1

1-1 2 1 kHz
:
:
:

.V P . P
:1

= V rms :

= VP .P
= V rms
=

) (

:2 ) (.

-1-2
.

 -1-3 .

2Vdc
VAmp = 1

f = 1KHz

-1-4 .

0.1 f

1K
VAmp = 5
f = 1KHz

 :
( !

( .

(1 .

 (2

1M

Rin

+
v

VAmp = 5
f = 1KHz

Oscilloscope

Rin
Rin + 1M

V1 = V2

-1-5 .
.

-1-6 9 .

= RL
= VONL

RL

: .

= VOFL

-2-1
) .( 2k

:1

:2 .

-2-2
VD ID
) () . R (.

750

700

650

600

550

500

400

300

200

100

)VD (mv
)I D (mA

 .
R = 1K
+

0 15

:1 ) ( Cut in Voltage

:2 V Si Ge

:3

1) .

qVD
KT

I D = I o (e

-2-3 2-2 . .
1/7

1/6

1/5

1/4

1/2

0/8

0/6

0/4

0/2

)VD (v

)I D (mA
.
:1
:2 .

 -2-4 !
VD ) (.

R = 1M
0 350

110

100

95

90

85

60

40

20

10

)VD (v

)I D ( A
.
:1
:2 .

-2-5 2-4 .
R !

-2-6
-2-6-1 Si .
R .
50 .
.

R = 1K

Vac

x-y
.

-2-6-3 2-6-1 . V
Vz !

 3


-3-1 Half Wave Rectifier
-3-1-1 A B .

RL = 1K

A D1
12Vrms

220V
50 Hz

 DC

-3-1-2 .

 - ) (P.I.V :

volt

= PIV

-3-1-3 .

 -3-1-4 .

RL = 1K

D2

A D1
12Vrms

220V
50 Hz

- A B 3-1-2 .

 :1

:2

 -3-2 Full Wave Rectifier

-3-2-1 .
A B C .

Vo

RL = 1K

A D1
12Vrms
12Vrms
C D2

220V
50 Hz

 -3-2-2 D1 3-1-2 .

-3-2-3 ) (3-1-1 . .

-3-3 :
D1 .
P.I.V .

220V
50 Hz

D1

D2

D4

D3

12Vrms

Vo

RL = 1K

 4


-4-1 :

A D1

RL = 470

220 f

12Vrms

220V
50 Hz

. DC
.

= Vdc
= Vr
= Vac,rms

- .

= RF%

- . ) (470
.
= R%

- .

-
) (P.I.V .

-4-2 ) ( 10 .
- .

-4-3 220 uF 470 uF .

1-4 .

-4-4 3-4
1-4 . .
-4-5 .

47

RL = 470

100 f

100 f

A D1

12Vrms

220V
50 Hz

 - 1-4 .

= Vdc
= Vr
= Vac,rms

:
= RF%

:
= Vdc,NL
= R% = (Vdc,NL Vdc,FL) / Vdc,FL

- ) DC (...

 -4-6 .

D2

D1

Vo

RL = 470

12Vrms
220 f

D3

D4

220V
50 Hz

4-1 .

4-1 .
= Vdc
= Vr
= Vac,rms

:
= RF% = (Vac,rms / Vdc ) * 100

:
= Vdc,NL
= R% = (Vdc,NL Vdc,FL) / Vdc,FL

 -4-7 :

Vo1

RL = 470

470 f

RL = 470

470 f

Vo 2

12Vrms
12Vrms

220V
50 Hz

V1 V2 .= V1dc
= V1r
= V1ac,rms
= V2dc
= V2r
= V2ac,rms
RF% = (Vac,rms / Vdc ) * 100
= RF1%
= RF2%

- .

 5

-5-1 .

+
Vo

Vi R = 3K 9
12Vrms ZZ21

220V
50 Hz

: 1

: 2 R

-5-2 ) (Vo ) (Vi

x-y . .

.

 : 3

-5-3 .
.

 -5-4 .
- .

100 f

D1 Vo

12Vrms

220V
50 Hz

- .

 -5-5 :
-5-5-1 .

D1

Vo

12
Vrms

C1
100 f

C2
100 f

D2

220V
50 Hz

 - 3.9k .

-5-5-2 5-5-1 .

D2
Vo

C2
100 f

D1

C1
100 f

12Vrms

220V
50 Hz

 - ) P.I.V ( ...

-5-5-3 .
C1+C3 , C3 , C2 , C1 .Vo
C3
100 f

C1
100 f

12Vrms

220V
50 Hz

C2
100 f

=
=
=
= + Vc3

Vc1
Vc2
Vc3
Vc1

 . 3.9K
= Fr

 6

-6-1 .

-6-2 )
!(.

+
10V

10

1K
100K
R

0.8

0.5

0.3

0.4

VCE

IC

IB

:1 VCE I C

:2 R ) .
100 (.

100K

-6-3

I CB 0

5V

100K

Si

Ge

Open

-6-4-1 I C

5V

Open

VCE .
5V
R = 1K

Ge

I C :1

:2

-6-4-2 I C

VCE ) .( I C = I CEO

 :1 .

-6-5 6-4 !

-7-1 .
-7-2
.
Vsweep = 10 v 1 v/cm SIGNAL 0.1 v/cm

-7-3
.
- V Rf Vz .

 -7-4
.
1- Vsweep = 10 v , Istep = 10 uA
2- Vsweep = 20 v , Istep = 10 uA
) (.
)( hfe hoe .

 -7-5 25 uA Si 10 v
.
- VCEQ = 5 v

100K

IB

0 15V

 8

- 8-1 .
+Vcc

Rc = 1K

R1
4.7K
R3

R2

10K

) VBE (V

) I C ( mA

)I B ( A

) VCE (V

10

0/2

) R3 (

-8-2 7
.

 :1

: 2 .

-8-3 R2 R3 VCE=5v) (.

 -8-4 R ). ( VCEQ=5v
+Vcc

R
100K

2K 2

Vo

100K

Rs = 100 K C1
10 f

10K

Vs

.
DC .
) ( . .
R .

-8-5 R ) (VCE = 0.2v

) ?= ( VCE .
.

 -8-6 R
8-4 . RC = 2.2 K 3.9 K 1 K
VCE

-8-7
) ( RE = 1K
.

: RS

-8-8 8-4 VCC 12 .

VCE

 9
-9-1 .

-9-2 VBE =0.7 =200 R1 R2

.
+Vcc

1K
Vo
RL

R1

22 f

Vi

2K 2
R2

100 f

Rs = 10 K
10 f

Vs
f = 5 KHz

100

-9-3 .

-9-4 R2 .
.

 -9-5
.
= Vop,p.max

-9-6 Vi Vs Vo .

 -9-7 .

-9-8 Ro .
R'o - .

-9-9 fL .