Review of Last Class

Introduction HVDC Advantages Disadvantages: cost, harmonics, reactive power, point to point access, overload

Types of HVDC links

Monopolar Bipolar Homopolar

Components of HVDC System

Types of HVDC links

Monopolar link

Only one energized conductor normally of negative polarity Ground or sea water used as return path

Types of HVDC links

Bipolar link

Two conductors with polarities (+ve and -ve) represented as Neutral points (junction between convertors) are grounded If there is fault on one conductor other conductor can be used with half of the rating

Structure of HVDC System

Homopolar link

Two or more conductor with same polarity (generally -ve) Operates ground as return If there is fault on one conductor other conductor can be used with half of the rating

Components in HVDC Transmission

Convertors Convertor transformer Smoothing reactor AC (Harmonic) filter Overhead lines Reactive power source

Earth electrode
DC Filters Circuit Breakers

Basics of Convertor

Thyristor

Terms used in Convertor analysis

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Convertor Operation
5&6| 6&1 | 1&2 | 2&3 | 3&4 | 4&5 | 5&6 | 6&1 |

Current and Voltage in Convertors

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Effect of Firing Angle on Voltage Output

=0 150 90 30

HVDC Links Connecting Different Regions

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