhob) (SyMaascKy, nponycKaeT MeHH k oTKpHToS ABepn aBXO<5yca
rf

Mgct Hex, Bee 3aHaT0,

pa3flaioTCH oxTy^a rojioca ko-

MaHA'KpOB.
-

y moh& cneiimoe,*- roBopio a HerpoMKo

H3 BoeHKOMaxa, cne&HO.e.r
-

naTpyjiio.

kphhht oh b aBxoCyc,

lKo$ep
yoaacHBaiocij

nponycKaex MeHfl. MecT, aeEcTBHTejiBHo HeT, h h b npoxo#e Ha cboM MeMOAan,

B Ajiyiuxe aBTodyo ocxaHaB^HBaex BoeHHHft naTpyJife. JIhao jreMxeHaHTa, na^aj[bHHKa naxpyjin, HeodHHanHO cocpeAoxoneHO. Oh 3arvi#HBaex b aBXO0*yc, OMHflHBaeT KOKaHflHpoB BHHMaTejrtHHM BdrjiH^oM h ocxaKaBJiHBaeTCfl Ha MHe:
-

A 3T0 KTO? H Koji^y,

11

BHscHtfaio.

3xo H3 BoeHKOMaxa, - tobopht ewy KOMaHAHp c ByM# "umajiaMH , chahuihk y BepH. - Hg Hjixh.

r
m
58

- Aral - noHHiiaiome roBopHT BOHHCTBeHHHM jiewTeHaHT.HK. MoEcexe exaTb.

ABTOdyc TporaeTCJi*
n KaK Ha q^poHTe.
1

pa3AaeTc&

C3a/!;H

ueHK nojiyHacMeuuni-

bhm rojioc.
fleMctBHTe^ibHo,

KaK Ha c^poHTe.

Bo BpeMH OTCTynji-eHHfl.

MaraOHHOB oMepeAH* na
B HOBOMj HHH.
BVIRVIMO

CHMcf)eponojTb BHrjrHAejr oiicHE^ceHHee, neu He^ejuo Ha3aA.-.y yjiHijax rpynnta BoeHHtix. Bot npoiuejr B3BOA

TOJIBKO HTO oAeTOM,

HerJtafteHHOM odMyHAHpoBa-

HecTpofimiMH rojiocaMH,

neMajrBHHMH jinqaMH, KpacHoapMefi-

UH

nejiH:

B do if 3a PoftHHy B (5oM 3a CxajiHHa. B XaptKOBe a flejiajr nepeca^Ky. ITpoGHJi y cbohx Apy3eM ABa ahh. y-xe npinujiH c cfrpoHTa nepBHe rpO3HH0 BecTH: HeMD;H coKpyutHJiH jihhjiio oGopOHH COB6TCKHX apMni! h HacTynaiar no Bceuy $poHTy. CoeeTCKHe ^acTH nacTKHHo OTCTynaioT, ^acTHHHO
CAaioTCH b rwreH. CBeflemisi c cJpoHTa o*HCTpo npoBMncajiH rviyCoKO B TbUI. H COBepIlieHHO HCHO nOMHK), KaK MH c mohm /jpyroM CHA^JIH naA napTOH h odcy^AajiK Bonpoc o tom, KorAa hcmuh 6yp,y? b XapbKOBe, IIoMHHTCfl, ^to KOHeu. asrycTa Mecsqa cHHTajrn HaHt5o.* Jiee BepoflTHoM AaToM. TaKHe TOTAa 6wim HacTpoeHHs, Tanaa yBepeHHOCTB b ckopom KpymeHHH 6ojihweBnQu&,
. .

3-ro hkweh 1 9L|.1 roAa CxajiHH npoH3Hec no paA^o pent, koTopyra c nanpjiaceHHHM BHHMaHneM cjiynrajEa ech CTpana- npepHBaioiiuihch rojioc, 6yjihK&mie boah, CTyK 3y6oB o cTaKaH, HeoscHflaHHoe otfpameHHe "BpaTba h cecTpa ... nocjte 3Tog penn CTajiHHa CTajio jicho: 6ojrbirreBH3M na Kparo nponacTH, 6ojrbineBHKH h com CTajiHH pacTepOTHCb, no3&e hm yAajrocb cnpaBHTbCH c nojioaKeHHeM, OTCTyiuieHHe neMiteB noA MockboS b HosCpe-AeKadpe KBHJiocb noBopoTHHf.1 nyHKTOM b BOMHe. Ho TorAa, b HiQJie z b aBrycTe, 6ojibiiEGBH3M 6wi Ha Kpaio nponacTH, B co3HaHHH HapoAa pyxHyji mh$ o Henode^HMocTH i5ojrbnieBH3Ma, 3aKOjieo*aj[HCb h caiin do^Biiro11

bhkh, Aasce caMHe HAe&HNe*

C (JpoHTa wjivl see HOBHe h HOBHe cjiyxK o pa3rpoMe u,ejiux apMHH, o cAane b mien coren thcah nejroBeK. Ceoakh CoBHH$opMdiopo coo(Jjrra.)iH KaaAHM a^hb o naAeHHH KpynHHx ropoAOB. ^to(5h

58

-10

CoBHHtJ>opM6rcpo DBe^io

ckphtb paoMepK nopaaceHHE, o&ithphoctb ocTaBjieHHHx xeppHTopira, oco6u% TepMHH - ''Hanpaa^eHHe'^

H He Clui Ha ftpoHTe. Bcio BTopyio nojiOBHHy 19U^ HonepByio nojioBZHy 1 9J+2 p. h npose^r b BopoHeae. tom, hxo npoHcxoAHJio'Ha cjponxe, 3Haio no paccnaGaM o^eBHAqeB, o^nqepoB h cojeAax KpacHOH apMHH.
<ppoHT b 1 9I4.I rofly - 3TO ocotfan TOMa, h b cBoeS paCoTe na new He <5y#y ocTanaEjiHBaTBCfl noApo6Ho. H KOCHycB (JrpOHTOBtDC COo'HTHH' TOJiBKO HOXOMy, HXO OHH OTpaSJUTHCB Ha IIOJIOECeHHK b 3aHHTHX HeMqaMH odjiacxax. 0KpyKceHUH , HanpHMep, x.e* xe KOMaH^HpH h KpacHoapMeffuH, KOTopne nonasajrH b OKpyjjieHHe, c oahoS cTOpoHH, nonojiHftjTH p^ah napxH3aH, c #pyroE CXOpOHH, utjtk b cejia h ropo^a, pacxBop^JiHCB b cpe&e mhphhx ECHxejEen, AocTaBajiH AOKyMeHTH, Ha^HHajiH paCoxaxB, MHorne wjivl b (J)opMHpyKHUHeca: floCpoBOJiBiecKHe aHTHKOMMyHHCTiraecKHe ox^bjih, b mscTHOe caMoynpaBjieHHe, cxaHOBiwiHCB ytfescAeHHHMH &HTtt6ojihweBviff.
r!

,r

KaMBC,

Bot paccKa3 ORnaro H3 oicpynceHqeB, np.HHHMaBiirero aKTHBHoe ynacTHe b opraHH3au,Hi<i MecTHHx caMoynpaBjreHHii h AoCpo BOJibHecKHX nacTeM B EpflHCKOM oKpyre.
Mosi ^acTB nonajra b OKpy&eHHe He&uieKQ ot TpyGneBcica. HeMiiH noflxoflHJEH ysce k EpsHCKy, rcljioko b Hauien Tmiy^ c Mra ohh tomco npopBa^iHCt AaJieKo na boctok, F&e coMKHyn

hx HacTynaKauHe nacTH, mh tohho h He 3Ha*aH* Cbh3b noTepana He tojibko co uiTatfoM- apMHH, ho h co urxa6 OH AHBH3KK. TlOJIK Haiti / Si KOMaH ROBQ.JI 6 aT&JlhOHOM/ T&KJl Ha rjiaoax. Bee ypOEceHuH Op^eobckoM, HepHnroBCKOf* h spyPHX OfijiaCTOH, 3aHHTHX HeMqaMH, pa30IUJIHCb no flOMaM. BMecTe c hhmh yxo^HJiH hx APysBH b pac^exe Ha to, mto cMoryT rfle-HHfiyA^ ycTpoHTBCH. HacxB KpacHoapneiiqeB xosl. xejia npocxo nonacTB b mreH, ho HenqeB no(5jrH30CTH He 6hjio. Hx kojiohhh npouucH ceBepHee h raHee. Tojibko HeCojrbiuas nacxB KOMaHAHpoB bo rjiaBe c KOMaHAHpoM nojnca k HecKOjrBKo necaTKOB KpacHoapMenqeB peuiKjm npo6HpaTBc$i Ha BOCTOK. y MeHH JTHMHO He 6WIO HHKaKOTO KeJiaHKH 3amHlUaTB 6OjrbllieBHK0B. /la, 43 3HaJI, ^TO HAST HH0 3eMHHS BpaTj ho a, Kan h MHorae spr^a, HaAe^Jic^, hto HeMqn 6yAyT doPOtbcjt npoxHB CTajiKHa, a He npoTHB pyccKoro napoAa, hto HeMqH noMoryT HaM ocbo(5oahtbch. BTpoeM, mh 3aAepaajiHCB b He6ojLhwon ce^ie, Ha #ecHe, nepeoAeJiHCb, noxoM npoCpaJTHCB B EpHHCK, PA y MGHtf 6ttXiL ApySBflT. H HO^y^HJT AOKyugjixh, np^HfTjr y*in^Tiio b opraHH3aqHH AOOpoBCjTBHecKoro
jfaGh dHJia

"

r
w
58
1

cSaTajTBona, flsa ro^a BoeBajr npOTUB napTHoaH, KoHeHHo, 6huiK MHHyTH TJiacejiHX KOJte5aHHH. Be#b mh CKopo yOeAtuiHCb, *ixo HeitfUN irpmujiKC He QCBotfoscAaTh Ham HapoA ox Co^biueBKSMa, a 3aBoeBaTB ce6e TaK HasHBaeMoe EcHOHeHHoe npo-

cTpaHCTBo. Ho h peiHHji hth no pa3 yace H36paHH0My nyTH, Bce-TaKH rfle-To b rviydHHe &yuiVL Teujiymaoh Hafle^Aa: pasodbeM c Hermann CTajiHHa, a hotom nocHHTaeMCH c Het,mamh. He flaflHM mi Pocckh, He cMOryT ohh ee nopa60THTb xaK, KaK CiajiHH nopatfOTiui.
Ecjih 6h KpacHoapMeifrjaM, CA&BUiHMca b mreH, HeiiqH R&jm opyscne - ahh SojiBiireBHCTCKoro. pexcmxa Ghjth 6h eonxeHH* HeMHH

He TO^ibKO He AajEH opyxcM, ohk nocaAHJiH 3a KOjiio^yio npoBOjioKy h b TeneHHe 3HMH 1 rojioflOM 6ojEburyio nacTb hx.

l\.

MiuuiHOHa njieHHHX 9M ~k^ foa& HCTpeCHJiH

Eeunu zgyx

TjiyfiOKO

nenpaBH xe, kto rosopaT, hto HacejieHHe CCCP

1

)KAajio HeMn.eE. He HeMueB ac^ajio, a yxo^a GojibiiieBHKOB. }^>yirreHHfl GojibiiieBH3Ma xcAajrH jimah, a He ycxaHOBjieHHn riwrepoBCKoro "ho-

Boro nopHAKa UoumJiajm, ^yBCTBOBajiH, hto KAeT Epar Pocchh HHOceMHHH Bpar, - h Bce-TaKH jsasjih yxo^a CojrbiueBKKOE, BparoB BHyTpeHHHX, rOp^HO HSHaBHAHMHX.
'

IIpHxoAa HeMneB ace imejift c abosekhm nyBCTBOM: HaflejxAH h CTpaxa, Ho, KasceTcn, nepBoe ^yscTBO sarjiymajio see ocTajibHoe, 3xo ^yBCTBo BHpaxoJiocb cjioBaMHr "Xysce He dyAeT '. He MorjiH jikah npeAcraBHTb ce6e, mto Moncex CHXb xyse, hsm npn CojibiireBHKaX.
1

OKCHA&HHe boKhh BOo6me He 6bUio CB^3aH0 c KaKOK-TO onpe-

KaKHM-xo onpeAe^eHHHM HapoAOM. flo 1930 BOHHe c repwraHHeft 3aroBopHJiH " roAa HaAe^JtHCb Ha <paHutfio. nocjie npKxOAa k BJiacTH Pnxjiepa, nocjie nepBHX aHXKKOMMyHHc - ^ THMeCKHX BHCTSnUIOHHft THTJiepOBCKHX BOaaKOB. UpH OXOM, HHKaKOH CHMnaxKK k 9xhm BpscaKaM hhkxo He rniTajt, HAeojrorHK kx He pasHaqwcxcKOH. HAeojrorHH SHajrn xojtbKO no coBexcKoS neAejuwu HaTH, H HHKaKHX nOjioaHTeJIBHHX OTKJTHKOB OHa hh y Koro He MorJla BH3BaTb. BjIH3KOe 3HaKOMCTBO C "HAeOJlOrHe^" Hami3Ma BH3Bajio eme <5ojiee oxpnuaxejibHoe k Heft OTHOiueHne. Bo Bpeita kojijieKXHBH3annH, KorAa repMaHHfl He npeACTaBJi^jra cotfoft MoutHoft aHXH<5ojibuieBHCTCKOft chjih, KorAa HeMeuKHe HHexpyKTOpa ody^rajiH Ha cOBexcKHX aapoApoMax coBeTCKHx jrex^KKOB, roBopiwiH o bhcaAKe aHrjinKcKHX AecaemoB b HoBopoccaMcHe, Koxopne aojischh npHATH Ha IIOMOIUb BOCCTaBUrHli KydaHCKHK CTaHHUaM.
AejieHHoff cxpakofi, .0

58

12

H Bce-TaKH BOKHy KflajiH, Ha HeMneB pacCHHTHBEutu, KaK

t> hj

CHjry ocBOdoflHTejiBHyK). He BepiwiH, ^to HeMUH npsmyT GaBoeBnBaTB, nopadomaTB Pocchio, CoMHeHHfl cTapajiHCB racHTB b ce<5e:
THMCejIO

dl&EO

paCCTaBaTBC^T C

HSLRezHROft ,

KOTOpoS

ECHJIH

MHoro

jreT.

BnojiHe noHHTHo, ^to He Bee Hace^eHHe, GeQ BcaKoro hckjiMeHna, 3KAa^o bohhh c HaAesKAoif Ha ocBodoacAeHHe. Botaa, KaK BCflKaa sofea, Hecjia dojiBimae CTpaflaHgji h DjcepTBsu HaKOHen.j camo npaBsmee MeHBHTHHCTBO, b Chtobom h napxafiHOM miane CBH3aHHoe c GojibureBHOKOKj, HHKaK He Morjio scflaTt BoMHy c nyBCTBOM Hafle^cflji Ha jry^niee dyAymee; dtoh rpynne soMna Hecjia cHepTejrBHyro-yrpo3y.

B BOnpoce OTnomeuHH k BOHHe Hace^eHSie agjihjiocb Ha hgckojibko KaTeropHfi, KOTopHe ycjioBHO mokcho dKuro cSh oxapaKTePH30BaTB TaK^
ITpaBsmee iieHbWKHCTBo, Ha KOTopoe nenocpeACTBeHHO oni-ipaeicfl npaBstiuafl K^KKa - Bucuree napTHMHoe pyKOBOflCTBO, no^TH Bee BHcmee coBeTCKoe pyKOBOACTBO, pyKOBOACTBO HKBfl h nacTB paCoTHHKOB HKBfl - pecnyfijiKKaHCKoro h odJiacTHoro MacurTada, cTpauiHjiocB TO&e HeyAanHoro Hcxo^a boHhh.
-

UapTHSHLM H C0B6TCKHB aKTHB BOOdllje, HUCTh decnapTHfthhx, oaHHi/iaBmHx oTBeTCTBeHHHe nocTK b npoMHiiuieHHOCTH, ropoflckhx opranax ynpaEJEeHM h t.a- boMhh He xoTejrw h 6oHjmch ee.
-

HaCTpOeHHHe HO OTHOHieHHK K COJIBIIieBH3l;iy, CHHhto <5ojiBiireBHCTCKHM pe^cHM 3aimimaeT nHTepecn Pocchh boShh Tosce He xoTejiH.
-

JIoMflJIBHO

TaBiune,

Bpa;:c,n;e<5Ho

HacTpoeHHHe no OTHOuieHHio k dojrBiueBH3My,

npoTKB

yde>KAeHHHe aHTHdojubttiedojiBiireBKOMa, HaxoAHBHine< sth nyTH, dopoBiUHecji, naccHBHHe,anojiHTH^HKie odHBaTejin - Bee sAajiH bohhh, &AajiH KpyureHiwi dojiBnreBH3Ma.

ydexcAeHHijie aHTHdojibHreBHKH, naccHBHHe, bhkh aKTHBHHe, tiCKaBiuHe nyTeK dopbdn

Ha satiHTHX HeinjaMH TeppuxopHax ocTaBajEHCb He tojibko noTouy, mto xoxejiii npHHHTb aKTHBHoe ynacTHe b dopBde npOTHB
doj[BineBH3Ma. Akthbho Oopojioch h McAajco B03MO>icHOCTeS doptdH othioab He noAaBjiHK)mee do^tiirHHCTBO. naccHBHaa, ano^HTH^Han Macca, aHTHdojiBiiieBHCTCKH b odmeM HacTpoeHHa^, ocTaBajiacB h no npHHHHaM dHTOBoro xapaKTepa: oahh He xoxejin dpocaTb cod-GTBeHHHe AOMa, odacHTHe MecTa, Apyrne ne hoiuik ocxaBHTB dojib-

hhx
>:<ktb

ewth

cxapHKOE, TpeTBH Boodme cTpeMjuiHCB nepejKAaxB, nepecTpan/Hoe BpeMs, yi^ejteTB, OAHaKo; bch' sxa Mace a dHjra Ha"

CTpOdia BCe-TaKH aHTHdOJIBIireBHCTCKH, IiacCHBHO aHTHCOJIblUeEHCTCKH

r
FT?

58

B /jepeBHe scaojih "repaiaHija", He CKpHBan Aa&e ceohx Ha3a peAKHM HCKJHoMeHneM, AepeBHH He oBaKynpoBajiacb. Tojih#e;:cA ko b Tex Mecxax, rfle ocfaHaBjrHBajicH $poht h ctohji HeKOTOpoe B'peMH, HHorAa BoeHHoa K0MaHOBaHKe ycneBajio aBaKynposaTb echTeJieB. Ecjih oBaKynpoBaHHHX ycneBajiK noca#HXb b 2ce.ae3HOAopo3KHHe cocTaBH - hx yBoaHJiH* Ecjike osaKyHpoBaJTH Ha noflBOAax h neuiKOM - KpecTbaHe pacxOAHJiHCb no OjiHKcafiiiiHM tujiobhm Aepesa nocjie x.oro, Kan cf>poHT nepeKaTNBajrcji nepe3 hhx, BpamajiHCb b poflHHe cejra,
HflMj

B0 3-

npwxoAe Heimes roBopHJiH otkphto, roxoBHJiHCb k paaAejiy KOJIX030B*

TaK,
HHJT OCOC3

r^e cejibCKHe KOMttyHHcxH noiib30Ea,nHCb cpeAH nacejre6HHO AypHoE CJiaBoM, MOJICHO (5UJIO yCJIHIiiaTb OTKpHTHe

yrpo3H:
Box repManeq npKeT, xorAa AeM roBopKTt.
IIo
rata

hhmh no-ApyroMy

<5y-

pacnop#sceHHso BJiacxeM kojixosbi yroHHJiH kojtxo3hhM ckot

Ha BOCTOK, K0JIX03HHKH ECHHeCKH cadOTHpOECJIH OTnpaEKy CKOXa. HepeAKO OTiipasKy rypTOB CKOTa 3aAepMBa,7EH iioa bcjikhmh npeAjioraua ao uocjiep,nero MOMeHxa, norfla Kojixo3Hoe Ha<ajibcxBO caAHJiocb na jionrae^ h fieacajio Ha boctok. OcxaEJieHHtiS ckot AejiH^H, Ecjih ckot Bce-TaKH yroHHjiH^ ero cxapajincb 3aaepEcaTb no Aopore, npsTajiH b Jiecy. EojibiiraHCTBO ckototohob <5es;ajEO c AOpOTH Ha3aA AOMOfi,
Pa3ASJi kojixo3ob HaHKHajica cpa3y see noae yxo^a KpacHoK ApMHH, a b HeKOxopax Mecxax Rejivum eme xaK cKa3axb npH coBeTCKOK BJiacTH. flejiHJiH opraHH30saHo, nopoBHy. OGh^iho npH pa3ejie noAHHMajiCfl Bonpoc 06 HMymecTBe paCKyjra^eHHHX. B xex
cejiax, KyAa B03BpamajTHCb pacKyjianeHHHe, e&i oTAaBajujcb, ecjiti <5hjih qejiH, hx Aoiia, H3 kojixoghopo HMymecTBa BHAejinjicfr cejibCKOX03flKCTBeHHiblit HHBeHTapb, CKOT,

Kan a eo BpeMena KpecTbHHCKHx bojihchkh b nepnOA kojuibkTHEH3aiiHH, pa3&ejl KCJlXO3HOr0 HMymeCTBa HaHHHaJIH KeHlUHHH, 3aTeM k hhm npHCoeAHHMHCb Mysc^HHM. 3eMJiio Rejivum cawn MyXC^HHH.
B Hana^ie asrycxa 1 9L|_2 roa mhb npHiiwiQCb npoBecTH Heckojilko flHei! B dojibiitoM cejie Xoxoji, BopoHejxcKofi odJiacTH. IIpomejr Bcero iiecsq, KaK cejio 3aHHJia HeMeitKaa apMHfl, a schohb b HeM, HecMOTpn hq 6jiH30CTb 4>P 0HTa # TeKjia hkphhm nyxeM. PaCoxajid BOjrocTHoe ynpaEJieHne, b nojinrtHH 3a 6ojibwmt nHCbHeHHbiM

IF

$8

1Jj_

mhh,

ctojiom CHAejr rpo3HHfi iiaHa^tbHKK, c5HEiuHia KOMaHflHp KpacHOi-i aproTOBHJiEicb k ynedioMy rosy iHKOjia. KaK pao b to Epenn, KOr#a h C5lui b ceare, uura ydopna ypoKcan, B stom paKoHe Heiau* HacxynajiH TaK cTpe-KHTejiLHo, *ixo EJiacTH He ycnejiH 3BaKyHpoEaxb hh poraTWH ckot, hk jiomajieti, YPHajIH TOJlbKO MaCTb TpaKTOpOE*

KpecTbHue pacCKasNBajns, ^to xaK apy&Ho, kqk b 3Tom roAy ohh HHKorfla b KOJixooe He padoTajEH. Ypo^caw co6pa.EH, eScTEH TeJIbHO, B peKOp^HO KOpOTKHS cpOK, H, HeciiOTpfl Ha TO, HT0 dojibutyio nojioBHHy ero B3hjeh b KanecTEe EoeHHoro najiora HeMmi, KpecTbHHe nojiyH-ftjivi xjieda Cojituie, neM b caMue ypoacaftHiie ro/tbi npw (So^biueBHKax.
He Bes/je, OAHaK0 s pa3eji K0?ixo3Horo HMymecTEa npoxosmi rjia^KO. B HeKOTopHX necTax oh hockwi xapaKTep GeccucTeMHoro, HeopraiiH30BaHHoro pacxacKHBaHHs: HMymecxBa. B p^Ae Mecx pa3ZQJiy K0JEX030B npenHTCTBOEajiH HeMHH. TaK, Ha ynpaKHe, HanpaMep, b xex o^JiacxHX^KOTopHe cpa3y we nocjie hx eaHHTzn HeMi^ahh, otouhih b BefleHHe BOCTOHHOro KHHHCTepcTBa Poaenfiepra, BOCCTaHOBHJIH H yr.iO pa3AejieHHH& K0JTX03H. HeMHH paCCHHXETBajIH H H6 6&3 OCXfOBaHUfl, CSOJIblireEHCTCKHfl OnHT HM HtinOHHpOBajE ^ro nepe3 kojixo3h hm 6y&eT jier^e rpadHXB KpecTbnHCXBO.
Hsmiih coxpaHHjiH Ha ynpaHHe, b TaK HaQHBaeMOM Po.xckomhccapnaxe, Bee fiojibiueBHCTCKHe oaroTOEHxejEBHtie opraHHoauzH 3aroTCKOT, 3aroTCeHO, 3aroxi.:ojioKO h x,a> - nepe3 KOTopne no (5ojibiueBHCTCKoM rpadHTOEBCKpn cucxeMe EHKa^HBajiH H3 cejta npOAyKTH. HecKOTpa Ha sxo, Kpecxb^ne roBopHJin Ha YKpaHHe, hto npH Heiviuax ohh >icHByT .rryMiue - h, Ae&CTBHTejibHo, b i.iaTepHa^ibHOH oxHomeHHH ohh jryniire susuisl, no Tony mto ... HenueB jierne ofiMaHHBaTb. "THTJiep, - roBopHJin xoraa, - xo;:ce pa36owHHK, KaK H CTajIHH, HO VJtyUUS pa3(50HHHK
ir

H>

PopoA, KaK h aepesHtf, zznaji HenueB, b ropofle, KaK h b AepeBHe, xo;:ce npoKCXO^KJi pa3AJi. TojibKo 3^ecb jxejmjivi He njiyvvL h KopoB, a cjrHBo^Hoe Kacjio h MaHy6aKTypy. npo^yKTH h TOBapH pa3C5HpajIH H3 Mara3HH0E H CO CKJiaflOB C C03HaHHeM, ^TO 6epyT CBoe, Hapo^HOe AO<5po, npHcsoeHHoe nyscoH, aHTHHapo^Hoii
BJiaCTbK).

"HHnqHaTHEHLie rpynna"- ycTaHaBjrKEajiK o^tepeAK, cjESflEUEH 3a Tew, hto6h <3pajiH Bcero nopoBHy* TaK 6ujio, nanpHirep, b BopoHeMacjia. flBa hjih TpH "stejioBeKa, paxce npn flejiesce noAco^iHeHHoro <5oHHe cKJua^oB, aKKypaTHO bckpbuih Bee 6aKH, ojienRjijfi. sa tgm, hto6bi Macjio He paajiHBajrn Ha seMJiio. H3 o^epe^H pa3AaBajiHCb
o/iotfpKTejibHHe rojioca:

58

npaBMbHo, npaBHJiBHOi AKKypaTHee Ha^o.

Haure

se^B ao<5-

po, Hapo^Koe.

TaK ae opraHHOOBaHo pastfHpajrucb npOAYKTH H3 BoponesxcKoro xojiOAHJibHHKa. TaM Tozce b pa3Aa^e npoayKTOB uphhhmeuih ynacTHe paConze caMoro xojioflHjitHHKa,

yHHHToaeHHe dojrbineBKKaMH 3aBoaoB, #aGpHK, maxT, npoBOAHMoe no npHKa3y CTajrana BH3HBajro noBceMecTHoe BODMymemie padoHHx.
Tan b OKTHdpe 19^1 ro^a, Korffa Heima noAxoAHJiti k Mocke6, Ha 3aBOfle IP. 8, HM.KajiKHHHa, nanajiacb cnenmaa osaicyamwi o(5opyflOBaHHH, 3 ATOM <5NJIH 3aMHHHpOBaHH Bee ijexH 3aBOfla. MHHKpObeuh 3aBO^ canepHKe ^acTH f^acHOK apMKH. Kor^a pat5oHHe y3Ha^IH, HTO 3aEOA (5yAT B30pBaH, Ha 3aBOflCKOM ABOpe COCTOflJICfl MHOrOJIIOAHBIH MHTHHr, Ha KOTOpOM OpaTOpH H3 CpeflH CaMHX patfomhx e HHCJie Apyrux Tpe^OBaHKH, npeff&^EjreHHHx EjiacTHM, npeA^^BHJIH H TpedOBaHHe O TOM, VT06U 3aBOA 6WI HBUeRJieKKO pa3MHHHpOBaH. MHTHHr HOCKJT OCTpO nOJIHTH^OCKHH xapaKTep OTfleJIBHHe opatopn npH3HBajiH paOo^ax He ocTaHaBJiHBaTbcn Ha no^inyTH, He OrpaHHHHBaTbCH aKOHOMH^eCKHMH TpetfOBaHHJlMH, a OCpaTHTBCJI K COBeTCKOH BJiaCTbK). pa(50HHM APyrZX 3flBOA0B, HT-O0H nOKOHHHTb TpedoBaHHe o pa3MHHapoBaHHH oaBOAa 6wio B penax Bcex opaTOpoB: patfOTOe cMOTpejra Ha 3asoA, KaK Ha cboio cotfcxBeHHOCTb.
,

MHTepecHHe CBeAeniwi coo<5maeT C. H. Map^eHKO, b&c rynzBitaiH b ^OHfiacce,, b cBoe BpeMtf na npoqecce KpaB*ieHKO, o co<5htk#x TOSKe b OKTHdpe 19^1 r, , KorA* Henna noAXOAHJiz k BopoimmoBrpaAy. Ehjio 3to b nocejiKe EKc-KpHBopos&e.
"Mae, Kan 3aBeAyramew:y npogyKTOBOH tfasofi, Cujio a&ho pacnopnaceHHe ot HMenz cenpexapfl pafrKOMa 3aropaiiKO o tom, ^to(5h a hh oahopo rpaMMa npoAyKTOB ne BHAaBaji nacejieHHio. Kanajica. noxoA. B to see BpeMH caMH KOMMyHKCTH CpajiH c tfa3H npoAy^TH b HeorpaHH^eHHOM KOjEHHecTBe h rpy3HJIH B CTOHBUTHe Ha CTaHUHH COCTaBH, B KOTOpHX flCHStHH 6HJIH <5HTb 3BaKyHpOBaHH HX CeMbH, dwQJLOW. C KOMMyHHCTaMH Ceijih ocTanoBJteHEi HacejieHHeM Ha cxaHuHH EpnHKa,

B npjiyTopax EepcTax ot CTaHUHH 3ice^e3HOAopo;icHoe nojiotho 3aBajTHJTH iirnajiaMH. IlepBuS sureJioH Epe3ajicji b hhx h maxxepoK 0T(5npajiH y Cerjauux cTaji. TojinH uraxTepoB KomiyHHCTOB narpadJieHHEie hmh npoAyKTH z TyT sice fle^HJEH.
is.

CaKHX KOl/iMyHHGTOB

T05C6 Bbl^paCHBaJIH H3

BarOHOB

'-16

nOAPOTOBKe K B3pHBy UiaXTN 18 OKTH^pH OtSiJlO H3EeCTH0 b 12 aha rpynna cojiAaTOK, >:ceH moBHC-KpHBoposcbe. Haooe <5HjrK30BaHHHx uraxxepoB, npopeajiacB Ha AEop maxTH, rp,e KOMMyHHCTH H CaiiepH rOTOBHJJH BQpHB 11IQXTH. KOMMyHHCTH 3aHBHJiH iiraxTepKaM, hxo maxxa BQpHBaeTCH no pacnopH>icehhk) npaBHTejibCTBa. B OTEeT H3 tojhin pasAajiHct HeroAylomire kphkh. Tojina Bee pocjra, B Heft 6hjiq yace MHoro MyxcMHH.
npH maxTe Bac-KpHBopOKbe cymecxBOBajia ropHo-cnacaTejibHOH GTaHi^HH, nepcoHaji KOTopon HMeji "cipoHio" h He <5ew nocjran Ha (JjpoHT. Tojiua noTpec5oBajia, mto(3h cnenHOEHCTH H3
ropHO-cnacaiejiBHoii cxaHifHK HeMeAJieHHO pa3MHHHpoBcuzrH inaxxy,
BacimKia KopxceBoft co obohm HanapHHKOM OjreKHHKOBHM npocbdy Hapofta, Ohh cnycTttTEHCb b maxxy, pa3MHHHpoBajin ee, 3axeM pasMHHHpoBOEH xo3HKcxBeHHHS flBop 5 KorAa TyAa H3 maxTH <5hjto BHC5poiueaEO okojeo tohhh AHHaMHxa.
BunojimuniL

B naca aha, Toro rce 18 okts^ph, xojrna jvpmuia k moeMy ciwtaAy h noTpetfoBajra mucin ot cKjiaAa, KznoiH a ysice cflaji BjiacTflM, noGTOMy ABepH CKJiaAa bujiomqjivl, JIjisi pacnpeAejieHHa npOAyKTOB TyT site BHtfpajrn komhcchio. K Beiepy CKjraA Qun. nycT, Komhcchh peuiHjra, ^10 npoAyKTH HaAO He npocTO pacnpeASJiflTb, a npOAaBaxb no TBepauM uenaM, B pe3yjtbTaTe komhccha nepeAajia MHe noA pacnHCKy 1 1 086 pytfjieft, KOTopare a npwaJt, hg shrh, hto c hhmh AejEaTb.
I4.

KorAa k 3aAa.x Bonpoc komhcchh,

MH, OAHH H3 pa<50*HX OTBeTJLff
:

ht o A^JiaTb

A^Hbraj,

HoBaa BJiacTb tfyAeT

eS h cAauib.

K coHcajxeHHK), Oo^biueBHKH ywjix ot nac TojibKO nepep toa. BacKJinK Kopjsesoft 6wi paccTpejiHH, ho HapoA QTBerHJi Ha 3TO JKeCTOKOr 18 VSJIOBeK KQMMyHHCTOB 6win cxaB^eHH H c6poiueHH 19 OKTHdpn b ropfliuyio uraxxy, KOTopyio Ee^epoM
1

8-ro Bce-TaKH B3opB&EH

B pacCKaae

f1

C. H. ItfapieHKO

odpamaeT Ha ce6a

BHHi-iaHHe

cBHAe-

jejEBCTBO O npOtfBJUeHHH OpraHH30BaHHQCXH,

npaBOTH, co3HaHHe, HapoAy.

C03HaHKfl HapOAOM CBOeS mxo nocxpoeHHoe pynaMH HapoAa npHHaAJieHCKT

He Menee nHxepecnoe CBHAexe^rbCTBO a HMeio o npoaEjieHHH xaKoM 3K6 opraHH30EaHHOCTH e flHenponeTpoBCKe. IlepeA Tew, KaK ocxaBHTb ropoAj 6ojrbiireBHKH B3opBajiH h noAOaKMH MHorne npeAnpimTHji, b tom MHCJie noAOKrjiH x^iedo3aBOA.

^8

Ctopokc oaEOAa, ^ejroBeK anneis. npn tfojibiiieBHKax He npoHBscHBymsix no6JiH3ocTH paSon^x 3aE0Aa h jihbhihh cg6h, codpajr BMecTe c hhmh noracHJi no&ap h cnac 3aBOA.

Bee 3T0 npoKcxoAKJio, Korfla b ropoae He 6ujio hh OojihiueBHKOB, HH HeMtieB, He 6UJIO HHKaKOH BJiaCTH, ropOA nOKZ^a^H nocjieflHue, apbeprapAHHe ^acTH KpacHbS apMHH. BuBiirafi CToposc aaBOfla, cnaciunS 3aBQA, cxaji npn Hemjax flnpeKTopoM. Oh OKa3&.JtC$l He3aypflAHHM aAMHHHCTpaTOpOM.

Tanne cjiy^an He npeflcxaBJiHJiH co6oft HCKJiioHeRitai* CxpeMjieHHe cnacTH HapoAHoe AOCTOHHHe HatfjnoAajioc* noBcioAy* tojibko e oahhx MecTax ohh npHHHMajro aKTHEHHe $opMH: patfOHHe, asSctehTejrbHo, cnacajiH cboh 3aB0AN h <j>aGpHKH; b Apyr^x MecTax B03MymajiHCB, HeroAoeajiH, ho HHHero He npeflnpHHHMajiH. Hhkto h HHrAe He conyBCTBOBajE npoz3BOflHMOMy yHH^To&eHHK HapoAHoro
AOCTOHHHJI.

B phas MecT, OAHaKO, nocjie yxoAa KpacHoft apMzn h nepea BciynjieHzeM HenaeB h b nepBHe ahh nocjie 3aHHTHH ropoAa HeMUOMH, npoHcxoAHJio MaccoBoe pacxumeHze npOAyKTOB h TOEapoB H3 yuejieBiirax Mara3HHOB h cKjraAOB. B 9T0M pacxwmeHHH opomeHHHX 6ojnffieBHKGMH npoAyKTOB h TOBapoB npHHHMaji yMacTHe nOHTH Bees h patfoHze, k cjiy>icamne, h HHTejuinreHuttH. ropoA:
K3 GKJiaAOB n Mara3HHOB paG<5zpUitf Bce 5 hto tom ocTajiocb; npoAyKTH nzxaHiM, oaeseAy* Metfejib, roTOBHe vafrejma. h nojiy$a6pHtcaTN, ofiyBb h fiejibe, Koscy h npsxy.

Bot y XapbKoecKOro naccaBa cotfzpaeTCfi lojina. Kto-to yssce npoHHK BHyTpb, B3JioHaB ABepH. Oahh 3a ppyvjm BHXOAJ5T oxTyAa judAB c iiojihhhh MeiHKaMH. CKopo iiojikh naccasea onycTe.ra. 0no3AaBiirHe cotfHpaioT ocxaTKH. Bot H3 OKHa nepBoro oTaxca npHraeT nejioBeK c fletCKKM 30HTHKOM b pyKax. Ha mee y Hero cBHOKa CapaHOK. 3a hkm noKa3asaeTcs Apyroz;; b pynax y Hero HecKOjiBko 6jtujiok coBeTCKoro uraMnaHCKoro.
-

Ectb neM coBeTcnyio BjracTt

nofcwiHyTb,

IIOKOiaHHLty

KpH-

HHT OH.

CTOHmne Ha ipoTyape cwemTCfi.

Bot b Bopone&e pasCzparoT pHOHHft cimaA. Ha cKjiaAe oahh ce^ieAKH, b AOBOJibHO CojibiiTHX dOHKax. ^acTb do^ieK OTKpHTa. J!k>ciihhh. y kopo Ail cKjiaAHBaioT cejieAKH b MeniKH, BBBajiHBaioT Ha hot MeinKOE, 6epyT no nejioJi 6oHKe, naxaT 6otoh no yjinue.

$8

18

CTapa^r ::ceKmHHa, no bhaY cjiyasamaa, nHTaeTCH nepeBajiHTb TH=KeOHa OAHa He b cmiax cnpaBHThCfi c hh& jnafi 6o^ieHOK nepes nopor,
-

Ppa^cflaHe,

kto xohbt BMecie co

iahopj

B3#Tb eroV He

cnpaEjnocb OAHa.

noAXOAHT Apyraa >xeHmHHa', b noHouieHHoM CTaponpAHoM KO^Te kc e cTonTaHHHX 6aitrMaKax - h ohh BMecTe, oCiuhhh ycmiHtfmh, BHTanKHBaioT do*n<y Ha yjiHuy h npucoeAHHHiorc^ k a^khhoh npouecciiH jiKAefi, KaTHiin-ix no moctoboK AparorteHHHM rpy3. Ckojil" KO HM npHAQ^CH TaK KaTHTb? HHH6 3a A6CHTKH KBapxajioE npHiiyiH
K
HeM"

CK>A&*

HaM, M03BHO

fipOCHTb OC5BHHeHH6 EOT 3THM AByM CTapHM EC6HmHHK tfpOCHTb 00*BHH6HHe B TOM, HiTO OEH "y^aCTBObojih b rpaCeE-cax?"
MO}JHO JIB
JItt

PpafievicH jih

sto <5swh? He

(5pa^i jih

to,

hto

eiiy

npHHHxaeTCH,

<iero y

HapoA> ^e^crBUTejihHO, Hero He obuto, hto y Hero ot-

hhjik?

KycoK juie6al

BpajiH, AeiiCTBHTejibHO, "see: H tfapaHKH, h maunaHCKoe, h AeTCKHe 30HTHKH. Ho b nepEyw onepeAb Bce-TaKH 6pajiH npoAyK npe&Ae Ecero hcth, KOTopnx y HacejsenKa h Gblko, h TOBapn; KajrH Ha cKjraaax o&ewpy k ofi ysb, Koropnx To:ice He 6hjio.

Bee 6ujio: h CeccHCTeKHoe, HeopraHH30BaHHoe pacxacKHEah opraHHOOBaHHHfi, b co3HaHHH CEoeM npaBOTH, pasReji TOpo, ito no npaEy npKHHTaeTcs HapOAy. /la, b KOHue kohuob, h HSMHaM HHKTO H6 XOTeJl HH^ePO OCTaBJKITbJ
hhOj,

B jCOBeTCKOM Ttury

Bop ones, tag a

hchji

b to spaMa,
nejiufi

19^2 rofta, Tqkhm odpa30M, B COB6TCK0W THJiy.

toa

6uji E3ht h npoxcHJi

HemtaMH
bo
Bpefcra

7 hkjth

bMjhh

Bee jieTo 1 9lj_1 roAa, MepeG ropoA npoxoAiwiH DiuajioHH c aeaKyHpOBaHHHUH, IlpaBAa, ocHOBHaa Mace a ouiejroHOB iiwra TaKHce ^iepeo CTaHiiKB JIhckh h Aajibme Ha boctok, ho h BopoHexccKan cxaH* una nocToaHHO dauia 3ao*HTa surejioHauH, npHxoAHmm.CH K3 Kypcna. B BopoHe;:ce swenoim cto^jih no HecKOJibKO fliieH, noxoM nanpaEjrajiHCb na ceBep, Ha rpaan, vuivi Ha ior, Ha JIhckh. Boponejc He cbh3an scejieaHoS AoporoS c ropoAaMH, jieincaiuzKH Ha boctok, ^ItoCh nonaciB, GKa;!ce?;r, b EopHCopjrec5cK, Hysno exaTB nepe3 Ppa3H, A^jraa 6o,5bTirot,- itpioH. M 3BaKyHpoEaHHHe BHHyscA^HH 6ewh, nonaB e Boponer-

W:

58

19

raorffa b aojb exaTB Ha r, b JIhckh, b*b Ha cesep, b rpnon, a noesAa Ha ypaji h b Cb6hpb. Mhome, b Potck, oTKyAa ye ran Ot hhx HaoaaeHae rwe DBaKyHpoBaHHHe aaaepoHBajiaoB b Boponejice. OTKyfla KaTHJiyaHaBajio o toil, mto npoacxoflBT Tan, Ha 3ana S e, ch rposHHit Eajt HeMenKoS BoeHHoti MaiUHHU.

neia3BaKyHposaHHHe paccKasHBajiH o tom, Hero He Skuio b KOTopan, fipocaa th- o nocneuiHOK oTCTyiweHBB KpacHoM apnea, npoAOBOjEBCTBHH, ocTaBJiHH Ha roBoopyjiceHHe, eiwaAH aMyHHijHH b desajia Ha booporax aBTOKtunHHB, TaHKH b apTBJuiepB, wtbhho paccKasBmajia 3BaKyapoBaHHHe tok, ^acTH^HO cflaBajiacb B njien. npafiJumeHaa Heimes, o naHHKe, KOTopaa oxsaTHBajia BJtacTB npa 4>a6pHK, sauna: aomob. o nocneinHOM yHHirosceHHH aaBOAOB,
apMHH, o chPaocKa3HBajiH o neociHKHOBeHHoS moihh HeMeuKoM maeKax, KOTopHe tseHax "raTyKacoB", o uoTomnsjiBCTaai b sejieHBix o tom, too y Heimes Boo<5me neT pncKaioT no Twiau, ce* naH HK y BHHT0BOK, a OAHH BBTOMaTH.
5
.

npeysejiBiBBajiacB chBo scex paccKa 3 ax CeaeHneD aaiceiHO IIo6eMojtoTOBa: xa Heroes. BoHny cHHTa^H npoai-paHHofi. CUosa o ocoana*, nporaHOOMHOi 6y S e T 3a nana", vlz ero pena 22 fl a b hhx BKJiaflHBicn a flPyrott cimca. SoH BHTOHaiiaefl, apoHB^ecKH, aa Hamea cnaHoa. PeAKO-peflKo paoKaMH ... "no6e a a dyaex b nodefly 6obhkob. flSsaHBCB rosoca, Fi5ioP Hx aBy^a^a sepa o jrarepax bosh3Bepc T Bax HeMn,eB, o pacnpaBax o HacejzeHaeM, H Hon.eHHHX, KOTop K e HenuH ysce coaflajia b b kotoP hx 1^!. ^ame o cay^anx npoaBJieHBH OJiarose PO.1.0A, paccKaBHBajiB peflKC CooC^hhah coBexcKofi npec. oiaTe'-bHoro othohi6hhh k HaceaeHB*. Coothctbo Hace-nem h ch o paccTpaaax B asepcxsax HenueB roaa pacnpocxpaHe Deijaao.HecKO.aBKO pas b Ha,a ocesa 1 9M oHahmhcb aayxa o coaAaHaa HeMUQMH pyccKoro npaBBTMBCTBa, seen cseaoHHSM, npoHHKaB KaeBe, hotom b CuojieHCKe. Ko npHC^yiUHBa^IHCB CO BHBMaHBGM, XflKBM K3-3a JIIfflHH $ OHTa

^"

wa

P tfojitmeBBKOB. KKMfj cjivx, HetfjiaroiipHHTHHB prpaHneMHo areHTOHH HKBfl b noAKpen^KHe AH, OBICTpO sai.tHpajiH.

^Bwm

ma

CJiyxn,

o^b^bhob
9i+ 1

pacnponponaran-

TaK

npouuio jieTO,

HaciynH^ia oceHb

r fl a -

oahoK ropo fl 1? ceHTHdTDH 5i noexaji ho BopoHeaa b mom P bshtb ocTasuHec^ r fl o naBHO He Ohji. H noextu, ht P 6h Ope^i rosy, E e W H eme hocjio uoero nodera H 3-no H apecxa b 1937 OCTaHOEHBCa #OHTe: dbpOHT H VBHaTB V ADTBeB O HOJIOJXeHHH HG <e^e3H0H Aopore HataioAaJiocB oxaKHoe 3 aHe^aoiGKO ox ppjia. Ha X oko^o uecaiia qpoHT He xraube, aaTHiUBe nepeA rpooofi. Bot ysce

L,

58

20

He&mH HaKamiHBajiH, oneBHAHO, chjih a^& reHepajibHoro HacTgrajieHHH Ha MocKBy. IIotok oBaicyHpoEaHHHX cxjiHHyjr, h naccascupoB iiohth He 6ujio: exajiK tojibko KOKaHflKpoBOHHHe vum soeHHbie, [ npoCuji b Opjre necKOJitKo AHeS k Bepuyjica otfpaxHo b BopOHejK, Ilo Ten CBeaeHHttK, KOTOpne h nojiy^Hji b Opjie ot 3HaKOMfcIX B06HHHX, HeMIJfcr OCXaHOBHJIHCB B CpSHCK HX Jiecax H BpsiA jivl HQHHyT b d^iHxcatoee BpeMfl HacxyimeHHe. IIpdrH03H mohx Apy3eH OKa3ajiHCB HeBepHHMn: neMeqKoe HacxynjieHHe HanajiocL
flfenrancH.

Mepe3 HeAeJiw.
fl npnexajr b Ope^r hosaho BenepoM. Hh xpansatf, hh aexoC5yca He 6ujio h a nouiejr nepe3 Becb ropoA neuiKOK, Ha yjrimax - hh oflHoro npoxoscero, othh Be3A noranieHN, OKHa ujiotho 3aHaBemehh. IvIoh iuarn ryjnco ox AasajiHCB no nepxBHM yjinijaM, Kasajiocb, MepxBoro ropofla, Hsckojibko pa3 ueaa ocxanaB^HBa^K BoeHHBie naTpyjcH-, npoBepHjrH AOKyMeHTH. y iirxa<5a dbpoirra, noatemaBurerocfl b 3,aaHHH MH^ycTpHajibHoro xexHHKyMa, H3 xeMHOXH B^pyr 3aKpHhelkh c AByx cxopoH acnyraHHHi^H rojiocaMn:.

Ha cpeflHHy yjimxm bhxoahJ

Ha cpe^HHy yjnmnJ

0Ka3HBaexca, nacoBHe nojry^twiK npHKa3 Bcex npoxoECHX npo nycKaxb xo^bko no cepeAHHe yjiaica, no mocxoboS, hto6h. He

ESOpBajiH

nrxafi.

EteKHH ckmbojt cxpaxa,

HcnyraHHLie HO^mae rojroca nacoBHx ocxajiHCB b naMAXH, kbk KOTOptlH OC'bSlJl BJiaCXb.

yace 3aKaHHHBajraci sBaKyanHa npOMHULtteKHHx npe^npHytredHHX 3aBefleHHE. Kan h b Apyrnx ropoaax, sBaicyaijHfl; HOCHjra He xojibKo ao<5pOBOjibHHM xapaKxep. JtosceHepH h patfo^ne nojiynajiH. pacnopaaceHne 06 odfl3axejibHOM BHe3^e,

B Opjie

hthk,

jihcxobok,

h BnepBHe yBvtneji HenenKHe jihctobkh. B oahoh hs CHa&iceHHoM flOBojibHo xyMaHHoM 6oxorpa$Heia-, Koxopan^ cyAii no Ha^nHCK, HGo6pa;ajia ch-hq CxajUHHa flKOEa, cooe5n;ajioc& O TOM, ^TO OH B3flX B ILTieH*
Opjie

OflHH He BepHJiH b 9X0,

CHHa Ha
-

c|jpoHX,

CHKTafl, hto Ctewihh He Mor nocjiaxb Apyrae cKenTH^ecKH noacHHajiH njrevoMH:

&a.jihiiie

Hy B3HT, Hy, a

hxo?.
H

^POHX CXOHJI

COBceP'I (5JIK3K0,

fl

SaAHOCXbJO BnHXHBQJI see

58

21

cBefleHiiH,

T&e
e[h?

JIK3AH 3XHJIH

KOToptie iiueh OTTyfla, rA$ pyxHyjia coBeTCKan BjiacTh, KaKOfi-TO HOEOH M3HBJ0. KaKOX)? ^TO npHHCCHH H9M-

^to AywaT ohm o dyayweM Pocchh? CoaAaAyT JIH ohh npaEHxejibcxBO? /laAyT Jin opy^cne? 3th BonpocH eojiHOEajiH lie ice ha OAHOTO, PopOA nOJTHHJECfl HaCTO npOTHBOpeMHBHMH cjryxaMH.
IIpoCHB b Opjie HecKOjiBKO AHeii,

n sepHy^cfl b BopoHexc,
jxe-

H Ha 0(5paxnoH nyTH mbhji yAHEtuio cxpaHHoe 3aTHUibe Ha jre3HoS Aopore. 3aTKUibe nepeA rp030H.*.

OCop'BaHHuH m rpfl3HHK Cyxrajixep H3 Ertbqa,, oTnymeHHHK no 6ojre3HH c odopoHHNX pao*OT / oh KonaJi 3jionoj[yMHHe npoTHBOxaHKOBH6 pBH /, paCCKa3HBaJI, rpOMKO CHOpKaHCb E HOCOBGH HJiaTOK, iioxoxchpi Ha rpnaHyio nojiOByio TptfnKy,, h noMHHyxHO BHTHpaa hm
IlepBHe ahh CTpaiHHO (50HJiHCb* IIpeACTaBbTe cede xaKyio KapTHHy: ero. cauojiey-R nap rojibBoK ^exaioT, a HauiHx hh oAHoro, trpOCTO OdHAHO. H nOHOTb H0BO3MOXCH0, KyAG- OHH ABajlHCb* CKOJIbko nepeA bokhoM iracajrH o HanreK aBHaqHH.
1

Oh pobophji rpoMKO, Ha Becb BaroH naccaacHpH, iiohxh Bee KOMaHAHptl HJpaCHOit apMHH, CJiyWQJW COHyBCTEGHHO, IIOflA&KHBaJEH.
(

- M npeAciaBBTe cede, - jrexaraT h - roBoptui 6yxrajrxep, He cTpejiHWT, h <SoM<5 He CpocaioT. IlepBHK pa3, KorAa hohbh^cs h eueqKufi caMOjiex, mh k Jiecy dpocmiHCb. A oh rrji rbq. Kpyra si yjieTeji. BTopoii pas caMOJieT iio*ith HaA rojaoBaiiH npojieTeji. H, npeACTaBbTe ce<5e, jtQTWKa mh bhagjih. 3xo Tax CTpaHHOi OieHb 6JIK3KO* yjIfcldaeTCH H pyiCQK HOM MaiUeT. lip HMO He BO&Ha RJISi HHX } a MaHeBpH. Hy,Aa HaurH To&e bokkt Hemioxo, - cnoxBaxmrcn <5yxrajETep, nonyECTBOEaB, mto cKa3a.E JtHiuHee, - bh 3Haexe, KaK H3yMHTaEbHHe MaiUHHHj "KaTKJUIH* KpOUiaT HeMUeB.
1

B Ejihue oyxrajixep coiirejr, He ycneB paccKa3aTb 06 K3yMHTejibHHx MamHHax "KaTjouiax

11 .

neMqH b3hjih Ope^r. CoBHH$opM<5iopo cootfmaao o CR&ne ropoAa nepe3 Asa AHH, B dth ahh pemajracb cyAbtfa BotoH, Becb qeHTpajrbHHK coEexcKHia peiuajiacb cyA<5a <5ojrbiueBK3Ma Opjia pyxnyji h HeneiiKue xaHKOBHe kojiohhh dbpoHT ot CMOJiencKa ao pBaHyjrHCb k MocKBe, CoeeTCKKe cboakh rviyxo cooomajiH o McecxoKHX (50X Ha Bfl3LMeHCK0M H ClIOJieHCKOM HanpaBJT8HH^X H A^HHHO K noApo6no nosecTBOBajiH o noAEHrax HeH3EecTHHX napo?H3aHCKHX ox3 oKTflOpa
B

pjiAOE b parioHax A.

H B-,

B.

H T.

k-

58

22

^geH. KaK sent y paflHopynopos coSHpaaHCB tojihh nepsBie flse HHKoraa poHtnio, o <Soju>iiebh BHmtaHaeK EHCJiyiiiHBajiH 6oax ^ pacxotph cbpaoH cBOflKH o npoflojisaiouHXCfl TaaraHX SanexHO see o,n Hep Jema^e hh,k napofl sx-o- ^bctbobok. 3B H E-aacTH, see i^cnine n CMejiee soeBaxb, sa HenonroTOB^eHHocTB Buiae aaacTb sa HecnoqofinocTb CTpaHH K soMHe.
KaaflHfl

bh

ywH

rojiocax B othx ecg rpoine a rpoiree- sBy-iamHX

cjiimiajiacb

b Tao ofinaseHHO-fiecnoeme SojitmeBHSB He noieasHBaa ce6a Hanaro KOHua koiuhoh Bn fl e. 3to <5i>uio, flefioxDHTejibHO,

16 OKTaopa, b cokhB nauaTHsB

fl

eHb boJIhh, paflHO

coo^h-

Hewnes k MocKEe.
B tot
::<e
ff

o npeflCTOeHb b ropo fl e pacnpooTpaHMca c*yx

tooth. Pafl H o hobto zsBecxHH, y pa flH opynopoB cHoaa codpajiHCb pacxoABWBCb Ha npocneK He tihjto TOJibKO VTpeHHioK. CBOflKy. JnoflH . H,i H cb, KaK b ?r?eBoSS/xLn Henna paarosapHBBJiH. PacnpocxpaHMHCb Hosne cayxH. rpynnaHH, yxpeireeB cboakh 17 MH C HexepneHzei,: ye b MocKEe. HHnero hobopo. Ha oaesyaipa. Aem, Bcero pa! OHa He npHHecjra Hacxynaaa KaKaa-io ?e HanpaaeHae Haiaao B aueiHO cnaflaxb. copeawiaVeoHapoBaBHH - ay, bot h He nonei,, - HacxyniuiH pHe (5yflHH EOHHH.

i^ah*

^^JJJiJ

t-

hs Mockbh ot uoero Cojib B KOFue oKxadpa a ncutyiM nacbuo JiBiHoro xapaKxepa, more flpyra. ItacbHo cyrydo, TaK cnaoaTb, SAopoBte sebkoiodoh oh cooiJum o ce M efi H HX cbohx fl e.Kax, o npoiHK, nacaji: mi H npKesse b roexn ibwh h, uewny
rpHropiaa HBaHOBHia, "Mh 3ecb Bee c HexopneHaeM xopomo SHaeiiib, ho oh, Harrero cieporo myra, KOToporo * th npiexaxb. Mbex onxb, k c'SLeSS, aaSSJsaioa e He cko^t . BeCHOfa npHeAeT
11

mmh

rmjiepa. rpHropneK HBaHOBineH mh HasHBejra b nepenHCKe

njiomaAH- ToHoaCpa Ciojihh npHHwajt napafl Ha KpacHOH KyTyBOBe. .B BopoBopaa o MBHirae H nonapcKOK, o CysopoBe h THUomeinco. Oh npoexaa nepej bhH e-:e napa npHHSKOH Mapma^ cepoi: Kap.oi^oHEumfflca no.iBaMB Ha pocjton, rHeflOU KOi-ie, b c KpacHBniH OTBopoxaf.H. IIotou KywDofi nanaxc, b hoboB iuhhsjiz
7
.

r
F.

53

23

r aBioijaTra B hoehx Hnmeasx, b canorax, c 1 mar fl 1 hmkh npoxoffsuH oahh oa jxpyvim, oKimaeTca oepme. * J- M^oro e ^P fo Tyape H^yBCTBOBtui, ksk y Hera

npocneKTy.

wans

^ *^

pMpemojH. A pyccKHMH ycauH, KOTOpHe HO bohhh h hochtb He

CKHe ycaia, cjiobho coiuemiiHe co

CTpamm

Hheh

h ne^iH.

B 6oti 3a PosHHy^ C B 60K 3a CTa^HHa

(torn, BT a necHHJ
6oji*
Tfle

h oe cjfflurtw?

fla

e navajte

hh,
e

ko H oTapHa saaKoiiHK nyBCTBOM neHnBHCT, - fla TOJIbKO JIH A*H BOHfl? p'anOCb WI5I M6HH
CTaJIHH.

LnyTHoro KOJieGanw, cMenaaacB chokohhoh Bce.y,

-

^P to

jteo
^
noHy

B 3TOM ciose.

HeT

fiofi

3a

CiaaHHa

fl

ho noM fl y.
<jy fl eT

3a Po fl ray? Ho

HaK noLe^o,
COpOCHTb GTajIMHa.

Kan Ctosbh

cepomeH. Hot,

cKaoua

nofieflHoe coofimemio o pasrpoue B aeKafipe pafliio npasocjio .asyw ysepeimo H TopsecHennoB Son MockboI To^oc JleBHTana

BOpTe'speS
pejioM.
.

okwJp*ok

pH

B bohhb npo E3 o

yse

toh, Kor fl a nponsoiiicji Korsa cefiiac otfcysflacTca Eonpoc c cpaneHe no nepe^H b Bofee, naoHBa.T o6h,ho flB a cod :

paHBme b OKTfipe 1 941 rotee Ka.eTC, htc oh npoHaonioji MacH 17 OKTa<5 P fl. B sth aaa kobct 6htb flase bot b tg yrpeHime b ooshoh napofla. HetnoMMorH^cKHH nepe-aou hh Koraa "iaib Tonepb? Ecjih Tenep* ohh okorhx, boob

^ oS HO

noncS?!

toko ho wpaK. Korsa net)IopraH H eyeTca apMra. Cxa^HH npKsnaKH pa 3 oace Both HaBepHo ocTasL b C Ht5HPM pesepBBi. co3jaT h Hem,ax - /npaBHTO^cxBo pyccicoj He b
. .

SSSSJ

HeH8(JeKn'npHMnKii acHeoHOBeHHS 108 yeepoHHOcTH b

F 56

2k

nou Kpaxe GojibiiEeEHSMa, Koxopan 6bua b nepsne TpH-nexHpe necmja boShh.

Cxpana BTanyjiach b tfyAHH boJshh, Ha^a^ia BoeBaTt. Eojtbinedhkh nocTeneHHO SpajiH bhoeb b pyKH BJiacxb nafl Hapo^oM, bhcKojrbonyBuiyio 6&mo nocjie nepanx yA&poB seKueB.

B 3aH#THx HGMqaMH
npoHcuiefliiiHH e

otfjiaciflx ncHxojiorHHccKHM nepejEOir, coB-eTCKOH TKTiy, He OTpa3Hjrca Henocpe^cTEeHHo.

3flecb' iipoTOKajrH APyriae npoijeccii, CBasaHHHe, o^Hano, rjiyo*khho h c xeMH, Koxopne npoucxoArati BHyxpn cxpaHH. tgx npoqeccax, KOTopHe npoHCxoAMH e HeKenKOM Ti&zry - penb eme EnepeflH.

3mra 9k1 ip.2 ro#a, opjuaKo noicasa^a, *ito dojibmoro sce^ahhh BoeBaxb Hapofl He HcnnxHEaex. Tlonoji3jiw cjiyxvi o BeceHHeM nacTynjieHHH K6MU.6B, o Aec&TKax ahbhshh, KoxopLie ohh nepefipaCHBaT K3 repMai-iHH, o THCH^ax caMOJiexoB, Koxopne ctoht na aopospoMax k osayx TOJibKo npimaoa, hxo<5h odpynrnTbCfi Ha MocKBy.
1

Ctojih roBopHTB, ^to b OKKynHpoBaH?itix o6jiacTsix coBceM lie xaK y?:c iuioxo, kak paccicasHBaioT ra3exn h paflHO* *Ito b AepGBHe AocxaxoMHO npoAynxoB, ^ro kojtxo3H nofle^reHH h eqchok KpecTB&He CyAyx ceaTb Ha csoeM 3eujie. Cjiyxn He no#BJifljiECb npoK3BojEbHO, ohh npHHHMajiH onpeAejaeKHyio oKpacKy no a BjiwimieM 3arJiyi!ieHHHx, ho Ece euje jkhbhx HaAesxa Ha KpyiueHne GojxbiueBH3Ka.
Bcro 3HMy 19^.1-^2 rofla b BopoHeace peryjinpHO ycTpaHBajrHCb Q6JL3BU-, Ha Ae3epTHpOB, de^caBUCHX H3 apMHH H CKpHBaroiUHXCfl y pOACXEeHHHKOB H 3HaKOMHX H yKJCOHflKHltHXCH OT flBKH E BDGHKOHaXH. B

o6HCKax h odJiaBax u-pmmajin ynacxne KOMeHflaHTCKH ^acTK KpacKaKHe pasnepH npHHHjro Ae3epxnpcxE0, mosicho cyAHXb no cjioAyiomHM flanHHM. B nncojie ft 17, b pa6oneM nocejiKe 3asoAa hm.KokHHxepiia, naxoAHxca cdopHHH nyHKX, Ky#a Ka&flyio hohb cboahjih 3axEa*ieHHHx bc. nocejiKc AesepTKpoB; IIocojiok nac^HXHEaji He 6ojih~ me 5. 000 Hace^ieHKH. IIohxh Ka^cflyio no^b snflepjsHBajiH 30-lj.O a^3epTHpoB,' Mx cyAHjr EoeHHO-nojieBoH cyA. HaKasaHae Been oaho h to -Me: 10 jreT 3a.KJiioHeiiissi c oTCsiTEeK HGKaar.HHff nocjre eoMhh h HeneA^eHHoM oxnpaBKoii na c^ponx.
H30 rhh b a^hb, yxyAiirajrocb upoAOBOJtbcrBeiiHoe nojioxceHHe b ropOAe, JIctom h paHHeS occhbioj KorAa uuio KeMeitKoe HaoTyiuieHiie z ropoA roxoBiwrcfl k osaKyamiH, n uara3HHax noaBiwrocb Hacjio, caxap, icpyna, Myna. B axo BpeHg mojkho 6wio KyuHTt r no.uimrop ne^Hi; KftJtorpauu c^kbohhopo Macjra, mokho Chjlc
Bpej.rn,
f

Bee

P!

58

2$

KynKTb He 0HH KEUiOrpaMM, a H8CK0JIBK0, CTOMO TCUEBKO nOCXOHTB b onepeflHX hsckojibkhx HarasHHOE. HacejieHHe cneiuswio 3aKynHTb krk M03KHO o*ojiBure npo^yKTOB, c^ejiaTh 3anacH. Bee xopomo noHH.-: Ma^H, MTO IipOflyKTH BNO*p aCHBaKTOFI " B Mara3HHH TOJIBKO nOTOMy, hto npHdJiH&aioTca homd;h. OcTaHOEHT HeMqeB - k HCMesnyT npoayKth TaK h npoH30itTJio. KorAa HOMeutKoe HacxymieHHe 3aMe/yiHJiocb, a 3axeM cxao*HjiH3HpoBajicfl $pOHT ~ npeKpaximacb h npo^asca cjihBOHHoro Macjra. IIpeKpaTiuiQCB Boodme cHatfaeHne HacejieHHfl.

,f

KajLTOMKaM AasajicH tojibko x^ed. flyKTH h na daGapax.

IIo

K Boone HCH63.&H npo-

Bot TKnH^Kan KapTHHa BopoHQDKCKoro <5asapa b aiipe^e- Mae rofla. Ha 6a3apH0ia njioma#tf HecKOcTTbKQ cot HejioaeK, npenKyinocTEeiiHo aceHiitHHH, h He Combine #Byx aschxkob ToproBOKj pa3jeo>khbuihx MajieHLKHe KyHKH Kapxoftejifl: h jiyKa. EojEbiue mnero Hex, Ho noKynaxe^BHiriiH hg Ohghb Tepne.^HBo AyT, IIpoxoAHT ^acj Apyroil, Bot, HaicoHeu, noKaaHEaexcH KpecTBHHCKaa noflBOfla. ILioinaflB Ke yoiiaTb. Tojibko mto i-inpno 6ec^flOBaBiiiHe, cHfleBmHe npHropicHHDiiii^CBj hg cKafcreitKCx ::cghiuhhh BSKaKiiBaioT h deryT uojiopfiie ii CTfipbie - mto gctb cax k nopBOflfc. PasAaioTCH kphkh. JIieHinKHH cnemax npodHTBca KaK mosicho G^emco k TCiore. HaKOHen,, ycTanaBaKcaeTCn oHepe^b. Ha^HMaexcq cBameHOAe*icTBHe npoAascH, y KpocxbHHHHa Bcero OAEH-A^a MoiuKa KapTOcpejia. JIcho, mto bcsm kg xBaxHT, Oh ^aex cHanajia no KHjrorpaMMy, ho H3 3bahhx phage HecyTCH HeroAyiomHe kphkh. Tgm xpedyrox, ^xodH Hop My BH^aHK oh cOKpaxH^i so (JjyHxa na HcaoBeica. Oh nOA^HHsiexcji, Aaex no $yHxy. Ho Kapxotpejin Bce-xaKH He xBaxaex na scex. nycxaa noABOAa ye3aaeT c da3apa, a oeokiuhhh He pacxoA^Tca, Okh 6ypjT ctoatb 3Aect nacaMH k KAaTBt EyAyT ctohtb h Te, kto nojiy^KJi cboh (J)yHx: mto $yHT Kapxo^e^EH a^h padoneii ceMBH b hockojibko hojiobok.
1

9I4.2

po^^TM,

3hmo# h oco<5eHHO bochoh 19^2 roAa HeMijH coEepmajiH peryjinpHHe, ho HG3Ha*iHTejibHHe HajieTH na ropoA. EomOhjih 3aB0AH h qeHTp ropofla. H Kaj:cAHi5 pa3, Korfla naMHHajracb Tpesora h HOHHoe TeiiHoe hoCo npopQ3BiBajiH A^HHHHe nojiocH cEeTa, HiapH^iH no kquJj CKpemHBa^iHCB h CHOBa yxoAii^K Apyr ox Apyra, xhchmh jimfleii
1

CMoxpejiK b Hedo, scflajrn xapaKxepnoro npepbiEHcxoro 3Byna HeMeHKoro (SoHdapA^poButHKa, raAajiH, Kysa ceroAH^ 6pocHT "oh" cboS CMepxoHocHHt! rpy3. H KaKAHS pa3 bh MorjiH ycjrHuraxb npHJ.<epHO oaho h to jge:
-

On^Tb k HKBA nosepHyji. KoneHHO, k

.

HKBZI.

Bot ceS^ac

psanex.
,

Caifo.Tor MeA.^^i-iiio wgji b

(5oH(5a,

rja^an Bee k seMjre,

cseTe npo;jceKTopoE, bvlq&ojlel, npHpBG^acb^ cjiobho Jionajiacb rAe-xo

58

26

yxpou jikjah 6ear.JiH BHdpacHBaj? spKoe iutomh, CHOTpexb pa3BajiHHH ropoflCKOro xeaxpa h, coicpyiiieHHo Kanatf roaeiiHOH Kopa,

jiosai.iH,

roEopiMH:
uejrujt,

OnaTB nponaxHyjicfl. OwpGRQjieimo b HKBfl KBapTa^a Bcero ot Teaxpa...

-

be^b

flBa

TaK H He yEHAOJlH BOpOKGStfjH pa3BOHHH HKBfl*

B KOHlje HIOHH paAHO CEOEa IIpHHOCJIO eocth, HanoMHHawmHo npoauioroflHHe, okthopbckkc. PaAHO coofimajio, mto HeiiijH ncpeuuin Ha KypcKoii HanpaBJieiiKH b HacxynjreHHe, hto hm yjuuiocb npopBaxb na cponxe coBeTCKHe no3Hm*H. Ha^Hnajrocb rpaHAH03Hoe He^euKoe
HacTyiwieHHe 191+2 ro^a.

B no hx AHeEHKKax coxpaHiyiHCb 3anHCH,

SHHMI

oxHOCSiuHecfl: k

tok

B 12 M.30 M.AHtt, 60 HOMGItfCHX CSMOJieXOB COEepliiHJiH HeoscHflaHKHfi HajieT Ha BopoHexe h noflBepiuiH (5oK6npflHpOBKe BOeHHHe 3aB0H, CTaHUHK), CKJiaAH, JICHJIHG KBapTaJIH, nooxpaAajio imoro ichjihx aoiiob. Bo MHomx pailoHax B03HHK
11

HIOJIH

jih noacapH.

Becb ropoA

Ghji

OKyTaH KHyCaMH
JftHTejieH

flHMa.

3oHHTHaa

apTHJurepHH <5eaAGScTBOBajia.

oxBaxEUia naHHKa. Tan

kqk npeKpaTHJTOCb TpaMBaKHOG kojli cxajiK yxoAHTb K3 ropoAa.

flBHSEOHHe,

thchhh

JcioAeK neiu-

2 hiojih Chjio ceHB TpeBor, RcjioEasi acK3Hb roposa cxajia* yMpe;:cAeHHH, npeAnpasTHH, Mara3HHH npeKpaxHJiH patfoxy.
ICHTejiH npoflojiacajiH yxoAKTb e oKpecTHHe aepeBHW. 2 Hjdjxh a uieji nepe3 coBepiireiiHO nyoTKHHHfi ropofl.

Bo Hep 02*

...

BcMepoi-i 2 HKWI5I h

yTpoM 3

HKJiH

nponeccs

repnaHCKHe BolicKa npopsajiH cbpoHX y r. k BopoHesicy. CpeAH.KOiiiiyHHCTOB Hana^acb naHKKa. Tojhih hx <5pocanHOb Ha BOK3aji, ho He <5rao ysce noe3AOB, Cneiuho Ha^ajia cHHMaTb CTaHKH Ha 3aBOAax, ho HHHero He bhuijeo: paGoHHe pa3QiminCb no noimM. B yMpercAeHHax >i;rjiK 6y*i; Mara, h nene^i jxoTnji no Bcewy ropoAy. ffa^ajiocb oxcxynJlGRttO KpaCHOB apMHH.
BenepoM, 3 hewm,
"JiiiHTQjiflM

cjiyx, hxo 3eKjiHHCKa h KAyx

:..

otftflBMJiH:

ocxaBHTb ropOA b 21j. naca, yxoAHXb b cxopoEopscoivietfcica. Hyxb rjisi oxcxjroreHHii apjiHH vl tfesKeHjteB 6hvi o/ihii: ^iepo3 HepiiaBCKKfi mocx. u

ny

r
n:

58

27

...

i,3,[|_

H flHeM H HOHblO,

HOpeS TOpOA
aBTOMOtfHJEK,

IIWIK

OCTaTKH pa3-

nODD3KH CHTHX AHEH3HS. UpOHOCMHCB KpacHoapMeHiiH. MHOrne K3 oneimuiH H3MyneHHHe, rojiOAHHe hhx cJewh 6e3 opy>KHfl. Ohh npocHJiH y EHTa/EeJi xjieCa. K Benepy kioto ropoA noKHHyjEH mh^hujhh h HKB&. Be^iepoM ace, if HKUTHj B TOpOfl BBeJlH CBejKHe pG3GpBH. BHflHMO, coBeTCKOe KOMaHAOBQHHe aejrajio nonnxicy y^op;:caTb ero. BotiCKa paenojiOKHJiHCb b KpynHHx 3AaHH#x. toTejia yiiyiH b noA.i bojik, mejiH, Ha tfeper peKH BopoHeoic.
KftTVUlft
lj.

... 5 hkheh yrpoM ropoA otfeo^ioAeH. itaojiH He bhxoah^h H3 AOMOB. BjiacTH (SejKOTEH, BotiCK HHrA^ HO CbLTIO BHAHO. HacoB b 7 yxpa, 5 hiwih, hsmoukhh caMojteT c6pocn7i 6omdy Ha 3AaHue #KA* ^epe3 nac Ha^ajiacb (SoMdeaKa, kotopan npoAOJiiKajiacb c kopotkhmh nepepHBatfH ao Benepa 6
HMJIfl.
p Oahh 3a Apyrm.t 3axoAHJTH auiesoHH K>HKepcoB no 12, l8> 30 niTyK h c pesoii iiHKHpoBajrH na ropoA. BoHcKa othhih k peKe.
ir

,,
Aa

HadJTiOAajr <5oM6escKy c OKpaHHH ropoAa, ynreji c ceMBeS H3 ueHTpa, r&e jki-ui.

51

ot peKH, Ky-

/teen 5 HKUin peiuHJi cxoahtb AOMoit* HeneuKHe caMojieTH nohbjihjthcb HaA ropoAOM ^epe3 Ka&AHe 10-1 5 MHHyx. 51 aaaepSKajicH b qeaxpe, kotophE; yace no^xn Chji pa3pyineH, h na oOpaTHOM nyxn nonaji np#MO noA roiiKepcH. Ohh iiuth rtpaBHJiBHHK

CipoeM, nO TpH UITyKH BMGCTe, CpaBHHTeJIBHO Ha HO6OJIB1IT0H BHCOTe, KaK pa3 Hanepepo3 MHe. Bo3Epamaxbcn 6ujio no3flHo, h h peurHJi onepeA^Tb hx. nodejKaji no yjiiiue, noMHHyTHo norjiHAHsan Ha i-iedo. JOHKepcH npHc3jiHjKajiHCb yAHBuxejibHO dbicTpO, pOEH MOTOpdMH, HeTKO BUROJlttKCh Ha deSOdJiaHHOIvt HlOJIbckoai ne(5e. CepAUe Ceuieno KO^oxmrocb b rpyAH. HpocKo^y hjih He npocKOMy? MyscxBys 3a co6oh tr^qjiob AHxaHHe xoace fierymero nejioBeKa, KaK-ro cTpaHHo BcxjiHnHBaio^ero, h h3 noc^teAHHx chji node>ica^i eiue tfHCTpee, ho caiAojioTbi dburH y>ico HaA pojioboB. CoBepiueHHo hhcthhktheho a 6pocwto$i ita 36Mnocjre KopoxKoro, cxpamnoro eoh jiio h b Ty se ceKyHAy s 3arpoxoT8.jin oahh 3a ApyrHM B3pHBH. fl jreKcajE y Acpeea, b KaKOi:c-TO ABoptiKe, HyBcxsyfi yAHBHTejibHo mhphhS 3anax 3GJ-UEH, IIojiyorjioxiirH^, fi noAH^^i rojiosy. P^aom co mhoM CWR&Jl HCJIOBOK H nJiaKOJl, COBCGK nO-AOTCKK, BCXJIKIlHBaHc no cepo^jroflHoizy Jtvtixy ero Kaxn^HCb c^resH h ocTaHaBJiHBajiHCb b yeax. ft nepOKpecxn?ic.q. Oh Toace, noTOM BHxep py>;..\ KOM CVI03K H B3AOXHyji:
3

58

28

Hy,

KasceTCjr,

npoKecjio.

Bskhm/

BoKpyr Bee Chjio 3acHnaHo ocSjiomkomh ftepeBa, Kaunnim^ Ty^a man o.To#jra Ha,n; pa3BajiHHaMH #omob h H3 nee bhpnBajIHCb H3HKH nJiaM6HH, CjIHlUajIHCB OTHaHHHHe KpHKH. KaKOfrto MojrofloM napeHt b (5ejioS paoopBaHKoii Ha cnHHe pydaruKe, Meiajica no yjim^e, cjiobho He Haxo^H BHxofla H3 pa3BajiHH. no yjinqe y#;e dexca^H jtioah, bhh3, k pexe* CnpaBa GJiMuajic^T Bee HapacTaioiitfiti peB motopob.
5

6 hkwih b ropofle, KpoMe He3HaHHTejibHbix rpynn bokck 3 yKpenHBuiHXc^ Ha tfepery, He 6&xo HHKaKnx npeflCxaBHTejiei! BjiacTH. HecHOTpj? Ha 6oM(5e:xKy, HacejieHHe CpocHKOCb b npo ...

flOBOjibCTBeHHHe cKJia^H h Kara3KHH.

TflHyjtHCb,

npasHMaacb k CTenan

7 HHxnfl no BceM yjiHrcaii j^omob, ueno^KH jtroflefi, Ha-

rp y^eHHHX AoGtreeK. Be^epoM y 3aOHCKoro mocce h co ctopOHH 3eMJU=tHCKa nOHEHJIHCb HeiieitKHe MOTOUHKJTKCTK. 8 HMfl Ha IIpocneKTe PeBOJiiouHH ctohjth TaHKH, 9 eme npoAOOTa<racb (50H B HHSKHeM HaCTH rOpO#a. YTpOM 10 BCe 3aTHXJIO.
BopoHejjc nocTHrjra ia se ynacTb, mto h CTajiHHrpa^: oh 6zm nOHTH no^iHocTbio pa3pyuieH. 3poHT octrhobhjicji Ha peKe Bop oh ease h HeKttu aajtbiire Ke nocuiK, Ohh b3$lhh can ro~ po^j a oahh H3 ero pafio^Hx paSonoB UpH^a^a, Ha jieBOM d.epery peKH, ocTajrcn b pyKax KpacHOyi apMHH. CoBeTcxan apTiuijiepHH nenpepHBHo odcTpejmBajia ropo#, HenijH OTBeHaJIH* HHKaKOH 3KH3HH B POpO^e HaJia^HTb 0HJIO HeJIb3fl H Hewnti peiun.flH 3BaKyHpoBaTb ero Becb. B HHBape 191+3 roAa KpacHaa apiraH nocjre o;icecTOMeHHHx 6oeB 3aHfl;ia passajihhh MepxBoro ropoAa B hgm ocTajiHCb tojibko 0HHaBiiiHe

KOIHKH.

TaKKM o<5pa30M, 10 hkwih h KynnpoBaHHoM HeMi^aMH*

HeMlIH np HUUTH,

onyTturcfl Ha

TeppHTopnn, ok-

Ha CTeae nojiypa3pyiaeHiioro #OMa npirK^een jihct <5yMarn. Ha HeM, no pyccKK, Ha HaujHHKe HanenaTaHo:
II

p h k a 3
ErsiTejrHM

PepKaHCKoro K0MaHAosaHH.fi
CjieAyoT

r.BopoHeKa.

pha

-lyiiKTOB,

b KOTopbix yKasHBaeTC^ ,

^ero

::<KTejiH

"

m 58

29

Ohh He flojDKHN noKa3HBaTbca Ha jjivmax noojie 6 h. Be^epa, He flOJXMCHH BXOAHTb B flOMa, 3aHflTH6 HeMIjaHH, He flOJl53HH nOMOraXfc CKpuBaiomHiACH b ropo^e KpacHoapfcieHijaM, He aojimchbe noMoraTb napTH3anaM, eBpeH h KOiMyHHCTH He a&hshh 3aHHMaTbcn HHKaKHM TpyflOM, KpoMe ^HSH^ecKoro.
. .

KajEAoro nynKTa ctokt KopoTKoe h yrpojicaiainee^ HapyiireHHe - paccTpeji

Ilocjre
'

"3a

'

IIpHKa3 HanHCaH AOBOJIbHO rpaMOTHO, HO C HKOCTpaHHHMH odopoTaiiH pe^H, KOTopsre TaK cTpaHHO BH^eTb 3AeCb Ha CTene

p^ccKoro

floiia.

KpoMe eme oahoto npHKa3a, 06 3BaKyarjHn ropoaa, kotophM Toace KOimajtcx cjtobom paccTpe.* - HHKaKoro nenaTHoro cjioBa.
A r^e
xce

o6pameHiie k pyccKOMy Hapoay? T^e

c

ace

pycCKHe,

KOTopne BKecTe

HeMnaMH

(5opKTCii

npoTHB

6oj[biireBH3Ma?

IlepBoro pyccKoro, He BopoHeaxqa, h BCTpeTHji aha nepe3 xpn, C Jxa^HocTbK) Hadpocnjica Ha Hero: Hy, hto Tan? Oh orpaHZHHJICH KOpOTKHMH, HVLHeVO He rOBOpOTHMH cfpa3aKH. Hbho He xoxeji paccKasHBaTb nospodHO, k h hohm, mto h paccKasNBa-rb dbuio He^ero.
.

Eme
HH^ceHepa.
-

ahji

nepe3 ABa a BCTpeTft* cEoero 3HaKOMoro, KpynHoro

KaK bh CHHTaeTe?
-

npeAJiaraioT ropoa npHKHMaTb.

c^pociwi

OH M6HH.
-

KoHe^Ho, npHHHMajRTe.

Hy>KHO *e

OT3Hb HajiaKHBaTb.

Ho HaaacHBaTb >sH3Hb b BopoHeme He npnuuiocb: xrpmxeJi npwKa3 od DBaKyaaHH Bcero HacejEOHHfl.

EAHHCTBeHHO, hto
HeMijbi

caeaaTB - sto noMGHb ieu, kopo Ha pHTbe oKonoB, a HacTb b jiarepa GaxBaxHJiH h OTnpaBHjiH
yflajiocb

BOeHHOn^eHHHX.

HeneyKoe BoeHHoe KOMaHAOBaHHe, bhahmo, BKJiwHajio b unfypu B3STHX IIJieHHHX H TeX MeCTHHX KHTejreH, KOTOpHX XBaTaJIO npocTO Ha yjiHuax vuw b aoMax. B Bopone;ice TaKH*i otfpaaoM co<5pa.ra HecpaKOJl^KO COT HejIOB6K. HM Otf-MBHJIH, HTO B3HTH OHH H.a BOeHHHe nocjEajiH Ha pHTbe ononoB, Ha peOoth, ^acTb, fleficTBBTai&no, Vojrr .tf.^XP, n O^TaThHNK anipaBHJTH B .THfl. HeCKO^bKO AeCHTKOB

w 58

30

MejioBeK Bce-TaKH y#ajiocb BMpBaxb.

Hx oxnycxHJiH nepeA caMog

b Opjie, b oahom H3 $eBpajib-

ssaKyauHeM ropoaa.
ocboCokckwx HOMepos 'TIpaBflH , a BH^ejr cboTOrpaq^Hio HHweHepa, Kypcne. m,::eAeHHoro Knaci-ioM apMHefi H3 jiarepa BoeHHoiureHHtix b BopoHepa cxbrthjih na cTamjHH KhctophoM, b 60 KHJiOMeTpax ot
11

y>-ce

HecKOjrbKo siecaueB cnycTa,

neaca.
0c5jraBH

Ha MapHHX jarwefi npoHOBejiH b BopoHee xarocxHoe

aims--

Bne^aTjieHHe

kotophM :ms.x nei.meB, KaK ocBotfOAHTejieH, a kotoKOHBoeM poro xBRTaioT Ha yjnme, Be fl y T , KaK npecTynHHKa, hoa no^eiiy? HeroAyWHe npoTecTH k CpocaioT oa npoBOJiOKy. 3a mto? c HecKOjibero 0CTaK>TC 6e3 OTBeTa. Mho npmiuioc-b deceaosaTb ^epes ABe. Oahh hs hhx khmh BopoHeamaMH, QTnymeHHHra nezejiK yjtHue, Oh pacJoHHti-TOKapb. Ero bsmh H3 floaa, Ha EaexaHOBOKOH
dojrbixieBHKa,

Mojkho tojtbko cetfe npeflCTasnTb cocTOHHHe nejioseKa,

paccKa3HBaji:
JieHHHa "H ocTajrca cooHaTejibHo. Rortfa nam saBOA HMeHH o(5H3aTejn,HOLi nopHflKe exaTb c 3Ba K yHpoBa.ra, mho npefljiOKiMH b paaaBOAOU. TaKOH e npHKaa no^y^K Bee KBajtajpHqHpoBaHHHe npnicas, a h MHorae Apyme dOHHe Haurero saBOAa. Hecnoxpa Ha HenpHaxHOcpadoMne peurHJiH ocxaibca, xoth 3TO rposiwo tfoaMHiiH asaicyHpoBaTbCH 6y A yT tfmh. Hac npeAynpeAH,TH, ^o sa oxKas oacy A HTb, KaK nocodHHKOB HeinjeB. CBoen yrpooH pyKOBogCTBO tfescajio. Ky, box, ._* BOAa ne ycnejio BHnoJiHHTb, nOTOMy mto cawo im cjxeHaKOHen, b ropoAe Hex coeexcKoM BJiacTH. IlepBoe, mto HeMHN npHiM. no h jisum, npoAyKTauH sanacjiHCb. flna nepes ABa Co<5eme abos paCoinx c Haurero sasoAa coceACTBy co uhom HeMeuKyio cxopajiHCb mh, HOTO^KOBajiH h penman b KOMOHAaTypy xotb h cropeAHTb, yonaxb, KaK c aaBoflOii <5yAeT. Hacx* uexoB patfoxy koho 6buio. Chjia, ho BoccxaHOBHXb ko6-*to h Hanaxb Ha nopore AHM TaK, paaroBapKBaen - BApyr ABepb Haciew h nHCTO^exon. KaK Heima: ABa cojiAaxa c BKHTOBKaMH h xpexnM c 3T0 ynxep-o&Hnep fia*. A xorAa mh eme ne 3 Ha^r H si noTOM ysna^ KTO C nHCTOftHX 3H8K0B paaAZ^BM. BXOAHT. He 3 fl opOBH30fflM,.. TOT, rosopaTt: jieTOMj no-pyccKi^ HeMnoro

mo.

komm. noflaeK, nofifleM. Hah, CTpejiflTB (5yAy''' Hto xaKoe, cnpaiiraeaPM, no^euy hath, KyAa hath? "Kah, hah- PaGoxa '.
'"'Komh,
1

ro-'-'Tuv a ^fi iM c
r

bhiitobkoH? 3a^eM cxpejiaxb? He noHHiJaeT-.

58

31

haTBepflHT csoe: "Hah, hrh. Pa<5oxa". Hy, flyaraeM, HaflO TyT yse uaaaa rpynna th. ByAeM pafiOTaTb. Buxoahk na yjinqy - a ryebKOM / v.qjiotsqk 15 jiMfleft cofipaHa. nocTpoHJiH Hac no oflHOMy - kohbohp- OorHa^K. CnpaHaopajin/. BnepeflH kohbohp, no3aAH A PaOoxa Hhkto He sHaeT. iirHBaio y flpyrnx, KyA&, moji tohst. npHrHa.ro Hac hto 3a paCoxa, noneMy noA pyxt,eM Hy>xHO pagoxaxb? KaKOh-xo. na JfflcHoK dasap. B yrviOBOM RByx3xa:KH0K roms uixaS upanoTOM vsHajiH - iiiTa<5 no^iKa. Hapofly 3Aecb yace Combine coxhh. nepeBOA^HK. ocfmuep. C hum Bifflieji Ha fflepacajiH Hac c tac.

AypaK.

abb "CxapHKH, rosopHT, uoryr no flOMaM hath". OxnycxHM AecnxKa BopouiHJioBa Tpn cTapHKOB, a Hac norHajiH flajiBiiie. Okojio 3aB0Aa hm. ceiib ?ejiOBeK a nonpoAeps<ajiH eme laca Tpn-^eTHpe. C rpynnow b tteum nepenmnaji Ha padoxy Ha xcejieanoH Aopore BopoHeac-KypcK. ysnyio. Padoxa dfiuia TSineAsm, a BaaiH nauiy iirHpoKyio Kojiew Ha cbob nojiypaapyffleHHHx. kopmhjih HHKyAa ae toaho. Ho^eBajiH b capanx nosiajieji h, ito He yexaji co Bot Tyx h b3hjio menu pa3flyMbe. a cbohm aaBOflOM, Swaji fl yMaB > ocBOfioB:fleHHH ot dojibiueBHKOB, npopadoxaju IIoxom HeoacHAaHHO ixo nojiyMHji? no^TH Ase Heae^iH h noutOTnycTwiH neHfl h ewe OAHoro BopOHeama. Bha3jih nponycKa OCXaJIbHHX imTB HejIOBeK OCiaJEH MH fflOUOfi. neiEKOM, KOHeHHO. A
,

kpm^o

bhjih".

z BeG fl e, noHBJieHHe HeimeB b ropoAe conpoBOKfla^ocb, krk MaccoBNX penpeccra, KaBHcejiiuiaua. B BopoHesKe He 6hjio eme EeJiopyccnH, KHe neKnH npoBORH. E iwydoKon xiwy, Ha yKpa K He h noBemeHHHe. Zteyx neho yace b nepBHe ahh b ropoAe nosBHJizcb peKH, o fl Horo na ILaejioBeic noBecusH b moKieH nacxn ropo fl a, y napxHH, xaHOBCKoH yjiime h eme o fl Horo na naomawa nepeA oCkokoh He chiokuih HecHa BHTHHyxoH pyne naiKTHma JleHHHy. IIoBeiiieHHHX 3a hx npeckojebko AHeK. Bhuih jih 3x0 KOMMyHHCTH, HaKasaHHHe BHmwiHeHHH xyn-neHHH, aineaBeflHCTH, ocxasjieHHHe b ropoAe flaa

"ocodHx 3aAaKHa ,.HJiH p^AOBHe pyccKHe lUHe - HeH3BeCXH0.

,,

jBflH,

asyiaHHO nornd-

ycxanoBHTb, kto okh 6i>vm, KorAa KaaflHB HeMeqqKHH CesoxBexciBeHHO xBopuxt od^H^ep, KaaastH MejiKHH KOMeHflaai Kor HeimeB pacnpaBy. ^aiue Bcero b nepBbie ahh nocjre npHxqfla cyA vn6jm cobepmeHHO iieBHHHHe jhork.
Kto
iior

Mepa HaKanoBeuieHHe paccuraTpHBajiocb HeMiTaMH He kbk mra npecTynjieHKfl, a kbk iiesaHMH npecTynHHKOB sa coBepuieHHHe nonwa pa ycTpanreHHH HacejiemM. B 1 9i+3 ^oAy no cxonat* Heuqes .KasHb Hepes nosenteHiie, -ohh h SojibHeBHKH: ohh BBe.iH oKepTHyBB Ha naomaflH, rAe npoTosse croHflffl HacejtenHe pyccKHX ropoAOB npeAaTejraMH" 'I^X.VCinn. p..T,-iJJ^P.q Tlfl/l "H3MeHHHKaMH h
Gai,ro

H"

58

32

naaHb tojibko 3aflyi:aHHaH kbk Mepa ycTpaiitsHHa nydJiHiHaa TaK ae, krk cofleiiCTBOBajia pocTy aHTH-HeitemcHX HacTpoeHHii, b Tex roOHa cofleMcTBOBajia pocTy aHiE-coBeTOKHX HacTpoeHsm 6ojibiiieBHKH, CJieflyfl poflax, Ky fl a npaxoaiuia KpacHaa apvufi h vp.e -Hireero flpy npHwepy Hemes, BemajiH Ha naomajuix pycoKzx.. jrawefi. kto ee roro. Kpoue BoaMymeHHH, npoTecTa h HenaBHCTH k Ten, KaaflOM pyccoBepmaeT. nyfijiOTHaK Ka3HB h He KOsceT bhsbstb. B pycc:-. CMHTajiH ofia 3 aieHHM yfinTB nacicojibKO
ckom ropone Hewpi 3ac T atiTb hx hokocHx.JtHeB, htoCh ycxpaiuHTb ffpyrax, hto6h z cjieayjameH sa PHtsch. "Kpome nyscTBa rjiyfioKoro paao^tapoBaHHa hum HenaBHCTH k cede, HeMUH HKHero He nojiy<iwH.

PenpeccHH BuaHBa^iHCB eme z cipaxoM, BHynieHHHH HeimaM ocTaHaaaHBawmHWnapTzsanaKH. IlepBoe c*obo, KOTopoe roBop^ cojisaT, 6hjio cjiobo ca H a nocTOH b pyccicoK AOKe seuemnm napTzsaH. "A ecTB aflccB y sac napTH3aHH?".
_

eme tojibko B to Bpeua napTzsancKoe flBHreHHe HaMZHajio hh napxnaan, hh ckmbkopacTH. Bo MHorux pafioHax h ropo S ax Bo6we - z Hew*au HHCyflb opraHHsosaHHoro noanojib* He tfiwo TeiraoK nepeyjree B z fl ejiH hhito He yrpoaeajio, ho ohh b Kaanoii

napTH3an.

cxpax HcnKTHBajiH zx oodbhhkh: HTajibHHUH, cto Bern** pyifflHH. B BotfpyHcice, HanpzKep, rfle o 1 9kk ^fla otHacTjrpJieHZ* ts^hoth fjih BeHrepcKze ^acTH, naooBHe nocae Ho ropo fl y KpHBajiz oroHt no npoxoszK 6es npeflyiipwcfleHHs, c *paon KaK npocTO He^b3H fi**, xo A ztb. Ilocae topo H OCP Hn.epOB, OXXZ y6ZJIH B paHZJEZ HeCKOJIBKO H6HemcZX CO^flaT pany ropofla CTajiH HecTZ caim HeMUH. coc5ok jvm ueu HHKaKOH cepseaHoB yrposH He npe fl cTaB.7iHJin KOTopue ociaues z Te HeaHaMEie^Hne rpynnu noflnMbaHROB, jiHCb b BopoHeae.
Eine
fiojibinHH

^;

B 19ii2 rony HeMenitas apMiw eme BHiiyiuTpoBanHHe, npeKpacno 6oeBofi bha, 3TO eme 6hjm xopomo xyxe xex, KOTOpHe oOKyHflHpoBaHHHe k BoopmeiiHue hbh3Hh, He HeKHH nonpeaHeity yae^o BHflLS see ctojihuh EspoHH. H flpaazcb H HaCTOfiMHBO.

coxpaHHJia cboH npe&HzE,

TaHKOBKe K.7IHHBH KaeKcTH <3e3OCTaH0B0MHO u HeMnes npescaea ion na boctok h kpo-boctok. Ho He 6axo J^e y xBacrJTHBHe ro^toca o na fl ennH yBepaiui'^TH. Bee w.w .xgymin te-wjKPH TI ^nnn.nfp.l.'ta, O CKOpOM K0HU8 BOHHH.
BopOHejS
B3H.7IH.

58

33

To^CTeHBKuM, HHoeEbKufi ejth p$ie6ejib, KeMHoro roBopHBtiruM nO-pyCCKH / B POCCHK KOr^a-TO BCHJI /, HHHOBHHK KaKOH-TO THJIOBOS X03HK'CTBeHHOH H3CTH, rOBOpEUT MH6, COKpyiiteHHO KSLH3.H FQJIOBO.fi H Tp-ECH P030BHMH lUe^KaJ.iHS
Hex, uafiH xeppH, KpacHan apwan eme He Kanyx, 0, HaK mhoto Cyaer Tn::cejiaH Botfna. 0,Pocchh - sto 3jioM cner, dto mhoro 36Mjih Mhoto exaxt, MHoro cxpejiJiTb.
#

Mh cTo^jTH y oKHa flByx3Ta>KHOro yivioBoro AOKa* B 3tok Aone ocTajracb xojrbKo OAHa pyccKaa ceMbs. Becb Bepx aomr 3aHHJi $sjLbpFh66ejLb c flByira yHTep-odbnnepaMH. Kaaxjayio ho^b oh o<5xoam Aom, nposepaji 3anopbi h nyraj[ pyccKHx echju&ijob.
-

IIapEH3aHeH,

napTH3aHeH?

roBopmi oh, ocBeiuaa sjieKTpH-

MecKHM

cfiOHapeM TCMHtie yrjju.

H CMpTpeji b oTKpHToe okho Ha nycTHHi-iyio yjinny, 3aBajieHo6jlomk&Jjb. aocok. HaA btoM nepTBoi'I yjiimeif, HaA pa3pyiI[QHHHM, HCKa^e^ieHHHM POpOAOM CHHJIO OCJieilHTeJEbHO iipKoe, HKWTBCKOe COJIHUe. H3-3a peKK, OTTyAa, C CODeTCKHX n03HKHM cjrHiira^acb apTttMepHMcicaH KaHOHaAa. Ehjih no HeKenKHM no3nu.iihh Ha ceBepHHX OKpatmax ropoAa.
nyio KHpnmfsi,
;

pyicax*

yjivm.au iipoxoahjih jikah c BeApaMH e SjieKTpocTaHLtHio B3opBajiH c5ojibiaeBHKH, h BceMy EopoHexcy npHxoAHjrocb xoAHTb 3a boaoH na peKy. A tsm c jieBoro depera, c HpHAaHH, rAe ynpenHjiacb KpacHaa apMan, 6hji nyjieue? no Kaji-cAOMy, kto cnycKajica k pene, xoth Aasce HeBoopyj:ceHHHH rvia3 mot otjthhhtb pyccnyio xceHmHHy ot HeneuKoro cojiAaxa,

HHorAa no nycTHHHHM

3Aecb & e, b qtot jsapKHS HKwibCKzfi ASHb hhhto He Hapyurajio noHTH MMpnyro THumny* Ecjik 6u He pa3Bopo^eHHaa yjiHua, He 3aK^ieeHHHe CSynarofr OKHa, He boh tot ueueixKyiU cqjlrslt, kotophM HAeT no npoTHBOnojroHHOK cxopoHe. #oMah ao yrjia, cojiAaT ovjisiAHBaeTCH no CTOponan h npHrHyBmzct nepe6eraex yjiuuy.
<$e6ejist.

Hero oh Hcnyra^rcH?
riapTH3aHeH,

cnpaiUHBam a y po30BomeKoro cbeji&A-

napxH3aHeH.

H ^ejiaa noApo<5He& pacTOjiKOBaTb mho, Hero TaK <5ohtch co^AaT, oh corHyB yKa3aTejibHHH n&jien npaaoS pyKH h Ae^an bka> mto HascincaeT codaMKy, npoH3BOAKT ryfiaMH 3ByK, HanoMHHawmHfi, no ci>o Miiennjo, BHcxpe.nt

58

3^

nyK

nyicJ

hto cojiAaT, nepederaBiirafi yjiimy, Ha^ajibCTBa. He cTO^ibKo (50OTCA napTHoaH, cko^ibko codCTBeHHoro oh b noHCKax tfTO hjih Kyp, O^eHb noxosce Ha to, hto o-rnpaBHJrcK
tee e
dojituie

KasceTca,

hobhCUobo "aHkh, npiiHeceHHoe ne^aKH a3 IIojiburH, dmo, Beo^e ot neMueB. XW" AHMOMy. nepBHM cjiobok, KOTopoe cjiBOirajiii noecTb, BOTeMHO'jnofiaii HeMenKHfl cojiaaT "flM". Boodme JircdHJi nysoe, OTHflToe. bpa^H MysKoe npeHMymecTBeHHo. -JIkXShji hm6hho odaoah6muh He TOJibKO npoflyKTH, ho vl BentH: Semite, o^ew xapaKMaccoBoro nacH. rpa(5e>KH h bopobctbo He uocvljivl T nocTynKa. Tepa, h scer^a Bop-co^AaT cjiobho cthaiwch csoero

eMO

b KBapHa BaTypHHCKoK yjitfue, b BopoHeace, co^ax samejt npHcyTCTByrcmm b rviaTHpy KHseenepa. He sAoposanCb, Ke pji^ah nocTe^H oojibhoh 3a, Moa*a npomeji nepes KOHHaTy, r^e jl&j&bji b py<iHHe xosHHH flOMa, oTKpBw'BepxHHit hjuhk KOMOfla, B3XJ1 Myr.CKHe rvras, ymeji. MacH, 3.000 pydjreM a TaKxce MOJiHa, He no Amman

B KBaprnpy oahoE cTapois yMHTe^bHHUH <5y$eT, bohwh ABa cojiAaTa. To&e MOJina, He 3AopoBancB, oTKpbyin ace, TyT h nomapHJEH b hbm, BHTamnan daHKy BHiifHeBoro BapBHtn noscnpaTb ero. y (5y$eTa, cTa^H jiojscicaKH
Totee b Boponeoae.

Bceny roB Op^e, b KBapTHpe rjiaoHoro Bpa^ra, H3BecTHoro odep-^eHTeHaHT. nposcoa ABe nesea. pofty, ocTaHOBBJECH o({)Hqep, HHKorsa He Xots xo 3 ae B a He hjioxo roBopMZ no-HBMe^a, oh 3AopoBaacb nprocoflM, MOJina yxoBCTynaji b decesH. Mojiva, ne yexa*, ofiHapyssiwH npona;Ky necflsa. Korsa HenponreHHHH rocxb pHUapb B3JL0* KOTbKHX HOEHX npOCTHHb H HaEOjrO^K, TeBTOHCKHH h yKpa* Bee, ito eMyno^paubjl nepeA oii,e3flou Ceabesofi uiKatb raaaa odBopoBaHbhjiocb. nepeA oxtesfloii oh Tosce He cMoipeji b
HbD

CnpaBe/uiHBocTH pasn OTMeiy, hto TaKHe cjiyHaH^npeACTaaOoji jiwh codoio Bce-TaKH HciunoHeHHe, fl roBopio o Bope-ocpnuepe. rpadMH homtm otkP hAaTH, ocofieHHo b nepBHe ahh, Boposa^H u
to*
fla>:;e

Ha y.rauax.

51

oiv oanncajt KOPAa-ro paccKaa OAHoro xaptKOB^aHHHa.BoT

5

"Bh 3HaeTe nonewy a B03HeaaBHAeJi nenqeB? H3-aa canor. T-e. He H3-sa canor, KOTopfi npeaciaBjiajrH A^^ kbk 6b Baw odibH6KA Tosice He Mwyu yeHHOCTb, a ne-aa. hjih <iCHU'r*? Pacncflsy no nop^AKy, .QejLO Chjio Ha TpeTHM
,

W:

58

3*

MeTBepTHE fleiiB noone 3 aHv H THH ropofla. PeunM n npHOflexbTOpOfle npOHCXOflHT. MHTeCJI K nOHTH HOCKOTpeTb, h HOr.._ pecHO Boe-TUKH. m&x Be fl b "ocBOdoflHTe^eH". Hafleji Ha.BHe canorH. Xopoinne, xpoMQBHe. Kfly no pyiiCKon, H BCTpeny TpH coflaxa HeMeOKHX. nopoBHMHCB CO MHOH - ca"noHpaBniHCb - flynara". ft BMj-cy: Ha canorH cnoxpnT.

OTB

hto h norH, aeHcTBHTejiBHO? hm nonpasHjiHCb. fla las, maroB, Combine hx h He EHfleji. npoiMz HeMHH HecKO^bKo odopaHHBaracb. noiyBCTBosaji, b ocTaHOBHJiHCb. ft H fl y, He ocTaHOBHTbca. Ken AQJio. OiwiHKHyjiH ohh mshh - npHiiuiocb
.

flejiaib? noKasHBaioT na canorH: cHHKafc, moji. Mto dyflexe Sochkom. H Beflb He^ IIpimDiocb cHHTb. TaK h npmueji aomoh pasOHXO*, ctojibko canor <Sbuio 5K ajib, KaK nero-xo apyroro, A ohh canorH he T a K cRaaaTtjHafleaAH: owrslji seflb hx.

yjiHue cHHMaMT

1
'

Hefle^^e bhxoHo BepHeMCH cHOBa b BopoHes. Bojibiue flByx to flpyroH paHOH norpedos: to oahh, flHjio Hace.TieHHe ropofla hs oCcxpe^y H3- 3 a peKH. noBHflHMOKy, Jpoht ropo a noflsepra^iCH roTOBKH HeuueB k najibHefimeuy ctsui otohho. He 6ujio sanexHO no A BopoHesca, k bojtre HacxynSeHUB. Bee hx chjih ycTpeitswHCb mmee z CeBepHOMy KaBKa3y.
ffi

Ky fl a nosesyT? npHKao od 3 Ba K yauHH nopasnji HacejieHHe. weoiax? 3 fl ecb Bce-TaKH Mto dyneT? Kan ycxpaHBaxbctf Ha hobhx Co cMyrnoh xpenpoayKTOB. B cboJ? fl oHa h Koe-Ka KH e 3 anacH xany^cb no yaaBoroM noBHflaao Haceaenae Boponea. BepennnaMH pK3aJHhh ceKbaUH, mto HeMnH ne asuih HHKaKoro xpancnopxa. Be,H no* pynn cxapHKOB b . Jc kLh ^yBcxBOBa.* cefla flocxaxb K a K yio-HH(3yflb TeaesKy, tot yae nponyKTH h ca,ffl 8 ctoctjihbhu. BpsuiH c co6oH rJiaBHHM odpa30M H neijRoii, HeodxoH; HOCH^bHHe Bemn. CKO^BKO DpeffOIOUO HPOMX He R ejit. ueiiee AByx hhkxo He 3H aji. BBaicyamra npoflwraajiacb He He-aoBSKa. B ropoae He ocTasiMH hh OAHoro
.

aaVi,

JM om

^ H yaauH o6xo A ^h naxpy. c oodaKM Ho npo^o !.. KocxoBoa, fl rpeKH KOBaHHHNH canoraHH no fiyaHBHoa fl OM, TyjiKO pacKaTHTCnn Hy*caa peMb b ^n iewns no KepiBOiiy ropoay. CKpaneme OTJiofi nyc?S KOHHaxax, coxpannBHHX oTdponreHHaa sanax. tooCHo canoroH - a onflTb H eT KpH.ni.uo, xaonHex SBepb, as-aa peKH. Kepi-Baa THiriHHa. ^a^e KanoHaflH He cjihiieho
HpoBaifflne yae

aBBKyapoBajicfl ropofl nocxeneHHo, papon

3a

paHoHOM.

SBasy

paccipwioM. HenoflimieHne npintaay od 3Ba K yanHH i-poaiwo

58

36

BCe-TaKH HaXOKHJIHCB JlJORli, nHTaBIHEteCfl OCTaTbCH, CKpHTbCH: tek BejiHKa cHJia otoHToro MecTa, poAHoro yrvra, poahhh.

npHuuocb npo^TH BepcT 50, Ao Gojibiiioro ce^a Xoxoji, rae 3BaKynpoBaHHHz onpaurEiBajia cneuHajTbHan kohhcckh k OTnpaBysse no neMeijKoB AOpore. B nepByio ohs~ ji&Jta. AaJibiue^Ha 3anaA, peflb OTnpaBHJiH b XapbKOB h KaeB KHTejurareHUHK): npocpeccypy BOpOHeSCKHX BHC1HHX yHedHHX 3aBeASHHfi, apTHCTOB, HH&ieHepOB, y^HTeJiefi. IIotom Bcex ociajibHHX. feorne pasouurHCL no onpecTHHM
neiiiKOM

AepeBHHi-.u

Ot Boponesca ao Xoxjra huih npocejio*rHH>LH AoporaMH.

fljrHHHafl
1-10M

JlTmnnaH,

BepeHHna
CTapHK,

jioiiraAbio hjih

HuorAa Tejiera, 3anp#;:ceHHafl KopoBoi?. Ha Tejiere ropa Menaces a hohoa&hob, 6ojihjcioAefi,

TejresrceK,

HJIH

A bot Koposa, HaBbipHeHHa^ MeiiiKaMH. CGoKy noflBeiireH oaKon^6hhhM viQTeji AJifi BapKH nmuH. Ha cemom Bepxy npHEfl3aHHH& k MeiuKaiJ pedeHOK. Bee, iro Morjio nepeABHraxi-ca, uleo neiuKOK* HeKOTOpMG ceMbH, C OOJIbHMMH H CTapHKaMH, UUIH 3XH 50 BepCT HO H6THpe-nHTb AHeK.
Ha cyHhxx, Ha cyxon 6ypbHe kek nonaBniHx cAa, b oTKpHTyio Ha KaKHX-TO Aoonax, Eor BecTb cTenb, CnajiH rose b nojie, b Jiecy, Ha q&qrjielx, Koxopne hohth Bee HecjiH c coGoff, h npano Ha rojioK 3eiwe: y AO<5po& iiojiobhhh
ITmny BapHjiH npm.'o b nojie,
:

Hace^ieHHH boiuh noradjiH b orne,

KorAa saxoAHJio cojiHqe h HaHHHajio TeuneTb, pacno^iarajiHCb 3aKHrajrHCb koctph. M HacKOjibKo xBaTaji rjiao, ao T0pK30HTa B OAHy H APyryK) CTOpOHy, T#HyJIHCB orHH KOCTpOB KO^eBbe 20-ro Bena,
Ha noijier,
,

Hh neceH, hh cuexa He craiirajiocb 3A^cb. IViyxo aByvajizi b HacTynaiomefi hohhoS THitiHHe jrioACKHe rojioca, Aa ta^-to b CTopon-;. He, Ha Aopore scghckhh ra*oc, iiojihhh TpesorH h OTnanHKH 3Ba*a
h 3saji:
-

Ba-a-a-jif

Ba-a-ajiH.

Pojioc to npaCjUKcajiCH,

to yAa^urca* HaBepHO, iiaTb Hcnajra

oTCTaBiuero peCeHKa h He norjia Hatftxw. Honb Bee crymajracb h rojtoc KSTepn 3Byuaji Bee OT^a^Kiiee h OesHaAescHee, fla kto SHaeT, KorAa so?a necHacxHa^ KaTb noTepn^ia caoero peCeHKa? Moscer CHTb jre^HT oh hoa rpyAai-ia KHpnana TaM. A OHa Bee HiueT ero?
.

58

37

51

odevnyjtcsz.

Y Hanrero KOCTpa cToswia croptfjiCHHaa wurypa

Pa3peuiHTe oroiibKa bshtb?

no;jcajry#CTa,

KOHe^HO.

FOJIOC KH6 IlOKa3ajICE 3HaKOMHM, H CJMlHJlCfl BCnOMHHTb, tao H BH^eJI 3TO JIHIJO, 3Ty HeXOBCKyiO (5opOflKy* HaKOHeq, BCnOliHHJE.

noQHaKOMMHCB b npouwroM rosy Ha neaarorHMecKoS KOH^epenuHH:

OH
-

T03KG yHKTejIB,

CJIOB6CHHK.

Hy, bot, - KaK 6u npOfiOjiKaa npepBaHHHM pa3rosop 3 - 3aro~ Bopua on. - Bot h ffo^flajiHCb. Bot h npmiuiH, ^to xte Tenepb AejiaTB dy^eivi? KaaceTOH - H3 ophh #a b ho^hmh?..

3aB5I3aJICH OflHH H3 TGX 6kuio ycjuxnuaib oneHb nacTO.

ZIoh nepeiujiH

paSTOBOpQB, KOTOpHe nOTOH M03EHO

nosAHO BeMepois no noHTOHHony BpeMeHHOJiy iwcr Ty, nocTpoeHHOMy HeMqaMH. IIoAHJWiHCb Ha ropy. B cTopoEe ot aopora 3AaHHHi abop, obHeceHinafi oadopoM. OicasHBaeTCtf - to OpyHKHxoj[OBKa, cyKacmeflDtjali aom. CyiiacmeAiirHx HeMina yK6 ycnejiH aBaKyHpoBaHHHe* schtb. B nycxHx Kopnycax pacncaarajiHCb Ha no^h B cyfcia cm e Amen AOMe npniiuiocb BnepBHe crojiKHyxbCH, jihhom k jih ay, Tax cKa3aT, c hoboH BJiacrbio.
nocejitca a ycab<5H HeMijH Ha3Ha^iwiH <5HBiirero BopoHeKCicoro HffiseHepa, cHAeBiirero 3Aecb c 1937 cyMacHiOAKiero, roAa, HHHteKep, apecTOBaHHHS b KOHu.e 1937 roAa, cyueji cHHyjinpoBaTb Ha Aonpocax cyiiaciueAiuero k, nocjre rjlkt ejibuux 3KcnepTH3 nonaji b OpjioBKy, rp,e z BcipeTiwi HewijeB. LtaeHepa a yBHAeji HecKOJibKo no3::-ce. BcTpena^ z pacnpeAejiflji 3BaKynpoBaHHHx ero

KoMeHAaHTOM

nOMOlUHHK.

-q T0 ? Xlpouiy He pa3POEapHBaTb. 3ecb Hosan BjiacTb, iioahhHflmmaacH HenocpeACTBeHHO repMancKOMy KonaHAOBaHtiK. Hto? He 3a HenoA^wneHKe - paccrpe^ Ha MecToJ IIohhtho?pa3roBapHEaTbJ pa3Aajiocb coBceM HenoAajieny z, cnycTH MHHyTy, Z3 tgmhoth bhnopxtiyjia cpsirypa b paoxerHyxoM nzArcaKe h b KenKe, oagtoS Ha6eKpeHb.

Hto 3a pasroBopn? Ilo^euy He 3aHHMaere noMemeHzft? B o/iWHTrAAnarb rtoMtferzeKa. HeneA^eHKO no MeciaMj

-

Iik

AoporK He

3Haei.r,

pasAajrucb pofiKHe rojioca.

I.

38

4to,

sopor**?

ft

Barf nonaacy

AoporyJ

3aopajia

HeoMAan-

HO "HOBafl BJiaCTb".
-

A ^ero bh KpHSHTe? A
T&l

cnpocHJi h.

KTQ TaKOti

MTO yHHTb CyAeiUb?

SI

noKa3aji cboiI. nponycK.

Bha HcneUKot! noMaTH npoH3seji na "HOByio BjiacTb" MarvmecKoe jtetfcTBze* IlapeHb copBajccsr c MecTa h Hc^eo b Ten-ioTe. Hope3 necKOJibKo ktAkyt oh abhjich cnosa.
~

PocnofliiH

KOManaaHT OpjroBKH npHrjraiuaeT Bac k ce6e, V

ocoGhm CTapaHHGM.

Hero

Cyfl33T

HO"HeBaTb

CjioBo rocnoflHH napeiib BHroBopiut c

KoiieHAaHT, KOTopo*;y napeHb npeACTaBHJi weHa, hg 3a6HB CHOBa ynoMHHyTb o ctojib nopa3HBiue>l ero nenaxH c ^jtkhhokphOK&Q&JlCfl HGJIOBeKOU Ha p<3AKOCTb CHMIiaTHHHHli H HH'r: JISM.I OpjIOtl,

Hanr

pa3roBop npepBa^t sob tot

HITa<5

BHBaJtH B

napeHb: KoneHfla-KTa bhHeHQEtKOH ^aCTH,. pacnOJEOECHBEieficfl -B OflHOM H3 KOp

see

nycOB.
EojiBiire
si

ero He bhaoji.
11

IIpoKflaB HHHyT nwTHaffqaTb, mh pemiawiH bohth b 3AaHHe: b cTopone HaA jiecon, cobgtckh6 caHOjreTH- y>:ce noBecmna "dboHapH To^bKo uu ycnGJiH HafiTH Hecio Ha nojiy, TOJibKo jierjm - 3arpoxoTajiH pa3pHBH. Hohb npoBejiH no^TH 6e3 cHa, yTpois napeHb paccKa3aji, hto 6 01.16 h He npH^HHMH 6ojibiiroro Bpe^a, Kpowe o#hoH, KOTopas nonajia irp?*o b aomhk KOMeHflaHTa. PaccKaaaJi na^ pent, CTaBHttS Qa ho^b KOKeHAaHTOM, h HCTOptno norHGurero, rrflTb
.

jiot acaaBirrero

ocbo6osca9hhji K3 cyKacuiOAiiiero AOJ.ta h ytfHToro w&Jihhok cobotckopj 6om6ow *iepe3 Mecflit nocJie ocBo6o;:tAeHHfl,
.
*

Can napeHb oKaoajicn 6nbmhm KOHcoMOjrbijeM H3 coceAHe^o

cejia.

B noe3Aa rpy3Hjrncb Ha Ha^eHbKOK nojiycTaKKe, b HecKOJibkhx sepcTax ot Xoxjia. 3a cb fl BnepBHe yBHAejr ne^aTHoe cjiobo ocBodorx/teniiHX o6Jiacreii - KypcKyro ra3eTy "HobhS HyTb". IIotom n Kyp-oTte ct surra iia/taBaTbcs Apyran ra3eta - "ivypcKHe H3BOctk5I

r
Iff

58

3<?

"HoBHfi nvTb"? ^to B

7ce

M0B a

AO

SoaaI

ho Kor^a

raseiy OT b HeM hoboto? HpoHHTaji ne nory hcho BcnoM.Ha, cefi.ac,

coxpam^ocb OT^TjniBoe Bne,a

HafleHJicH.
tTO JK6

Box ysHROji - nenaTHoe B HeM, B 3T0H CJIOBG?

M eH cjiobo, ^f^ B^ a B^ P a3 HOBoe cjiobo npassH,

e

r K

H" e HeacHofi P eB f Oto Bne.ai.eEHe paso^apoBaHHH h F " ocb, KOPaa b po SHOI Hoot ropoAe Op-ie, jyf opjioBCKyio ^JS^ratenpo fl aBua-HajH><ifflmcH OJiefflyuiHiS fleHb, 3 KynM y Ty "Pe.b".

^_^ f

Ha nepBow CTparaiqe manna:

'TepMaHCKne
EHck" ...

fl

ApuaBHp, oC*ecTHHe soficKa BStum KpacHO^ap,

nexKO n A Ha fl manKoH, npaeee aarojiQBKa,

J I

ho

BHfle^ocBt

KecTHOCTeH". 'Taseia wra HaceaeHKH ooBofioafleHHHx

e He ooBOCSasflOHHofi- Pocchh, Ra^e H a MeoTHQ creK.
.

ocBoSo^eHHHX

odJiacxefc,

I
t

51
f
1

npecjieAOBa^ia ueHa bck cHoBa bciiohhm cfrasy, KOTopaa

#opory H3 BppoHesca.
Kasnrero 3BaK yHpoBaHHHX y bhxoae H 3 3anoi.;HHJi ee, sTy nepeBOfliHqy. fl fl ase
-

yc*
q-ro?;

h ee ot

nepesojOTH HOKeipcoro
ropo fl a.
.

npjnjcKo-sa 310* cgpaan

ofcmjep J,

i t

HH TepMaHCKoM mmepuH. Bh Tonepb HaxoflHTect Ha T eppnTO P

Ha iioeM
HH6r.

xwe,

ba.io,

Hoodpaa^iocB nenoflflejibHoe vsyujiQecjiz <5n

nvxH

mh

oTCTyiweinwi He <5mo.

fla,

oh a Osb, hah,

"

OcBOfioncfieHHaa __3_e?.wa

''

ukoo 11a Qpjiobckom B HOHepe raserH "Peib", KymieHHOM ""OcBodOBfleHHaa aoiwa". OcsoiJosfleHHaa an, B oK3aSe, aalieTKa:
Toif-irruiiTfs.irMio?

58

ko

Ha cTeHe 3AaHHr b kotopom noMemaeTCH KaKoe-xo Hsi.ieuKoe, noBHAHKony, acejre3HOflopoacHoe ynpescAeHiie, npHKJieeH njr&KaT. Ha Hen K30<5pa5i;eK MejroBeK co cicpemeHHHKH Ha rpyAz pyKaKz h BHTopameHHHMH nojiyGeoyMHH^K rura3aim. BHHay Ha njianaTe Cojihmmm 6ejiwm oyKBaira Ha KopHHHeBQM c>OHe HaAnHCb:
CjieBa ot EOK3ajia,
5

"THTJiep

OCBO^OflHTeJIb".
0CB0(5o)i.:AeHHfl

HKKaKHX Apyrax irpH3HaKOB

He bh^ho,..

IlaccaOTpcKoro abh::cchhh Ha >rcejEG3HHx AOporax hbt. Te hgmho/ nponycK/, rne- pyccKHe, kotophk yaaGTCH AocTaTL "aycDaHS Ee3 "aycBansa Boodme MoryT exaTb to^ko b xoBapHiax saronax. HHKyAa exaTb KQjn>3B. ItopoKaH pyccKas KOJiea nepeuraTa Ha y3Kyio, eBponeficKym, h xoaht no pyccKoE aeujie to^lbko HeMemcae noeaaa.
11

Ha njiomaAH nepeA bok3ojeois ctosjie HeMiiH. Mhoto cojisaT, bhahmo tojibko ^to npHc5bTBuriix mo repi'iamm. HoBoe oduyHAHpoBaHHe, HOBHe BHHTOBKH CO CBGTJIHMH, H6 OtfTepTHMH npHKJTaflaMH. 3aMc*iaio, hto ecTb h cochobhg npHKJcaAH. Heyzcejrn b PepnaHHH aepesa HyxcHoro HeT? Oahh 3a ffpyrHM uoaxoa^t BoeHHHe TeiiH03ejieHne aBTOdycH. IlTiomaAB nocTeneHHO nycTeeT. TojibKO Ha yrviy HecKojrbKo cojiAaT y KjiaAHBaioT Tyro HaCHTHG pioK3aKH, 3ejieHHe cyiiKH, KapTOHHHe KopodKH Ha py^HHe caMOflejibHHe TejienKH. 3Aecb, hr yiuty, cSsipxsa neniexoAHbix h3B03^hkob.
TpaMBan, BHflHMo, He xoa^t: Ha pejibcax tojecthB cjioH ebwh, h py^HHe TejroseHHHKH - eAHHCTBeHHHft bha 3fleniHero TpaHcnopTa.

HaHHMaeM h hh TejieasKy, rpy3HM cboh pwioaKH - h ha ok Herpes Beet ropoA ncniKOM. Ham Bosmnja y3Haer, mto mh H3 BopoHesa.
-

-Hy, KaK Tali :a&7tH? EjIOXO. A BH TyT KaK? - ,Ua TOEte Hesa;::HO.
51

hh#.

paccnpauiHBaK) ero. Oh paccKa3BiBaex 6ez tfo^biuoro scejiaH mchh oh ocotSeHiio H He paccnpaiirHBaeT

fla

HTO OT HHX M03EHO rcAaTb, OT tfOJIbllieBKKOB. KOHe^HO, xopourero He iicah. TaK bh roBopme, mto tojioaho 6wio, H y Hac ne jryMi'ie. Beat nepeA yxoAOH H3 ropoAa do^biueBKKH cohcivih Bee npoAyKTH, Hh 006c, hh jtroflflH, a ncy noA xboct, Bcc cokivik. Bh rosopHTe oppose**? SiranuT', 3HaeTe ropoA. 3HaeTe j,Lara3HHH, na KoonepaTHBnoil Cohkh, CK^iaAH h npo/iyKTOBHe h TOBapHHe? Tar: Pti^ COSC1V1H B OAHV HO'^Ib, Bee KBapxajiH ot ^lepKaccKoiJ 3 ao Boc-

Bft.gS

"-

KpecoHCKoS. Bot cefcnac npoxoAHTB dyaeM - yBHAHTe. A hto cjKeHB hg ycnejiH - nonopTiwH. KopocHHOM nyny 06,/iHBajiH. B Tex ropo^ax, KOTopHe iieMeu. cpasy opaji, xotb ocTa^ocb see, jiioah 3anacH CAejiajiH. A y nac ho^ith hto HHMero kg nojiyHMH. Trk epyHAy BcaKyio: y hohji oahh rrpHHTejib nyroBHy npHHec HecKOjibKo Kopo(5oK. flo'cHx nop npPAaeT hx Ha <5a3ape. fla hto oto - 6e3Aejimja. Ra. bot eme ropanoB posb h mirem-meil HeMHoro 3anacjincb, C sjieBaTopa hochjik. Ha otoii KOH-KaK h nepedHBajiHCb.
;
S

Hy,
fla

a KaK xyT hcmuh.

HacejieHHeM?

cnpocsui h*

f
\
t

j:

TaK - Hiraero. Shtb c hhmh eme moiicho, He 3BepcTByioT, nosecHJEH, npaBAa, b nepBafi AeHb flByx HejtoBeK. ToBop^T, '"Hcxpe' Chtotih", hto 3AaHHH nojESHrajiH. A moj^t h TaK, koto nonajio cxBaTHjiH, no a rop^iyio pyny. A TaK HKMero. Bot, Ha ^KpaHHej roBopHT, xyEQ. Tan 3TH caMHe KonzccapH hx HaexajiH* To cbkpencTByioT. He aaE Eor, h k HaM HarpnHyT. A c 3thmh, d BoeHHmiH, e:htb mohcho, Bot TOjibKo <5h BoBne KOHeu.. KaK Tan y Ba:c cjiuwno. CKopo G-xaJimi c^acTCH? Hafloejio ysce. Kohmhtca, moxcst qth AOMoii yflflyT ? IlpaBHTejibCTBO name tfyAST? KaK bh pyua.eTe'?
1

;'

q-ro

a Kor

eiry

OTBeTHTb?

fl

caM xototi

<5h ycjibnnaTB

otbgtli

Ha 3TH Bonpocti.

Ha npomaHhe oh, bhahmo, hto6h o60ApHTb Mensr, BCTynHBmero na

n

ocBodo:KAeHHyio oeiuno** ,

cKaaaji:

I
?-

3HaoTe, 3Acb Bce-TaKK ^er^e. 3Aecb xotb pyraTb momcho h HH^ero. He cacrcaioT. Jler^e ahithtch, xotb h tojioaho.

Bce-TaKH, 3HaMHT, J1GTHG.

>

\
;

KaK h Korfla-TO, nocjre cBoero CercTBa H3-noA apecTa b 1937 roAy, h nocTynaji b Ty ;:ce A^epb, k Moeny dojibuiony apyry*. 3AecB jeh oh? &hb jih? Boa* npoure.* no^TH poa nocjio Toro, KaK hhm, bo BpeHH Koero nocjieAHero npHG3Aa b Ope^* mh BHAJiHCb
flBOpb OTKpRTiaCb,
JftoBJ
II6JI
J

i
i

Mbl

[
jv

KpenKO OCHflJIHCb*

Hy,,KaK 3Aecb? KaK th?

%o

ASJiaeiiib?

I
l
I

f.

B uoeu rojioce, OHeBHAHo, (5Hjia h TpeBora* Oh lie cpa3y H H3 ero paccna3a h noHfljr, mto bc^ 3T0 He to, Mero mh scAajiH. He noKoraTb Han npmuus. Hej,:uH (5ojibUieBH3M cfipocHTb. K Bce-TaKH, ccvih 6h mh AaEce 3apaHee 3Hltih, 3a^cu ohh k Han HAyT - mh 6u nonr.?EH no Tony ae caHOMy nyTH: cHaMajra cdpocKTb
OTBeTEjr.

If

50

k2

HsflejiH
;;cH3KH
(i

Hepe3 .flBe st rcjiqji zokjislr b ropo^cKOM Teatpe b BopoHeKe. Ha adbsnirax AOKjiaA ue.3U&ajica Tan:
B BopoHe::ce npw tfojibiiieBHCTCKOM B^aAH^ecTBG
MOKjia^a ko mho noflouwa
1

'.

Ilocjre
t5HBiiraH

noscswraji ::ceHinHHa,

no BH#y

y^HTetTEiKHqa'

Tenepb cnoKofiHeo. A mh ayMajiK, kto tbm HGKeHHJiocB k jiyMiiroMy. A TaM bcc to see, tojibko xyso. HecnacTnan Haiua cTpaHa.
-

CnacHtfo Ban,
.
.

>l

A tiohquj

y&e

Bce-TaKH cnojcoMHee?
'

mto 1? ee ho c ct aBJisnoT coMHeHHfl: A_ Bapyr oh jiajia, mto ocTajiacB; Tro s^A^Jia KOHija CojibiireBH3Ma* xyso \-. 3na"Bee Tose, tojibko Tan H3LiQHiwicfl, He tot y;i:e " npaBHJibHo nocTynHJia, ^kt
noTOMy",
(

no#yKaji a. GxeBHflHO, a npaBHjibHo jih cao-

aaAHOCTBB) snHTHBaji BnenaxjieHHtt, npHciiaTpHBajrcfl, H3y-

ropoACKoro ro.OBH. Ka(5HHeT 3aKecTHT0jifl. KoataHHe Kpecjra. y KOMHaABepeii aeaypHHe nojnmolicKHG-. BojibEioH lUTax cjiyasamax. B TG MaiUHHHCTOK - CTy^iaT MaiUHHKH. H HH OflHOTO HGlvilja,
KaK
hhg
3 to xopoiuo -

HGCKojrbKHx nodHBa.71 h b ropoflCKoM ynpaBO, r^e bctpotm KafiHHOT aiiaKOMic:. ynpaBa - b oahom hs jrywKx 3flaHHH roposa.

603 hgmjugb.

Kor^a ysHaioT, hto a H3 BopoHexca, ueim

JiHi(a.

oicpjraeaiQT

jiiodonHT-

Hy hto, hto TaM?

3a-

3anecTHTejib ropoACKoro roaoBH, Hoii cTapHfr 3KaK0MHW> KpHEaGT ABopb na mrioH.

-

FaccKasHsaBTe, KaK xan acH3Hb?

c

Oh cJLyvsaeT
-

hhtopocom, noAAaicHBaH.

Kohs^ho, KOHeHHo, a trk h 3Ha^. moto aob^^sl HapOA- -

E&HAa npoKJEHTani 0

3ro ho Hysmo ycnoKaHBaTb, oh ho HcnHTHBaji HHKaKHx^Kojiet5aiiHH. 3HaoT 6ojihUOBU3:-i AOCTaTO^no: nponeji Mcpe3 kohbgCop TlRR/i, ciiao^ iiocicojibKo jict TOJtbKO nopeA cano!* boShoS EHurejt

K.

US

naflpaHHoro Ha CBOdofly. Oh He coimeBaeTCS b npaBHJibHOCTH nocKaipHBaJo Ha saxoth holiugb pyraeT TaK, hto a c ipoBorofi KpHTyrc flBcpt: a Bflpyr Tan cjiheiho. Oh aaMenaeT moh B3 rjifspM.

nyTH.

Ho <5ecnoKOfiTecb: tem ue cjihdiho. flsepH ta h b rjiasa emc no <5ojH,noBHKOB flejiaHHHe. fla xotb h cjihiiiho. 6yACTe roBopHTt. mm roBopm;. Bot noaHBeie aflecb, caua to ae
-

bhahtg, AyCoBHe,

xoth hwoiob b caMoB ynpaBe h Hex, n pafl AOJi noAHKHKeTcs o H a Heh sonpocoB ynpasa peiuaeT cairocTOflTejisHo, B KOMeHfflaTypO. 3HaKOhflHOBHO ropOflOKOfl TOJIOBa flOJHSQH 6HBaTB CepreeBHH CiapoB - Ahbiuhh K cb h c caMHM rojtoBoH. JUeKcaHflp boHhh aayscKH He to cneTOBOofcsmop cTapoH pyocKofi apiam, flo
yaHaio,
^ito

flOK,

ho to (5yxrajiTepoM.
mejiKaeT

y aBcpH ero KaoHHeTa EHcoieHHHH noaimefioKHfi H o, OMHHHHe 3 boKaO^yKaiiH. MaocHBHaa ABepb / a, eficxB H Te J ii, pyccKHe hh>k6 HepH / 6ec cipoiwH p H ACJia^H Koraa-TO, Ha caasy Hs-sa orporaoro cxojia bhxoaht Heo^biuoE mjimo oTKpBisaeTca. CTapHHOK C ryCTHHH ycaHH H EOeHHOH BWnpaBKOE.
-

OiOHb pas- GaflHTecb.

BBinpHiviHBiiiHCb, noOh h b cBoeM KOsicanoM Kpecjie chhht smsy pesaaBEep. BOOHHOMy. Cnpasa, b hoayoTiepsTOM hwhk6 crojia,

^to,
JijX,

hjih
fittJH.

"rocTn" sarjifiAHBaioT?
.

CTOOHK He CTOJJbKO HBTepecyOTCfl BopOHCXCeH, <ito noAPOdneg paccKaaaib o cBoeii Opjie. Bhaho, hgt KaK OTKJLUKl a T0K6, KaK OH npOCTO 60JIQOT HM. Bo MHe OH HaxOAHT jikxSjiio Ham ropoAh oh, yposceHeu. Opjia, toko

CKOJIBKO xo-

Who

dapHK
-

acajtyeToa Ha HeMueB.*
vs.

norau. JIcpyicau TpyAHo, oichb TpyAHO. CBHSHBaioT no KGJIOTOHO aflH. He flaiOT, Ha3VT BO BCC M&BOHH. y fl HBHTajIBHO b ToproBJie npHHep, ToproB. paasiiTb. ffafiie cefiiac csooofly H nonouy H3-no VuSh h Bee AOCTa.. TaK ikst, He flam... ue noiiuy.
ro.iora 3h.^iiitojiiho cHHexoAHTejibHefi k H6MuaH,

iom ero

w 58

kk

Oh ho pyraox hx, a to^ebko najiyeicH, KaK Ha B3SOpHHX, HGnOHHHaiO^HX erO pOACTBOHKHKOB. CxapKK BOpHT, MTO nojiH6i:UH pa30dbK)T dOJIBUieBHKOB, a nOTOM npOAOCTHBHT Pocchh HyW caMOCTOflTOJEBHOCTb,
sai.iecTHTOjib.

caaax hg MHoro. Tfie Bphahxc h b hx nojtojsOHHe.BofiHa. 6"0JIBUie CAOJiaTB, HO MCHO^HH/ OHH BOOMiyT? MOIVEH OH, K0H6HH0,
3r"

maHb-e, Ahu Haiumx sa&Te iiohhxb,

Bbi bot b ra30T6 - nonoraSxe Han,

c5y^ere pafioxaxB,

roBopnx oh Ha npoli

noMoranxe HacejieHHe 3am^aTb. mto mh AOJiaeM bcc, ^to morcm.

jljq-

opjioscKoH rasoTH "Pent" noflirajuracb He komchAaxype, a KonaHAHpy poTH nponaraHAW 2-ofi hgmchkoh apMHH- B peflaKHHH eoko chagjih gahh pyccKHe, raseTa BHXGAHjra <5e3 npesBapHTGjiBHoM ueHsypH, ho Ha hgh bcq 5x0 jie>icajia nenaxb neMeaKOrO nOJlHTHHeCKOPO HaASCpa.

FoAaKmw

.ZLkh

3amHTH h nonoiuH HacejieHHro HCKajxH h HaxoA^JiK APyrne

nyTK. 9th nyTH ihjih Hepe3 jihhhhg 3HaKOMcxBa c HenenKHHH ^hhobHHKaMH, b Copbtfe sa pyccKoro ^e.iOBeKa, Koxopyio bcjeh Bee 6e3 HCKJTOTGHHH HGCTHHe aHTKCiOJIbHICBlHKH, HCHOJTBSOBajIC* nOCTOHHHHM aHTarOHH3M MCStfly pa3JXKHHHMH H6MeHKHMH BCAOMCTBaMK.

Ha^HHaex, Hanpmep, "BsncaAo" / xosHHCTBeHHan BOGHHan opraHH3amifl / npoBOAHTb XEmHircecKHQ noCopbiB pafioHe. Hanaabhhk pafioHa cact k cbejibA-KOMeHAaHTy h 3aj3Bjrsox, mxo b pe3yjiBTaxe caMOMHHHBEX AOfiCTBHli CpOflH HaceJTCHHH yCHJIHBaiOTCfl aHTHHeMeijKHo HacTpoeHHH, yse ecxb cayman yxofla b jrec, k napTH3aHaM nernxn ho MoryT cjiyitiaXB cnoKofrHo. #eji&A-KOCjtobo n napTH3aH mohaoht nepenyraH, EOsMymen. Oh khhtcs b cboh "KopjoKVmxaS xtma apMHH /. OxTyAa jictht cokpcthh AOKjiaAH b mxaC apMHH. B "BHKaAO" dTnpaBJiHeTCH cooTBOTCXByroiaeo pacnopasccHHo.
!l

IIpHKaEe<J>e.nb hot 6e<j>ejib Aa HOMua xviaBHoe - npHKa3: odHpaxb hx, yHH&axb hx 3aH0 CHHxaxB pyccKHX yiirepHeHirtaMH, ^e^ioBeHecKoe aoctohhctbo - oh h ehiiojehhot, nacxo He coruramasich BHyxpeHHe c npKKasoM, ho BHnojnwieT ero AoopocoBecTHO k cTapafojibHO- Cxojib :^e cxapaxejiBHo oh BHnojrH^Ji <5h AHaMor-v
ir
.

ir

pajibHO npoTHBono.'xo2KHHe pacnop^nseHHfl.

OAHa HeMe^<aa haotl, pacKBapTHpoEaHHaa no coceACTBy, ycxpoH.rrn (5c>HtKyc;os:nir[a. /Uw pvcoKHX KHTejioH Haiaero AOMa, otbgjih
?

B noABajie Aona,

rse a

oiceui

b Opjie

IlErcojibHOii

nepeyjHte,

k$

bo aperis ocodei.HO npo A sxofla b nopiu, h* ar.flBHBHoro na^exa, ?acoBHe, cTOHBirae y nycTHJia BooOine necKOjibKHX pyccKHX.

HOdwibmoa

yroji.

O^tmm,

o^BHoro

Ha paccKafcaa 06 3 tom b iuTaH A opTKOMeHflaType. KOHOH aHTa roposa.z ofcaacp fleHb npnexaji k HaM jihuhhh afli-wraHT onpociw BHTOJioh. iuTafla apMHH. OcMoxpeji xioaboji, Ha lacoBHx '". Ha oKparae sarpoxoTOM sohktkh,
5i

f^-^

ffl

Be^epoM, Koraa

fiOHfiSyeeaimo.

aH y cxapyxy,

hh h P h kqkhx

^Ce^ax

H Haoxpea oTKaawaoB. &.** yroBapaH: "f c,nop .Helms Cpocn m^pochnpoKpaTzaa PaaopBaBinaaca .nenofltuieKy carta
.
.-

tf

^
,

jiHCb k noflBajty.

Brooke*, ho bco' HenuH weno BEnomM I\ h a ana. e<cpeTOpa Hoaxraa "ia B Tofi
:

fie$eJTH"

nai,wa.
jhk
on

rapacTa no odpa-

.aoBaL;
m

He^KpaBaTcBoS SS^^ecKBk
BpaaaefioH HamisH
c

wp

yJSirca

flpeatfeSa.-

0.H

cT

apaxe^HC y
,

qhocfo roEOMJi.

Bnojise HHTe-MHreHTHHii,' KyjibTypHHH,

y0e.Ae.i-fi,

pyocK
$H

a S ero Spe fl oBOM pacoBoii "OPHoh, c luryfioiw recTano h KOHwaropaiiH. ero aTOH^on, auopaabHOCTbH), c ero KaK Bam, KaK 6ojitM Hanr ctpoH, - roBopwjr oh, - TaKofi, CTaHa. ItaJiep *a H aTZK 5 oh bco no-

"&

*y* UIOBH3H. ri?Zl ryfiHT. Oh 6yaeT pa3<5nT.

-

EojibineBHaK floaaeH 6htb na hxo bh,' - EOSiiymaji.cH c. bco norndneT... pa 3 <5HT, Mh bwibhh ero pasdzTb. Hna^e wo Harms* norndHGT, Mh Macio Tak cnopiMH. Oh n oKa3HBaji, H 0Ka3HBa.fl, HTO COJIbIUCBH3H.
.
.

Buy xpyflHo

6ujto

aHoraa. OHno flxo, noji.q e roBopaa:

-

ero roBopgrb no-pyccKH. Cnop y T na k oKHy, H3 KOToporo otkphbbjich bha

o*

6 HH Ec ncuBfirw Bamy cxpany z saur H apo fl Ah hh CTEUtHita, bh stoS npoMflTofi bohhh, hh mTJiepa, T* npHOxSb KO KHO B BpO* R **,B TOOTH. .kbx TypacT.fi dH hocuot f hL rajwrepea. A a 6h apHeasaa k boh, Oh KpacHB? pe* san. EipaHTaa. Bh olwh b HeTepdypre? k Kor a hh ctohjih raK y oKHa, oh, oCpamaacb
.

Jf mow ^Jf ^ ^I

OpHawflH,

^,nl

^f,,

H.-Vt

^Oi'OpHMH

KpyaMGOb CTa* PMOK, BOCK^HKHy^:

K $8

U6

nOCMOTpHTe, KP.KOG KaHCCTBO BOpOH.

3to 6ujio TporaTc^TBHo:

"KanecTBO Bopon'

.,.

Booc5me edbpeSTop MoaxnM r.

BOcnoMHHaHHe. hochji ne^eHBe

-

ocTaBtui b mo eft ceMBe xopomee HanpHMep, Kor#a oh npsixOAM - npnKascflHfci pa3, oTAasaH naneTHK neHe, ro.Bopun: tajiyl KOHcbeKTH h,

3to npo Bac.

Ero nonpaEjrHJiH: - JJjisi Bac, Ha#o roBopnTb.

-

0,

bh cosepiLteHHO npaBH:

&jzx

Bac,

ajih

Bac.

3to

rjisi

sac,

PyccKHil sshk ewy hbko HpaBimc^ h oh Bee pa3roBope ohihCkh.

Hanrero HoaxtfMa
thjt

pesce #ejiaji b

cobcsm

opoM

/ tek mm ero na3NBajiH b ceMBe / a BC'TpeHeoaAOJiro #o Moero orbB3a H3 TepMaHHK; H3 ceBepHux HeNemcHx ropo^oB.
He,z;aBHO,

Oh 6wl b apHHH hohth ao Komja bo^hh, Jlepea 3aHSTHeM Jp6 3A6Ha coBeTCKOM apMHeft BepsyjicH TyAaij. H30ecaji mieHa. Ha- no tom Me Ha apecTOBa^H. iVieHa flepscajEH b TiopBivie ne 3Hax>, 3a ^to. IIotom BHnycTHjiH. K hot h Ge*tajj. H tojibko tgnepB noHHMaio, no^euy bh oaecB. CxajtHH - sto Aaxce xysce ruTJiepa.

-ha

Ho^th y Kaafloro pyccnoro

6bui

xaKoit "Ham HoaxHM".

CnpaBefljiHBocTB xpetiyeT otmbthtb, mto h cpeH BHcurero BOeiiHOrO H6Met(KOrO KOMaHAOBaHHH HaXOftHJEHCB JEK3AK, XipOTHBOfteSCTByroniHe npoBe^eHHio aHTKpyccKoH ho^hthkh, 3amHmaBiime b KaKoftto Mepe gazze HHTepecia Hacejienxwi.

PesaKiiHH "Pe^n" b Opjie ne

He<5ojiBiuHx

m&ejio.

CBoero 3AaHHH, B AByx

KOMHaxax cviRejio 6 ran 7 ^ejroEeK. Rojivo HCKajra tioaxoAHiuee noMemenwe. HaKOHeu., hbhmh. IIo^th ne scmoK aom Ha Bo^txobckoh yjiHije, b kotopom jrcujra eqjieko 0Ha ceMBH, ne eo3pa^aBiiraa npoTHB nepecejieHHa, 3 tom cjryHae, ecjiH pe/iaKqaa noflhimeT eil noxo<?myjo icBaprtrpy. KBapxupy HaraH, AoroBopHjrHCB
c

ropoflcwofi ynpaB.opi.
C-'iy -//iMtto

j-3iia,mi

o$ dtom b

urratfe

apicHH k

KaTeropn^ecKH

W$8
-

^7

'

nepe C e,HT, He sarni^i He eeraOKOHTb HacejteHHe, HHMH MaOTflHH. 2-oh ^hkobo * KoMaHAOBaH b to speMH
no TOM B Tana.

="^--^;Sii"*SS
*

aokob

*a

bosh-

^acTBOBaBiiim

Oe*e" He 6H* ftw Hero To.e b E-je nepe, oBanyauneM Op.a,

"

H ct

<Je*e*B.

19g

ra-

;.

ss

ssu TO na

BM

ro fl a ,

-Me^aH^ro-

Ty Pe .

rpa, fl aHCK^H
aeaaini,

*
A-* 55

JgP^^S^S^AaHSSH

Kan-Tan HaK
k

caMoynpaBjreHHH, ero, cBeTJiyio naMKTb.

h^wi JJ

OCT

y BC ex, kto

bb

BoeHHoe
pafionefi

MaH B oHWL^TaS^cepTSS
fiJis

o nafiope

simh

repwaHHH, o rjI

eoABine

caMOCTOHTe^Hoc T

Meo
=

K ouaHflOBanHe hsbuo y P OTKpHBaKHe QTpH

e

Ot ^o ihkojih, xeaTpn, khho. " pe npecc H 8 npoTHB naxaP*f P *|* apuHH / saBHce* h napT^an * So^uieBHCTCKob KOTopne EK cLeHra, ^^ecc HH hoc MH HaccoBsS <5ec- H penpecc H B ^ H f.^^f ro nofinojibfl. b apyrnx MaccosHe T ep

f V*S

z naae ap B oo6me He npoBOflanBob

ne ^acToe HBJteirae.

Komyia iqIi-i rona, b iieMeiiKOM roj^ HanpHMep, seen oi< 3aKOT HenHHX, B Opae, HeKpacoBKe, flo^J o s^wehhi repe, b flepesHe J ox .<*.oob b paoHoe

^M

I (XOOO ao

S,?nSS"!!.^S-"SL.
10,000 MeJioBeK*

58

ii.8

A coBceM He/tajaeKo, b CMojieHCKe xiopBMa dH^ia Hadnxa. recxa no apecxoBHBa^EO flecflTKH ^acTO H6bhhhhx jnoaen. ApecxoBaHHHe noftBeprajiHGB BfftfnaHHJvr h nnxicaM. B EoCpyftcKe b 1 9l\]^ ro^y npoH3Bo#mrHCb CojibiiiHe odoponiiHe patfora BOKpyr ropo#a: phjihcb okoiih h npoxHBoxaHKOBHe pbh, GTpoHjtHCb ywpenjieHHfl-.' B padoxax npuHUMajio ynacxwe h HacejieHHe Eo6pyfica, Ha padoxy xo^hjih yHpextfleHHHiai h npefinpHflTESmh. BojELHHe, cxapHKH, ::ceHiuHHH c ASTbMH nojiyna^EH ocBotfoxtfleHHe. Padoxaioumx KopMHjiH. HeuenKHe coj5#axH h o$HijepH, pyKOBosHBurae

padoTaMz, He

ii03B0jihjih ce6e hh oahoh rpytfofi bhxoakh, He noBHiuajiK aazte rojioca* PatfoxajiH xhcato jiiofleft. H hhkxo He ponxaji, hhkto He tfeacaji b jrec,

CoBepiireHHo HHyio KapxuHy Hadjuo^ajr s b oKx^dpe 1 9U3 roaa b MornneBe, koxophh HaxoflHJiC Ha xeppnTopHH, noflHHHeHHoM
luxafiy
ij.

apMHH.
ptixtio OKonoB BOKpyr roz3jiioo\JieHHHM HeMu,ax,iH cnocotfoM: ech-

3#ecb MO<5HJiH3anH Ha padoxn no

po/ta npoBOftHjracb Hantfojiee xe^reH jcobhjih npocTO Ha yjmijax,

3a(5HpajEH H3 #omob. "Akhha" npoBosH^iacb 3Ba ahs B nepBHH #eHb codpaaH okojio 200 ne^roBeK, 3&rHajiH b KaKoE-xo #Bop, ofiHeceHHsfi KOjuoneM rrpOBOjroKoMj nocTaBHJiH ^acoBHX, Kor^a cxeMHejio, jtioah HanajtH pa36eraTbc#, OcxaxKH nepesejiH b nycxoe 3flaHze, &&JLK cojzomu pjisi cHa, yenJiwjivt oxpany. Ha spyroft flenb ropo o6q$jhq&&ji, MyEcHKHH nonpaxajiHCB. K KOHijy Bxoporo #Hr nojroBZHy 3axBaneHHHx npmuioch oxnycTHXB, noTOiiy hto ohh pafioxajiii hjih cnyrcanz. B pe3yorBxaxe Ha pa6oxy oxnpaBzjiz: He 6ojihwe 20 nejioBeic.

B Eoo*pyMcKe, Mormreae k spyrnx ropo^ax Ha flEepnx Q^auuu^ 3aH^XHX Hei/na?vrn, Btfcejrz, Hane^axaHHHe no-HeMenKH h no-pyccKH,
0(5 bnB.zieHHfl:
,

''PyccKHH bxoa EOcnpeiueH.

Ey#yT cxpejrfiXb".
Uocjxe CHHJIH.

npHe3^a b EodpyficK iuTa6a

apMzz

ofojjBJieHzra

sth

Zla^eKO He Be3fle BoeHHoe KOwaHflOBaHse Bejro oo6r tslk, KaK H Ha TeppzxopHH 2 h 9 apMHw, KOMaH^oBaHHe koxophx npobo^mo Oo^tee ryfcraiiHyio nojiBTKKy no oxHOiueHHio k HacejxeHHM, ^ieM b flpyrnx MecTQx, coEepura.iKCb h MaccoBBie penpeccHH, k 6eccyAHan i>n.'jii'.oai irn.a HnpnwKii ?icnxe.^MMV. yHH^xoseHHe ij[ejiHX #epeb Opjre,

r
58
lt-9

PaHHeM BecHofit 191+3 roffa b nepesHe CoBpncoBKe, npeatfle paccipeEp^HCKOro OKpyra, a xenepb BpHHCKofi oCaacxn, muv,u cxapHKOB, seTew. ipyjihjih necKOjrbKO cenefi napTHsaH: scemuHH, Jiex, paHemie na' "dpociwiH b Jiecy. Iaajib^HK h aeBOHKa, $ w. 8 Jiasapei pycBepHyjiHCb b flepeEHio. KpecTiHHe .flocTaBiwH hx b tat neCKoro fl o6poBo^biecKoro nojuea. BpaM TopHMeB c fl ejiaji net oo ysHajsn peBHSKy, cnpHTaji hx. ^epes HecKMbKO flHeH Heuip*
sioivi.

flexed othhjih.
Ho^tbro

HaMHHaiouenKouy naTpy-jno-H panHB oflHoro .cojiaaia, ynuiz b Jiec, yjinqy yjiima. yTpoM mHHcH b come MeTpoB ot nocjieflHzx aomob aecHToro xyT ouenmiK BoBcKa, BHrHa^iH Bcex uyxiHH - a KaKfloro OTHOureHns k HsmaKoro K e paccTpejHMH. Hh o B hh-h3 hhx He zueji

Ha oKparae EpsHCKa

napTHaaHH oxkphjib oroab no He-

napTH3aHaM,
b flepeBHe, JleTOK 19L.3 ro ft a b 12 BepeTax ot MornmeBa, KapaxejibHHK OTP H fl ,npHnapTusaHH yfiME fflByx HewemsM ocaai. OOPH8JIH B O^HO dHBHIKH H3 MOPHJiesa, OKpyffiM fl epeBHI0. SHTOJieH B orOHb. JUHBHX. MeoTO. H36H nosoBiwiH. JlKfleS CTa^iH opocaxb hsckmmo *eConpoTHBjiaBiirHXCH ySHBajiK. Cobiwh scex. Vnejiejio Ha 6a 3 ap. JnemmijiOBeK, tojibko ie, KOTopae eas^n b IforraeB aoCH^ee, tojiobhk Ha, BepHysmaHCK c dasapa, ysMflejia: Bi.iecTO flexen... h 30jia, a b 30^e ofiyiviHBiuHecH xpynu Tpoax
Iloojie

sxoro Bee OKpecTHHe cejia yuwn b

jiec,

k napxiiaaHaM.
npesffly-

Hotcho oTMQTHTb, ^to Tonne penpeccHH npoBOfliMHHb rjiyCse b ihh, sex HeiiemcaH meoTBeHHO b thjiobhx paHoHax. TaKne flHKHe nojtHTHKa Hocjuia donee scecxoKHe poplin. IIpOBOflHJiH nacxH apMHH, a recxano a cnemaaabHHe penpeccHH He peryjiapHue

*m

KOMaHAH
| \

BOficK CC.

Erne xyrce

|
!

Mopajibio, c ero nonpaHweM PHJIH codofi r H TJiepz3M c ero BBepHHoB xeppenHfleefa B05.KHX npaB He^oseKa - He H eua, c ero dpeaosoH
coojifcKa"

Hony cxse cBoeu MjieHH H

boctoh6ujio nojiosseHHe b ofijiaCTJix, no fl HHHeHHHX "3o.7ioTHe (f-aaaHH", b ScwtbinHHe-. MKHHCxepcxsy Posendepra. aj*HOHaJi-comuuiHCTHiecKOH napTHH, ojiKiieiBO-

' j

3ojioT5ie (basara"

KHe KOJIOHHH, hhojibkhK xapaKTep.

cMoxpejiH Ha sansnue oewjin, KaK hq Heneqotkphto ko^dH H6MeKafl no^iHTHKa 3Aecb HOOMa

npo.THB ue~ SajrojKHHMecTBo, paccTpejrH, MaccosHe penpeccra noBceAHeBHHM OTjienneM jihx HacaaeraHx nyHKTOB - Dee dto 6wio

N?

58

H a Kcpame k b BeaopyccHH, Bee 3T0 K HH03SHHHM npHJ'iejIbliaM.

nqpowaao yxyx> HeHasucTL

MaiepaajrbHo cobcbb Ha yKpa HH e, Hanpauep, KpeciMHe saJia b *>* * xopomo, bhShht^ro *y,me, ,eic *o boMhh ofiaacTflx, ho aySme, *e b ijeHTpajibHHX oKKynapoBaHHHX

es

BH3BaTB HHMerO, KpOMe HeHaBHCTH.

Hofi HVK)

se^e. Ha
D03HB

XoafflitBHe,

lieBfly

H aanpawep, fieuqa P a3 Hac&aeHaeii, noompiMH TKpaHHCKHM H nMBCKHU

"oo^S

ocjienjieHHHe HenaBHCTbio KpafiHHe HamioHajiHCTH.

hpohsborhjih Maccoeoe ho Tan ne, b XcwmnuiHe, neuqa a oaH .o-rpe^OHC He T pe6^6H H e Hace^ieHHH. Hp^eM 3 fl ecb COHyBCTBHH K K0MUJKK3 : Mil MX C6MBH, He JIKflH, 3 an0fl03 P eHHHe S My: HCTpefijifluiocb Bee nacejieHHe.

^P

Bot pace-Ka3 cBHiueHHHKa

Xojimiiihhh:

to hojiskh peBajiH "Ma nana, KaK Ha dbpoHTe. KaAjr homb yKpaHHCKHe HaqHOHBJiaCTH yKpaHHUeB, TO yKpaHHL(H HOJIHKOB.

nep He npHHKicajEH. HaooopoT, mh h xex h flpyrwx.

3Haj. H ,

^to HeMyn noompaiDT

CHcxeMaTHiecA tTO CaMH HeMUH TBOpiMH. OHH npOHSBOSH- yBosunH i*ejnie Koe HCTpedJieHHe Hace^eHHn, Bcero noApaAyHHHTOscajiH. b jiarepn cMepTH - a noroaoBHO fl epQBHH
Pbho yT P"> HHKor fl a He aatfyny oHoro cxpauiHoro ahs. rpoMKHB cTyK b flsepb. Korfla eme Ghjio Terao, Meiw paatfyfliw51

nofloiueji

a k flBepn,
-

cjiyiuaio.

- OTBOpHttJ

KpHHHT,- H nO-HOJIBCKH h no-neMeiiKH.

flsa

OTKpHBaio flBepb.
-

acocosua a nojibCHzft nasmeCKi[K.

HeMeflJteHHo Bee na nJiomaAi!

oflejica,

paaOyAJW eHy, fleTefi. Ha njioutaan ysce oqenaeHa dcscobc'oOHpajrHCb KpecTbaHe. Bca naomaflb (5HJia Kor H a corHaaH bcb AepeBHto, naiia c aBTouaiauH a coCaKaua. dcscobckhK BHiiecJiH ctoji a dyji. K CTo^y ceji up moh-brs
Koe -KaK

h?

58

3C3C0Bua no dOKaM ero ctohjih flBa 3opoB0HHHX Hem ohjiO c'aBepm'HMH MopAaj.m a nojihCKne nojiimeHcKHe. okoxnpKKaoaHO no o A Houy noflxo fl HTb k cxojiy. 3cscob9ii a fcaxaji pyKon. BarjiHAOM poji na icasfloro TycKjnm cbhhuobhm
orfranep,

HanpaBO. HajiGBO. HanpaBo - anaiKwio: cnepTB.

-

HanpaBo,caTex, Koro 3Beponoso<5HHH 3 c3COBea. oTCHJia;* HHKOPfla He yBHSaj(H B MaiHHHH B yB0 3HJIH. Jfa 3HajT H , HTO
flKM

yae3eHHHX.

ymepa3flHpaBmHe cneHH. 3Bepb, b o6pa3e ceH6H: jneiiy Ha^lejioseKa, ohhhwhh sa ctojiom, pasjiy^iaji poflHTejieH - nanpajieso, uya nanpaso, fl eTe8 - na^ieso, homoihh oTBeiajm cToawne j bo. Ha uoBbda, Ha kP hkk o noraMH, najiicaMH. cio^ia: ohh Chjih jiiofleii npaKJiaaaMH,
npoHcxoawjiH
fl

nan&cKHii noJHHjeSKorna a nonomeji c oeMBeH k cxojiy, ctojiom h mto-to cKasaji ckhH HaKjioHsuioa k CHHHmeiiy sa eny Ha yxo.
51
'

TOjibKO paccjiHnraji; Pyccmiie non'

.

3Bep& nocMoipeji Ha Me ha h MaxHyji pyKoK: "

E'TO

'HajieBO'."

3Ha^HJI0!

'

IIOKa

SKH3Hb

'

oflffl-i

seKcTBOBaji tojilko Ha OKKynHpoBamiEix HomiauH xeppnTopHHX BoeHOHaiajihHHica, ot 3aK0H: saKOH npoHSBOJibiioro npHKasa
flo

KOMaHfflyiomero api.raefi
KaK/pafi

KoMenflaHTa iyiyxoH JiecHOH

fl

epeBHH.

K0M6H fl aHT

H60 HHKaKKX SaKOHOB, KOBOACTBDBaTbCH, KpoHe npecjiosyroro MajibHHKa, y Hero hg 6wjio.

codora mweu He orpaHHHeHHyro BJiacib, HHKEKHX IIOJIOSeHHW, KOTOpHMH OH HOP 6V pyhbjihji

"<5e*e

"

Banreoxoamero Ha-

1^00 nosTony b XaptKOBe, Hanpmiep, vp.e ocTajiocb Oimo uncwr: MecTnoe KOKaHfiosaHae sanch^ HaceaeHim, homth He BoeHHoe oaHflOBape TIM o oTKpHBaTb iiwojih. B Opjie, Haofiopox, P^oMenLe He tojibko flajio paspemeHae na OTKP HT H e mkm, ho k nMHitBOM. coBemaHK* b cneuHajibHHe flosajio cod.ipa T B ynHTe^efl na

okojio

tk-

jcoiiHCcapn PooeHOepra B xex ofiaacTflx, r fl e xoaaHHireajiH paonopaeHHH Posendepra u, ohh neHcTBOBajin Ha ocHOBaHKH odmHX Hero moh Jiesaa iiora xoner. na" ooiioBniiHH HssecTiioro "npHHmma"
:

l,

58

52

<5hjih

B y-KpairnqKiix MecTHHx caMoynpaB^reHH^x neiviuH whopa^ Aa^e OToro He nponcxoflisjio b apaieKcKHX paMonax. cjiy?.caii{HX.
V

HeiiqH Chjih h patfoHHX Ha npeAnpiujTHflx.

A na oaKOHHoe E0 3-

uymeHKe pyccKnx
-

OTBenajivit

Ho Ceo DToro hgbo3M03eho paOoTaTb.

.

y Hac Tozce 6lh>t yne-

HHKOB.

6htb, h 6bK)T - b EBpone... PyccKoro s:e MejioBena B03MymaeT can <aKT <5HTba, (5e30THOCHTejiBKO k Tony, Kanyio uojib oho npecjieflyeT, "neflaronraecKyro" hjth KaKyio-HHtfyAB HHyio. B 3a 3a HKBfl H tfl-UEB, H nHT&HH; Z3<5hBOJH apeCTOBaHHHX B MIUEHIJHHj B^aCTH He KpHTHMH .^BCpflMH, HO HHKOP&a HK OflHH IipeflCTaBHTejIb pncKHyji y^apHTb nejioBeica Ha yjitme, ny6j[tt*iHO. B $aKTe H3dHeHHH / QTO He OTHOCHTC3 K oGHIHHM jOpaKaM / pyCCKHH HeJIOBeK BHflHT yHIIilCGHHe HeJIOBeHGCKOrO AOCTOHHCTBa.

Bmex

M*e pr.ccKa3b!BajiH: b ropoAcicyro ynpaBy Hetfojibmoro &HopycCKOro ropo^a Bopsa^cr HeMeu h iianajr opaTB Ha-ceKpeTapa ynpaBH Tpetfya KaKHX-TO no^BOff, KaKHX-TO. KBapTHp. CeKpexapb otbctm, HTO OH He fciOSCeT HeMOAJHeHKO yAOBJieTBOpHTb BTH TpeCOBaHHH, ^TO HysHO noAOSflaTb. BodemoHimH HeMeij y flap an peKpeTapa, B sajte, rfle cHflejio HecKOJibKo cnysaiuHX, HacTynHJEa rpodoBaa THHiHHa. CeKpexapb nodJieAHeji h khcthjimkbho oxBeji pyny Ha3afl. Eme MHHyTa - h oh CpocHjicfl <5h Ha HCHua, HoMea, noBHfiHMOMy, nonyBCTBOBaji x^onnyji ABepbio, bhckohm na yjiaiiy. Bee 3TO. Oh noBepHyjica h CTapajiHCb He cMOTpeTb Apyr Ha spyra- B BauieM npHcyxcTEHH yAapmm HejEOBena, Bspocjioro KejioseKaJ 3Toro pyccKHfc He mokct npOOTHTbJ
AHTHBeiieiiKHe HacxpoeHHfl pa3JiHj[HCb ninpoKOH eojthoM no ecqS OKKynHpOBaHHoSi Pocchh. HomjeB otojivi H6HaEHA6Tb. Bee. H b tom
hhcji ydeascfleHHHe aHTH<5ojibiireBHKH, y^acTHe b 6opb(5e c 6ojibmeBH6MOM,

npnHHMaBi"He caM'oe aKTHBHoe

CTOHBWHe p^aom

c HeMijaMH.

Tpy;;HO CKaoaxb, kota& HMeHHo npoH30iueji nepe^oi.i b HacTpoeHHH HaaejieHHfl* IlepejioM npozcxoAHJi nocTeneHHO, noA bjijkihhgm p^Aa npHHHHr noA BjriOTHHeM cTpaniHHX secTOH H3 jtarepefi BoeHHoiuceHEHX, noA bjthhhhcm BHEOoa e repMaHHK paOoMei-i ckjih, iipeHMymeCTBeHHO MOJIOACaCH, HOA EJInnHHeK BCe^ nOJIKTHKH HeMneB, He CKpHBaiomnx flasce' cbohx qejie^ pacMjreHeHHH, yHHHTO:s:eHiia Pocchk> nopadoineHHJi napoAa.

rtiTJiupH^HXt.

Jlarepn BoeHHOiuieHHHX - oaho hd caimx thhckhx npccTynjteHHH Mtltt.imohh jiioAGii cAajEHCb b n^ieH. JWHJUTHOHH Jtiofleti ro-

"

K-

58

53

Hx, IOEH (5HJIH BOeBaXb npOTHB COJIBIlieBH3Ma, pflflOM c neMH.ai.tH. yHH*TOBaH rojioflou, 3TH iibjmehohh, sanepjm aa npoBojioKy, hx hx ydHBa^iH!

ome <5yaex jiarepax BoeHHorureHHbix pxe MHoro HanncaHO. H

HanncaHO.
H npuBefiy tojibko
"...
flBa

paccica3a.
:

hthm He6--.. 3a nposojiOKoM 20 THC.qn MejiOBen. IlOfl otk P rHHjiyio KapnpnB03HT CfoMa- He .jtraflH, a TeHH. Hnorfla HeMun Ha Bcex HexEataeT. Bot Befiyx jiomaflb, xyxoniKy,' KOHHHy. H ee nNxaioTCH npoTHCrjk, kocth h Rosa. Tojina scflOT. 3apa Io^bko h7tbch fiaane k xoi.iy Mecxy, Kya BnycTHT Jiomaflb. cpocaexCH 11a Hec. 3T y jiontQflb nycKaroi sa npoBo^ioKy, TOJtna imnyi 0rpoHQH Ky<ia fiapaxTaranaxcH Tea. Hepes HecKO-abKO Uoojiep.Hex. Ha tom MecTo, r fl e cxoiuia jsomaflb, - amaro kxo-to no COOaHbH CJTKBHBaeX C 8JIH. HHe WIIUIH KpOBH oinojiaanT IIojiypassaBJieHHHe, no bghckh cny^H k npHinxan,
B OTOpOHy.

KaK Bceraa, B Jiarepb npHBesjiH dajianfly. Ee paosaioi, aueioT: b cxapnM, wawatuk kona flsope. Eopyx b to, wo b Kpy>:;Ky, b manTejiOK, b saprcaBJieHHyio KOHcepBHyw <5aH K y, JiaKaWT TyT SB, He B CHJiaX KV, npOCTO B ropCTH... OflHH cnnx, b dojibiiioe nflaxb. flpyrac, fflaxascb, Hecyx Tyfla, rfle - b xiopBMy. ^iHHHafl, /yiHHHaH jtecTHima. KaiieHHoe 3 fl aHHe Ha nepEe.xpyrHO oaojiexb o6eccHJreHHHK ot rojiofla jhoahm. ynaji a He mop Bciaxb: boK iwomaaKe jibbht ne^oseK. Oh o <5ajtaH fl e, Tenepb MepxB. Korfla xofliw, HaBepHo, bchomhim neMHoro. He^cMor: bhxoTeji ncpen ciiepTbio imoxHyTb xoTb hokphthk ko P koh saMepsavul see Ha rpyab. TaK a jresxaT, dm BHuie,Ha jiecTHsme, e^e pa xpyna. no yip raefi aaaaHAH. aaHHHHMH laTatfojuiHB, xpynbi bhhocat Ha flEop a duiafiHBam KaK apoBa"
.
. .

CTpaUIHHe KapTHHH.'

jiarepax boshhob 1914.2 h 1914.3 roflax, nojiosenae b II03re ito b 1 9i|.1 rosy eHBHx peaico H3MeHiwoob. Hews yTBepaaajia, hto He noflroTOBaaH ohh ho okbamh raKoro Kow-iecTBa iwieHHHX,

noHemeHHH, npoflyKTOB.

MHoro, CnopHTb He npaxoflHxcsi: rwieHHHX saxBaxiMH cnwmou xpareflHK, npoayKTOB ho oanacMH, ho Kan oCmchhti dodpyHCKyjo xhchh He^toseK, rfle nHxasmnxcH bhp rfle corawn shbhmh necKO^rbKO
T'm.-hP-.-i

113

aviist

paooxpejiHBajrH H3 nyJteMGTOB.

58

5k

DpoHCxoAHJio 0O3HaTGjiBHoe Hcxpe<taeHKe njreHHHx z rpa&AaHcKoro HacojioHHa.. no sapanee npOAynaHHOMy, paopafioxaHHOMy mm-

CTKCHys ,3y(5H, cxokjih Ha cbosm nocxy aHXHtfojibiueBZKZ^ nepeA zx rJiasaivZH >::e ctoxjlo ABa cxpamHHx npzspaKar HOMeijKHfi mTjiepH3M z 6ojibiiteBH3M.

Mxo

::ce

cxpaittHee?
5

OAHH He BUACpSXZBEWIK, yXOflHJIH B JIGG, K napTH3aHQM Ha*IH~ HenoKOJieo'HMO hqjih CecnomaAHO 6ztb hckiiob. flpyrze nonpesneMy H Eepzjiz, *ixo ctohjiz Ha csoeM - cHa^aJia pa36HTb (5ojibHicBZ3Mj nopadoTHTb Pocckk) HeMOu. He cMorceT, KaK hzkto h HHKorAa He
cnosseT ee nopatfOTHTb.'
SCJIZ 6H H6 COJlbJUeBH3M 3 6CJIH 6H HeUIjH npZULrtZ B CBOtfOflHyiO Pocchk) - oaBoeBaxb eo, Pocczh boa 6h ynwia e Jiec. H Tor^a, ;;-. AezcxBzxejibHo, 36Mjih ropejia Ch nofl Hororc 3asoeBaTejiHS
zjtz Hai;Z3M? OcxaBHM B BneMaTJieHHfl. OopaTZMCH k $aKTaM. IIpz cTopoH cyfoeKTHBHHe OTOxynjioHHH KpacHoii apMHH b aanaTHX He^uara o<5jiacT5ix ocxajiocb CojibiiieBKKaHK, 70 uwuiKonoB HQjioBeK, KOTopne He xotojih yiixz c Ha 3anaA Oerymze ox GojibiireBZKOB satfznpn OTcxynjieHHH homuob pyzcteu, beuth see Aoporw. B 3aHHTHX HefcmaMH otfjiacxHx ctomo noA COGflHHGHBiXX, 6QAGQ 500 B floGpOBOHbHeCKHX aHTHfiOJIbllieBHCTCKHX THCHH MeJIOBeK, HeCMOTpH Ha rHTJtepH3MJ

TaK HT0-S6 CTpaiUHec? EOJIblL[eBH3M

Ha nepBuz bsiuiha b oKKynzpoBaHHHx ofijiacxflx KaK-xo Ha^ianaAHJiacb >KH3Hb. B npHcbpoHTOBHx paBoHax c KpecxbaH He (5pa^iz yromajrz KpenKHM canoroHOM c jioroB -,h 3Aecb Bac'oCflsaxejrbHO aHHHimoH z xopoiirHM KycKOM cBZKoro caJia. flasno xaKoro He BH-

Boodme roj[OAHO amaz, ho 6a3ap xoproeaji Cozko, 3acxaBjreHBsoocb? Oxh:jh AecHTKaMH KpccxbHHCKZX noABOA. H oxKyfta hto KyAa oxz HOBHe Tcjiertf, mycxpHe jromaAGHKH?
OTKpEUTZCb KOMHCCHOHHHe Kara3HHH H pa3JIH^HBie peMecjieHHHO KacTepcKKO, DaKycoHHHQ h nojiyKycxapHHe 3aBeAeHza no BHflejnce Mima z naTOKH.
-

jtioaz

B ropoACKHx ynpaBax codzpajiHCb Ha xyAo:rcecTBeHHHe Be^epa, xoazjih Apyr k ipyry b tooth, ycTpaHBajrn KpecTHHH z hmg-

HKHH

VHHTejibHKua uy3HKH Aasajra MacxHHe ypoKH, a no. rjraBHHx yjim\a-x i.ia^b T iin(rTcu- pasnoc^HKZ bHKpHKZBOJiH Ha3BaHZH MeCTHHX

'

58

55

Ho Bee 3T0 6ujio KaKoe-TO hu HacTOKiueo* Co3HaHHc, hto hs ceroAHH-aaBTpa noKaTHTca <&>oht - emo ycHJiHBajio 3T0 cxpaHHoe Bne^ai^eEHe ot oKpyscarauero. A qgjiw. Aaxce HekUH h no6ep,nT, to MTO 5ICe dyAGT? OGBOOO^flOHHHe MQCTHOCTH? He POCClltf, Aa6 HG Bee cvuihuee pa3ropajiocb b cepAuax odJiacTH, a m octk octh. oarurejeio<5eh k Pocchh - nopyraHHOK a juozeti ropfi^iee^c/BCTBO
.

npacHy^ioeb, BcnJtujio Ha noBepxnocTb ayiuH, doKO nptf (5ojtw-jeBHKax pejiHPHOSHoe vyBCTBO.

f

cnpsxaHHoe

rviy-

BOpHHG OdpapH. MOJEHJIKCB TQK, KaK flai3HO He MOJISWHCb. He 6HJIO C6MBH, E KfiTOTDOfi HO fiHJEO tfH CBOerO POpfl, HO 6UJIO 6U KSpTB: apecTOBaHHtix HKBfl a norHdmax b CudtfOH, HacmibHo aBaKyHpoBaHhhx Ha BotfroK, bqhthx b apMHB h nponaBirax des booth, noraddoMdaMH, koiuhx b jiarffpHx BoeHHonJiei-iHbix, ydKTKX cosercKHKH mhphhs pyccKHe rcpo^a, yseoeHtopho Kass-Jtyio hohb ctinajiHCB Ha rep:*aHH hq paCOTH, irponaBiUHX b sacxeHKax TecTanOj oc-

Fo.?iHmHsiCH nepenojiHHJiH

uepKBH,

.to

/jepeBHM hochjih nyAOT-

hhx

TaBIUHXCH TBiU s
Ecjih 6m
Taj|C55 j5h

3a JlUHHeS

4)P 0HTa *

:*

pyccKoe rope RHMVUtoch KaK oroHB, to shmom onyeecb MHp

!
;

Mojimhcb ticTOBoJ Mae He 3a6feiTb nepsoro nocemeHM iiepKBH KOTopas b Opjie. IM npmmvt Been ceMben, c seHofi u AO^epbio, BXOflHJia B U[epKOBb nupBHK pa3 B RH3HH.
k Bflpyr" yBHfleji, kqk y flO^epH, y gtopo KajieHLROrp nejioBOKa, BnepBtie BoureAiuero b xpaw, notfeacajiH no
Korfla

mh

boilvih,

menaM

cjie3H.

Kan b 19i|1-li2 p.p., bsphb pejEHrtiooHoro MyBCTEa b repwaf HaOjiKflajr emc pas, b ahh HaciMbCTBeHHoS penaTpnaiiHH ceds hhh, b Te caMNe ahh, Koraa cojiAaTH cxpanH, c^HTaiomeH pyccicopo onjioTOM cBodoflH, BHTaEKHBajrH H3 uepKBH 3a dopoAy CBameHHHKa, a mojehiuhxch rnajiH npuKjiawMH b MamaHK - hq cwepTi.
TaKofi xce,

20-21 HiojrH Hanajiacb oBaKyaijHH Gpjra. IIotom line npniujiocB OCTaBHTB HeCKOJTBKO p3r C CKHX ropOAOB! Bp^HCK, ClffOJESHCK, MOPH a 'poflancfl pi BHpoc, a ocTaaiM jegb, EotfpyiicK. Ho b Opjie, rfle' POAHHy.
.

B mohx AHGBHHKax sanHcaHO ohshb cKyno:

na (JjpoHTax aapiuio oTHOCHTejibHoe cnoKofeoTBHe* OAiiaKO dto cnoKoficTBHe TpeBOKHao. 6^po UMJia
f,

flo

5-ro

HKUiff

58

56

cBOflKH npHHOCjiH K3EecTHe, ^to b pa&oiie EejrropoAa h Opjia nanajiocb dojibwoe cpagceHHe. IIo3iice EHscHHjrocb, ^xo
.HeireijKHM
6huio npeAynpeECAOHO KypcKHH KyjiaK KOHTp-yflapou y Be^iropoAa. cocto^iuhH H3 20J KpynHHX coeflHiieHHfi, He hot coKpyuiHTB coBeTCKoro cJpoiiTa: CKopo oh noTepHJi cbom yflejibi-iyio chJiy. Cpa;iceHHe see pacnpocTpaHHJiocb Ha ceeep. HanojiHCb KpynHHe 6oh b paftoHO Hobocma, MueHcRa, BojixoBa, Ha CGBOpO-EOCTOK H CGEOp OT OpJ[a. BOJIbllieBHKH BCe BpeiJH noAtfpacHBajnH cbcmg ckjth* 19 uiojifi cTajio H3BecTK0 o npoPBise HeMeyKHX jihhhh b paBoae k K>ro-3anaAy ot EojrxoBa.
r

rpaH#no3Hpe coBeTCKoe HacTyiuieHHe

'

nOflOKIJIH K SC&TieOHO AOpOKHOS JIHHHH OpCJIno a Opjiou HaBHCJia yrpooa OKpyEceHHtf* B ropo^e na^ajiacb naHHKa. 21 kjqjih a c ceMtew Enexaji & Ep,ehck

COB6TCKH3 TaHKH
BpaHCK.

ITopeA caMHM OT'besAOM ko

dojiburS Apyr
1

mho

sauieji

npocxHTbcs

moK~

KOTcpN# ocTaBajroH e Gpjie.

oneHb

CBCfleniMi

pepe3.aHa.
isac*
Mli

TpeBo;iciiHe. }Kejre3KOflopoKHas jikkhh neBa*: ysacTCfl: npocKOMHTb. Eo&cb a "aa Bpflfl-jiH

npocKOHHJiH, noTOMy ^to iioa Xothhu&m npopBaeiiryiocn

yKZHroacazc. rpaHaTaMH pyccKHH ffotfpoBOjibHecKHfi CaxajrbOH. Hcmhh notfpocajiH opyHcue h b naHHKe deaxajm. flodposojibaH ocTajiHCb Ha MecTe - h cnaccTth nojio&GHHe* TaHKOBnM oxpaA ro^iotbobbji no homgiikhm THtnaw, oohji naniiKy, Ho oh ho hmqjl cbh3h go cbohme. flopora Ha EpaHCK 6ujta cE06*0AHa.

rpynny coBeTCKHX TaHKOB

Opoji jxepizaJtcsi ao

4 aerycxa.

31

nsojffl

a e3AKJi TyAa

giuo

pa3 E3 Bp^HCKa* FopoA nycTHHOH. To, kto peuiHJi ye3;:caTb, yexajrw. To* KTO OCTEUCfl, KG BHXOA^T 603 60JTblIlOH Hy/CAH Ha JJllHIXyt nojisyT cjtyxK, <ito hgmuh b nocjreAHioio KHHyxy yroHHT c codo$ bccx trysHHH. flsepK b AOKax ilkotho 3aKpHTH, Ha OKHax cnymGKH 3aHaBecKH. PeAKo-peAKO cKpunHeT Kajmxica, noKaaceTCH jseHCKafl rojiosa - h CHOBa cnpHHeTCH YjmiiK nycTBiHHH, To^IbKO Ha KpOMCKOff H KapaHGBCKOM, BCG B OAHy CTOpOHy, k BpHHCKouy iiTOcce, nponocKTCfl OAHa aa ApyroK bochhho MauiHiiH. B ueiiTpe, Ha MpcKOtcKOia h Eojixobckoh, canepH
p ByT
6 ojrbiune 3 AaHH5^

Bot h OKpanna, noc^eAHHG AcpeEtfHHne aoi/IHKh* Ham a MaHTHHa BHe3BcaoT Ha Ep^HCKOe urocce. ILfocJiep Aaer ra3. H noc,5cahhh pa3 odopaHHBaiocb Ha3aAj na ropoA* Grann-ia A^^eKa^

58

57

panoHe KaHOHQAa. Cjiesa, HaA HaropHofi nacTbio ropo^a, e h CHBUiero KaACTCKoro Kopnyca noAaror^ecKoro MucTHxyTa EHP HBaiOTCH nOflHHMaiOTCH KJiydH CeporO flHMa, BCJieA 3a HHUB EOpHT,.. CHH3V &3HKH imaMQHH. TopOA
5

MecTHHe cafcoynp aBJieHHfl

pyCCKHX EOJIBLT&BHKH SceCTOKO pacnpaEJWUIHCb C pafiOTHHKaMH naramiH h o^HuepoMH canoynpaDjieHHfi h oco6ghko c paCoTHHicaKH OTpSflOB, KOH COflAaTaMH AOdpOBOJIbHeCKHX aHTHfiOJIBIHeBHCTCKHX
TOpnx hm
yflajrocb

3axEaTHTb npn HaoTyjuieHHH.

yna3 o eeg B 1k3 roAy BepxoEHHB Cobgt H3A^ cneuaaflbHirii H3M6Hy poakhg H Aghhh CMepTHoB KasKH nepes noBOireHH - "aa coTpyffHHHOGTBo c BparoM
.

'

saxBa^eHHHx B KpacHOAap, ^epHHFOEe h Apyrnx ropoAax H H3KeHHHKOB", HOCJIC *eCTOKHX HHTOK H My^OHHlS E HHCIlHHpOBK mocto Ka3H cyna, BaurajiH Ha uteHTpajibHHx iwomaaax, cornaB Ha npramaH KacBee He-cGJieHHC. K jieTy 1944 ^oAa jij6ji^wo R a3HZ b kskaom AecobhFi xapaKxep. BonianH b KaaaflOM aaraTOM ropoAe, peBHe,
BHCTynHBUIHM npoE HHX, B pOCTHB HHX C TaKOH HOHaBKGTbK)? IIOTOHy HTO HMQHHO CUepTeJIbCHHCKHX aHTHfiOJIblirOBHKax, G0JIB1H0BH3M BKRGJL H BHAHT cymecTBOfcaHHio. IIo-roMy mto e OKKynKny yrposy co<5cTBHHOMy DOBaHHHX HeimailH OtfJiaCTSX HM6HHO pOCCHttCKHe aHTHdOJlbllieBHKH - paaotaawH fioibmeBHaM, egjih b noMaTK, b jtemKX h flOKJtaffax HacejioHM, noToiiy wo pocchHckho aHiimpoKyio nponaranay cpeflH oojibmeTHdojibineBHKH HaHOCMH Hantfojice HyBCTEHTejibHHe yAapH AEHJiceHHio, noTOKy hto pocBHCTCROMy noAnojibio h napTHsaiicKOHy aHTEpyCCKOH CHECKH aHTHdO^blUOEHKH dOpOJIHCb IipOTHE H6KeqKOfi TeM caMHK pocTy nojiHTHKH, samrauajiH HacejieHHO, npenfiTCTBya c Trjco* npooojrsrroBHCTCKtix iiacTpoeHHM. Bot noneMy tfo^ibiiieBHKi* KOPO OHZ HaSHBBJIH H3HOCKpHBaOMOg ^pocTbio npCCJieflOBaJIH TGX,
nO^IOMy dOJIbHTOBHKH
3

OTHOCMHCb K

.TOA^M,

HOHHHKaMH

11

h "npeAaTejrm.iH

'

npeAaBcorAa bo Bcex Botox HaxoA&KHCb a nepedexcHHKH h flBJIKJIHCB KopncTeJIH. flBHSSyiUMM UOTHBOM HX AefiCTBHfi Hame BCerO KapbepHCTOTecTHue flejiHi JiHdo AeneacHOO E03HarpaasAeHH, jih<5o KHO nO(5yKCA&HHfl,

KopncTHHe ueJiH moivih npHBjieKaTb m&zuihohh JiioAeH, naKse BosnarnoAHMDnrarxca npoTHB 6ojibiireEH3Ma b toah boBhh? Ha
KaKHe
see

Hr

58

58

paj:<AHiie Korvin

paccHHXHE-axb ohh? Tag h KaKyio icapbepy A^Jiaxb?

CxapHK-npo4)eccop, 0TKa3aBiUHHCH yexaxb co cbohk yHHEepCHT8TOM b rjrydOKHtf cnoicoKHHM thjt Ha ceom cTapyio, jHotfHMyw paGoxy - h ocTaBinnMcH nepeA HeH3BecxHocxbio, nepeA 6Qii6ez<Ktmvi nope a rojtoflOM, hjih HHaeHep, npoMBHaBiuuft nepcneKTHBy ciiokohhoH JKH3HK b THJiy, Qdecne^eHHOH padoxoH, Toase Ha no^Hyw hbH3BecTHocTB - KaKHe KOpHCXHsre nejin ohh np ecJieROBajiyil Ohh OCTaBOJIHCfe TOJIbKO HOTOliy, MTO He XOTeJIH yXOAKTb C COJIbHieBHamom. H, KpoMe xoro, ohh BepHJiH, ^xo npHiiuiH pemaioiUHe ahh, hto Cojimiobhom - Ha Kpaio nponacTH, nxo Hyxcno noMo^t cdpocnxb ero b s-xy nponacTB.
-

>

^oTHpe HHjiJiHOHa cojia^t h otbnuepoB cAajiwcb b mien. CeMBAeCJIT MHJMHOHOB OCTOflOCb Ha MCCT0, Ha oKKynapoBaHHoif oeM-we. flecaTKH tbicsh MejioBeK ct&kh noA pysc&e, b AOdpOBojib^ecKHe oxhgmhh He npepflflH. Hx 6ujio 6u bo MHoro pa3 <5ojn>iire, ec^H 6u pyCCKHX BOOpyWHHHX aHTE(50JIbIiCeBHCTCKHX IKLTCTBOBEUIH CO3AaHHI0 can, teorae XHCfrHH nonwa b uecTHHe caMoynpaaneHKH, b iiojihhhk), b ne^axb. KasflHfi HaHocHJi yaap <5ojibiiieBHKaM tqm, rAe oh mop, tao oh naiuejr npHMeneHHo cbohm cMan. KarcAHii cxpeMmrca Hanecth KaHtfojiee ^yBcxBHxejibHHft yA&P
3a HCKJiioMeHHeM eAHHHU, AeMcxBHxejibHHx KapbepncxoB h npeAaxejieS HHTepecoB Pocchh, BepoM h npaBAOw cjiyscKBUinx Hoj.iuaM, cjtysEHJiH He HeMqaw, a p,ejiy CopbdH npoxwB 6ojn>weBnm& t b KOHe^i-

HOM

C^iOTe POCCKH.

0praHH3OBHBajiHCb caMoynpaBjteHHH pasHHMK nyTSMH: b oahhx

ropoAax dyproMncxpoB H6MHH npocxo Ha3HaMajiH, b APyrnx RaJlCti HeKOTOpHH AOMOKpaTHHeCKHB npHHI^Kn - BLlCopHOCXH*

co6jeb>-

TaK co3A?Ba,^ocb caHoynpaBjreiiHe, HanpHMep, b r.KapaHese. Op.^oBCKOH oCjiacTH. HeMouieaff KOMeHAarypa npHrjiacnjia Ha co6paHue HHTejLHHreHHEHro ropofla - Bpanen, ynnxejieft, KiraeHepoB h npofljiOKiHia BHCpaxb ropoACKoro ro^OBy, JteGpajiH ohghb nonyjiapHoro b ropoA Bpana.
HaCpaHHHiS tukhk odpa30M ropoACKoM raaoea co3flajt ynpaBy,
npurviacHji Ha ochobehg, pyKOEOAHii^He nocTH h3F6cthux eMy jtioaefi, KOTopue b cbok o^epeAb coaA^Bajin annapax cbohx oxaojiob H3 JIKAeM, H3B6CTHHX EM.

B Opjie ropoACKOH rojroBa He H3<5HpajicH, a 6hjl Ha3Ha^eH HeueUKOH KOMeHAaxypoH. B KOMeHflaxype, o^eBHAHO, yate 6euth xapanTGpHCTHKH BHAHHX rOpOIIcaH, XaK K&K HHHOBHHK KOMeHAaXypU HpHo-xrui TTn. iep.ipxiipy HawOojiee nony^npHoro b ropoAO^ nojib30BaBme

W 58

59

TOCH dOJTMHHM aBTOpHTGTOM H JUOCOBbJO, AOKTOpa II., H3E6CTHOrO 6My K TOMy JXe, HeOaBHCHMOCTBK) CBOHX E3IVEflAOB, - H npeflJKMSHJE cocjiaBnpHH^Tb nocT ropoACKoro rojroBH. fiOKTop n. oTKasajicn, B3POCJIH6 CHHOBfcH UIKCb Ha TO, HTO BCfl 6rO C6MM, B TOM TOCJIG necnHHeHHo, naxoflHTCH no Ty cTOPony dfipoHTa h mto SojibnreBHKH, HukpacnpaBHTca c cem>eB, ec*H oh nprnex Tanoo npeAJioaceHHe. aoboaob AOKTopa. h;h He HacTaHBQJiH, noHHMaa bck pasyMKocTB
h 3aieM nocT <5yproMHCTpa 6 hW npeflJioaeH Toste H3BecTHony tojks oTicaaajicH, yKasaB Ha hgnonyjiflpHOMy Bpany P. , kotophB Koero 11?., 4)ejibAiiiepa no o<5pa30BaHHio, cnocofiHoro hko6u afli-SHctui (SyproMHCTpon OpJia. Ero o(5pa3 HHCTpnopa. *ejiBflUiep oTCTpanpasjieHHsi He oTjiEHajic* tSaaHHofi iiyflpocTLio. EyproHHCTpa Opjra. nocjie Itt. B KaCHHeTe hhjih h ok Kyfla-TO nones, yexan H3 POpOACKOrO rOJlOBH nOKBHJTCK HeJIOBOK, COBepiIieHHO HeH3B6CTHHtf HeoAHOKpaMO b Opjie, HeKHM P., kotophB paccKasHBa*, hto oh KOHiyrarepnx. FIonoABeprajicH penpecciM, cHfleji b TwpbMax h a neKG3KBCUI HecKOJibKo dyMar, c cooTBeTCTByK.mm.XH noflnacaMH Bcnope P. 6hjt apecTO^aTHitKff: noflTBepsxflaiomHx ero paccnasH. oqmuHCJibHHx B a H , KaK KpynHufi tfojibiueBHCTCKHfi areHT. H^KaKHx
II?.

cooCmeHHii ne nocjieAOEa.710.
Oh HaKOHeu, na nocTy CyproMHCTpa 0Ka3ajicH A. C.CTapoB. KOTopyio nposeji, HeocTaBajiCH AO Konua, ao sBaKyaijHH ropoAa, cMOTpa Ha cboh roflH, cnoKotao h MysecTBeHHO h oahhm hs nocb acejiesjieAHHx noKHHyji ropo*. B aBrycTe 1 9U-3 rofla oh nornO Ha napTHHOAoposKHoB KaTacTpo^e, MSHfly OcanoBHHaMH h Mhhckom, 3aHCKHX MHHaX.

KpawapeHB XapbKOBe dyfiymnB ropoACKoB rojiOBa, npocbeccop BCKope nocjie ko ? xopomo BJiaAesiuHfi neMeqKHM h3Hkoh, caM sanies npuxoAa neiuueB B ropoACKyw KOMeHAaTypy, htooh ysnaxB, hto ropoAyMam nennH irpeAnpHHHMaTb Aajibiire, KaK opraHHSOBKBaTb b npopasroBopa Ae HopKEUibHyK) hhbhb. nocne HenpoflOJiwHTejibHoro opraHHBOBaTb caMoynpaBjieHHe. TopOACKoe ynfteccopy npeaaostWEH 6bin paB^reHHe npocbeccop opraHHsosaa, noAOdpaji ETara, ho BCKope 6e 3 BecTH.B ropoAOKOM ynpasjeHira apecTOBaH recTano h npona/i aa noh b ropOAe roBopKJiH, hto npo$eccopa neimu paccTpanajrH Komb eBpe^M*

RpaKapeHKO odepCyproMHCTpoM XapbKOBa HeMqn Hasiiane^oseKa, no OTGHBaM Bcex, kto ero ht>ijih aABOKaTa CeneHeHKO, ropOACKoe yn3HQJI, TJiyCoKO nopjTAOHHoro, kotophB sozrjzaBJiKJi paBJieHHe ao KOHi^a, ao ^BaKya^HH.
Ilocjie

/ie.'ioiipojrsEOACTBO b

ropoACKOM ynpaBjieHHH Bejcocb Ha ynpa-

N"

58

:.-

60

HHCKOM 3KKe, WQ%CLBajieLQl> yKpaHHCKOH ra38T0., HO XapbKOB He 3HD.JI Tex OTBpaTHTQJLbHHX IipOHBJieHHji KpaMHeTO iilOBHHHSMa, kotopHH npHnecjiH Ha ynpaHHy rajruHane: ao XaptKOBa re He yAajiocb
AOtipaTbCtf

He too azrynaeB npo$iBJieHH$? aToro uiOBHHH3Ma h b flpyrsix yKpanHCKiax ropOAax /to Tex nop, nona TaM He noflBarnjiHCb rajiHuHHCKHe "npoc^eccopa" w "jwarMCTpu *. y hhx He 6w.-o Ha yjcpauHe nocjie^oBaTejieia ; hx nponaraH^a HeHaBHCTH k pyccKHM h flpyrHM Haposai.i He Haxoa&aa oxKjiHKa b Hapofle,
1

B /InenponeTpoBCKe ropoAcnoe caMoynpaBJieiiHe c03flaBajEM h pyccKne, h yKpaHHUH BMecTe, h ao no#BjreHHfi rajiiraaH tqm He Hafijno#ajiocb HHKaKHx cjiy^aeB HauHOHa^bHoii BpascAH,

B AHenponeTpoBCKe, b nepBHe use ahet nocjie npHXo^a HeMiieB, coepajiacb 6ojihw.o.si rpynna HHTejuiHreHL[HK, nejiOBeKr.oKOjro flBaflitath, h, no co^cTBeHHoS HHKiiHaTKBe, peurnaa npHCTyntfTb k opraHiiGannH ropoACKoro cawoynpaBjieHiwi. ynojiHOMo^eHHHB rpynna osnpaBHJEMCb k HeMi;aM, b KOMeKAaTypy - h Aejro aaKHnejio, Co3AajiH ynpaBJieHHe, opraHHGOBajiH peaaKijHio ra3eiH, nojrimHio.

FopOACKHe canoynpaBJieHHH hochjth b pa3HHx ropoAax paaH&ie Ha3BaHKfl; b Op^e dHJia roposcKas ynpaBa, c ropoflCKHM rojroEoft bo rjraBe, b CMO^ieacKe ropOflCKOe ynpaEjieHHe, a ropoACKoro rojroBy 3Aecb naoHBajrH navejibimKou ropoAa; b XapbKOEe 6hui (5yproKHCTpaT, a Ha^a^bHHK ropoAa HMeHOBajio^: ocjpHutiajrbHo o6ep<5yprOKHCTpOM.
CTponTiHCb caMoynpaBjieHHa b njiaHe opraHH3aqHOHHOM na <5a3e ropoACKHx h pataOHHHX copeTOB, CoxpaHHjrncb ie xce OTAejiH h aaxce Ha3BaHHa otagjiob: npocBemeHH^r, 3flpaBooxpaHeHH&, coyna^bHoro o6ecneMeHH5i, ropoACKoro ycTpo&cTBa h t.a 3aH&Taji TeppErxopjra AejrHjracB Ha TtuoBHe odjracTH, noHHHeHHfcie mTatfaw: apKHw Ttuior BHe o6^acTH - na OKpyra, ye3AN, paifo>HN. Thjiob&r o6jiaoTh, HanpHMep, BTopoM TaHKoBoS apMHH BKjiioHajia b ce(5a Qpjtoeckhh' h EpfiHCKHti OKpyra h p&A paM'OHOB. PaSoHH Ae^MHCb na bojiocth, bo ivraee kotophx cto&jth sojiocTHHe cTapnrHHH - h npn hhx Hedojibiiroft nrTaT jcuryEcamHx. B cejrax h AepeBHnx - Ha3Ha^ajizcb CTapocTH.
.

KaKoS

3i<:e

Kpyr saAa

nuejiH cauoynpaBjieHaa?
'

KaKOBH

Ch.jth

hx

0(Sfi3aHH00TH h iipasa?

GTeneHt caMocTOATejibHOCTH caMoynpaBjieHHH 3aBHcejra bo mhoroM ot Toro, KaK cjio^kh^hcb BsaHWOOTHOiueHHJi caMoynpaBjreHHK c HecTHMh'K H9Ket(Kiij,in BJiacTflMH. Oahh pyKOBOAKxejiH caMoynpaBJieHHE oy^:-e.UI-I /^OdTTTbCS, eCJTH He nOvlHoS CaMOCTOJITejIblTOCTH, T0' 5 EG

Y
W!

58

61

BCflKOM CJlJH&e, caKOCTOHTeJIbHOCTH B peilieHHH MHOrHX BOIipOCOB. flpyrae pyKOBOflHTeJiH caMoynpaB^ei-mfr b (JojiBiireii cTeneHH 3aEHce~ jih ot HeMi^eB, He peiuaziH hhkskhx, 6ojigg win MeHee cymecTEeH-

HHX BOnpOCOB (5e3 COTJiaCOBaHHa pKM nOflHHHflJIKCB.

Kone^Ho, caMoynpaBJieHHH

HeMeuKKMH HHCTaBmWMH, KOTO-

40ji;khh o*njih BHnojiHfiTb pacnopsmeho momh BHnojiHfiT& 3TH pacnopjKxehto HeMei^Koro KQMaHflOBaHHtf, hhh no-pa3HOKy, moiuih oaiUHmaTt HHTepeca Kacejienvix , momh mo-

CHBaTbCH 0TK8HH TGX

HJTH

HHHX paCIlOpflECeHHE.

HanpiiMep, bo nnorHX paMonax, oco(5eHHO b jiecnoK nojioce, b EejropyccHH n Ha yicpaHHe, b weciax cocpeflOTOHeHKE napTiisaH, HeMuH 3anpemajiKC KpecTBHHaM e3HTb Ha tfaoapH b ropofla, TaK KaK, nO HX MH6HH10, HOtf BHflOK MHp HHX KpeCTBHH, Ee3yiUHX npOA7KTH, b ropo^a HanpaBjiMHCb h cBHSHne napTZ3aHCKtfX OTpsflOB. TaKKir o6pa30M ropo^cKoe HacejieHHe jivwajioch eAHHCTBeHHoro hcTO^iHHKa CHaOaceHHH npOflOBOJTBCTBHeM.

MecTHHM caMoynpaBJieHHHM ctohjio 6ojitmovo Tpy^a ao<5htlc[ OTM6HH 3anpemeHHH yCTpOHCTEa <5a3apOB, AOOtfTBCS yHKHT03XeHHfi orpaHH^eHHB rjisi cboCo/jhoh ToproBjiH. B oahhx necTax, djiaroflapa cnoco6HOCTHH h oneprwH pyKOBOflKTejieM caMoynpaazteHHii, yaaBajiocb CRejiaTh 3to, b apyrHX - Her.
EopoTbCfi xee 3a cBOdoAy toptobjeh, 3a bosmoehoctb KpecTbanaM npnesucaxb Ha i3a3apH 3Ha*iHTejibH0 jierne mop tot nanajibHHK pawoHa, y KOToporo xopouro patfoxajra iiojihuhh, kotopbim Mor, 6Jia ro^ap^ cBoeE iiojihuhh, napajiH30BaTb AeHTejibHOCTb napTH3as.

npen^TCTBOBajiH pa3BHTHK cbo6ohoM ToprosjiH, Tan KaK CHHTaJIH, MTO KpeCTBflHHH, npOflaBHIHfi XJ1&6 b ropofl He CKOHenijbi
;

iSteT

BHnJiaTHTb BOeHHbie

nOCTaBM.

Henqn
h peivieceji,

He coae!f CTBOBajiH h pa3BHTHio npoMHiiyieHHocTH k MeMy cTpewsuiHCB Miiorne HecTHHe caMoynpaEjreHHH.

OTHioflb

TaK, HanpHMep, b Ephhckom OKpyre, B0 3i\ziaBjrfleMOM otihthhk aflsiHHHCTpaTopoH n. b I9li1 w 1 9^ 2 r r Hanajia dHCTpo pacTH MecTHaa jierKan npoM&niuieHHOCTb. OiKpsuiHCb MburoBapeHHHe npoH3BOflCTBa, KMpnHHHHe h roHHapn&ie 3aB0flH, KpynHHe AepeBOodAejroH HHe k MexaHH^iecKwe MacTepcKHe,
"

'

CanoynpaBJieHHe BCHHecKH cnocodCTBOBajro pocxy MecxHoM npOMHIU-JieHHOCTH H TOpTOE^H.

K?

58

"

62

npOMUiiuieHHOCTt AeJiajia bc Co^cbinne h dojrbiUHe ycnexn - h HeMHH pemiwH BocnojiB30EaTbCfl huh. Bee npeAnpH^iTHH H3i>ajrH H3^ BeAeHHfi caHoynpaBjieHHH h iiepea^H '"Bincaflo". B' cautift KopoTKHh cpoK HaMaEmaa TaK tfHcxpo pa3BHBaxbc& h pacta MecTHan npoMbinrjteHHOcTb npumjia e cocxoaHHe nojrHoro ynaaKa.

hhoh Mepe, caMocxoaxe^bHO BeCaMoynpaBjieHHJT, e toM X03flfiCTBeHHpfi H KyTIbXypHOH KH3HH. AaJIIT pa3JIH^HBMH OGjiaCTHKH OTAejiH HapoAHoro o6pa30BaHHH oTJcpHBajm mKOjiu, CH&ttHOTeKH, TeaTpH- JKH-wnmHHe OTflejna BeAajrH pacnpeflejienneM KBaptsp, saHHHaJlHCb peMOHTOK 3A&HHK, nOCKO^EbKy II03EOJIHJIH CKyftHHe MaTepHaJibHBie pecypcH pa3pymeHHoro ropoflCKoro xosaHcTBa. OxAejiH CHadsenHH oxupHBajiH CTOjiOBHe, H3HCKHE8JIH npoAyKTH ajih cHa6;:ceHHH HaCejieHHH XOX (3U MHHHMajIbHHM nafiKOM. 0TA6JXH COqHO^bHOro o6ecne^eHH,q OTKpHBajm AexcKJie flOMa, nprnoxH a^a npecTapejiHx, HaxoAimra rne-TO cKyAHHe cpeACXBa rjih. coAepacaHiui hx,
no-BanreMy, ocnoBHyio ueji& CTaBHJiH nepeA CO608 HecTHHe caMoynpaBjteHHfl? - cnpocHJi a kbk-xo OAHoro H3 bhahhx patfoTHHKOB caiioynpaBJieHHfl, irpHHaAJEescaBiffero k KaxeropKH JiMAeK ^iecTHHXs cjiyscHBiiiHX He HeMuaM, ytfe^fleHHaro aHTB<5oJiiireBHKa.
-

MH

KaKyio,

Oh, He 3aAyMHBaHCb, otb6thji: - Ofijier^HTB >i:H3Hb Hace^eHHB.

MHorne caMoynpaBJieHHfl: HeyMOHHO cTpeKHJiHCb k sxoh AOCTHra^n ee.

vs.

ijejiH,

hx paCoTKaK axe oxHOCHjiocb nacejieHze k caMoynpaBJteHHflK BO rjiaBe HHKaM? IIO-paQHOMy. B 3aBHCHMOCXH OT TOrO, KTO CTOflJI caMoynpaBjieHHH, b KaKoM cxenenn caKoynpaBjjeHae noMor.&ao HacejreHHio, 3amtfiiwio ero ox npoH3BOJia HeMueB, obh, HaoOopox, cnocodcxBOBajio neMuaM, cano ^hhhjto HecnpaBeAJiHBocxH.
TaM, v&e bo rjraBe ctosjih HfleiiHHe, HecTHHe aHTHdojibiireBHkh, caMoynpaB^ieHHJi saiUHinajiH Hiixepecn HacejieHira, npoTHBOflew CTBOBa^iH - h *iacxo He 6e3 yenexa - nposeAeHHio deccLiHCjreHHHx penpeccHH, Koxopne iiphhochjih nojihey xoj[bKO dojituieBHKaM, (5opo-

B jmie padOTHHKbB xaKHx caMoynpaBjieHHH HacejieHHe EHflejio CBOHX 3amHXHHKOB H OXHOCPWIOCb K HHM C yBaac6HH6M H JIIoOOBblO, K XaKHI/i aHTH(50JttbmeBHCTCKHM A^^Xe^fiM, no MHOTHM CBHA6TejrbCTBaM, npHHaftaeacaji, HanpHMep, ropoACKoii ro^roBa Bhhhhuh npo^eccop CGrnct,iiioT\, 0o.nb3OBaBmHflcfi HCKJiw^HTejrbHHK yBa^eHHeM HacejieHKH

58

63

buh re BoavjiaimTejiw caMoynpsBJtenHH CesoroBopoMHo iix op,ohojuhmh npennHcanHH HeHaeB, dapaHr* tojibko nojiy^HTB nxpaCoxHHCpeHHe, HacejieHHe othocimocb k caMoynpaBjieHHKM a -aeflTejibHooTz caMaynpaBkbm c HecKpimaeuoa BpaacAeH- XapaKTep onpeflejismsi oowne jieHHS, hx OTHomeHHe k nacejieHHio bo mhotom caMoynpasjjeHHH cnocooHacTpoeHHH HacejieHsw. npoMSBOJi MecTHiix Tan,
CTBOBaJI pOCTy
II

aHTHH6MeUKHX H npoOOJIBllieBHCTCKHX HaOTpoeHHia.

b op ram* caAeflTejiBKOcTb coBeTCKoM areHTypn, npoHHKiireg iwaBinni -oopaaoK no nyMoynpaBJieHHS h b nnmH, H anpaBJinjiaci> HacejteHaeM. TM 060CTP6HHH OTHOlireHHM Mexcfly MeCTHOH BJiaCTBK) h npoBe-aenHH HanfioHueiuo OojibineBHCTCKHe areHTH y^acTBOBaJiK b HiieHHO dojtwneBHCTCKHe jiee secTOKHX h OeccifHOjieHHHx penpeccuM. koto P hm ooaareHTH cxapajiHCb eme dojiBiire ycotHib- npHTecHemra, <5o^biueB H cTCKHe sepra^ocb Hacejienne co ctoP ohh HenyeB. HMeHHO b CojibiuhhareHTH npoBomrooBajiH n npoBOfliMH MaccoBue apecTH, areHTH, npocTBe oBoeu KeBHHHHX jrofleH. HiteHHO OojibiiteBHCXCKHe apecTOsaHHHX Hw6ojiee hhkbibs b nojnmH z recTano, noflBepra^n aceCTOKHM IIHTKaM.
BHnojtHHJia Bee onpeaejiHJiocb ockobhoK saflaneH, KOTopyis Hei.ieuKoH anTHeojibnieBHCTCKaH arenxypa: BceiiepHoe yvr,y6jienm a HapyccKOH nojiHTHKH, HaTpasjiHBaHHe HewueB Ha HacejieHne, pociy npofloabiueBBCTcicHX cLieHHe Ha HeMqes, cnocodCTBOBaHne

HaGTpOeHHVI.

npasHaTb, mto b nojummo, dojiBiueBHOTCKoK areHTypoH, KaK pas CojibmeBHCTCKHX areHTOB, bo bchkom dojibiire, hou e judSom flpyrou oprane
Haflo

KOTopan

Be^ia

CopbCy

h npoHHKJio Hewajioe tocjio eayiae b nojiamm 6wio ax cairoynpaBJieHira.

IIphmhhh, no<3yflHBiirHe dojibiueBHKOB noctuiaTb MecTHyio nojmnHio h ocoOeHHO b HenenKoe recxano KOHippaoBeflKy, BnojiHe iiohhthh: <5ojibUieB H cxcKKH ajisi BaBiirHw aoBepHe HeimeB, or Hewajio caejiaxB

cbohx

jnoftei

a b HeMeuKyio areHT, sasoefiojibmeBHKOB.

apecTH cpeAH npesae Bcero, oh zk&x boskokhootb npeflOTEpamaxb eioaaMH oh, HaoflojibmeBHCTCKOro nonnojiBH. IfcoBOKawioHiHUiH HacejieHHH h aHTK6o ot, tojisoji HenmeB Ha penpeccmi npoTHB
P
(50JH>IUeBHK0B.

b 6ojibHaso TaKj^e npusHaxb, mto ^OJIH^Ha dH^ia oacopeHa caMoynpaBjreHHH, h flpyrmH tbkurefi CTeneHH. new Apyrne OT fl eJiH HHMbHX HBMZ aseueHTaKH, KOTOpHe KP OMe CBOHX JTHHHHX, lUKypHHX, fiespasKHTepecoB He sswwWJia, KOTopne k Tony xe c imydoKHM H k cyflbJIHHH6K OrilOCMHOb K flejiy dOpbOH npOTHB 60JIBHieBH3Ma (3aM Focohh.

H*

58

61|.

Ten 6ojigb HeofixoffHMo otm6thtl yean ^ecTHHx aETHfiojEtmebhkob, HanpaBjienHMe Ha 3ami*xy HHTepecoB Hac&seHiM, na akcTEHTejrbHyio dopbtfy npoxHB (toJibiiieEtfCTCKoro noAnojibfl.

B TOK, MTO B nOJIHUHK) npOHHKJIO HSMaJIO T61IHHX 0JEeM6KTOB H (3ojibureBHCTCKHX areHTOB, bhhobhh h csmh nauiH aHXH(5oj[i>iiieBHCXC'KHe nojiHTHMecKHe Kpyrn. BooCme b cpe^e pyccKoE HHTejuiareHmiH KaK Ha yxBepflHjrcs xpaAHUHOHHHii bsiviha na cnyBtfy b hojiklthh, tojibko BcnoMHHTb npeapeflejio Mpe3BKMaMH0 HenpH:THoe. Ctoht HHTe-MiareHmaio BOJEKKHOHHtte roAH, Tew <5o.*ee oTTajiKHBajia pyccKyio PyccKne HHTejrJKHreHTH cjiy:ic6a b hojihuhh, noAMHHeHHoK Hern^aM.
y^HTejifl,

oxAeJiH cauoynpaBJieHHfl, b oGx,TojrbEo He b nojumino. B pesyjibTaxe nojiHm** npeBpaxuzracb HapeKaHHH. Pe^Ko r^o eKT turn nocTOCTHHx h ^acTO cnpaBoftziHBiix HacejieHHe He cMOxpejio Ha nojiime&cKHx, KaK na cbohx BparoB,
KHiiceaepHj

spa^n

imh b

JiK>6*ze

npHHHHaBiirHX do^iee hjih Menee aKXHBHoe ynacxsie b coGhthhx Tex tfypHHX aot, koeho 6hjio <5h pasAejiHXb na necKOjibJIaflett,

ko Kaxeropnfi

HAeKHHe aHXHdojibiireBHKH, cjjytfHBiinie He HeMqaM, a Pocckh, cBoeny HapoAy* USJib skhohh CBoew BHAeBiunx b dopb<5e npoxHB (5ojn.nreBH3Ka, 3Ta Kaxeropnn ,*ioAe8, npHHHBinaK ca:Hoe EKTHBHOe y^aCXHO B pa3HrpaBUTHXCH C06HTHHX, nOUJJia Ha COI03 dojtbmeBH3Ma. 3xh C HeMuaJZH BO HUB OCHOBHOfi 11,0X11 - yHHMXOKeHHH npHiirjiH ne KaK oceojiioah OTAaBajiH ce(5e ox^eT b tom, mxo hcmuh dOA^xejTK, hxo Heiim* noc^e pasrpona <5ojibiireBH3ixa CAe^aioT nonfcrrKy pasAeJia Pogchh h nopatfomennfl ee. Ho c HewqaMz Ece~TaKH 60JEbUieBK3MDM, HfiO CHHTfiUlH, HXO CHaHHJia HyttHO ITOKOHHHXb C UIJIH, HHKaKHX cm ciioco<5hhx h rJiaBHoe cxpehxo, KpoMe HeMqeB, Hex MHimaxoa yHHHxo^HXb 6ojibiireBH3M, KojuioCopamifi AMepnicia h Ahiuihh CO CTaJEHHHM JEHirjajEa. B03M0HH0CTH HCKaXb KaKHe-xo HHHe, KpoMe HeMueB, CHJIH.
1.

y<5]KfleHHHe,

h nocjieAOBaTejrbHHe BparH GojrbineEH3Ka, CAeHajiaBuiHe GTaBKy HCKjrioHHTe^bHO Ha nek^eB, He BepKBiirae b chjih iuero HapoAa,
a.

3T(3eKffeHHHe

yeesfleHHJie h nocjieAOBaTe^BHHe Epara <5ojrbKieBH3Ma, nocxpaAaBmwe ox Hero, BHAeBUXHe nejib CBOefi schohk b irecTH fiojibEieEHKaK; ocjierureHHHe HyscxBOM MecTH, ohh npuHOCiMH a BpeA ocBotSoflHTejibHOMy A^^y? mcth BceM, Bnjioxb A CHsmzx komco3.

MO^bl^eB,
I4.,

JIk>ah,

yCessAeiiHiiM,

pa6oxaBL'iHe e caMoynpaBjieHHHX h nojrnuHH h no a no hso^xoakmocxh, hxo6k He ynepexb c rojioAy.

It

65

KapBepKCTH, jiumeKHue nojiHTHHecKHx yOe*AeHHfi, a mecto h nepeueHHBDiHe cboh y<5ejKAHHH, tfHBuiHe KOiaryHHCTH, yBHAeBimie, mto (5ojiBiireBH3M He ceroAH^-oaBTpa pyxHex - h nepemeAnrae na STy cTopony fiappzKaA, hto<5h He nojieTevh BMecTe c fiojibiueBHOMOM b nponacTb. RenTejivi, npHHafljieacaBiirHe k 9Tom KaTeropHH, (Shjih KaTOjiHKaMH dojibiire, neM caM liana, (Shjih HauncTaMH Combine, new; camh HaqHCTH, name, ^eM caMH HeMHH, noAHHMajiH npaByw pyny h <oiopepa* mejiKajiH KacS-ayicaMH, rpoine, *ieM cbmh HeMHH BocxBajwmn TaKoro copTa He noflHHMajica noTOJLOK MeMTaHHK h kaAeaA JnoAefi neBHiue uecia dyproMHCxpa hjih HanajEbHHKa iiojihhhh b dyAymzx OdJEaCTen". MeUKHX KOJlOHHftX "boctohhhx
5.

cpeAH hhx BCTpensuiHCb cyd-bSKTH h c dojibiiiHKH anneTHTai-iH, MexHBiiiHe He dojibiue h He ueHtiire, kbk b rayjinnxepbl A^C PyCTlflHAC".
Enpo^eM,
,f

B nojiai^HB npoHHKjro ne6ojihwoe KOJivi^ecTBo .nioReU c yrojiobhhm npoiiMHM. Bnojrne hohhtho, mto TaKHe "nojnmeficKHe" ne uovjiVL BU3BaTb y HacejieHHK HHnero, KpoMe BpajicAedHocxn. HX K b caifoynpaBjieHH/H b no.ttHH.HH AencTBOBajiH dojibiueBHCTCKHe areHTH, npHKpHBaBiirnecs MacicaMH HenpHMHpmn*x aHTHfiojibiiieBHKOB h repManoiHJiOB. Bot ohh-to rpoarce Bcex KpH^a^n: "Xafijib rvrjiep' h ydeaKAaJiH HeMnes h cBoen npeAaHHocTE #K>pepy.
6,

Ha codpaHHH pajlaHseBGsynpaBjieHHH no noBOAy npa3AH0Banra 1 imsi CyproMHCTp oahoto H3 paHonoB QpjroBCKofi odJiacTH, y.noAh 3a Hawy HOByw poaray BejnaicorepKaHHro:,-. 3a Hamy ctohkji toct: no oahoh BepcHH, ydJiHrty BepjiHH". EyproMHCTpa BCKope yfinjin. pajiH ero caMH HeMuH, ycxaHOBHB, ^to oh KEjisieTcx dojibiueBHcTckhm aremoM, no Apyron - ero y(5aaz pyccKHe aHTHOMbmesHKH, KaK HeMeuKoro jiaKea npiraecureMy Hewajio 3jra pyccKOMy nacojieHHio.
3

TpyAHO 0*HJT0 pa306paTbCH, TAe KOHHaJICH tfecnpHHUHriKHM Kapbepncx, cjiyscnBirHH HeMuaM He 3a cTpax,^a aa coeecTb, h rAe Ha^HHajicn dojibiiieBiacxcKHH areHT, HafleBUtHH wackj eepiioro cjiyrn "cbiopepa AROjihfya. rHXjrepa'
jdeBcTBHTeJIIiHO,
1

nponaraHAa. IleHaxh

AHTHdojEbiireBHCTCKyro nponaranAy cpeH Hace^ieHHH b 3aHHTHx otaacTnx BecTH 6UJLO h ^erKO h TpyAHO. JlerKO, noxoMy hto aHTH6ojibmeBHCTCKH Hac'TpoeHHoe Hace^ieHHe oxotho npucttyuiEBajiocb k nponaraHAe. TpyAHO, noxoMy hto Hauia npoaiiTHCojifiiaeBHCTCKog naraHAa He cOAep;*eajra HH^ero nojioscHxe^bHoro h cTponviacb tojebko Ha ro^iou OTpHTTaHHH 0o,ibitreBH3Ma. nponaraHAa He KorJia HH^ero

tf

58

66

CKagaTb
O HHX,

o 6yp yw eM- Pocche, 3aTo ueunu ee KaK 06 OCB060flHTejIHX.

t

o<5 H3HBajiH

roBopHTt

HCTHHHHe
ajTtHoft jiHHHeH

aKTHtfOJI&lIieBHKH CTpeKHJIHCb napajurejibHO C

OCJpHIJH-

nponaraHAH npoBOAKTL cbok

jehhhio,

HauHOHajibHO-

pyccKyjo,

IIponaraKAa Be^acb no# HaCjnoAeHHeM HeMenKHx ueHSopoe* rce urarn b neJt. caejtajin crmh neMu.H. Jlepsne nonuxKH HeMLteB BecTH nponaraHAy co<5ctb6Hhhmh caaaMH hockjxh yCorHH xapaKxep. Ha cxeHax h aa6opax b 3aHHTHx ropoAax BOSBHinajiHCb TOr^a PHflOM C npHKa3LMH, KattAHK nyHKT KOXOpHX KOH^a^Cfl CJlOBSMKt "KapaeTca CMepTbio ', B03 3BaHH# k "MecTHowy HaeejieHHio", npoHQBOflHBHrze Ha nacejieHHe caMoe xsrrocxHoe Bne^aTJieHHe, hCo sth "B033BaHIWl" OHSHb HanOMHEajTH BHCeBHTHe pflflOM npHKa3H.
IlepBHe
1

HenenKaa nponaranAa, tgcho CB^saHHa^ c hgmeed;ko^ oojththkoM, HMejia ^ee ocHOBHHe, EectMa npHMHTHBHHe jihhhh:
1. 2,

repMaHCKaii apMHa ocBotfOAHJia pyccKHia HapoA-

Bo Bcex cTpa^aHHax pyccKoro Hapo^a BKHOBaiH eBpeH.

B HeMeijKoE nponaraiiflo He (Skltto na^ero nosHXHBHoro. 6y Pocchh nponaraHfla BOo<5iu;e He roBopnjia. He ynoTpe<5jiJiJTCfi TepMHH- Pocckj*. He miejia HeKenKaa nponaraHfla h cepte3hhx ochob aji^ ycnenmoS kphthkh Combine BH3Ma, fljifl ycneuiHon hasflymen h caM

ojiorHHecKoii dopbdH c hhm.

JIpHMTHBHOCTb HeMixeB b

n-po6jLQMe

&KTK6ojihweBttCTCKoU nponaraHAH ocotfeHHO apKO BHpa3iwracB b jihCTOBKax, Koxopne b nepBHe MecmjH bo^hn nucajiacb csmmmh nernia-.
MH..
fle,

IlepeA pyccKHMH aHTHGojr&iueBHKaMH, paGoTaBiimMK b nponaraHc ctohjih c Tpy^oM npeoAOJEOBaeMHe nperpaAH.

OponaraHfly HeraTHBHyro, ocHOBaHHyjo tojibko Ha "npoTHB dojat' meBHSMa", npoBOflmiH ycneitiHO, b nponaraHAe nojioaaTejiBHoH HH^ero acHoro, OTBe^aiomero HHxepecaM Hapofla, CKa3aTB He mqvjlk.
XapatcTep canon nponaraHAH k MexoAN BeAeiiHtt ee onpeAejrnJiHct tok, ^iTO pa6oTHHKH nponaraHAH / ^THCTH; flOKJiafl^HKH H JieKTOpH / npOUTJIH

peAaKxopH raseT &ypHa 2-TH JI6THI0IO UTKOJiy &H3 hh nOA rneTOM CcvrbiueBHCTCKoro peatHMa, snajiH ero, yMejin HaxoAHTt cjiadne MecTa, no kotophm oscecToneHHO 6vum.
5

..

HecoMjieiiHo,

padOTHHKH nponaraHAH^ xota h y6e^p,enmie aHTH-

k:

67

3HaK0MHe nponaranflH. HcnoabsoBaaa ye HOBHe nyxa. HCICaAH H0BH8 MeXOflH,

^
B

BpeMH

';;. WCW******
^exoA^
oo.*b

ehcickoS naoSopox, b jy^eK c^ae npaeMOB, ycsoeHHHX sue npueim, OMH-nme ot cxaHAapTHHX
HaxoflHAB H

lueBHCTCKHMH nponaraHflHCTara.
Bcio aHT H 6o^BnEeBMCTCKy K

nponaraw

B roflH

bohhn ko=ho pas-

AejiHTt Ha xpa nepaosa:

ony^HKOBaHHoro b OTKpHToro nacbua A.A.&iacoEa, nepBHX HHCjrax Mapxa 1 91+3 rofta.

1.
flo

2.
3.

Ot MoneHia

ony^HKOBaaa* nacbMa

fl

o odpasoBaHBfl

KOHP'a.

nocae.ofipaBOBaHBH KOHP'a, so

Kanaxy^M

repManaa.

nponaran^a c B nepBOM ne P ao ff e ech

^*"

naS SyccLe aHxaSoLuLaKa expense*,

noHORSX

Ha rOJIOM 0TPHU3HHH 60JIbHieBa3Ma.

COTpyflHKHafl C H6K OAHano, k "aKCHhM

**

"H?^

raH^e.

nepsoro nepaoaa onpefleOcHOBHHe HanpaB^eHHH nponaraHflH

jisvmcb cjieffyiamHMH nojioseHHsMa:

Hapo A oB spar pyccKoro Hapo A a a flpyrax Teppop h Hactuiae. OoabiaeBasKa. Poccai' KflSoraSecKHfi KoaaeicTHBHsamifl h pacKyaaiasaHae IZtZkz Hac^BCTBeHHa* CxaxaKOB^Ha a aKOnaoaxaitfK paT P yA b KOHiyxarepnx.
1

Eo^biueBMOM

rW

SS55

npanajyieaBT B-sacxb b CCCP. / Heif^ naa. EspeaS npaHa/yieaaaa a OHa3HBa^ bc M nponaraH fly. Pyc xpefiOBaL, mx?6h aHxaceMaTa 3 M nP oxoMy /. cKae aHTHfiojibiueBHKH npoxasHJiacb
3

aHxepHai^oKajibaoe. EojiBiueBHSM - fiBJienae

BojibiueBasM

ftCK.

jj ?

58

68

EOJIhIHeBHCTCKHft CTpoS," paCHiaTaHHHti BOEHOH, HaXOAHTCH xapaKna Kpaio nponacTH, IIotfeAH tfojibiireBHKOB hocat BpeMeHHiafr Tep. MaTepHajrtHoe nojioaeHK b CCCI- HCKEio^HTejibHO Taasazoe. CTpaHa He HojexerBHaepacaTb floarofc, saTHKHOfe boMhsl.
ij..

. EoJlbllieBHKH TBOp^TT H0BH,DtaHHHe otfjiacisx. Ha yjinuax h miomaflfix pyccKHX

3B6pCTBa B 3aHSTHX HMH ropo#OB - BHcejEimH.

Thchmk apecTOBaHHHX, pacc^pejiflHHHX, cocjiaHKHX b Koniytarepa. bo3Moschoctj> caMH EoflfleprsHBaTb otj jnmvua b nponaraH^e AaB&aH
dojibmeBHKH:
nepe<5excHHKK, fleficTBHTejibHO,

uphhocmh

CBeAeHHsr o

Teppope
6.

EKBfl,

3BepcTBax, o paccTpejrax h BHcejumax-

HAeojior^ecKaa ocHosa c5ojrbiiieBH3Ma - MapKCH3M, yneHHe b HeHaBHCTH h KpoBH, yneHHe HHTepHauHOHazii.Hoe, npHHeceHKoe MapKCH3Ma TOPO BpeK6HH VflejtflPOCCHK) HSBIie. BOOTOOaM KpHTHKZ noTOHy, hto npojrocb HeAOCTaxo^HO BHHMaHHs, raaBHHM odpaDOU K BajiHl>HiipoBaHHHx ny6naraHflHHH annapaT HCnHTHBaji HeMocxaTOK
JIHUKCTII^eCKKX
7.
CHJI.

HapoA scerAa sex <5opbt5y npoTHB dojtbnreBH3Ma. OfiHaKO, ycjtOBM dojibiueBHCTCKOM AHKTaiypH npenHTCTBOBajiH cBepacoEHio
60JIblIieBH3Ma 5e3 EOHHH.

TaKOBH <5bwh ocHOBHBie HanpasaeHHa aHTHdMbiireBHCTCKOfi nponaraHAH b samiTHX iieimaiiH o6jiQ.c?nx b nepBHil nepKOA fl onyfijiHKosaHHH OTKpHToro nscbMa A. A, R^acoBa.
'

BTopoB nepHOA, nocjre onytfJiHKOBaHun iracbKa, xapaKxepHsynaaoaeHHHi eTCH nOHBJieHHeM b nponaraHAe H6koto P hx iioshtkbhhx ciuraKz eot Tenepb mh cbobmh cmxaMH 6jp,eu (SopoTbca, cbohkh CTpoHTb nocjue boiIhh HOEyio Pocchkj.
"Poccha Hama, Upouwoe Pocch Mine. Ey^ymee Pocchh To;xe xmcbim ue pas msHani", - 3TH 3aKJiB^HT^bHHe cjroBa otkphtcto iijhpokhS otkjthk cpeAH HacejreHHH. THpoBajTtfCb b raseTax, BHOHBasr

HeKnaMH o6jibctr nocjie OTKpHToro nHCbi*a R*acoBa b sannTbix noflbQMa, jrmiiHirti pas yKasHirpaKaTTwiacb BOJiiia naTpnoTircecKoro
Basiiiafl

b Ha imjivwe iutyCHHHHX, aHTHCaabineBHCTCKHX HacipoeHHu

napoAe.

naTpnoTHiecKHfi noffbeK HanajiCH me paHbine, KorAa iiohbhRaacoBa-MajEDHKHHa. liHCbKo jiKCb cjiyxH o cMojieHCKoH AeKaapamra nOCBHOBb BCKOJlhTXtiyjlO GrO* Ho XlOOJlQ TOrO, K8K 3a HHCbMOM H6 co6hthh - noRbeu jienoBajio HiacaKKX fleficTBHM, HHKaKHX peajibHHx
c3aOHK.7Gfi

pasouapoBaHHOM.

?8

69

kto aaHHMajEHCb nponaraHfloH - peAaKTopN h coTpyflHHKH TaaMOM nojroaeHHfc. rasei, jteKTOpn h aomeahiikh - OKassurncb b speMOHH RaacoB eon, ho o Bnacose Henero cKasaTB. Bpe*.m ot
Te
5

ra3eTj>: uanoumiajiiz HacejieHHw:

tj

He Bee

nortftfJiOc

Ectl RflacoB".
o BjiacoBe saajn* c

H TOJtbKO,
HiieM,

H3BecTHH

TpeBoroH h HeTepne-

Bee HeraTHBime naBo BTopoii nepHOAe coxpaHracB no^rn noxoiuy wo npaiMeHHn nopBoro nep K o A a. 5L roeopio xio^th bcg, cjiadee. ^ha rhotkh aHTHceiaaTHSiia cTaOT sBynaTfe BHa^HT&abHO tomh. 3GT h siypHaraDTOB Boofime He KacajiHCb aToa

neuHOA b nponaranfle pasEHBajicn c Konqa 1 91*4 rofla* odpasoBaHHen Kokhtotb. bhg npe A ejioB Pocchh. Oh 6hji cbhsbh c BpeneHH xEepAne aHTH6oabOcBOdoatAeHHfl HapoAOB Pocchh. K 3T0iiy aoOpobojibho ymefflmo ot nreBacoicKze HacTpoeHH* coxpainwH TOJibKO ^arepnx "ocTapda TepoB eojibnrefimeoB. B ^arep^x BoeHHOiureHHHX n
"TpeTHfi

mho

aHTHtfojibnreBHCTCKHX naKfle*H KpacHyio apaiHio. IIpoHBJieHze coBcev, BHOHBa^o peGKHe c*eajni C TpoeH H a, Koxopne, oflHaKO, He H np05OJIbIIieBHCTCKH HacTpoeHHHX. npOTOCTH
H Tew ne ueiiee H3BecTHe
o<5

B TB^HHe OA" BHH naTpEOTBMOCKHit, aHTH<SOJ[IIlieBHOTCKTSfl, IIOffbeK. Jiarepeii EoeimoHoro fl HH KCHP nojiynaa 60 thch^ oajnuieHHtt H3

odpaaoBaHHH KOHP'a BHSBajio ho-

mteHHHX

o BCTynjieHHH b POA.

3aroBopiUEH o Pocchh, ODonaraiiAa cpasy Baaaa bhcokho tohr. <5yAy*eS HesaBHciwoB, cboOoakoh Pocchh. Joweo ee Bejisrara. a ^yniire oKasa b ch AOBaBmne sa ofipaaODaHML- KOHP'a cocShthh, cnoEa EHDBajtH OTcyxcTBiie bc*khx coChthH, pea^bHbix fl eflcTBHH CHOBa nponaraHaa noBHcaa b BOSAyxe. rjiyfioKoe P a 3 o*apoBaHHe.
HaflaBaHaiHxc* Bot cnacoK / HonojrHHM / raseT h >:cypHaJiOB, CCCP Ha pyccKOu asHice: b oaHflTux HesmaMH odJiacTflX

"CeoopHoe Gjiobo"
ir

PeBejib,
B

Q "HOBHS Ilyxb",

BHTetfCK.

"PyccKHfi BecTHHK*', PHra "flBHHCKHH BgCTHHK",ZIBHHCK.

10
11

"HOBttfi

nyTb",

ppra.

"HOBHfi ITyTb"
r *

BopECOB.

"3a PoAHHy > ncKOB-Para. HoBHi! nyTb ,Pnra. JSypnajiflso. "3a POAHHy", nyTb", K&ziyra. ''HobhM
Sl

12 ''HOBHii Hyxb", Morn^ieB.

1E

"JIoBoa .Bpow;i

,,

r Bfl3bMa.

Tone jib "Hobhh nyTb "HoBHii nyrb", Kjihhuh. 11;. 15. ^HOBHfi Ilyxb", EoGpyncK Chojibhck 16. "HobhS nyrb'
13.
1

56

70

27." Tojioc HapoAa'SJiOKOTt^JIenejib 28." HobhH IlyTb", KypcK '3a CBotfOAy" > h :'-: 29." KypcKHe H3BecTHs", KypcK, Ha nopejioMe", Ci/rojreKck. 30." TOJIOC P0CT0Ba' , PoCTOB. TojicthH M<ypnaji< Mhhck. 31." Pyjib", CarnpH20. "Eetc", Chojeghck. Mhhck, 32= miyr h Men", ^ecKHti scypHazE, 3B. " 3xo npHa30Bb5i S Mapayncwib, 21. "Pe^b", Qpeji'., EoGpyficK. XepcoH. 22. "Ha cxpaace Poahhh , EotfpywcK 31J.." Ham nyxb", 35." To^oc KptiMa", CnM(J)oponojT.b. 23. "JKajio'^Qpeji^BoiJpyHcK36. nocjieAHKe H3BecTHfl", KneB. CaxKpHiecKHK x'.ypHaji. " u Oflecca. flMHTpoBCKaa raseTa' , ZfaHT- 37. OAecca", 2i.j_. 38." OAOCCKa^i ra3eTa", OAecca, pOBCK* OA^cca. 39. MojtBa", 25."Cjiobo"
1718. 19.
"Kojtokoji'S
Cjjojtohck.

CMCvreHCK.

'

i(

'

'

,!

26.

"HoBa# 3RH3Hb n

Bch nenaxb GHJia co3Aana jiMAbMH hobhmh, b raaeTHOM p,ejie neonHTHHMH. BeAB 90 % peAanxopoB BnepBHe cejin 3a peflaicmioHHHe ctohh, 75 # scypH&flHCxoB BnepBHe Ha^sutH ni*caxb*

0&uh8 yposeHb rasex, koho^ho, hs otbbh&ji xen Tpe<5oBaHHEM, KOTOpHe npA*Bji5WiH k ne^TK, k ra3exe HHTaxejitu Ha odmefi^cepoM Macon raoex BHAeJUMHCb xaKEre ra36TH, kbk 'Tojioc KpHMa' npoBOAHBUTHM nocjieAOBaTCKbHce a ap^e Apyrnx HauHOHajibHo-pyceKyio cuojieHCKHB "HobhM IlyTb , noMemaBiuntf HepeAKo apKHe^Majthhhio, TepHaJIH OHHXHHX KypHEUIHCTOB, KUeBCKHe "IIOCJieAHHe H3BeCXHSa'> ncKOBCKaa 3a PoflHHy" h AP11 f,

ra36TH npeAcxaBjrnjiH codoio peAKoe HCKJIK^IOHHe. CorjiacHO neMeuKHM npeAnKcaHHSM, ra3exH bhxoahjih He name xpex paa b HGAejiio, Hodojibworo cbopivtaxa, HecSojibiiiHMH xnp aacaMH. Oahk H3 caimx KpynHHX napasefi / 100-120 xmchh / HBiejta opjioBCKas "Pe^b". Ta3ex Hexeaxajio. B HeKOXopae pafiOHH ra3e XH C0BC6M He nonaAajiH. Oxtxejihiiue, cjiy^atoo noaBjuiBiuHecfl Howepa npoA&BajiH
EaKeflHQBHHe

3a

tfojibiirae

AeHbrtf.

3aHHTHBajiH He ao ahp, a ao

jeo CKyXKOB,

Ha yKpaHHe jiynweti ra3exoM, ncxsajiyH, (SHJia "flHenponeTpoBcKan ra3exa , cxoaBmaH Ha nenpHMHpHMHX aHXHdojibiireBHCXCKHX no3Hqrax, MeHbine, MeM /jpyrne ra3eTH, oaBHceBuias ox neumeB, cbo dOAHafi OX BJIiiJ3HH^ UIOBHHHCTHieCKHX rajIHUHMCKHX 3JieMeHT0B.
,f

KaKOBo ne 6wiq coflepscaHHe ra3ex? IlepeAO mhoH JiezmT HOMep ra3GTH "Pe^b" OT 18 HKJifl 1 91^,3 roAa, nocjieAHHfi noiiep, BHiueAL'iH^i b Opjre: ^epec ABa ah^i Hanajiacb odman oBaKyaijHH ropOAa
Box coAep)KaHHe gtoto HOKepa: na nepBoM CTpaHHiie: nepeAo Ban "PyccKoe ocsctfOflHTeJibHoe ABKaeHHe' , 3aKaH^HBawmaHCK cjioBaMHr "BojEbiueBHSM <5yAOX yiiKHXojKeH* PyccKHii HapoA 6yAex >KHTb,
'

v 58

71

Hosan Pocchh (JyaeT nocxraoena",

KOB.

CBOHKa BepxoEHoro KOMaHflOEan:

.

H 119 cai,i0^cxoB 3a HBP. flHH yHHHTOBeHO 866 TaHKOB v qjpa30H. HaeToa csoflKa cxaHAapxHoii ajih topo spoMeHH
'

tuw

5S

" "Ha EOCXOHHOM 6P 0HTG EpOflWISCaOTCfl <^* ? {f y ___ obkok. KoopecnoH aguish hg Bhhh^ iioa otfmau aarw A&J^rv nOCXaBKH <3?HHJIHHAHIu gaMeTKHJ 'TepKaHCKHe Ka "CO.M8I CZKOpCKOJypemcS^SS; P OB Sa BOCXOHHOM ft,OHTe f ro floCTaBJioH Ha <5e.per". ero KjiHKa h Hapos% Ha BTopori expanse: cxaxBK "Cxajnm, npodaeny 6o P i,<5h Hancero napop b kotopo! aLop pacoMaTpuBaei

P^Ka

ii

gZa

I APyrnx Bo* fl ofi (SoabineBHSMa;

oSdihu P ha saneTOK no fl

xy fl a na pa<5oxy, cbobk nHCbKO ho repuaima ot Resyvmvi, yexasmen

pOflHTeJIHMj

aHByiUHK 3 Opjie.
o<ie P K

Ha TpeTBefi cxpanrae:

"Ha upaHHoro nponworo", pHcy-

KOBb^flP.3 "oaaqp npeccn

ocsotfOBfleHHUx MecxHOCTe*".

HOMemcoro KOMaHAoaaHa HOTBepTofi expanse: "OnoBemeHne" ojOfleH AJta aafiopa BaHHBO nopaflse npoxaicseHHH peracxpaitHH

S^aseHBO

pyJ

oto Hatera opjtoBCKoro paflHO-yMa. xeaxpos, pacnacaime paflno-nepeAaH xpex HedcuibiiiHx KOMHaB T>esauiiH "PeHH", nouemaBnieBoa b -7%<OBeK: peflaKTop, ero aauecTHTeab, xpa coxxax MauraHHCTKa b nepeeoA^K. HKKa, b xom wc*e KoppeKxop,
o oaope khhp

a^

POA,

cihoih^,

pa5S
C

rasexa xaKHM cKpoiiHHK mraTow Ae-aa-iacb THpaKOK. TH, rii36ia CO CIOTHOflHHHM

rjoi n,eaofi

ofijrac-

cocxaSex

He HOAaBajIHCb. HCKJIBHeHHB KHHEH B 3aHOTHX OGjiaCXHX nOHXH BimyciHEinea noBOCTt C.MhcWohckoo HBAaiejibCTBO,

IZl

KHHra ctuxoe C.EceHHHa. E.BepoS> B a "Kaoyn". B Pare BHnisa pasjiHMHSie nojmiHB ^.-wwrrHx KftiiiMCTBax pacnpocipaHH^HCs

H?

$8

72

MeCKHG <5pOHIEpH, KOTOpHG BHnyCKaJIHCt Z M6CTHHMH HGflaTejibCTBaMH Z CepjIHHCKHliH,

HanepBHe dponnopH, Tanze krk "Mto fla^ra coBeTCKaa EJiacTb - omh itphmhxhbhh no coposy?", -"Hto AOJiaeH OHaTB KaaflHfi?", nosBHJicfi eiue AepKsaKHK), HanncaHH imoxzm pyccKHM kshkom. 3axen K HOBOM 5AZ3HH PHfl aHOHZMHNX 6pOI!TK>p: "KaTOpKHHK -COIIZaJIZOM", "no HOBOfcfy nyTz", "Kbk cTajtzHCKan "51 Bpar cob6tckoH BJiacTH", ,Tx iTo CyseT nocjre u mazKa yrHeTaaa Hapoa",
,
.

ZHTepecto opoHHe nHTajics ot kpzthkz uriopa "Hto 6yseT nocjie", b KOTopoz aBTop dojiBiueBHSMa nepeiiTz k otfpzcoBKe KaKHx-To KOHTypoe tfytfymero, paso^aho Horjia BHSBaTfa HKHero, KpoMe HeAoyueHHH z ropbKOro 6UJiO y3HaTb, pOBaHZS: CO6CTB6HH0 TOBOpn, Z3 6pOlHl0pH Tpy^HO pzcoBajic* B hto "6yaeT nocjie"* npecjioBy-raz "hobhh nopHAOK" AOBOJIbHO HeHCHHX, Mpa^HNX KOHTypax.
Ecjiz b "KaTopscHOM couzajizsMe" MHTaxe^b HaxoAHJi AaHHHe o pafioBjiaflejiBHecKofi KomjJiarepHofi czcTeue,

3aT6M no^BHjiHCb dpounopH, Ha oC^toscKax KOTopbix yKasHBajizcb z aBTopH, nanpzwep, "Afl na QeM^ie" B.IIfaapoBa.
b BpomiopH oHBiuero hguqukovo KO?,uiyHHCTa, rojivq KZBiuero u H.MocB noflBa^ax , H0CRF3K.AsB(SpexTa "RaacTb CxajiKHa", COBGTCKOH 3KOHOMHKH" HHTSUIHCb y>K6 C KBHHa "HeMZHyOHHfi KpaX
!t

mY

dOJIblUHIvI

HHTepeCOH.
KHzrz: BocnoMHHaHzs h c<5o P hhk onepKOB tea-

HazfiojEBiuzH se ZHTepec BHSBajiz A^e no^KOBHHKa B. MajibueBa "B noaBajiax rmr" '. Ha HBazoBa "9to z ecTb tfojibiueBzoM
1

pzcoBaHHHx z neH3 Eepjizna npzcbuiajrocb MHoro njiaKaTOB, neicemczx xyfloaHHKOB ueixKmm z pyccKiMH xyAoaHHRaiiz. Khcth Hosaa EBpona npzHawieffiajiH xaKze nponaraHAHHe ureAeBpH, KaK HeiiemcHii nocjie noA ceHbio HeneHKoro opjra, hjih '^to <5yAeT mom a tojibko yczjiHTb opeji "na nocne" - nepcneKTHBa, KOTopaa amzHeivieHKHe HacTpoeHHH. H yczjizBajiaJ
1
'

yzzHTOseHze GojiBUieBHKaMz npz OTCTyiuietizz npoAOBOJibCTBeHhhx sanacoB, bsphbh z noflsxorH kjhwhx 3AaHzfi z 3aBOAOB BHSBajiz nosceMecTHoe BOcnymeHHe Hacejrenzfi. nenaTb Hauia HearajEO 06 stqj nzca^a. Ha 3Ty see rewy nonBHJEOCb HecKO^bKO lunaKaTOB.
Bot oflHH hg hhx, BHH3y, Ha luiaKaTe, ropniuze ropoAa z cejiel. HaA hhmm dbni*ypa CTaazHa. Tjiaza BHTapameHH ot yisaca, ropnaa mz tfjfit^? rhuai Z3 pyKi pyna co cBacTznoz flepsczT CTajiziia nop ot
-

K 58

73

Ha rmaicaTe Haflnacb!
"IIporpaMMa CTajuma - ydHKijH h nofl&iaraTejHiJ yiiHMTocwepTb. 5SHTb EauiH 3anacH, htoCh otfpe^B Bac Ha rojiOflHyro

nop&evb Bams, ropoAa k

cejia,

mto6h

jihiiihtb

Bac Kposa.
JIHlHHTb

yHH^TO:iCHTb BaiUH dbaGpKKH H 3aBOAH, sapaCoTKa k xjrefia.

^TOCH

Bac

Aoporn h mocth, noAB03a npo^yKTOB.

Pa3pyitiHTb

mt

o6h

jtHiuHTb saiim

ropoAa

TaKOBa nporparaa npecTynHHKa CTajruHa".

imvajix B 191+3 vo^y, Korfla hgmuh caMK nepefl OTCTyiuieHtfeM $a6pKKH, se^b HeBspHBaTb HB3opBaHHHe CojibiireBHKaMH 3aBOAH k TaKHe iuiaicaTH Combine He no&&jLx.JiviCh co}K3KeHHHe ropoAa

oahh njianaT: "EeperHCbJ" no hqjiobohqckwa ream MHHTCH KOJieCHHIja CMepTH. OCKajreHH 3y^H B36eCHBHTHXCH MepHHX KOHeM, MejiBKawT b Boo/iyxe oKposaBjreHHNe KonHTa. HenejiOBevecnepeHouiGKofi 3J1060S h HenejioBe^ecKHH cTpaxoM nepeA rp*i flyman KJiyho jihijo E03HHUH - CTajiHHa. A C3aflH, Hafl hhm, HecyTca B gax flHiia h njiaMeira ocnajieHHHe mopah: JIghhh, KaranoBH^ ZfrepBox
eiue

KCKHCKHM,

TpOljKHM,

CBepflJlOB,

nponaraHAa, npeAHa3Ha^eKHan ajth cosexcKoro TLiJia, hslxoOcodeHHo b 1%1 a AHJiacb noMTH siCKJiK^HTejibHO B pynax He?^eB. y^acTHe b 19L2 r r. pyccKae aHTHOOJibiiieBBKa peAKO irpuHHMajra cocTaBJieHHH jihctobok. flmce b 19I|4 roAy 30HAepc|)K)pepH o6pamaJIHCb K KpaCHOapMeStatail C TaKHMHHB033BHHBHH:
,r

"KpacHoapMeeij, HacTynaeT BecHa, reds KAex 3gmjih. BthrydepHHio. K aS mxHK b seiuuo k hah k ce<5e aomoB, * TaiKSoBcicyio
Hto, Kpone HCKpeHHero cMexa, norma BH3BaTb y Kpaciio-

apue^qeB TaKan ^HCTOBKa?

Tan, vrq b patfoxe HaA nponaraHflHHMH MaTep Havana npHHHMajEH ynacTHe pyccKHe aHTHdcwibiireBHKZ, MOTJia nCHBKTbC.3.

TaKaa jiHCTOBita sp^A

Jia

Ha cpeflHeM y^acTKe #poHTa, b Eodpyficice, K3AaBajiacb raraseTH h sexa, no BKQmneuj BHAy / sarc/rOBOK, uiph^th, dbopMax dpoHTosoM ra3&TH t.a. / .rrRwrwuie.fi iiojehoH KonaeH coEeTCKoM

if

58

Ik

rasexy nejiaji (5hbwkM c5axajibOHHHia Koi-.mccap Kpac"3a poflHHy M hoh apMHH, seypi-iajTHCT no npoqpeccHH. Pa3QTa cGpacHBajia.cb Ha
.

coBeTCKHe no3nunH h thjih c caucaeTOB. IIo paccKa3aM nepeCos^hkob, ra36Ta rrpOHOBO^HJia acKJiioHKTeJibHoe fleftcxBue. Ecjeh ee o6HapyncHBajiH y KpacHoapMeSua? to paccTpejmBajiH Ha HecTe. Bhji npHKa3 c^aBaxB $airiHCXCKyK $ajibiiiH&Ky b OcoChg otrbjih, ho HHTaa ee.
fi 11

Ilapa

z b xy

usee

#o6pHx kohcB BHHecjra Hac i-ia bhcokhK otkphtuM 6yrop caMyio MHHyxy cHH3y, K3-3a p6KH, flOHecjiacB aBxonax-

Ha,q onepeflb-

HHCTHHKTHBHO npzrHyjT POJIOBy. 0HH H3 MOHX CITyXHHKOE, yHTep-otJiHiiep H-ckoto EoGpoBojiB^ecKoro 6aTajiBOHa, yjtbio"Hyj[C:
fl

Ho Coiaxecb.

Spsi

<5beT:

#ajieKO

yxe

ohchb.

oh cTpejr^oT? - cnpocHji h, BCMaTpuBa^cB b TyHaHHyro ajib pa3JiHBireiic Recnu.

OTKysa

r.c

- A BOT C&OTpHTe BnpaBO, FR6 KOQKOJLhKO AepOBbGE OT^e^bho ctojit, -CKa3ajr yHTep-ocbHitep, no,n;aBa mho Chhokjtb h yna3HBan pyKO"^- Ha flajreicHB jiec, no Ty cTopoHy peKH.

Afct

exajiK no

eoK,
BOfla.

ao caKoro

.Tieca

BHcOKOHy jieBOMy 6epery ^ochh. ITpaBbifi, jryroHa ropH30Hxe h jioc 3ajrnjia BecenKHH nojiasi

Me;:tAy cociiaMH, ctosiuhkh iia onyimce 3ajiHToro bo#oio ^eca, h paccMOTpe^i 3aMacKHpoBaHHyio bctbhmh jioflKy. Ta.it Haxo^KJiCH napxH3aHCKKM HatfJiioAaTejibHKE nocr. Oxxyfla h flavin no Hac aExo-

MaTHy OHepe^b.,
npaBOMy 6epery npoxo^iwEa rpaHKna napxH3ancKHx paisohob. Ha jieBOM tfepery, flo caMoro Tpyo^eBCKa, ctohjih rapiiH30~ HaMH flOGpOBOJTb^ieCKHe GaxaJIbOHH.
IIo

Ho^apou ynxepKOpoxKoro 3HaK0J.icxBaj HasnocJsHijep, Koxoporo r nocjie Haurero Eaio npocxo CepreoM MiixpocJaHOBHMeM, nepe/j 0TrE;e30M xaK bhhmrxe,7r*T70 uportopai cBoii asiOMBT, HeflapoK bckj ^opory MKe ynapa.iracb e 6ok cyMKa c rpaiiaxaMH. 7 flpyroro Moero cnyTHHKa, gojiHo h 3Aecb vacxo notfEjmJtHCb napxn3aHH,

F 58

75

aBTOHax.BooHaraH ottspy::ceH h a, miaTCKHfi vcjiobbki HoyAOoHHft h rKBaeT npaBtiH Kapnan najibxo. 51 ero ocxaBHJi Ha noce, noA najibxo, a CepreM MHTpoq-.aHOEira cKa3a;i HacTaBtfxejrbHo:
saTa,

kotophB npaEHT

jtouraABMH,

Ha KOJteiwix

Tosce

Trasejrafi

TaM oh BaM 6e3 no^bsn tfyAex. B KapMaH

nojtostsiTe.

A hto, pa3Be, 3ASCB

Tosce

<5HBaiGT?

noHHTepecoBajic^i a.

EepexceHoro Eor tfepe&ex, - yKjioHiaso OTEexnK CepreK feTpOCbaHOBHM H HOCOBeTOBaJI - Ot Baiuero narana nojib3H ubjlo. BoshJiHxe bot eme ehhxobKy. ECJIH MTO, - BHHTOEKa He TtORBQReT
.

BQHJT S H

BHHTOBKy.

CTpOJTbdH H3-3a peKH, MHHOEaJEH Kan hotom kho paccicasajiH b 6axajrbonacHHl! pavioH <5jraronojry^KO. ohg, km npoessajiH ^epes jiec, no acoropoMy npojiera^a Cojthw&z npoxoAHJiH nacTo pasBeAUEaxejiLiiHe rpynnbi napxHsaHCKan Aopora napTH3aH.
BCJIH He

CHKTaTb
fi

6Q0U,eJlhHO\rl

CepreK MaTpo$aHOBHH cpa3y pacnoaoxom uena. k ce6e. Xopomee pyccKoe mho, rvia3a AOtfpHe, KpecTMHCKHG. He hagt Cepreio oh h He Clui MHTpodbaHOBHHy BOGHHa^i tfjopwa, Aa eme HOisoiiKaa. TO^IbKO, KOra H eUHH npHILWlH HHKOrAa BOGHHHH, 3a BHHXOBKy B3HJECS

nOflCHHeT OH. - BCK ECH3Hb Tom-, KorAa MoacHo 6>agt 3a hhx E3nxbc$i no-HacxonmeMy.
- EOJTbUieBHKOB <5HXb,
-

PtfUZJl

KpecTiflHHH. B 1930 toaY oxua ero nponocaflswH, kc.k "noflKyjiaHHHKa", 3a BHcxynjieHEie Ha coopaHHH ynepjia ox rojioAa. CaM THB KOJixooa. Oxeu. nom6 b ccEuiKe. MaTb e oh, xorAa eme mojjoaoS, ABaAHaTHAByxjceTHafi napeHt, yexaji KBfUEHcpHKaCudupb. Patfoxaji b OpcKe, Ha cxpoHTeJibCTBG. Tlojiywut Hanajiacb BoSna, ny~ UKio KaMeHiuHKa. ftz-heezvm bcto CTpaHy. KorAa Ho cTKJicx Ha sanaA, "Henna BCTpenaTb". TyT ero b apMHK bsjiot. BoeEaTb ROjiro no cxaji.

CepreK Itopo&aHOBHH

Cop re ft

He 3a hto BOOBaxb Chjlq, He^ero 3amnmaTb, Hhtpo&ojkobhm.

roEopHT

Co^cAax idEaeT rojroBoS: - IIpaEJUibHO, He HocbKy

see

3ammnaTb?
6wi b apMHH.

Oh - tfNnmnfi xpmcropHCT.

Toace

H?

$8

76

Hy a kbk HeMiiK?
CBOJlOHKi
-

cnpauiKBaio a.
COJEflflT.

TOEOpHT KOpOTKO

CoproM MuTpo^aHOEHH paccKa3HBaeT!

c^eHe Mory hx noHHTb. noneMy ohh xotst see cai^H noAaaHTbcn He se^iaioT. fla jtaibl CjiasoH CBoeft, hto jih, npoimiou ro, BeAb h c^iaBH ocofioH yaee hot* Boh rfle <5hjih b CeBCKOtf $poHT. TaK hot, Ay, Ha Bojire, a cefinac hto? noA xenepb aoece cemh. He AaioT HaM pasBepiiyTbCfi. Bot 3Aecb si BKeuiraajaTc* b Aasce, b tfaTajiboHax: mary He AaioT cTynKTb. HoraMK. Tojibko b pacnopKZ^HHfl KOMaHAHpoB, nyxaioTCH no a b <5oE HeMHH He jnoc5ok h HyBCTByeuiB ce6sr caiiocTOHTe^tHo: HeMen. 6gt xoaht6, Aa eme npoTHE napTHoaH. Hy k <5ohtch Messy conoanymafiTe, KorAa ohh pasrasapHBaioT napT3ani Hy a Tojibxo- k cjuhuihiii*: 'FlapTKsaHen, napTHoaHeH* oio, BHAepacHnapTHsann 3aT0 6ohtch Hannix Ao6poBOjimeB* PeAKO sa npaBoe Aejio, saiGT doft. noHHKaioT, hto Cmdtcji c HaMH He
fl
<5
.

CTaJiEtHa

ox

vis.6ejiVL

cnacaioT.

CKopo A hto y Bac Tan HOBoro, b: raseTax hto nui'iyT? CKopo b EJiacOBa npH3Haa>T? V nac TyT noroBapHBaioT, hto noAHHHeHHe k HeMy BoHfleM. BepHO qto? Ctcopee 6u. A to cnpaBHTbCH. BeAB paaoGbKT 6ojihweBKKVt HeKueB. CaMHM soi He noraojio. y Ecjih ceMnac pyccKyro apMKio He coaAaAy? - Bee aoHflepKowaHAO oh npaeeacaji. B H ac napeneK oahh c (fcpoHxa HTO OHeHb B KaKOH-TO, Ha Ty CTOpOHy XOAHT. TaK TOBOPHT, HaceaeHHe Tan ceMnac raoxo. Tojioa cTpaniHHfl. Hanero HeT. ueTjny rpedyT. Bce jywi q^poHoCopBaHHoe, uy&hkh Bcex noA xysce Ta ti Hy h a^bht Henna juaccofi. A HeMen. yace BoesaTb Ajuiec TaK Heneq kphhht: cTajr. KaK to^bko oTCTymieHne, Ho Kanyx. Buy vse Kaacexcfi, hto Bee kohh6ho, nponrpa^iK. AecflTQK Hauinx akbhshK cefca Beat c pynaTeJibCTEOM rosopio: KaK pBaHy^H dn'-.TaK ao MockbhI A HeMen, nac na cbpoHT.., BnepeA He hath, fla oh k can 3TO yxce BHAOxen. Tenepb eny noHHMaex. A bot hgm Bce-TaKH He Aaex pa3BepHyTbGK. H Kto-to HHorAa AyMa, hto y neMueB tok HSMena mokt <5htb. rnwepa He coscosHaTejibHo topmosht, kto-to yroBapHBaeT AaBaTb pycCKOfl apMHH, noTowy hto pyccKaa apMHa - Mfl CTajiHHa cirepxb. '

Vne cTajio xeMHexb, KorAa noKa3ajracb ApeBHa - neJih HameS Teno noeaAKH. Ocwt yflapaar no jioiaaflflM h aane,* ehcokhm hhcthm
pox.i:

T
F
58
-

77

"EBeTcc b TecKOH neiypKe oroHB, Ha nojienbax c?,rojia, KaK cji&ob."

. .

koKto TaKHe? - pasAaJica BHeaanno peaKUK okphk h bhimh aa uy^y xBopocia, 3 a Cymcepa, kotophH a iiphhhji CHaiaaa rpaHaxai.su co^ifiax. y nac npoEeflBoe BoopyjseHHHE BHHTOBKaMH Phjih ROKyMeHTH h nponycxHJiH.
-

CToii.

vs.

sceM fleTaKHe >:ce 3aMacKi-rooBaHHHe oyHKepa ctohjih BOKpyr jmrepb. flepeBHn HanoMHHajia peBHH, iroeBpameHHog e BoeHHuS 1acT& KpaEHHX hsc ^ ooascffleHHyn KpenocTb. BoKpyr nee - <3yHKepa. bhcokoS AepeBaroion ehiiikh, kphto& lose npeBpameHa b CyHKepa. C ^jacOBHe ocMaTcoaouofi / npauo,- KaK bo speMeHa TaiapwHiraJ /, WKOB H KeWi, BOOpyEeHH ., PHBEIOT OKpeCTHOCTH. TCTTBKO BMeCTO nyjJeBeiaMH. Ilocjre HacxyrMeHHa t6Mhoth xonneohh aBTOMaiauH Hue no eflHHCTBeHHoK flepeBenCKoM yxune npeKpamaaocB.
vs.

codnpaHO 7CK3HB BCe-TaKH TeKJIZ CBOHM KepeflOM. MOJIOfleKb Bssajin, uyffiiHjseiniyHisr jiact BMeoie c cojiAaTaKH na BenepHHKH, toii na cxoflKax y cxapocTH, ksk hu npnfleTcn b B hh odcyaflaaa pyicax: HHa^e n apTH.*aopyxHeii b rofly ceaxb. CeaTb codnpaaHOb c HHxa^n "PeHb" a "3apio", cnop^H, iiiwh hh He S a fl yT. (Xomepu iraeHHS saaxoKOB, HeuenKHS nraanc*H P yccKH caMoroii, kotoP hK, no Tasoe y speHe ycxynaji jiynniefcty iroancy. IIaH see - h noimory: mh dHJio npOKJIKTOe.

Beiep si npOHHTaji poTe flOKJtafl - "E0JiBiaeEH3M Bpar pyccKoro Hapoaa". nocae flOK^afla, KaK odHino, cyafcCa^ Rsacose, o boitooch. CnpaiHHBajm xo^bko od oahom: o Kpoe odutnx OcBOfioflHxejibHOPo flBHseHBR. Mxo a Mor CKasaxb, ocpnuepH, tok e npoAOJisajtca pasroBop b H3de, rfle stum dtoaa? yipa. flsoe ogsmeh rae a ocxaHOBiwca Ha no^er. FoBopMH ao paccKaaHBajiH o imewie p0Ej xojibko hto BepHyBiiiaeca hs BepjiHHa, POAe flaOeHAOpc^e. 3Aecb a snepBHe yBHAe^E HeKeqKHfc sypHaji "yHTepMeHni", npHB3eHHHi! aefiieHaHToM fciamKOBHM.
B tot
>xe

3^1

- roBopzT oh APo.-samHM ox HeroAOBaiiHH ranocoM, Bot pyCCKOrO M6JT0BOT BOOHOTpHTe. UTO OHH fl&BaBT, KaK H3O<5pa Kai0T Hapo fl e ctpohhtoh noAiiaTt npoiHB Be K a, KiKyio HenaBHcxb b cbobm sooCme npoacxoAHTf nac. Bee norydar: h cefia, h Hac. ^Ito y hhx 3auoh npaeaaaji k Hat, npaBas pyKa He sHaex, hxo fl eJtaeT Jiesaa. thjioboh odJiacTbio. C peMBK cicma reHepaa BepHrapA, KouaHflyiMiosB cokskhkh, hh EHocxe aojishu k hou odpaTMoa: eh, rosopHT, EaniH Epara. A npaeDhath uporHB <o.in,mBH3Ma - h saniero, h Hamero noKasHBaioT. Fep.iini - MHe "yHTepMeHiu" b fladeHAOp^e 3

MV

,-,

i:

58

^8

A xoponro Tan, b mKOJie nponaraHAHCTOB, - rosopHT jieHTeHaHT. - Bot rAe HeMues kpowtJ He cTecHflMTCi-. Tom ecTb npenoAasaTejib 3affrieB. Bot KpoeT.' /la tek TOJihKo h mo&ho, HKane hhqero He flo<5beMcc. no Mopae npnMo HaAo! A to BeA* noryfiHT, ecjtH y::ce h norytfHJiH.
JlewTeHaHT paccKasajr,
go

mto b

flatfeHAoptjb

cte3^caioTC^ ocfjimepH

Bcero (JjpoHTa, hto KeKOTopne npHe3jjcaioT TyAa c np 060 ji tine bhctckhmk HacTpoeHHOTH, Kpyrvie, Hao6opoT, c npoHeMeiiKHMH, a yes&aioT see rop^HHMH pyccKHMH naTpHOTaMH, ytfescAeHUHMH aHTHfiOJIbl-ieEHKaMH.

Tanaa TaM aTMoc^epa, 3axBaTHBaeT ^e^ioBeKa. fl Tenept Combine naAeiocb na Haury nodeAy, HMeHHO Ha Haiiry, pyccKyio, a He HeMeijKyK). Bot KorAa AHApeM AHApeeBHH. AO<5beTca bo3Wojxhocth apMHio cbok ^opMnpoBaxb - Toraa noBAeT jxejiol - 3aKan^HBaeT
-

jteMTenaHT.
FtporoBopiwiH bch) HOMb* Tojibko noA caMee:yxpo a npisjier Ha npKroTOBJieHKyK) mho nocTejib H3 ceHa, nonpHToro cepHM coffAaT^: v CKHM OfleHJlOM. B 9 HaCOB MH ABHHyjItfCb C GepreeM IferpOlJ)aHOBH<HeM b AajibHefiiirHft nyTb, ao caeAyiomero cejra-KpenocTH, nepe3 jiec, r&e, KaK neji Han TpeTHfr cnyTHHK:
M

J[o

cMepTH MeTHpe mar a" ...

,Hoc5poBojibHecKKe bohhckho ftopMHpoBaHHfl cymecTBOBajtH Ha

TKflOBHX TeppHTOpHHX BCeX HeMeiJKHX apKHfr, xoth BepXOBHOe H6MeuKoe BOMaHAOBaiiHe upothbhjiocb ynacTHio b BoSne caMocTOHTejibhhx pyccKHx bohhckhx 4)opjviHpoBaHH#. He paa IVr^ep H3AaBa^ npH-

Ka3H, noATBepjKAaioinKe ero npmmHnH&abHyro ycTaHOBKy: pyccKHx xojibKo bo BcnoHoraTe^ibHue KOMaHAH.

OAHaKo, KOMaHAyromae apMMMH, Macxn^Ho c BeAOMa BepxoBHOTO KOMaHAOEai-IKH, ^iaCTKMHO Ha C0C5CTBeHHHM Cpax H pHCK, C03AaJTH MHoroMHCjieHHHe $op*fHpoBaHz.q, KOTopHe AewcTBOBajEH b Ttuiax, no tfopbtfe c napTH3aHaMH, ctoswih Ha oxpane KOMMyHHKanHH, CKjraaoB.

MOCTOB H

T..fl.

TojibKo b Ti-yioBHX paftoHax oahoS apMHH, 2-oft TaHKOBoE, no flecHe h flHenpy, vp,e line npKiiwiocb notfbiBaTb b anpejie-19^3 roAa
CTOSIJIQ

16 CTpeJIKOBHX AOtfpOBOJIbieCKHX CaTaJIbOHOB.

Fi notfbiBaji bo mhothx cejiax h AepsBH^x yitpeiuceHHoro paiioHa na npasoKi depepy flee Ha: b KpacnoM Pory, CaspacoEKe, yTax Ko^io/tjiom, ypyio, HBaHOBCKOivi, MbHacTHpume, *oMHHHe, MaHcypoE;

K6,

IJjTior'tCOPe*

E-

58

"

79

BcTpeMH h fljiHTejibHtie CeceflH c ocfcsmepaMH h cojiflaTaitH HHX - pyCCKHe naTpHOTH, flHJIH M6HH D TQM, 1TO tfOHBlUHHCTBO H3 jrecax, He aa ,to cpasicaioTCR ohh 3flect. b speny^HX BpancKHx OTHOCHHHCb C HeCKpHEaeIieMaeB, K KOTOpHM BCe <5G3 HCKJOOieHHS npoTHE ficuibiaeHenpHfiaHBB h fla-ice c H e H aBHCTbio, a tojibko
uofi

y6e-

EH3Ma.
floepoBo^ibHecKHe coeAHHeHHc, He KpynHee c5aTuibOHa, rofla. nojiKH, cTajiH cosflaBaTbca eme b cepeflHHe 1 9ij-2
miorfla

cboio BoeHEewxs. OTHOcMHOb k nonHTKaM pyccKHX coaaaxb Bee HeMeqKHe BoeHe nyio CHJiy c CojibiiroM ooTopojsHOCTbio, flajieKO HascTpe^y pyccKHJ.tr aHTH<5ojibiireBHKaM. HaMajibHHKH nomas*

onynooieneHHO hhcjec Tanux coeflKHeimfi see pocjio.Jloc.Jie rofla, uapTe 1 T K P HTOro nBCbua A.A.B^acoBa, b 6ATSROBB.svta 9/J-3 nOflteMOH B OKKyilHpOBaHHHX oOjiaCTfiJC BM6CT6 C imxpHOTHieCKHM ^acTH. yciKUMCfi: npHTOK aodpoBOJibiieB b bohhckhs

xapasEHTHe PyccKoro 0cDO<JonHT&nhHoro RBVuesast h noffbena naipHOTHQKa a Haaess P aTepHayeToa nepHOflawa cnafla H apo a hcxoa bohhh, c koto P hm Ha noOeAOHOCHHlt flJifi pyccKoro e, bo-btoP hx cBH3HBuiocb, so-nepsHx, KpymeiiHe fioabiireBH3a Pocchh. H to h Apyroe cbhshnocipoeHKe cBO<5oflHOii HeaaDHOffioi B HOfiefly O fl HOrO H6BOJIH HM6HH0 O 0cBO<5OfiHT9JIbHHM flBHBeHJieil. h He Aa*H HH^ero ^ponero HeuKoro qpyaaa yae He EepHffl, Aa BepajiH TBepso, ot 3 ToH nodean. B OcDOfiofiHTejibHoe see fiBHseHHe nojiyiBBiiraS b pyKH opynne, ocboooEepOTiH, mto pyccKHS H'apoA,
Boocime
fl

AHT POCCHIO CaM.

CBeseHHa o EwacoBe, cTaBueK hotom chkbojioh flBiraeHHEahk, nocxB^HCb b KOHue 191*2 ro fl a. BneKaflpe 19^.2 b hoi* b OpaoBcicofl odJiacTH k pe 19U3 ro fl a hs Eojixobckobo pafioHa noflnncaHHyio reneOpe* npHBesjiH fleiutapaman PyccKoro KoMHreTa, KoKBieia, a eehepajr-aefiTeHaHTOH A. A. BaacoBHM, npeAceAareaeit Koimiera. ?ap.ou c no*paji-HaaopoM B. . MaaHMtHBHK, ceKperapeK
netDBHe
iihc*;mh CTOHJia

A^Ta: "12 AeKadpK 19l|-2

r.

CMOJieHCK".

HaraeHOBaHHe CMOJieHCKofi, ocBofio^enpHSHEa^a Hapo A k cBepEeKHK cTajiHHCKoH THpaHHH z hhk Pocchh.

fleKJiapaqHn,
jiojiynHBinafl iiotom

B 13 nyHKTax xeKJiapcmun jKaauBaj!.nch ocHOBHiie i'.KTl>-' 'jmT.<T ttoBoii Pocchh.

,

nojiosceHiu:

fl?

80

A uweHHor ycTaHOEjiei-iHe no,THoro pateHcTBa ecex HapoAOB POCCHH H C03AaHHe HOBOiS'TOCyAapCTBeHHOCTK, COIIHaJIbHHe K 5K0HOHHHecKH MeponpHHTM, Hanp aBJienHHe Ha nosHflTue GjiarococTOHHHa Hapo^a, jEHKBHflamKi ko^xosob h nepe^a^a seiuH KpecxbHHaM, cbojiHKBHflamiK npHiiyAKTejrbHoro TpyAa Ha $a<5pHKax z 3aBOfla;c, 60Aa TBopnecxBa wrejuryLreimjm, rapaHTHH HenpuKocnoBeHHOCTK JIHHHOCTH, OCE0603KAeHHe nOJXHTHHecKHX 3aKJH0*ieHHHX.

HHKaKHx odtamnaji&HHX cooOmeHHK hh o aeiuiapanHH, hh o camom KoKHTere He nocjieAOBajio. TojihKo b neKoxopHx ra3eTax 3aHHTHX OtfJtaCTSfi npOMeJIbKHyJlH CTaTbH H SOMeTKH C COOtfmeHHHMH o C03AaHHH KOMHTSTa.
TeM He Menee, pocjiH h urapiMiHCb: "CoGAaeTcn pycCKoe npaBHTejibCTEo", "*opsfHpyeTCH apMira".
Cjiyxn,
. .

HKKaKHx noflTEepsKfleHHft cjiyxH lie cTynsuro paoo^apOBaHHe, ynaflOK Ayxa.

nojsyHHjiH.

3a notfbeMOK na-

B MapTe 19^3 rofla noHBHjroct OTKpHToe nucbMo RnacoBa.

CHosa, kqk h CMOjseHCKaa fleKJiapamwr, nacbMO Ebi3Bajio BOJiny naTPHOTHMecKoro no^eua. IThcbmo otfcysAajiH b peAanmi^x ra3eT, cTporaaK, b y^peafleHHsx, b eohhckhx mqctax. PasdnpajiH ero no noBTopnjiH noc^eAHHe ero cjioaa:

Tozce

"Pocch^ HameV

Hanra.

IIporjioe

Pocch

Hame.

ByAFUee Pocckz

OAHano, pa3Aasa?iHGb a Apyrne rojioca, yKa3HBaiomHe Ha to, mto BjracoB - GNBiratt KOiatyHHCT, too oh Eepotf h npaBAOH cjiyscHJi 6ojibi!ieBH3My MHoro jieT. "noiewy mh aoji^hh eny noAHHH^Tbc^? Hacxb TaKHX rojiocoB npanaflJEesajia jhgajim, ncicpeHHo He sejtaramHM noAHHHHTbCis dHBiueMy KOMMyHHCTy, ne jKejtawmHM npH3HaBaTb ero
.

BOSTfleM.

B-ropan ^acTb ro^ocoB npHHaA^escaaa pa3JiHHHNK MecTHHM "bobcwim" h" "pyKOBOflHTMKM '", KOTopHe cHHTajiH TOJtbKo cecta npnroflHHMH Jia POJIH B0 3rjraBHTe^efi ocBOtfoAHTejibHOH Sopbtfn.
1

HaKOHeu, npoTHB E&acoBa h flBHKeHHH HaMoaa ynopnyio paooTy areHTypa, He tojibko pacnpocTpaHHBiiraH pasjiiredo^biiieBHCTCKafl k 6ojibiiieBHHtie npoBOKartHOHHHe cwiyxH, to o nepexoAe BaacoBa paccrpejte neMijauH, ho h He 6e3 ycnekom, to oG ero apecTe h xa floif.i;3MnoBiTHa EewnaM, b pa3JiHHKHX panopxax h floKjiaflHHX 3anucjcax, b pa3Jin -niKe HeM^KHe HHCTaHqHH BoeHHoro BeffOKCTEa,
T

N?

58

81

recTano, nponaraiiAy, - mto 6waumft KoMMyi-iHCT - h reHepaa He MOK8T BOSTViaBHTb flBHJKOHHe, HTO tJ)OpMHpOBaHH6 PyCCKOM 0CBOdOAHTejibHoM Apmhm - HpesBHHaHHO pjicKOEaiiHHH mar, mto pyccKKe nponHTaHH Combine BH3M0M, hto 3Ta apMiw oTKpoex GojibiireBHKHH Eo^ibmeBHCTCKafT areHTypa, no npmiofi, ko4)poHT h t.a- h T.n. Herao, AHpeKTHBe H3 KpeMjra, jxeji^Jia. Ece, htoCh 3aTopM03HTb pa^BKTze flBH&eHM, npeflOTBpaTHTb nojiosHTe.abHoe pemeuHe homaaMH pyccKoro Bonpoca, npe^oTBpaTHTb cpoprapoBaHHe apitHH.
BeoHofi 191+3 ro^a BjiacoB coBepurmi noe3AKy no cesepo-3aTaTHHnaflHHM odjracxtfM Pocchh, nodHBa* b Cmojj-6Hck6, IICKOEe, cejrax, b bohhckhx He, flno, BHCTynajr na codpaHHJix b ropoaax h ee ^acTJix, roDopwji o tom, hto sojii-ioBajio Bcex, - o Pocchh h OCB060:vA6HHH,

AO^POBOJIb^eCKHX OTpfiAOB, HHTeJUtHreHTH, KpecxBHho He h patfonne Teiuio BCTpenajrn HejioBeica, paHee HeHSBecTHOro, cxajio cxaBiuero ceH^ac fljin hhx cbohm, 6jih3kkk. Him B^acosa <5utb chmbojiok. Ho He noTony, ^to dto <5hut raeHHO B^iacoB. Mor h JiiotfoM APyr^ reHepaji. A noxony, hto RaacoB ojus^btbo^oji
COJIflaXH

JtemneHvie

mo:.:,

HaoejieHne flHOBCKoro pafiona oopaiHJiocb k BjiacoBy c iihcbnpoHHTaHHOM Ha Cojihwou cotfpanHH, b kotopom roBOpiirrocb:
"Ma,
npe,a;cTaBHTejin HacejieHHa.flHOBCKoro paftoHa,

npnocHOBaTe^a PyccnoM OcsotfOAHTejrbKoK BeTCTByew Bac, kqk ApMHH h sepm-i, hto nac H3daBjreHHft Pocchh ot GMbiueBHCTcKoro nra HacrynHT, H oaBepaeM Bac, reHepajr BjiacoB, hto mh BceMH canaJiH noflAepscHM Bac b odmeM HauieM acme h Bee BO3bMeM0H 3a opysme ajih cnaceHHfl Pocchh".
Ha nepBott KOH^epemjuH BoeHHoruieHHHX reHepa^i MajiHitiKHH CAe flBH^eHHs- BcKope oh ;xe jloj: AOKjiaA 06 ocnoBax OcBo<50AHT6JiBHoro pyccKoft 3MHrpanHH, co oaoBaMia, BHcxynaeT b IlapHse Ha cotfpaHHH npo3BynaBiuHiiH npopo*recKH h npeAynpe:r.Aa.iome:

"Pocchh mojxot <5htb nodejKAena tojibko Poocnefi. Eojibiire^ BH3M, no Haiceuy MHeHHio, paaCHTb BOopysceHHHMH cnuttom naBHe Hpe3BH^aBHO TpyAHO, MOSCHO npOH3B6CTH eme HeCKOJIbKO yAapoB, oneHb ^yscTBnxeJibHHX yAapos, mo:icho OAepsKaTb eme HeCKOJIBKO nO(56A, HO OKOHMaTeJIbHO yHHHTOKHTi (30JIBDieBH3M 6e3 HAeojiorHHecKoro ynacTH^ caMoro pyccKoro HapOA^ 3to npeAGTaBjineTCH Haw: HSBoaMOSHiOf"*
J

B tom

see

csoeM AQKjiaAe reHepaji

MajrHiifKHH

cita3aji:

82

58

Pocr

cm

BocToprcecTByeT, CB0K BH3H*".

6yeT kkts
b

BHCTyro-eHBH

Ma*nu*Ma

napy

Ofi^acTHX CTOJIO

"SJejiBHHe nonepa

*<>

COIOO(JOPOHH H T.A-

HalHHaBT

..OcBOfioffTMLBoe ^"?ex KT BCeX, - ROOTHO 06T>enHHHTb 3eT oC^eM 6oP B6e.

,

W^

y*acrByeT

do*ee ; S; BHkob npHH-uaex Bee

KELMB flBH3K6HHn-

r ..

^ -

j<

.H -jj^poj-i

CojIt nies:.

xapaKTep ,.

Q rs/<n-

R.B.KquHHCKgfi.
^-?"

TI1 ,

ntipTflM

. MO3K0T p u HG uftflr T ^o.

rnei, cwbHee ooJiwueBHCTCKHH

n0^ KTH Mec-

khx

iq<?ri'-OMM,

58

83

peszua, Bo-BTopHX, OTcyTCTBHeK nojior.HTejibKoro npHMepa.

^to 3HaeT poccHSHHH cero/i;KamHBiDooflHJi? GTapmee noKOjreiiHe noHHHT h 3HaeT npoiimoe, AOtfojibUieBHcxcKyio Pocch. 3naex o ueii xopoiuee, ho h njioxoe.

3anaae 3anaA 3aKpnx Haiutyxo ot B30pQB Haurero Hapofla. EBponoM cnrpajio napoA cjpjiiiht tojibko OflHo ruroxoe. 3HaKOMCTBo c Jiryx, ^to HeMaJiyio po^b. HapoA y6eAHJiCi b tom, hxo CojibiireBHKH jiyHine^Tpy^na 3anaae TpyAsmaScji jKHBex He xysse, a sHa^xejibHo merocn CCCP. Ho - H xojibKO. Co^a^bHO-nojiHTHHecKHH cxpow 3a:--'. naAa ioae He npeACxaBjEneTca cospeMOHHOMy pocciw;HHHy nfleajibKHH.
.

OdCTaHOBKa b 3aiwTHX HeiataMH otaacTjix HKKaK He cnocoCeTnpoBOBajra cxaHOBjieHHw nojrHTH^ecKHx opraHH3au.HH, paspadoTKe npemmcTBOBajiH bchkhm nonHTKaM iiojihthrpaiiK. HeMeuKHe Bjiacxn MecKoro ofimeHHfi h od-beAHHeHH* aHxmdojibiiieBHKOB, xoth h He npecjieAOBajiH oTKpnxo xaKHe nonnTKK,
noavajicst Henm H. nanpKKep, BecHOii 1 91|3 r0 cobbtckhx KOHLyiarepes, KOTO6kbiuhpj nojiHTH^ecKHB 3aKJiOTeaHHfi napxHio, fiapirif nnxajiCH co3axb KaKyw-xo aHXH<5o^bmeBKCTCKyK napxra, AOBOjibHO nyxaiiHHM, ho ire ni'caji npoeKT nporpai.D.iH bxoh KaK AOKyi.-reHT jtinaeHHHli HHxepeca, KaK AOKyMenx Toro BrpeMGHH, ^e^ioBeKa, TOjibKO ^xo BupBaBLieroHanHcaHHHfi pyKoro coBexcKoro

Opjie,

ca H3-nofl HfleojiorH^ecKoro CojibineBHCXcKoro raexa.

MHTepeoHH xeancH k nporpamte napXHH, Koxopasr B03iyraBjiHjiacb hoxom E. B. KaMHHCKHH, HanKcannne ero npeflurecTBeHHHKOM, ocKOBaxejieM 3toh iigpthh h nepBHM Ha^&HbHHKOM JIokotckobo onpyra HH::ceHepon BockoCoMhhkom, <5hbuihm nojiHT3aKjiioHeHHHM
kxo 3HOTI BocKodotaHKa, ecnoMHHaiox o Hen, Kan o nejioTe BeKe dojibmoro yiia n hhctom flycra. PaccKaaHBaioT, hxo oh ssasHroji nocjieGojibiireBiacTCKOH PocjiioAeH cBoeS BepoB b cBexjioe 6yxyw,ee napxzsan. chh. norz(5 BocKOdotiHHK b oahoE H3 onepamiH npoxHB

TeencH BocKotfoBHHKa, KaK u Apyrae npoeKXH "nporpataitt; no HBMHCb B 3aiIHTbIX HeMHOMH OCSjiaCTflX - h Ha hhx He Mor He CKanporpaMWHO-HAe3aTbCs? syx Toro BpeneHH, OAHaico c (JjauiHCTCKHMia ohh hm6jeh odmee TOJtbKo b oahom: b ojiovHHecKmm "ycTanoBKaHH" oxpHuaHHH KanwTa*TH3Ma.
tee paccKa3HBaaH b EpaHCKe, mo Bocko6omhhk cboh Tesaca HanHcan na ocHOBai-iHH noflncwibHofi (SpojuwpKH, Koxopyro oh bvlrgji b^
KLUin-'l.ii'Oi.nj,

tll^OlirwpH,

H3aHHOk SMHrpaHICKOH aHTHdOJtBIireBHCTCKOM

^8

'

8i|

opraHH3aijHe5. IloaxBepsfleKHfl: 5T0iy paccKG3y n

(5ojibiue

He naxoAHJi

MecTO norH(5urero BocKoGoi-iHKKa 3Ghsije EpoHHCjiaB RnafiHCJiaEoBUM KailHIICKHii, IIOJIKK IIO IipOHCXOHCfleHHK), HO, no BC6K CEld^OTe^b" ctbqm, yde:xAOHHHw pyccKHJi naxpKox, aHTHtfojEbiaeBHK. KgmhhckhK
jiarepflx,

nojiHTsaKJittHeHHHS, npocHfleBiuHis mhoto jrex b cobotckhx kohh.Bo Sua sacxajia ero b OpjeobckoK o<taacTH, Ha oahom hs caxapHHx 3a'BoaoB, r^e oh padOTa^i HHxceHepoM*
xo;:;e

KaHHHOKHii npKKHJI OT BOCKOdOHHHKa TOJlbKO HTO OpraiIH30BaBMywca BoeHHyio nacTb h JIokotckkM onpyr, Ha xeppuxopKH KOToporo

pyccKOMy caMoynpaBjreHHro. IIo floroKOHaHaOBGHHeM, HOKIJH He BMSL 'HBaJIHCB B BOpeHHOCTH C HeMeiJKHH ynpaBjEeHHe oKpyroM, nosyHa$i judub c Hero npH^HxaicanHeca BoeHHue nOCTaBKH,
bjtgctb npHHa/yrescaJia tojiiiKO
T

MaTepHajiBHO nacejieHHe r_cftno b JTokoxckok oKpyre jtyine, nei-i bo Bcex ocTajiBHHx oghhthx HeimtaMH o6^iacTHX. MecxHoe caivioynpaBjreHHe bc^^gckh nooiupsjio Ha.Tnyio HHKUHaxKBy b pa3BHTKH papjiH^nnx KycTapKHx npoMHCjioB, B OKpyre OTKpraocb h6ckojtbko hxkoju Bhjt flaue cboM flpaiiaTHHecKHM xeaxp.

B cepeflHHe 1 9l}3 ro^a GpHrafla KaMHHCKoro, eHCTBOBaBma# npoTHB napTH3aH, iiacHZTHBajaa 0 10.000 ^ejioBCK. Bo BpeM Jiexnero HacxynjieKHH KpacHori apHHH, Koraa #poHx npHC?JiH3MCH k rpaHHuau JlOKOTCKoro oicpyra, Macxb GpuraAU npHUHMG^ia y^acTHe b (5ohx npoTHB peryjwipHKEX Hacxefi KpacHoB apKHH. Kgmhhuh noKa3aj[H ce6si yuejimm cojiflcxaMH. 6wia xopoiiro Boopy&eHa, xopouro oG&yHcKasaxb npo HeKoxop&ie noJiHuencKKte $opMHpoBaHiwi, HanpHMep, b Moras e Be MHe npmutoch HadJiioflaTB JiiodonHXHyro KapTHny. HanajrbHHK ofijiacrHo^ iiojihuhh iiojikobhhk CaBocTeeB B 3aflHHX pn^ax BHCTponBiaHxcfl nepefl flejraji ci.ioxp uikojio nojumHH. KHM KypcaHTOB HOCKOJIbKO HG.TFOBeK CXOtfJIH .. fiOCHKOM,

Epura^a

Kai.tHKcicoro

AHpOBaHa,

*ixo Hejib3^

Ha^ajiLHHK xyT

see

yHEirafl

pa3HOC lianas tHHKy

hikojih*

HanajibHHK onpGBflHBgji&Bj - Ha ckjtgao kh o^hoJ! nnpH canor, pa3. Bee odemaiox jipncjiaTB.
.

linear HeicqaK HecKOjibKO

^n.jrT.TTpTK.i

IIpErcyTCTByKttisHe neuqa tfioH cuymeHH, He MeHBJHe canoro Hawkojih. B3tf eifreHHHil CaBocTeeB ceji aa jrorjaAb h yexaji.
Kn^iiincrcoi'O' xaicoi'O
c.TryMa.e

DOoc5me ho kotjio (5HT&.

H?

58

85

caMoro KaKHHCKoro npefflCTaBjiHeT HeooMHeHHHH hkC ohhoh Tepec. B Hen HaOjuoflonact HeKoxopan ABoMcxBeHHOCTb. MyssecTBa h xpaecTopoHii. 9T0 Ghji HejioBeK 6ojihw.oro jiHMHoro onapeHpocth, c flpyroK cxopoHH, HCxepHK. MejioeeK HecoMHeHHO oh He BoeHHaiajtbHiiK, hbih, xopoumil opraHHaaTop vi xajraHXJiHBbiM roBopMM, hto oh, onaji, OAHaKO, nyBCTBa nep&i. Efciy, Hanpmiep, hoboK Pocchh, h EpoiiHCjias B.iaflHCjiaBOBKH KaMHHCKHH - Bo;:; fl B He HaHHHajioa 3T0 jibCTjwo ero caiiojnodHio. B ueoTHou xeaxpe - Eecb s^ji cneKTaKJii, noica oh He npHeoaaji. K3Mhhckhh bxoahji tecTHas rabotbbm. Tojilko nocjie 3 Toro noflHHMajica sanaBeo. napofla. asia "Tojioc Hapofla", BHXOflHBiraH noa fleBHaoM "Bee a^h B.B.ItaHHHCKOiiy b aohb Bee nepea Hapo fl ", nocBJixmia ijejiHM Honep ero copoKajieTHH, BecnoH 1 9J-I-3 rofla.
JIhhhocti.

aaeHeHTOB BojibHsBKOTpa na HajiHHue b oxpaAax KaMHHCKoro KaMHHUN He fiOHHHH, B HHX 6*L7ia TBepAaH BOeHHaH flHCmJUHBHa. sammuajiH Hacejienne He TOJtbKO ot nycKajrH rpadeKceH HacoaoHiM, ooHOBHBoaact napmaaH, ho k ot H emeB. flucuHiujHHa b fiparafle - h Meapy cojiAaxaMH k Kenny cMflaiaame h Ha ayxe dpaxcxBa

KH

H 0$HL(epaMH.
CTapiIIHX

GojIAaTH JIIodHJIK CBOHX KOMaHfflHpOB, KaK bok - cxaBno dopbde. /IocTaTOHHO Ha3BaTb xanux KOMaHflnpos, xpadpocxb b yiiaaoe KoaaHflOBamero noHTH aereHflapHHM 3 a cbok HH6 - nCTIKOBHHKa BQJiaH tajik Mafiopa XoMyxoBa.
AaJieKO Hx OHajiH He TOjibKO cojiAaTH, hx 3Ha.no HacejieHze 3a npesejiaiiH loKoicKoro oKpyra.
EejioQMi roAy (5pnrafla KaMHHCKoro 6 wis. nepedponrena b caisoynpaBjieHHc, pyccnK, a Jfenea*. C Sparaaofi ynwH Bee uecime nacTb HncejieHtHi. 3axeit (Sparafla nepenwa b panoH JIhah.

TOBapKmeM

MxodH nonojiHHTb AaJieKO HeAOCTaxorayio xapaKTepHCXHKy Koxopne KaMHHCKoro / nycxb oxo c fl eJiaT xe as" ero copaxHHKOB, KaMHHCKoro c ero 3HGJIH hiho /, h fl o*eH paccKaaaxb o SeceAe dpocM scaooBCKHM reHepaJiOM, -TpefioBarairaM, ^xodH Kohhhckzh BapiuascKoro BoccTaHns. cbok 6pnraAy na noflaraeHae
I-Uihhhckhh,

CKpecrHB pyKH

ii

a rpyflH.

OXBeXHJT ocscoBuy:

uojikk, 'TocnoAHH roHepa;-!, BO-nepBHX, a no npoHcxoKAeHHM HdTpHOX. H M HOH COJiaAaXH eopBXCfl: TOJIbBO-BXOPKX, S pyCCKHB noBCTannH ko npoTHB (ScuibEiepttPMu, aa csodoAy Pocchh. nojibCKHe R He uory ynacxBOBaxt b 6opb CopioxcH aa cb.^-*oiJ- oBoefi foflHHH.
/5 *>

nj'^'J'im ittvx

'*

58

86

BcKope nocjie 3xoro KauHHCKoro y6mm.

IfepeBoa^HK KaiiHHCKoro, o$Hi*ep ero <5pKraAH 1UH& HHe 06 3TOh 6eC6fle, TOBOpM, ^TO OH CHOTpeJI ro c BoexmueHHeM. B hgk He 6hjio h Teni* phcobkh. pncKyex. Oh pHCKOBOJi ceooh tojioboh. He bchkzM b
;

paccKaaaBHQ KaHHHCKOOh 3H0Ji, new to BpeMa cno

coCeH
HTC_ %

6hji

Ha TaKotf oxeex ocacoBuy.

Cepres ]? ji bhasji hockojibko pa3 Ha cneHe OpjioBCKoro roPoackopo reaxpa. Oh jihxo xaHuesaji "pyccKyK b ancauCJie necHH z n^HCKii, neji, KOH&epHpoEaJt. KaK oh noflBaac.i e Opjie, hhkto TOJIKOM HQ 3H8JI. OH TOEOpHJI, HTO pOflOK H3 MOCKEH, 6fcUI B nJlCHy / KafijiyKaMH oh, fleBcTEHTeji&Ho, me.wKa.a, KaK 3anpaBCKH& jieiSxeHaHT / noKa3HBU7[ h KaKHe-xo <5yMarH. Ero jtmOanH b aHcanfijie 3a Bece^ibiM upas, 3a xopoirae necHH o Pocchk.
11

"

c CepreeH BecHoE 1 9^-3 roAa. B neCSojibttroH, 51 no3HaKOMHjrcfi MeM MOPJIH TOBOpHTb xorAa? XOpOIUSM KOMnaHHH. rOBOpaTTH. Cepre paccKasiiBaji o boMho, He&max, o CojizweBviKax. Copb(5e Ham ero Hapo#a npoxHB 6ojnnteBH3Ma, o noKynreHH^x Ha Cxajuraa. Od oahoh H3 Ha3BaHHHX hm oaynaeB noKymeHHJi si 3Kaj[. PacCKa3H Cepren HacxojibKo saHHxepecoBa^H ueza, hto a nonpocmi ero pa3peuieHHii sanncaxb Bee paccKa3aHHOe, cnpocHJT ho 6uji jix OH CBA3QH C ai-ITHCOBeTCKHMH OpraHH3ai*HHKH B POCCHH* ^XO-XO E ero paccKa3ax, oahuko, noKasajrocb MHe cxpaHHHM. Oh *iero-To
. .
.

He AorosapHBCur.

Hep 63 nojrroAa b EodpyMcne, KorAa Ceprefi ne 6uji yxce TanutopoM aHcawdJia necHH h hjihckh, noraa h ero y3Hajr 6jiw:te, a Birecxe c hum: k ero ^pyaeK, mh nocKenjincb, bciiomhhb Hame nepEoe snaKOMCTBo. tee xorA^, aeftcXBHTejibHo, noKa3anocb cTpanxahhivi, mxo, eme coBcer mojloroB nejioBGK, 3Haex xan xopomo HairpHMep, iio^xh Htf^ero khx HHxepecHHX co<5hthrx, o KoxopHx si, ho snaji, eMy see noKasajiHCfc noA03pHxe.abHifl.EH moh nepesnyp hsictoK^hbhs EonpocH h Mepe3^yp, KaK oh roBopazr, BHHMaxejtbHUM B3TJIHA: M6Hfl OH TOTAa CMHTaJI "HeMeitKHM HafiMHTOll".
y-te

TaK cocTOsiJiocb Hoe nepBoe 3HaKOMCXB0

hjighom HaijHOHajrb-

HO-TpyAOBoro
l

Coio3a.

H 3 nam jtKfleii; noxopHe ao cm nop He Beps'T, mto Ceprew bxapHS 3iiTirpnna,H , Ck> jshohb npoascHBurHfl B lip are," HHKOPAa ao boSHe BHAeBiiriria Pocchk. tikt^ kx'^vo icaK e pmmeM ^eiCTse,

56

8?

nepBan saMe^aTejibHaa nepxa uHorHX HjienoB HTC, npnOXJIHHajIHCB ot Hac, bck mefllHHX B POCCHIO: OHH IIOHIH HH^eM He K nan, shsbb kotophx npoinjia Ha PoflHHe. CywejiH ohh, npiiii/eAiirae isJWHbro. oe He nopBaTi sarpammefl cbhsh c PoahhoH, cyi.rejiH khtb
3to
-

BncuiHe noraiHO, ixo i,;h, pyccKHe, aHTHflojibiiieBBBH, Horae enz, BaBmne, ?to Hei,mH iiecyT Pocch ne ocBOiSpweHHe, a UeHipanbHOH BejioHe moiwh yflOBJieTBopHTtca hb "AOKjiap^Hefi"
pyccKOi-s
lib!

cosHa-

PaflH,

hh nporpaiviMCsH KaKHHcicoro.

TOHj HTO HfleH TaKOH caMOCTOHTMbHOH pyCCKOH CHJIH pOflMaCb HHxejLMreHmm, oficyz:MHomx i-iecTax. OdpaaoBHBaJiticb rpynnH oprapioaura, OOBepmeHHO AaBiEHe B03H0SH0CTH cosflaHHH pyccKoH ohtb flaxce HesaBHOHiioH ox HeifueB. TaKHe rpynnsi Jixzeu, Moitei cocxaBJiHBW yse ksHe oTflaBaBnnre cede ox^exa b iok, mto ohh Ha^ koB-to sudpHOH opraHHaaHH, iiohbhjihcb b pflAe ropoflos. pyccKon Cesepe opraHaaoBajicH noflnoabHafl cows HamaoHoabiiOH b HTC. MojiOfleacH, KOToptiH hq^hkom Boureji

cBoeH, pyccKofi hckojik nyxefci h BosiioaHocTeS co3^3hhh HTC HasHBajin no-rou ckhh. npwraenurae k nan K3 sirarpanHH weia HaasaHKH, a b Ta K y K pyccKyio cmty "xpexLeK ciweoh". ReJio He b EO

HeHemtHH itul seunr Bo speics BOfiHH tfcwibaeBHKH aaflpocasH b ofipaooM HOJXOfleatb. B Jiejio napTHoaH h noflnojibfflHKOB, ivmBHSM Bepfiosaaacb HHHrpane ft** no fl n<*ibHofi paOoiH b leaeiiKOH iswy ocenb 1 9M ro A a h b 1*2 ro fl y <5hOTyfleHHecKaa KOjroffleab. 3a otp^aob, ooctohiuhx npejio nepeCpoineno HecKOjibKO napaniHTHHX H-MymeCTBeHKO H3 .CTyfleHTOB.
a<SjiflajiHOb HanOojiee Cpean jieHHHrpaacKoro cTyaeHiecTBa H aHTHOoseTCKHe HacxpoeHHH. H KaK pas cwibHHB, iipKO BHpasceHHne hxooh xacTYfleHTH-aHTHficvrbnreBHKa nonMB b napairaoTHHe oxP hah, z3 tikk ox P *aob, nepers khm nyioK nepoMxH k nemau. Oahh Her^acHHF OKOM hKB, HeOKOJTbKHX KOIMyHHCTOB, KOXOpHe BBJUZKKCb tom ::ce cocxase oxp Hfl B nepeiiieji o pai-ione ncKOBa k Hewna*.
,

npeBpaTHBiKHCb B AOdpoBOjib^ecKyio 6vui noTOM.napTH3aH.

ayHiKdojibiir-JBHCxcKyio iacTb.

opounopa H. A. B T0pbeBe / flepnxe / b oipas nonajia HaiJHOHajEbHO"OCHOBH HaHOHa.IbHOrO MBpOBOSSpeHHa", H3AaHHan com HOEoro noTpynoBHM Coiooom / xor Sa Hai[HOHBJibBO-TpyflOBOH KOHcneKT-npoKoaeHHi'/. Ha ocHOBai-nm sxoM dpomiopH cocxaBimi-i c noflnoabHiD-rpQimy Hosoro ctpoa. Uocjia.m roHna rjih CEnan boiuo^ b LTC. nenxpoM HTC. Cehbb ycTaHOBitaH - h Becb oxpHfl MaccOE&ie apecxn mje6hob HTC, no3>-ce, KorAa HeMijH upoa3BOfliEH To;jce nonajio b KOHHJiarepB. r>.s-iui.on.-i..wuie ^i-p-'W-

HjibHHa

K:

58

88

PGlftfleHZIO
*jh,

B OTpH^e H^GH $OpiffZpOBaHHfl COMOCT05jTej[BHOH

CZJIST

pOCCH&CKOli QHIH60J[BIireBZCTCKOiS

CnOCOdCTEOBaJIH Ase BCTpe-

riepeaa Ecxpena c ohbiitzm KouaH^npoM KpacHoS apMzz, caaEiuhmcji b 1 9lj.1 ro#y b iuioh, nonaBiuHM b HeHeitfCHM JiarepB soeHHohjtohhhx h GescasHiH^ H3 jrarepn. KoManflzp otot noxoM Bcxynzji b

oxpn. Ero paccKa3H xiOKaocjm nopjimmoe jihho HeKqeB, BparoB Pocchh. Bxopasr Bcxpe^ia, co6cxEeHHO flaxce He c h6jiob6kom, a c ^ejiOBeHSCKHM ^OKyMeiiTOM, - yfieAHjia mojioahx aiiXH<5o.KBiireBHKOB J hto z na xoz cTopoHe cparcaioxc^ He xojibko npHBopxcemiH CojiBureBH3iia, hto z Ha toh cxopoHe, as. e b p&ax napTH3aH HeMajio xaKHX, KaK OHH CflMH, EparOB CTOJlKHa,
B oflHoS H3 onepanzM npoiHB napxz3aH oxpsiA 0KpyCHJE h pa3rpoMHji 6ojihviyio napxz3aHCKyio mqctb h aaxEaxzji n^reHKHx. IlapTH3aHH ne ycnejiz yiiecxz, hxo ohh BcerAa AejiajtH, cbohx yoHxtix.

Cpe^H ydHTHx Hamvnz xejio KonaHAHpa pa3rpOMeHHOK" napxzsancKOM nacTH BacKjiztf Kochx, TO^e fiHBiirero cxyASHxa, B ero BoeHHo-no.aeBoE cyMKe Bi.iecxe c KapxaMz z BoeHHHHH flOKyMeHTaHH 0t3HapyjicHJTH AHeBHHKH, H3 KOTOpHX yaHOJEZ, HXO KOCHX 6UJ1 ytfexCfleEHM aH" TzcSojEBUieBZKOM. He 3a CTajixina cpascajicfl KOiiaHAzp napxH3aHCK0Po OTp^fla RochXj a 6a Pocczio, npoxzB Hermes. 3a Pocchk cpaMcajizcB h xe, kto pa36zji ero oxpnA, 3a Pocchk, ho He 3a HeMqeB.

K 1 92-I-3 vojxy Hjieuu HTC, npziueAurze b Pocchio, KaK roBopzjiH topa^* no "sejieHOn flopo^Ke x.e. HOJierajiBHO, ^acxo pzcKya HeneijKHM KOHqjiarepeM z ecz3Hbio - co3Aajrz: MKoroHzcjieHHHe rpynira coio3a b #ec&XKax ropo^oB, ot PaT^HHH ao Oacccje.
11
',

QpraHK3aqz5i nayofizjiacb b rjiydOKOM noAnojrbe h He

jjoruia

BecTz ampoKOH patfoxn cpeAH i-iace.aeHH. ycjiosiwi KOHcnzpaqzH TpeSoBajiH c5ojebiiioM ocxopomiocxz b noAXOAe k juoauMj ^racxo xpaTMHCB HeCHUH, npe^AO HGH HODOrO MejIOBCKa EBOAHJIH B oppaHH3ai^zio. Ho, xen ho MeHee, opraHMDaijHH pocjia nanpep^Biro. Oco0"GHHO HHXCHCHBEO COK)3HNe rpyiUlH HaiajTH AG^CTBOBaXb KO BTOpoS nOviOBHiie 1 Qij.3 roAa, bo BpeMn h6M0iikopo oTCTynjieHHJT.
#poHT OTKaraBajicjT Bee zajihwe Ha 3anaA. KlaHCH na noCeAy HGMueB Bee naAa^z, jaeroiv: j^e 19^4- ro^a, kopa^ pyxnyji Beet EejEopyccKHz c^poiiT h KpacHan apKz^i b xeMOHne HecKCJiBKzx AHei OMi-icxHJia bck Bcji op ycczio A^ice cauue yBepenHtje onxzMzcxH noxep^JiH Eepy b c^L^y HeMeirKoro opy;::HH. OcxaBajiacb osna HafleacAa - OcEotfOA^xejibHoe jQ,Bz^eHze. Ho o Hen HH^ero ho 6wio cjiihiiho.
:

B 3X0 Bpei.iHj c Ha^ajia 19ij-3 &o Bxopoli ncwioazHH 1 9ij4 r, nepeA coio3Hhhh rpynnaKH / s nmuy Ha ochobshzh cbozx jizhhhx nocnoMHHaTTiirj / oTosuia ocKOBHas aafla^ra: co3Aanze noAnojrBH HTC

W 58

89

OoTaBJIHJIH B nO^ape *B B 3QHKTHX KpaCHOfi fipKHefi OgjiaCXHX. niannporpacbH, nmiyinne irauraHBsu OctA eM, ckjiqbs JiHTepaTypa, J.6CTHH6 yc. Smbcb ivlgbhsw odpasoM HOBHe HJteHH ETC, sHaBirae

BHS

khx

ysasocB aaxsaxHTB eSe b flByx-xpW ne^KHX ropo fl ax hh

" GOHflepi-ixad

offlHospeueHHO b necKMb JlexoM 19k3 rofla HenuH nponsBejiH BpHHCKe, Kam^a,. h ropoflax apecxn eHOB HTC. To^bKO b

Iohhhx hokbSkhx

IpecTOBHBa^

ob" , pacKBapTBpoBaHHHH B roueae. nep.me^me aa paOHBiuae coBexcKae napaunoTHCTH,

<5oxy b HeiieiiKyw K0iiTppa3B0flKy.

KHoronacoBHM a<"p*" :: B rowejie apecTOBaHHtie noAseprajiHCB CyA* no xapanxepy flonpocoB, can, pemaJicH oh, no Been sepo^THOc iihe Bcex we <5nji pones, npaneK e fl oBaTeae H S hh H3 x* He toSko TrocTano, ho h b HKBfl. (JjiaronapK hcIIotok, Kor fl a 6o*HCTBy, reHKe! SaaroS'

LSe.

*^%;J;_

yflMOCJ BHpBaXBC, SSJSt^hS cLoT^BHM OtfO^TWbOTBaU, canoe aKXHBHoe yi-eTHt. ito o ion,
noHTBepnHjiHCB npeflnaaoBeHHH
b

J B JIHKBHflaUHH HBMenKOS IDaSBOflKK H KOHTPpaSBeflKH H reOTanO. aBXHHoaemcofi cmh Ciub: JSoSSSSJhSS aHT H6 o^nroB H cxcKoS * saHHiepecoBaHB KaK HeMUH, xan h dojiMreBHKH.

mx

apec^x

h^hhLL fl^BKCTOKHe

areHTH

padox

BHpocmefi, 3xa cmta ycxoana. Bmiuta H3 oopbfiH

OKpemiiefi.

Ha 3anaa.

Ha 3ana yuiaJicR xyiiaH, ^ ypoMHHM cboK nyxb coBepmaji KapaBaH ...

"Korfla
:xe

zieKjiaKupyex,

c Hflfl
'

na HaaeHbicoH ^eiioflaKHHKe, cMiriS CaxajiBOH-

Lx

h hS P aKxuSLbineBHK, npeKpacHHi* opaxop, BHcxynaBmnfi npOXHB CO^BUie; peiaHH COepOHHflX C ropHMHUH O6VlB<rnT0 J II.H H KII BHKOB, HOS XOpOWHil UpHSITeJlh

B pacicpHnoeaa Hnex Ha aanaa. BaroH itepao noieaiiiBaeTCH. TOBapnoM noe 3fl e / Bexep bohocht xyK nacxeL Se P B / efle,i im b npou^bHyio^ecxb Poabhh. 3anax cochop'U .Wca - nocsefliaw rpamma. npoman, Pocchk. Ouopo MmicK, a 3 a hhm cxapaa

H?

58

90

Barono hqjiobsk ABaAuaTB, Bee pyccKHe, y Bcex ^itoC&i noe3# iueji KaK moseho cHopee, mtoCh He ocTaHaB/rHBajrcfi, ^to6h ho cjiy^juioch nero-HHdyAB e opore. IIo3aAH KaTHTcn Baji <JpoHTa IIo naxaM oa nepe^OBHJvfn ^acTni-H, cpaxcaiornmiHCiT c Heiaqama, HAyx xe, kto Boioex tojibko npoTHB csoero HapOAa.
B
iiaiireu

o#ho

izQjiaittiGt

noe3Aj

3aMOflj[fi53

xoa, n^ex mhmo kokoH-to M&aentKoK

cxaii--

^to TaKOC 6a3ap, ^xo

jth?

HsyM^^reTCJi KOMHCcap,

nepecTaB A^KjiaHHpoEaTB, BHcoEHBaeTCA

H3 BaroHa.
Mti Bee hoaxoahm k fiBepH. Bcsi npHBOK3ajiBHarr njroiua^L 3atfuxa noflBOflaMH, Harpy:::eHHH?.:H AOMaiHHHM cKaptfOM. Ha noAEOAax JK9H1HHHH, A^TE, AOdpOBOJIBI^H H3 OTpHflQB, npOCTI* KpCCTBnHe. too MyxcHHHH BOopy;xeHH. Ha Ofli-ioii noflBOfle bhahli nyjieKOT. IIpHMo speMQHa rpa^KAaiicKoM boShh.' HajieBo no mocce, HacKOjrbKO XBaxaeT vjia3, iioaeoah, iioaboah 5 iioaboah, HanpaBo, 3a cxaHX^Hon, AepeBHHHHit moot *iepe3 He iritrpOKyio peKy. Tan h o<5pa30Bajic^ 3a-

me

TOp

3Kejie3HOAopoEainM moot, no Koxopony Me^eHKo npoxoAHT kqiit noe3Aj tojibko ^ito BoccTanoBjreH nocjre Toro, kqk ero B3opsajiH napTH3aHH. Ho box hoot no3a#H. Hani noe3A cHOBa HacSapaeT ckopOCTbc
fi

IIptfMO

BCSI POCCHJI
19/^1

yXOA^T,
*

rOAy. OTCTynrura apima. Ho cefinao KpecTBOTHH yxoAHT*

-

He bhaoji b

TOBOpHT KOKHCCap. - Tanoro EeEcajiH KOMHyHHcra.

tooma

h ocTaioTCfi,

sanenaeT kto-to H3

iiac.

OcTaioTC^,

Koiienno,- noAXBaTHBaex Koiunccap.

. .

TpyAHO

PGA* -pOAHHy UOKIWiTB.

IToe3A hast Bee Aajibure,

"0,

Ha sanaA.
y;rce

pyccKan

3omjeh,

tu

3a xojtmok".

TITLES PUBLISHED IN THE MIMEOGRAPHED- SERIES IN 1952 and 1953

(Numbers 11, 14, 17, 19, 21, 29,

No. * No.
1: 2:

-32,

41 and

4-8

in English- others in Russian)

"Army Requisitions in Soviet Russia," 12 pp., ^0,25 "Soviet Requisitions in Occupied Germany," 17 pp., &0.25. out
of.

jgrint

/ No,
No. No.
* No,

3s
.:

5:

6:

No, 7: No, 8: No, 9: No, 10:

* No,

11: 12:

No,

No, 13: No. 14: No, 15: No. 16: No. 17: No. 18:

No. 19:

No. 20: No,

No. 21: 22: 23:
24:

No.
No.

"Administration of Azerbaijani Industry," by Andrer,' Naidenov, 19 PP., $0,25 "Kamchatka: Survey and Recollections," 93" PP M $l*0fl "Conditions of Research in Soviet Biology," 123 pp., *1.00, out of print "Soviet Economic Administration in Postuar Germany," 37 pp., $0.50, out of print "The "Moscow Literary Museum and Archives," 21 pp., $0,25 "Political Work in the Soviet Army," 74 pp., *0,75 "Electrification Plans and the Deficiency of- Electric Porrer for Industry in the Soviet Union," 48 pp., &0.50 "Party and Administration in the Leningrad Agricultural Institute," 33 pp., ^0.30 "Soviet Operation of Uranium Mines in Eastern Germany," 14. pp,, &0.25, out of. print "Lenin School for Training of Political Officers of the Soviet Army/' 15 PP., *025 "The Shelter-Belt Project: Postnar Forestation in the U.S.S,R.," 47 pp., $0.50 "Soviet Military Intelligence: Two Sketches," 24 pp., ft 0,35 "Notes of a Political Prisoner," 52 pp., ftC.50 "The Operation of a State Farm," 28 pp., to. 30 "Soviet Security Agencies in Postwar Poland," 12 pp., $0,25 "Soviet Generals: Personalities, Attitudes arid Conflicts," 46 pp.,. #0,50 "The Cost r\f Construction of Metallurgical Plants in the U.S.S.R.," by Sergei Koptev/ski, 76 pp. vith tables, $1,20 "Construction Materials of the Northern Caucasus," 73 pp., Si. 00 "Herbs Used in Ukrainian Folk Medicine," by Natalia Ossadcha-Janata, 114 PP., *1.25 "An NKVD Sovkhoz in the Altai Region," by S, Belosor, 28 pp., ^0.35 "Prospects for Oil Output in the U.S.S.R. by 196C," 22 pp.,
.

$0.30
"Some Aspects of Soviet Price Policy," by Peter Uranov, 80 pp., *1.00 No, 25: "Soviet Forestation: Agricultural and Social Significance," by Vladimir Lindemann, 57 pp., &0.70 by Jakow Budanov?, No. 26: "Technical Institutes in the U.S.S^R., 3^ PP., 0.40 No. 27: "Soviet Political Personalities: Seven Profiles," 23 pp.,
1
'

40,35
No. 28:. "Some Aspects cf Kalmyk History and Society," 3C pp., $0,40 No. 29: "The Soviet Urban Housing Problem," 16 pp., ^0,25, out of print

No, 30:
No, 31: No, 32:
No, 33: No. 34:

No. 35i No. 36:

* No. 37:

No. 33:
* No, 39:

No. 40:

No. 41:

No, 42:
No. 43:

No. 44*

No. 45:
No. 46:
No, 47: No, 43: No. 49

"Political Indoctrination in the Soviet Postwar tony," 29 pp., ^0. 35 "The Soviet Movie' Industry: Two Studies," by Paul Babitsky and Martin Lutich," S3 pp., ftC.95 "The Law of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania; Background and Bibliography," by Leo Okinshevich, 53 pp., ^0,7^ "Kolkhoz Mechanization/' by S. Belosor, 81 pp., &0.90 "Byelorussian Communism and Nationalism; Personal* Recollections," ty s * Tushinsky, 81 pp., #0,90 "Soviet Population Trends, 1926-1939," by Basilius Martschenko, 41 PP ? ^0.50 "Party and Political Organs in the Soviet Array," by I. Dmitriev, 59 pp., $0;65 "Soviet Dismantling of Equipment in Postwar Germany, by Vladimir Alexandrov, 28 pp M $0,35 "The Science of Fertilisation in Ukrainian Agriculture," by Gregory Makhiv, 97 pp., $1.05 "The Administration of the Coal Industry in SovietOccupied Germany," by Mikhail Mab, 19 pp,, $0.25 "Pereval: The Withering of Literary Spontaneity in the U.S.S.R,," by Gleb Glinka, 110 pp., *1.20 "The Introduction of New Plants in Soviet Agriculture: Supervision and Control," by Nestor Korol, 16 pp., ^0.30 "Higher Technical Training in the U.S.S.R,," by Nicolay Ivanov, 38 pp., $0.50 "The 1952 Plan for the Draining of the p ripet Marshes," by G. Kazakov, 27 pp., ^0.40 "Religious Communes in the U.S.S.R,," by K. Petrus, 73 PP*, $0.^5 "The Pushkin Edition of the U.S.S.R, Academy of Sciences," by L.L. Domherr, 110 pp. plus photostats, &1.50 " The Concise Philosophical Dictionary : A Critical Review," by Alexander Philipov, 53 pp., $0,70 "Urban Construction in the Soviet Union," 33 pp,, ^0.45 "Lespromkhoz as an Administrative and Production Unit," by P. Nikitin, 82 pp., 4*0.95 "Cultural Life in the Tatar Autonomous Republic," by T, Dawletschin, 45 PP., ^0,55
'

11

/ Available in English in Materials on the Soviet Petroleum Industry

Research Studies Institute, Air University, Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama, July 1953.
* Those papers have

been published by the Research Program in English in its STUDIES ON THE U.S.S.R. No. 3, Soviet con,Qmic ?pjjfty_ l Postwar Germany j 184 pages; i2'25* Nos. 37 and 39 are still iwallablo in Russian in mimeographed form.
r

Authors' names are listed above only when they appear on the Note. printed manuscripts.