‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻤل ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﺩ ‪ :‬ﻫﻭ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺩﻭﺍل ﻤﺘﻭﺍﺯﻴﺔ ﻷﻥ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﻘﺔ ﻓﺴﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻤﻤﺎﺴﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺴﻭﻤﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺱ = ﺃ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻴل ﻓﺘﺘﻭﺍﺯﻯ‪.‬‬

‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪٢‬ﺱ ﺀ ﺱ = ﺱ ‪+‬ﺠـ‬ ‫‪ê‬‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺜﻼﹰ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺭﻤﺯ ‪ ê‬ﻫﻭ ﺭﻤﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻤل ﻭﻫﻭ ﻻ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻱ ﺸﻲﺀ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ‬

‫ﺭﻤﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻀل ﺀ ﺱ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻫﻭ ﺱ ﻭﻤﺎ ﻋﺩﺍﻩ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﺟـ ﻓﻴﺴﻤﻰ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ )ﻤﺴﺒﺏ ﺘﻭﺍﺯﻱ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍل (‬
‫ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺎﺘﻪ ‪-:‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺠـ ‪ ،‬ﻙ ' ﺡ‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫ﺃ ( ‪ ê‬ﺠـ ﺀ ﺱ = ﺠـ ﺱ ‪ +‬ﻙ‬
‫ﺃﻤﺜﻠــﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪ ê (٤‬ﻫـ ﺀ ﻥ = ﻫـ ﻥ‪ +‬ﻙ‬ ‫‪ ٢ ê (١‬ﺀ ﺱ = ‪٢‬ﺱ ‪ +‬ﻙ‬
‫‪ ê (٥‬ﺀ ﻕ = ﻕ ‪ +‬ﻙ‬ ‫‪ ٥ ê (٢‬ﺀ ﺹ = ‪ ٥‬ﺹ ‪ +‬ﻙ‬
‫‪ê‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫‪-‬ﺀ ﻉ = ‪ -‬ﻉ ‪ +‬ﻙ‬ ‫‪(٦‬‬ ‫‪ ٢‬ﻡ‪+‬ﻙ‬ ‫‪ ٢‬ﺀﻡ=‬ ‫‪(٣‬‬
‫ﻥ‪١+‬‬
‫ﺱ‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫ﺒﺸﺭﻁ ﻥ ‪١- ¹‬‬ ‫‪ +‬ﺠـ‬ ‫ﺱﻥ ﺀ ﺱ =‬ ‫ﺏ(‬
‫ﻥ‪١+‬‬

‫‪٧‬‬
‫ﺱ‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫‪ +‬ﺠـ‬ ‫ﺱ ﺀﺱ=‬ ‫ﻤﺜﻼﹰ ‪(١ :‬‬
‫‪٧‬‬
‫‪٣-‬‬
‫‪١‬‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫‪٤-‬‬ ‫ﺀﺱ‬
‫‪ +‬ﺠـ‬ ‫‪ +‬ﺠـ = ‪-‬‬ ‫ﺀﺱ=‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫‪ê‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪ê‬‬ ‫‪(٢‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٣-‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬
‫‪٣‬ﺱ‬ ‫ﺱ‬
‫‪ê‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫ﺩ )ﺱ( ‪ .‬ﺀ ﺱ‬ ‫ﺃ ﺩ )ﺱ( ﺀ ﺱ = ﺃ‬ ‫ﺠـ (‬
‫‪٦‬‬
‫‪٦‬‬‫‪٤‬‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫‪٥‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫ﺱ ‪ +‬ﺠـ‬ ‫‪ +‬ﺠـ =‬ ‫ﺱ ﺀﺱ=‪×٨‬‬ ‫‪٨‬ﺱ ﺀﺱ=‪٨‬‬ ‫ﻤﺜﻼﹰ ‪:‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬
‫‪ê‬‬
‫ﺩ‪)١‬ﺱ(‪.‬ﺀ ﺱ‪ ê +‬ﺩ‪)٢‬ﺱ( ﺀ ﺱ‪ ê +‬ﺩ‪)٣‬ﺱ( ﺀ ﺱ‪… +‬‬ ‫ﺀ( ‪ ] ê‬ﺩ‪)١‬ﺱ(‪ +‬ﺩ‪)٢‬ﺱ(‪ +‬ﺩ‪)٣‬ﺱ(‪ [ … +‬ﺀ ﺱ=‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬
‫‪٤‬ﺱ‬ ‫‪٩‬ﺱ‬ ‫‪٨‬ﺱ‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٥ +‬ﺱ ‪ +‬ﺠـ‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫) ‪٨‬ﺱ ‪٩+‬ﺱ ‪٤ +‬ﺱ‪ (٥+‬ﺀ ﺱ =‬ ‫‪ê‬‬ ‫ﻤﺜﻼﹰ‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬
‫= ‪٢‬ﺱ ‪٣ +‬ﺱ ‪٢ +‬ﺱ ‪٥ +‬ﺱ ‪ +‬ﺠـ‬
‫ﻥ‪١+‬‬
‫]ﺩ)ﺱ([‬
‫‪ +‬ﺠـ ‪ ،‬ﺒﺸﺭﻁ ﻥ‪١- ¹‬‬ ‫ﻥ‪١+‬‬ ‫] ﺩ)ﺱ( [ﻥ× ﺩ )ﺱ( ‪ .‬ﺀ ﺱ =‬ ‫‪ê‬‬ ‫ﻫـ(‬

‫)ﻟﺘﻜﺎﻤل ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﺃﺴﻲ ﻴﺠـﺏ ﺘـﻭﻓﻴﺭ‬ ‫)ﺱ ‪ (٣+‬ﺀ ﺱ‬

‫‪٩‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬
‫‪٥‬ﺱ‬ ‫‪ê‬‬ ‫ﻤﺜﻼﹰ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻤﺸﺘﻘﺔ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺱ ﺍﻷﺴﻲ(‬ ‫‪١٠‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬
‫)ﺱ ‪(٣+‬‬
‫‪ +‬ﺠـ‬ ‫=‬
‫‪١٠‬‬
‫)‪(٢١١‬‬

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 ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺜـﻠﺔ ‪ -:‬ﺠـﺩ ‪:‬‬
‫‪٩‬ﺱ‬ ‫‪٨‬ﺱ‬ ‫‪٥‬ﺱ‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٧-‬ﺱ‪+‬ﺠـ‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪) ê (١‬ﺱ ‪٥ +‬ﺱ – ‪٨‬ﺱ ‪٩+‬ﺱ‪ (٧-‬ﺀ ﺱ =‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬
‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫ﺱ ‪ +‬ﺠـ‬ ‫)ﺏ ‪-‬ﺱ ( ﺀ ﺱ = ﺏ ﺱ ‪-‬‬ ‫‪(٢‬‬
‫‪٤‬‬
‫ﺏ‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫ﺱ ‪ +‬ﺠـ ﺱ ‪ +‬ﻙ‬ ‫ﺱ ‪+‬‬ ‫) ﺃ ﺱ ‪ +‬ﺏ ﺱ ‪ +‬ﺠـ( ﺀ ﺱ =‬ ‫‪(٣‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٤-‬‬
‫‪١‬‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫ﺀﺹ‬
‫‪ + ٤‬ﺠـ‬ ‫‪ +‬ﺠـ = ‪-‬‬ ‫‪ ê = ٥‬ﺹ‪ -‬ﺀ ﺹ =‬ ‫‪ê‬‬ ‫‪(٤‬‬
‫‪٤‬ﺹ‬ ‫‪٤-‬‬ ‫ﺹ‬
‫‪٧‬‬
‫‪٥‬‬
‫‪٧‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫ﺱ‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪ê‬‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫ﺱ ‪ +‬ﺠـ‬ ‫‪٧‬‬
‫‪ +‬ﺠـ =‬ ‫‪٧‬‬
‫ﺀﺱ=‬ ‫ﺱ‪٢‬‬ ‫ﺀﺱ=‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫‪(٥‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪١‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫ﺱ = ﺱ × ﺱ‪٢‬‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫‪١‬‬
‫ﺱ ) ﺱ ‪ (٥ -‬ﺀ ﺱ‬ ‫‪(٦‬‬
‫‪٥‬‬ ‫‪+٢‬‬
‫ﺱ‪٢‬‬ ‫=ﺱ ‪= ٢‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫ﺱ )ﺱ‪ ٥-‬ﺱ ×‪ (٢٥+٢‬ﺀ ﺱ‬ ‫=‬
‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫(ﺀﺱ‬ ‫‪١٠ -‬ﺱ ‪٢٥ +‬ﺱ‬ ‫)ﺱ‬ ‫=‬
‫‪٥‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪٥٠‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢٥‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫ﺱ‬
‫ﺠـ‬ ‫‪+٢‬‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫ﺱ ‪٥-‬ﺱ ‪+‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫ﺱ ‪ +‬ﺠـ =‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٥ -‬ﺱ ‪+‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪٤‬‬
‫ﺱ ‪-‬ﺱ‬
‫‪ê‬‬
‫ﺀﺱ‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪(٧‬‬
‫ﺱ ‪+‬ﺱ‪١+‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫ﺱ)ﺱ ‪+‬ﺱ‪) (١+‬ﺱ‪(١-‬‬ ‫ﺱ)ﺱ ‪(١-‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺤل ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫‪ê‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫ﺀﺱ‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫ﺀﺱ=‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫=‬
‫ﺱ ‪+‬ﺱ‪١+‬‬ ‫ﺱ ‪+‬ﺱ‪١+‬‬

‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫‪ +‬ﺠـ‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫)ﺱ ‪-‬ﺱ( ﺀ ﺱ =‬ ‫=‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫ﺱ ‪٦-‬ﺱ ‪٩+‬ﺱ‬ ‫)ﺱ ‪٣-‬ﺱ(‬
‫‪ê‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫)ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺤﺩﺍﹰ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺍﹰ ﻨﺠﺯﺉ ‪ :‬ﻜل ﺤﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻡ(‬ ‫ﺀﺱ‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫ﺀﺱ=‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪(٨‬‬
‫‪٣‬ﺱ‬ ‫‪٣‬ﺱ‬
‫‪٢-‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬
‫‪٤-‬‬ ‫‪٣-‬‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫‪٩‬ﺱ‬ ‫‪٦‬ﺱ‬ ‫ﺱ‬
‫[ﺀﺱ‬ ‫‪٢ -‬ﺱ ‪٣+‬ﺱ‬ ‫]‬ ‫‪ê‬‬ ‫[ﺀﺱ=‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫=‪] ê‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٣‬ﺱ‬ ‫‪٣‬ﺱ‬ ‫‪٣‬ﺱ‬
‫‪٣-‬‬ ‫‪٢-‬‬ ‫‪١-‬‬
‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪٣‬ﺱ‬ ‫‪٢‬ﺱ‬ ‫ﺱ‬
‫‪ +‬ﺠـ‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪ +‬ﺠـ = ‪-‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫=‬
‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫‪٣‬ﺱ‬ ‫‪٣-‬‬ ‫‪٢-‬‬ ‫‪٣-‬‬

‫)‪(٢١٢‬‬

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 ‫‪٦‬‬
‫‪٥ ٣‬‬
‫‪٤‬‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫ﺱ ‪١٥-‬ﺱ‪+‬ﺠـ‬ ‫‪+‬ﺱ ‪-‬‬ ‫)ﺱ ‪٣+‬ﺱ –‪٥‬ﺱ – ‪ (١٥‬ﺀ ﺱ =‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫‪) ê (٩‬ﺱ ‪) (٥-‬ﺱ ‪(٣+‬ﺀ ﺱ=‬
‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬
‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺀ ﻉ = ‪ ٣‬ﺏ ﻉ ‪ +‬ﺠـ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪(١٠‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٩‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺱ ﺍﻷﺴﻲ ﻓﻘﻁ = ﺩ)ﺱ( = ﺱ ‪ ، ٤-‬ﺩ )ﺱ( = ‪٢‬ﺱ ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪٢‬ﺱ )ﺱ ‪ (٤-‬ﺀ ﺱ‬ ‫‪(١١‬‬
‫ﺘﻬﻤـل ﻭﻴﻜﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﻜﻜل‬
‫‪١٠‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫)ﺱ ‪(٤-‬‬
‫‪ +‬ﺠـ ‪.‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪١٠‬‬
‫ﺩ )ﺱ( = ‪٢‬ﺱ‬ ‫‪٩‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺱ ﺍﻷﺴﻲ = ﺱ ﻓﻘﻁ ‪ .‬ﻟﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺱ )ﺱ ‪ (٤-‬ﺀ ﺱ‬ ‫‪ê‬‬ ‫‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﻴـــﻀﺭﺏ ﻓـــﻲ )‪ (٢‬ﻭﺨـــﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻤـــل‬
‫ﻴﻀﺭﺏ ﺒﻤﻘﻠﻭﺒﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ‬ ‫‪٩‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫‪١‬‬
‫‪٢‬ﺱ )ﺱ ‪ (٤-‬ﺀ ﺱ‬ ‫=‬
‫ﻟﻡ ﻨﻐﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬

‫‪١٠‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫)ﺱ ‪(٤-‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫‪١٠‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫‪ +‬ﺠـ‬ ‫)ﺱ ‪(٤-‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪ +‬ﺠـ‬ ‫×‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪٢٠‬‬ ‫‪١٠‬‬
‫‪٩‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪٧‬ﺱ )ﺱ ‪ (٤-‬ﺀ ﺱ‬ ‫‪ê‬‬ ‫‪(١٤‬‬
‫‪٩‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪٩‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪ê‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫‪٢‬ﺱ )ﺱ ‪ (٤-‬ﺀﺱ‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫ﺱ )ﺱ ‪ (٤-‬ﺀ ﺱ ‪× ٧ = ،‬‬ ‫=‪٧‬‬
‫‪١٠‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪١٠‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬ ‫)ﺱ ‪(٤-‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬
‫‪ +‬ﺠـ‬ ‫)ﺱ ‪(٤-‬‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬
‫‪ +‬ﺠـ =‬ ‫×‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪١٠‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٣‬ﺹ‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫ﺹ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﺩ )ﺹ(= ‪-‬‬ ‫ﺩ )ﺹ( = ‪- ٨‬‬ ‫ﺹ ﺀﺹ‬ ‫(‬ ‫‪-٨) ê (١٥‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬

‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬
‫ﺹ ( ﺀﺹ‬ ‫( )‪-‬‬ ‫)‪-٨‬‬ ‫=‪-‬‬
‫‪ ٢‬ﻴﻬﻤل‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٦‬‬ ‫ﺹ‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫)‪-٨‬‬
‫‪٦‬‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫( ‪ +‬ﺠـ‬ ‫)‪-٨‬‬ ‫‪٩‬‬
‫‪ +‬ﺠـ = ‪-‬‬ ‫×‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫=‪-‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬

‫‪ê‬‬
‫ﺩ )ﻥ( = ‪ + ٤‬ﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺩ )ﻥ( = ‪ ١‬ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺀﻥ‬ ‫‪ +٤‬ﻥ‬ ‫‪(١٦‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫‪ +‬ﺠـ‬ ‫ﻥ( ‪٢‬‬ ‫)‪+٤‬‬ ‫ﺀﻥ =‬ ‫(‪٢‬‬ ‫)‪+٤‬ﻥ‬ ‫=‬
‫‪٣‬‬

‫ﺩ )ﺱ( = ‪ + ٨‬ﻁ ﺱ ‪ ،‬ﺩ )ﺱ( = ﻁ‬ ‫ﺀﺱ‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬ ‫‪(١٧‬‬

‫‪١‬‬
‫‪+٨‬ﻁ ﺱ‬
‫‪١‬‬
‫‪ê‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫ﺀﺱ‬ ‫(‪٣‬‬ ‫)‪+٨‬ﻁﺱ‬ ‫ﻴﻬﻤل‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫=‬ ‫ﺀﺱ‬ ‫) ‪ +٨‬ﻁ ﺱ (‬ ‫=‬
‫ﻁ‬

‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫‪ +‬ﺠـ‬ ‫(‪٣‬‬ ‫)‪+٨‬ﻁﺱ‬ ‫ﺱ( ‪٣‬‬
‫‪ +‬ﺠـ = ‪ ٤‬ﻁ‬ ‫)‪+٨‬ﻁ‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫×‬ ‫ﻁ‬
‫=‬
‫)‪(٢١٣‬‬

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 ‫ﻤﺸﺘﻘﺔ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺱ ﺍﻷﺴﻲ‬
‫‪٨‬‬
‫ﺩ )ﺱ( = ‪١-‬‬ ‫‪ +‬ﺠـ‬
‫‪-٥)-‬ﺱ(‬ ‫‪٧‬‬
‫‪ -٥) ١-‬ﺱ( ﺀ ﺱ =‬ ‫‪ê‬‬ ‫) ‪-٥‬ﺱ( ﺀ ﺱ = ‪١-‬‬
‫‪٧‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫‪(١٨‬‬
‫‪٨‬‬
‫‪ê‬‬
‫)‪٢‬ﺱ‪-٣ (٦-‬ﺱ ﺀ ﺱ‬ ‫‪(١٩‬‬
‫‪١‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻀﺭﺏ ﺘﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﺴﺱ ﺃﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻻﺴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﻤﺘﺴﺎﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫)‪-٣‬ﺱ( )‪-٣‬ﺱ( ﺀ ﺱ‬ ‫= ‪٢-‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪ê‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫ﺀﺱ‬ ‫‪-٣) ١-‬ﺱ(‬ ‫ﺀﺱ = ‪٢‬‬ ‫)‪-٣‬ﺱ(‬ ‫= ‪٢-‬‬
‫‪٥‬‬
‫‪٥‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫)‪-٣‬ﺱ(‬
‫‪ +‬ﺠـ‬ ‫) ‪ - ٣‬ﺱ(‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫‪ +‬ﺠـ =‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫=‪×٢‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪١-‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫)‪ ٤-٤‬ﺱ ( ﺀ ﺱ‬
‫)‪٤-٤‬ﺱ ( )ﺱ ‪٣-‬ﺱ ‪ (٥+‬ﺀ ﺱ‬ ‫‪ê‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪ê‬‬ ‫‪(٢٠‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬
‫ﺱ ‪٣-‬ﺱ‪٥+‬‬
‫‪١-‬‬
‫ﺀﺱ‬ ‫)ﺱ‪٣- ٣‬ﺱ‪٤ (٥+‬‬ ‫)ﺱ ‪(١-‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫= ‪٤-‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫ﺩ )ﺱ( = ﺱ – ‪٣‬ﺱ‬ ‫‪١-‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬
‫ﺩ )ﺱ( = ‪٣‬ﺱ – ‪٣‬‬ ‫ﺀﺱ‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪) ٣‬ﺱ ‪) (١-‬ﺱ ‪٣-‬ﺱ‪(٥+‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫×‬
‫‪٤‬‬
‫=‪-‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫= ‪) ٣‬ﺱ ‪(١-‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫)ﺱ‪٣-٢‬ﺱ‪٤(٥+‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪١٦‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬
‫)ﺱ ‪٣-‬ﺱ‪ + (٥+‬ﺠـ‬ ‫‪٩‬‬
‫‪ +‬ﺠـ = ‪-‬‬ ‫×‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫= ‪-‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٤‬‬

‫‪٤‬‬
‫(ﺀﺱ‬ ‫‪٣‬ﺱ‪+ ٤+‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪ê‬‬ ‫‪(٢١‬‬
‫‪٢‬ﺱ‪٥-‬‬
‫‪١-‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫ﺩ ‪) ١‬ﺱ( = ‪ ، ٣‬ﺩ ‪) ٢‬ﺱ( = ‪٢‬‬ ‫ﺀ ﺱ ‪ ٢ ) ê٤ +‬ﺱ ‪ ( ٥ -‬ﺀ ﺱ‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫) ‪٣‬ﺱ ‪(٤+‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪١‬‬
‫‪١-‬‬
‫‪ê‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫ﺀﺱ‬ ‫‪٢)٢‬ﺱ ‪٢ (٥-‬‬ ‫‪٣) ٣‬ﺱ‪ (٤+‬ﺀ ﺱ ‪٢ +‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫) ‪٢‬ﺱ – ‪٢ ( ٥‬‬ ‫) ‪٣‬ﺱ ‪٢ ( ٤ +‬‬
‫‪١‬‬
‫‪ +‬ﺠـ‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫‪×٢+‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫×‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬

‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪٢‬ﺱ ‪ + ٥ -‬ﺠـ‬ ‫)‪٣‬ﺱ‪٤ + (٤+‬‬ ‫‪٩‬‬
‫=‬

‫)‪(٢١٤‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻷﻭل ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺱ ﺍﻵﺴﻲ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﻤﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ‪ ٣‬ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ‪ :‬ﻴﺤﻠل ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﻜﻤﺭﺒﻊ ﻜﺎﻤل‪.‬‬
‫‪٧‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫ﻤﺜﻼ‪٩ ) :‬ﺱ ‪٦-‬ﺱ‪ (١+‬ﺀ ﺱ = ‪٣ ) ] ‬ﺱ –‪ ٧ [ ٢ (١‬ﺀﺱ = ‪٣ ) ‬ﺱ –‪ ١٤ (١‬ﺀﺱ =‬
‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫‪٣ ) ٣  ٣‬ﺱ –‪(١‬‬
‫‪١٥‬‬ ‫‪١٤‬‬
‫‪+‬ﻙ‬ ‫ﺀﺱ = ‪٣ ) ١٥×٣‬ﺱ –‪(١‬‬
‫ﺠﺎ ﺱ‬ ‫ﺠﺎ ﺱ‬
‫ﺀﺱ‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺀﺱ =‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺜﻼ‪:‬‬
‫) ﺠﺘﺎ ﺱ‪(٢-‬‬ ‫ﺠﺘﺎ ﺱ‪ ٤-‬ﺠﺘﺎ ﺱ ‪٤+‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪١-‬‬
‫‪ ) -‬ﺠﺘﺎ ﺱ‪(٢-‬‬
‫‪+‬ﻙ‬ ‫ﺠﺘﺎ ﺱ‪٢-‬‬ ‫‪+‬ﻙ =‬ ‫‪١-‬‬
‫=‪ - -‬ﺠﺎ ﺱ ) ﺠﺘﺎ ﺱ‪ ٢- (٢-‬ﺀ ﺱ =‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﻤﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺤﺩﻴﻥ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﺎﻤل ﻤﺸﺘﺭﻙ‪:‬ﻨﺴﺘﺨﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺭﻙ ﺜﻡ ﻴﻭﺯﻉ ﺍﻷﺱ‪.‬‬

‫ﺀ ﺱ = ‪ ‬ﺱ ‪ ٣‬ﺱ )‪٢‬ﺱ –‪(٣‬‬

‫ﺀﺱ‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫ﻤﺜﺎل‪  :١‬ﺱ ‪٢ ٣‬ﺱ –‪٣‬ﺱ‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬
‫‪١‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫ﺀ ﺱ=‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫ﺱ )‪٢‬ﺱ –‪(٣‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺀ ﺱ=‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫ﺱ × ‪٢ ٣‬ﺱ –‪٣‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪‬ﺱ‬
‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫‪ ٦‬ﺱ‪٢) ٢‬ﺱ –‪(٣‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫ﺀ ﺱ=‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫)‪٢‬ﺱ –‪ + ٣ (٣‬ﺠـ‬ ‫‪٤‬‬
‫×‬ ‫‪٦‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٦‬‬

‫‪٩‬‬
‫‪٨‬‬
‫ﺀ ﺱ = ‪‬ﺱ ) ‪٢‬ﺱ ‪ (١ -‬ﺀ ﺱ‬
‫‪٧‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬
‫] ﺱ ) ‪٢‬ﺱ ‪[ (١ -‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺀﺱ=‬
‫‪٧‬‬
‫‪٢ ) ‬ﺱ ‪ -‬ﺱ(‬ ‫ﻤﺜﺎل‪:٢‬‬
‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫‪١٦‬ﺱ ) ‪٢‬ﺱ ‪ (١ -‬ﺀ ﺱ =‬
‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬
‫‪+‬ﻫـ‬ ‫× ) ‪٢‬ﺱ ‪(١ -‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪٨×١٦‬‬ ‫‪١٦‬‬

‫ﺏ( ﻟﻬﻤﺎ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ )ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ(‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‪ :‬ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻀﺭﺏ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺴﻤﺔ ﻟﻬﻤﺎ ﺃ( ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻷﺱ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤل‪ :‬ﺘﻭﺤﺩ ﺒﺄﺱ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‪.‬ﺃﻭ ﺘﻭﺤﺩ ﺒﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫( [ ﺀ ﺱ = ‪٤ )‬ﺱ ‪ (٣ -‬ﺀ ﺱ‬
‫‪٧‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬
‫(‪ ٧‬ﺀ ﺱ = ‪ ]‬ﺱ ) ‪-٤‬‬ ‫ﻤﺜﺎل‪  :١‬ﺱ‪-٤ ) ٧‬‬
‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﺱ‬
‫‪+‬ﻙ‬
‫‪٨‬‬
‫× ) ‪٤‬ﺱ ‪(٣ -‬‬ ‫‪٨×٤‬‬
‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬
‫‪٤ ) ٤‬ﺱ ‪ (٣ -‬ﺀ ﺱ =‬ ‫‪ ١٤‬‬ ‫=‬
‫=‪ -٤ )‬ﺱ(‬ ‫‪ -٤ ) ‬ﺱ(‬
‫‪)٢‬ﺱ –‪ (٤‬ﺀ ﺱ‬ ‫‪٧‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪٢‬ﺱ ‪٨-‬‬ ‫ﻤﺜﺎل ‪:٢‬‬
‫‪١٧‬‬ ‫‪١٥‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪+‬ﺃ‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫)ﺱ ‪(٤-‬‬ ‫ﺀ ﺱ =‪× ٢ -‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫)ﺱ –‪ (٤‬ﺀ ﺱ = ‪)  ٢ -‬ﺱ ‪(٤-‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬
‫‪) ٢ -‬ﺱ ‪(٤-‬‬
‫‪١٧‬‬

‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺏﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ ‪ :‬ﺤﺎﺼل ﻀﺭﺏ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺴﻤﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻴﻥ ﺃﺴﻴﻴﻥ ﺃﺤﺩﻫﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‪:‬‬
‫ﻥ‬
‫× ﻥ ﺏ‬ ‫= ﻥ ﺱ‬ ‫ﺏﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻴﻭﺯﻉ ﺍﻟﺠﺫﺭ‪:‬‬
‫‪٢-‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬
‫) ‪ ٣ -٤‬ﺱ (‬ ‫‪٧‬‬
‫) ‪ ٣- ٤‬ﺱ (‬
‫‪٧‬‬
‫) ‪ ٣ -٤‬ﺱ ( ﺀ ﺱ‬ ‫ﺱ‪٣‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫ﺀﺱ‬ ‫ﺀ ﺱ =‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫=‪٣‬‬ ‫ﻤﺜﺎل‪:‬‬
‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪ ٣ ٤ ٣‬ﺱ‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٤‬ﺱ‬
‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪٣-‬‬ ‫‪٢-‬‬ ‫‪٣-‬‬
‫) ‪ ٣ -٤‬ﺱ ( ‪ +‬ﺠـ‬ ‫ﺱ‪ ٣ -٤ ) ٣‬ﺱ (‪ ٧‬ﺀ ﺱ =‬ ‫‪١-‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٤ ٣‬‬

‫)‪(٢١٥‬‬

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 ‫ﺩ )ﺱ( = ‪ ١‬ﻟﺫﺍ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﻤﻥ ﺱ‬
‫ﻟﻜﻥ ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺇﺨﺭﺍﺝ ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻤل‬
‫‪ ê (٢٦‬ﺱ ﺱ‪ ٤-‬ﺀ ﺱ‬
‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪٢‬ﺩﻟﻴل ﺍﻟﺠﺫﺭ‬
‫ﻟﻼﻁﻼﻉ = ‪) ê‬ﺹ ‪ (٤+‬ﺹ × ‪٢‬ﺹ ﺀ ﺹ‬
‫ﻨﻔﺭﺽ ﺱ – ‪ = ٤‬ﺹ‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬
‫= ‪٢) ê‬ﺹ ‪ ٨ +‬ﺹ ( ﺀ ﺹ‬
‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪ Ü‬ﺱ = ﺹ ‪ ٤+‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﻘﺔ ﻓﻠﻠﻁﺭﻓﻴﻥ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬
‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫ﺹ ‪ +‬ﺠـ‬ ‫ﺹ ‪+‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬
‫‪Ü‬ﺀﺱ=‪٢‬ﺹﺀﺹ‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪ +‬ﺠـ‬ ‫)ﺱ‪(٤-‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)ﺱ‪(٤-‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬

‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪ ٨‬ﺱ – ﺱ ‪٨-‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺱ ‪٢-‬ﺱ‪٤+‬‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤـﺔ ﻁﻭﻴــﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺀﺱ‬ ‫‪ê‬‬ ‫‪(٢٧‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫ﺱ–‪٢‬‬ ‫ﻟﻼﻁﻼﻉ‬
‫ﺱ‪٢-‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺱ ‪٨+‬ﺱ‪٨-‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪ ±‬ﺱ ‪ ٢ +-‬ﺱ‬
‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪٢-‬ﺱ ‪٨ +‬ﺱ – ‪٨‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪ ٢ ±‬ﺱ ‪٤ +‬ﺱ‬
‫‪٤‬ﺱ – ‪٨‬‬ ‫)‪ -‬ﺱ ‪٢-‬ﺱ‪ (٤+‬ﺀ ﺱ‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪٤ +‬ﺱ ‪٨ ±‬‬
‫‪±‬‬

‫‪٠‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬

‫ﺱ – ﺱ ‪٤ +‬ﺱ ‪ +‬ﺠـ‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫=‪-‬‬

‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬

‫ﺱ ‪ ١+‬ﺀﺱ‬ ‫) ﺱ ‪٢ +‬ﺱ ‪ +‬ﺱ (‬ ‫‪ê‬‬ ‫‪(٢٨‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫ﺱ ‪ ١+‬ﺀﺱ‬ ‫ﺱ )ﺱ ‪٢ +‬ﺱ ‪( ١ +‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪١‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻀﺭﺏ ﺘﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﺴﺱ ﺒﺸﺭﻁ ﺍﻻﺴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﻤﺘﺴﺎﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫ﺀﺱ‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫ﺱ )ﺱ ‪) (١+‬ﺱ ‪(١+‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪٥‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫ﺀﺱ‬ ‫(‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣‬ﺱ ) ﺱ ‪١ +‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫ﺀﺱ‬ ‫(‪٢‬‬ ‫ﺱ )ﺱ ‪١+‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٧‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫ﺠـ‬ ‫‪+٢‬‬ ‫)ﺱ ‪(١ +‬‬ ‫‪٢١‬‬
‫‪ +‬ﺠـ =‬ ‫×‬ ‫‪٢ (١‬‬ ‫)ﺱ ‪+‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪٧‬‬

‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٣‬ﺱ –‪٩‬ﺱ‬ ‫ﺱ ‪٢٧ -‬‬
‫‪ê‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫ﺀﺱ‬ ‫ﺀﺱ‪+‬‬ ‫‪(٢٩‬‬
‫ﺱ‪٣+‬‬ ‫ﺱ‪٣+‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫)ﺱ ‪٣+‬ﺱ ( – )‪٩‬ﺱ‪(٢٧+‬‬ ‫ﺱ –‪٣+٢٧‬ﺱ –‪٩‬ﺱ‬
‫‪ê‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫ﺀﺱ‬ ‫=‬ ‫ﺀﺱ‬ ‫=‬
‫ﺱ‪٣+‬‬ ‫ﺱ‪٣+‬‬

‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬

‫ﺱ‬ ‫)ﺱ‪) (٣+‬ﺱ –‪(٩‬‬ ‫ﺱ )ﺱ‪) ٩ – (٣+‬ﺱ‪(٣+‬‬
‫‪ê‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫‪٩ -‬ﺱ ‪ +‬ﺠـ‬ ‫ﺀﺱ =‬ ‫=‬ ‫ﺀﺱ‬ ‫=‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫ﺱ‪٣+‬‬ ‫ﺱ‪٣+‬‬

‫)‪(٢١٦‬‬

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 ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ‪ :‬ﻟﺘﻜﻥ ﺩ ‪ ] :‬ﺃ ‪ ،‬ﺏ [ ‪ Ü‬ﺡ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭﺓ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺩ )ﺱ( = ل )ﺱ( ﺤﻴﺙ ل ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺏ‬
‫ﺩ )ﺱ( ‪ .‬ﺀﺱ = ] ل )ﺱ( [ = ل )ﺏ( ‪ -‬ل ) ﺃ (‬ ‫‪ê‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﺩ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻭﻴﻘﺭﺃ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺃ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺏ ﻟـ ﺩ)ﺱ( ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺱ‬
‫ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﺩ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ‪ .‬ﻭﻴﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺃ ﺍﻟﺤﺩ ﺍﻷﺩﻨﻰ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﺎﻤل ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺏ ﻓﻴﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺩ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﺎﻤل ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﻌﺽ ﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﺩ ‪ :‬ﻟﺘﻜﻥ ﺩ ‪ ،‬ل ﺩﻭﺍل ﻗﺎﺒﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﺎﻤل ﻓﻲ ] ﺃ ‪ ،‬ﺏ[ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺠـ ' ) ﺃ ‪ ،‬ﺏ( ﻓﺈﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺏ‬
‫‪ê‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﻫـ ' ﺡ‬ ‫ﺩ )ﺱ( ‪ .‬ﺀﺱ‬ ‫ﻫـ ‪ .‬ﺩ )ﺱ( ﺀﺱ = ﻫـ‬ ‫‪(١‬‬
‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺏ‬
‫‪ê‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫ﺩ )ﺱ( ﺀﺱ‬ ‫ﺩ )ﺱ( ﺀﺱ = ‪-‬‬ ‫‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺏ‬
‫‪ê‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫ل )ﺱ( ﺀﺱ‬ ‫ﺩ )ﺱ( ﺀﺱ ‪+‬‬ ‫] ﺩ )ﺱ( ‪ +‬ل )ﺱ( [ ﺀﺱ =‬ ‫‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺠـ‬ ‫ﺏ‬
‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺠـ‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺩ )ﺱ( ﺀﺱ‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫ﺩ )ﺱ( ﺀﺱ ‪+‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫ﺩ )ﺱ( ‪ .‬ﺀﺱ =‬ ‫‪ê‬‬ ‫‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺠـ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺃ‬
‫‪ê‬‬
‫ﺩ )ﺱ( ﺀﺱ = ﺼﻔـﺭ‬ ‫ﺃ‬
‫‪(٥‬‬

‫ﺃﻤﺜﻠـﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫)‪٣‬ﺱ ‪٤-‬ﺱ‪ (٥-‬ﺀﺱ = ﺱ ‪٢-‬ﺱ ‪٥-‬ﺱ [‬ ‫‪(١‬‬
‫‪٢-‬‬ ‫‪٢-‬‬

‫= ) ‪١٨ = (١٠+٨-٨-) – (٢٠-٣٢-٦٤‬‬

‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪١-‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫ﺀﺱ‬ ‫‪٨‬‬
‫[‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫[ =‬ ‫ﺱ‪٣‬‬ ‫ﺀﺱ =‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪(٢‬‬
‫‪١-‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪١-‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪١-‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪١-‬‬
‫ﺱ‬

‫‪٩‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣ ٣‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬

‫=‬ ‫=‪-٦‬‬ ‫)‪(١-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬

‫‪١‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٠‬‬
‫ﺱ‪٢ (٢‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫ﺀﺱ‬ ‫ﺱ )‪-٢٥‬‬ ‫ﺀﺱ =‬ ‫‪ -٢٥‬ﺱ‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫‪(٣‬‬
‫‪٣-‬‬ ‫‪٣-‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬ ‫‪٢ ٢‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫)‪ - ٢٥‬ﺱ (‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٠‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫[‬ ‫×‬ ‫=‪-‬‬ ‫ﺀﺱ‬ ‫ﺱ (‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢-‬ﺱ )‪-٢٥‬‬ ‫=‪-‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣- ٢‬‬
‫‪٣-‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪٣ ٢‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫)‪( ٩ -٢٥‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)‪( ٠ -٢٥‬‬ ‫= ‪-‬‬ ‫[‬ ‫)‪-٢٥‬ﺱ (‬ ‫=‪-‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٣-‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬

‫‪٦١‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬

‫× ‪- = ٦٤‬‬ ‫× ‪+ ١٢٥‬‬ ‫=‪-‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬

‫)‪(٢١٧‬‬

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 ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫( ﺀﺱ‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫( )‪٣‬ﺱ‪+‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫) ‪ ٢‬ﺱ‪-‬‬ ‫‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫‪١‬‬

‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬

‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫)‪٦‬ﺱ ‪٥+‬ﺱ‪٤- -‬ﺱ‪ ( -‬ﺀﺱ‬ ‫( ﺀﺱ =‬ ‫‪٦‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫)‪٦‬ﺱ ‪+‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪١‬‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫‪١‬‬

‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٥-‬‬ ‫‪١-‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬

‫‪٥‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٤‬ﺱ‬ ‫‪٥‬ﺱ‬ ‫‪٦‬ﺱ‬
‫‪[ ٥‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫[ = ]‪ ٢‬ﺱ ‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=]‬
‫‪٥‬ﺱ ‪١‬‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪٥-‬‬ ‫‪١-‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬

‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬

‫( = ‪٥ – ١٦‬ﺭ‪٠٢٥ + ٢‬ﺭ‪ ٨ -٥ + ٢ – ٠‬ﺭ‪٧٢٥ = ٠‬ﺭ‪١٥‬‬ ‫(–)‪+٥–٢‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫= ) ‪- ١٦‬‬
‫‪٥‬‬ ‫‪٤٠‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬

‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫‪ ( ٤ +‬ﺀﺱ‬ ‫ﺱ‪٢‬‬ ‫)ﺱ –‪٤‬‬ ‫) ﺱ ﺱ ‪ (٢ -‬ﺀﺱ =‬ ‫‪(٥‬‬
‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬
‫‪٤‬‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪٤‬ﺱ‪٢‬‬ ‫ﺱ‬
‫‪٥‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬
‫‪٤ +‬ﺱ [‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٤ +‬ﺱ[ = ]‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫=]‬
‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫‪٥‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬

‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪٢٥٦‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪٢٥٦‬‬

‫‪١٥ = ٤-‬ﺭ‪٢٦‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪- ٨٠= ( ٤ +‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪) – ( ١٦ +‬‬ ‫= ) ‪- ٦٤‬‬
‫‪٥‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬
‫‪١‬‬
‫ﺹﺀﺹ‬ ‫‪٤‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫ﺩ )ﺹ( = ‪٢-‬ﺹ‬ ‫ﺀﺹ‬ ‫ﺹ )‪ -٢٥‬ﺹ (‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪(٦‬‬
‫‪٣-‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣-‬‬
‫‪ -٢٥‬ﺹ‬
‫‪١‬‬
‫‪٤‬‬ ‫)‪ - ٢٥‬ﺹ‪٢ ( ٢‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪٢ ٢‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫[‬ ‫×‬ ‫ﺀﺹ = ‪-‬‬ ‫‪٢-‬ﺹ )‪ -٢٥‬ﺹ (‬ ‫=‪-‬‬
‫‪٣-‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫ﻴﻬـﻤل‬ ‫‪٣- ٢‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬

‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪٤‬‬
‫= ‪-٢٥) -‬ﺹ ( [ = ‪١ = ٤ + ٣- = ٩-٢٥ + (١٦-٢٥) -‬‬
‫‪٣-‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٣-‬‬
‫‪١- ê‬‬ ‫‪١-‬‬ ‫‪ ٦‬ﺀﺱ‬ ‫‪١- ê‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫ﺀﺱ‬ ‫‪-٣) ١-‬ﺱ(‬ ‫ﺀﺱ = ‪٦-‬‬ ‫‪-٣) ٦‬ﺱ(‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪(٧‬‬
‫ﻴﻬـﻤل‬ ‫‪٦-‬‬ ‫‪٦-‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٦-‬‬
‫‪١-‬‬ ‫) ‪ - ٣‬ﺱ(‬
‫‪١-‬‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬ ‫‪١-‬‬ ‫) ‪ -٣‬ﺱ ( ‪١- ٢‬‬
‫‪١٢‬‬
‫[‬ ‫[ =‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫[ =‬ ‫= ‪× ٦-‬‬
‫‪٦-‬‬ ‫‪-٣‬ﺱ‬ ‫‪١-‬‬
‫‪٦-‬‬ ‫)‪-٣‬ﺱ( ‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٦-‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪١٢‬‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬
‫=‪٢=٤–٦‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪٦+٣‬‬ ‫‪١ +٣‬‬

‫)‪(٢١٨‬‬

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 ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻕ = ‪٠‬‬ ‫| ‪٢-٦‬ﺱ | ﺀﺱ‬ ‫‪(٨‬‬
‫‪٣-‬‬
‫‪٢-٦‬ﺱ= ‪ Ü ٠‬ﺱ= ‪ ' ٣‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫)‪٢-٦‬ﺱ( ﺀﺱ |‬ ‫)‪٢-٦‬ﺱ( ﺀﺱ | ‪| +‬‬ ‫= |‬
‫‪٣-‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٣-‬‬

‫‪٥‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫= | ‪٦‬ﺱ – ﺱ [ | ‪٦ | +‬ﺱ– ﺱ [ | = | )‪٤٠= | (٩-١٨)-(٢٥-٣٠) | + | (٩-١٨-) – (٩-١٨‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٣-‬‬

‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪٣ – ١٢‬ﺱ = ‪ Ü ٠‬ﺱ =‪ ٢ -‬ﺘﻬﻤل‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺱ = ‪[٣،١-] ' ٢‬‬ ‫| ‪ ٣ -١٢‬ﺱ | ﺀﺱ‬ ‫‪(٩‬‬
‫‪١-‬‬
‫‪١-‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫)‪٣-١٢‬ﺱ ( ﺀﺱ |‬ ‫)‪٣-١٢‬ﺱ ( ﺀﺱ | ‪| +‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬ ‫=|‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪١-‬‬
‫)ﻨﻜﺎﻤل ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ( ﻻ ﺘﻨﺱ ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫؟‬ ‫(|=‬ ‫(‪)-‬‬ ‫(|‪)|+‬‬ ‫(‪)-‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫[ | ‪١٢ | +‬ﺱ – ﺱ [ | = | )‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫| ‪ ١٢‬ﺱ – ﺱ‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪١-‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻕ = ‪٠‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪ Ü‬ﺱ = ‪[ ٣ ، ٣- ] ' ٠‬‬ ‫| ﺱ | )‪٣‬ﺱ‪ (٤+‬ﺀﺱ‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫‪(١٠‬‬
‫‪٣-‬‬
‫‪ ٣-‬ﺃﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺱ‬ ‫‪٠‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪--- - - - + + + ++‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫)‪ +‬ﺱ( )‪٣‬ﺱ‪ (٤+‬ﺀﺱ‬ ‫)‪ -‬ﺱ( )‪٣‬ﺱ‪ (٤+‬ﺀﺱ ‪+‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪٠‬‬ ‫‪٣-‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٠ê‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫)‪٣‬ﺱ ‪٤ +‬ﺱ( ﺀﺱ‬ ‫)‪٣-‬ﺱ – ‪٤‬ﺱ( ﺀﺱ ‪+‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪٠‬‬ ‫‪٣-‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫[ = )‪٣٦ = (٠-٠) – (١٨+٢٧) + (١٨-٢٧) – (٠-٠‬‬ ‫[ ‪ ] +‬ﺱ ‪٢ +‬ﺱ‬ ‫= ] ‪-‬ﺱ – ‪٢‬ﺱ‬
‫‪٠‬‬ ‫‪٣-‬‬

‫‪–١‬ﺱ=‪٠‬‬
‫‪ Ü‬ﺱ = ‪[٢،٤-] ' ١‬‬ ‫‪٦‬ﺱ | ‪ -١‬ﺱ | ﺀﺱ‬ ‫‪(١١‬‬
‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫‪١‬‬
‫‪ -١) -‬ﺱ( × ‪٦‬ﺱ ﺀﺱ‬ ‫= ‪ –١) +٢- ê‬ﺱ( × ‪٦‬ﺱ ﺀﺱ ‪+‬‬
‫‪ ٢-‬ﺃﺸﺎﺭﺓ ‪-١‬ﺱ‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪٢-‬‬
‫‪+++‬‬ ‫‪---‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫)‪٦‬ﺱ ‪٦-‬ﺱ( ﺀﺱ‬ ‫)‪٦‬ﺱ – ‪٦‬ﺱ ( ﺀﺱ ‪+‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪٢-‬‬
‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫= ] ‪٣‬ﺱ‪٢ – ٢‬ﺱ‪٢ ] + [ ٣‬ﺱ – ‪٣‬ﺱ [‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪٢-‬‬
‫= )‪٥٤ = (٣-٢) – (٤٨-١٢٨) + (١٦+١٢) – (٢-٣‬‬

‫)‪(٢١٩‬‬

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 ‫ﺱﺀﺱ‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫= ‪ ، ١‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺃ‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪ (١٢‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫‪ +٩‬ﺱ‬ ‫ﺃ‬
‫‪١‬‬
‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪٢٢‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫)‪ +٩‬ﺱ (‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪٢ ٢‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫[‬ ‫×‬ ‫ﺀﺱ =‬ ‫‪٢‬ﺱ)‪+٩‬ﺱ (‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁـﺭﻑ ﺍﻷﻴﻤﻥ =‬
‫ﺃ‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪ ٢‬ﺃ‬
‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪٤‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪ +٩‬ﺃ ﻟﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﻷﻴﺴﺭ = ‪١‬‬ ‫‪ +٩‬ﺃ = ‪-٥‬‬ ‫‪- ١٦ +٩‬‬ ‫[ =‬ ‫‪ +٩‬ﺱ‬ ‫=‬
‫ﺃ‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺘﺭﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻓﻴﻥ ﻨﺤﺼل ﻋﻠﻰ ‪-:‬‬ ‫‪ +٩‬ﺃ = ‪٤‬‬ ‫=‪Ü ١‬‬ ‫‪ +٩‬ﺃ‬ ‫\‪-٥‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪٧‬‬ ‫‪ ٧‬ﺃﻭ ﺃ = ‪-‬‬ ‫= ‪ Ü ٧‬ﺃ =‬ ‫‪ + ٩‬ﺃ = ‪ Ü ١٦‬ﺃ‬

‫ﺏ‪١+‬‬ ‫ﺏ‬
‫‪ê‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫)‪٢-٤‬ﺱ( ﺀﺱ = ‪ ١٥‬ﻓﺠﺩ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺃ ‪ ،‬ﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫)‪٢-٤‬ﺱ( ﺀﺱ = ‪ ٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ‫‪ (١٣‬ﺍﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺃ‪١-‬‬ ‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺏ‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫)‪٢-٤‬ﺱ( ﺀﺱ = ‪٤‬ﺱ – ﺱ [ = ‪٤‬ﺏ‪-‬ﺏ ‪ ٤ -‬ﺃ ‪ +‬ﺃ = ‪(١) ------ ٩‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤل ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺏ‪١+‬‬ ‫ﺏ‪١+‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫)‪٢-٤‬ﺱ( ﺀﺱ = ‪٤‬ﺱ‪ -‬ﺱ [ = ﺃ – ﺏ – ‪٦‬ﺃ ‪٢ +‬ﺏ ‪١٥ = ٨+‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫ﺃ‪-‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ Ü ١-‬ﺃ – ﺏ – ‪٦‬ﺃ ‪٢ +‬ﺏ = ‪(٢) ------- ٧‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫ﺃ – ﺏ – ‪٤‬ﺃ ‪٤ +‬ﺏ = ‪٩‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫ﺒﻁﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃ – ﺏ – ‪٦‬ﺃ ‪٢ +‬ﺏ = ‪٧‬‬

‫‪ Ü‬ﺃ = ‪-١‬ﺏ ﻨﻌﻭﺽ ﻓﻲ )‪(١‬‬ ‫‪Ü‬ﺃ‪+‬ﺏ=‪١‬‬ ‫[÷‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬ﺃ ‪٢ +‬ﺏ = ‪٢‬‬

‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪ Ü‬ﺃ = ‪١-‬‬ ‫‪ Ü‬ﺏ=‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢-١ Ü‬ﺏ ‪ +‬ﺏ – ﺏ –‪٤+ ٤‬ﺏ ‪٤+‬ﺏ = ‪٩‬‬

‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫‪٥‬ﺱ‪ ٤+‬ﺀﺱ‬ ‫‪ (١٤‬ﺠﺩ ﻭﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻀل‬
‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪١‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫[‬ ‫)‪٥‬ﺱ‪(٤+‬‬ ‫ﺀﺱ =‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪٥) ٥‬ﺱ‪(٤+‬‬ ‫‪٥‬ﺱ‪ ٤+‬ﺀﺱ =‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤل ‪:‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬ ‫‪١٥‬‬ ‫‪٠٥‬‬ ‫‪٠‬‬

‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬

‫)‪[ ٨ - (٢٤‬‬ ‫)‪] ١٥ = [ (٤٣‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫)‪(٢٤‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫=‬
‫‪١٥‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫ﻟﻨﺠﺩ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺒﻴﺔ )‪(٢٤‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫ﺱ‪٢٤ = ٢‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻟـﺔ‬ ‫ﺱ‪٢‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻥ ﺹ = ﺩ )ﺱ( =‬
‫ﺱ = ﺱ‪٢٥ = ١‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫ﻤﺸﺘﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﺱ‪= ٢‬‬ ‫ﺩ )ﺱ( =‬
‫ﺀﺱ = ‪١-‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬

‫)‪(٢٢٠‬‬

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 ‫‪٣‬‬
‫= ‪١٢٥‬‬ ‫‪ (١‬ﺹ = )‪(٢٥‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫ﺀﺱ‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫‪ (٢‬ﺀ ﺹ = ﺩ )ﺱ(×ﺀ ﺱ =‬
‫‪٢‬‬
‫= ‪٥- = (١-) × (٢٥) ٣‬ﺭ‪٧‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺭﻴﺒﻴﺔ = ﺹ ‪ +‬ﺀ ﺹ = ‪٥ – ١٢٥‬ﺭ‪٥ = ٧‬ﺭ‪١١٧‬‬

‫)‪٥ @ ٣(٢٤‬ﺭ‪١١٧‬‬ ‫\‬

‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫@ ‪٤‬ﺭ‪٥ ] × ٠‬ﺭ‪٤ = [ ٨ – ١١٧‬ﺭ‪٥ × ٠‬ﺭ‪٤٣٨ = ١٠٩‬‬ ‫‪٥‬ﺱ‪ ٤+‬ﺀ ﺱ‬ ‫\‬
‫‪٠‬‬

‫‪٢-٢٨‬ﺏ‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬

‫‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﺩ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺏ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪٢‬ﺱ ﺀ ﺱ =‬ ‫‪ (١٥‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬
‫[‬ ‫)‪ ٢‬ﺱ( ‪× ٢‬‬ ‫ﺀﺱ=‬ ‫)‪٢‬ﺱ(‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤل ‪٢) ê :‬ﺱ( ‪ ٢‬ﺀ ﺱ =‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢ ٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬

‫‪٨‬‬
‫‪٥٦‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪٦٤‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫)‪= [ (٤‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫)‪(١٦‬‬ ‫]‬ ‫)‪٢‬ﺱ(‪= [ ٣‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬

‫‪٢-٢٨‬ﺏ‬ ‫‪٥٦‬‬
‫‪ Ü‬ﺏ = ‪١٤-‬‬ ‫‪٢ Ü‬ﺏ = ‪٢٨-‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫\‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬

‫‪٢‬ﺹ‬ ‫‪٢‬ﺹ‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫[ = )‪١٦‬ﺹ‪٨-‬ﺹ ( ‪٨) -‬ﺹ‪٢-‬ﺹ ( = ‪٨‬ﺹ‪٦-‬ﺹ‬ ‫)‪٤-٨‬ﺱ( ﺀﺱ = ‪٨‬ﺱ – ‪٢‬ﺱ‬ ‫‪(١٦‬‬
‫ﺹ‬ ‫ﺹ‬

‫)‪(٢٢١‬‬

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 ‫ﺠـﺩ ‪- :‬‬
‫‪ ٨) ê (١‬ﺹ – ﺹ ‪ (٣+‬ﺀ ﺹ‬
‫‪٤‬‬

‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬

‫)ﺹ – ‪ (٨‬ﺀ ﺹ‬ ‫‪(٢‬‬

‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬

‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫ﺀﺱ‬ ‫ﺱ ‪٤-‬ﺱ‪١+‬‬ ‫)‪٣‬ﺱ‪(٦-‬‬ ‫‪(١٨‬‬ ‫)ﺱ – ﺹ ( ﺀ ﺱ‬ ‫‪(٣‬‬

‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣ ٩ê‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬

‫ﺱ ‪٢-‬ﺱ‪ ١+‬ﺀ ﺱ‬ ‫‪(١٩‬‬ ‫)ﺱ –ﺹ(ﺀﺹ‬ ‫‪ê‬‬ ‫‪(٤‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪٧‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫ﺀﺱ‬ ‫)‪٢‬ﺱ – ‪) (٢‬ﺱ – ‪(١‬‬ ‫‪(٢٠‬‬ ‫)ﻥ – ‪ ) (٥‬ﻥ‪ ( ٣+‬ﺀ ﻥ‬ ‫‪(٥‬‬

‫‪٥٦‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫ﺱ‪ ١+٢‬ﺀ ﺱ‬ ‫‪ ) ê (٢١‬ﺱ ‪ +‬ﺱ (‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﺒﺭﻫﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪٢‬ﺱ ﺀﺱ =‬ ‫‪(٦‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪٤‬‬
‫ﺱ ‪+‬ﺱ‬
‫‪ê‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫‪–٧‬ﺱ (ﺀﺱ‬ ‫)ﺱ‪+‬‬ ‫‪(٢٢‬‬ ‫ﺀﺱ‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪(٧‬‬
‫ﺱ ‪ -‬ﺱ‪١+‬‬

‫ﺱﺀﺱ‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬

‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬ ‫ﺱ – ‪٥‬ﺱ ‪٣ +‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫= ‪ ١‬ﻓﺠﺩ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺃ‬ ‫‪ (٢٣‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺀﺱ‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪(٨‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫‪٧‬ﺱ‬
‫ﺱ ‪١٦ +‬‬
‫ﺀﺱ‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫= ﺏ‪ ٣+‬ﻓﺠﺩ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺏ‬ ‫ﺱ ‪٢-‬ﺱ ﺀﺱ ‪ ê -‬ﺱ ﺱ ‪٢-‬ﺱ ﺀﺱ ‪ (٢٤‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪ê‬‬ ‫‪(٩‬‬
‫ﺱ ﺱ‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫)‪٤‬ﺱ‪ (١٢+‬ﺀ ﺱ‬ ‫‪(١٠‬‬
‫‪٢٨‬‬ ‫‪ -٥‬ﺱ‬ ‫‪١٦ ê‬‬ ‫‪١-‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻫـ‬ ‫ﺀﺱ =‬ ‫‪ (٢٥‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪٣ ٩‬‬ ‫‪ ٢٧‬ﺱ‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫ﻫـ‬ ‫(ﺀﺱ‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫)ﺱ‪-‬‬ ‫‪(١١‬‬
‫ﺱ‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫‪٩‬‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬ ‫‪٩‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫‪ê‬‬
‫ﺀﺱ‬ ‫‪(٣-‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪٧‬ﺱ‬ ‫‪(٢٦‬‬ ‫| ﺱ | )‪٣-٦‬ﺱ( ﺀﺱ = ‪ ، ٤‬ﺒﺭﻫﻥ‬ ‫‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﺱ‬ ‫‪٢-‬‬
‫‪٩٨‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﺒﺭﻫﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪٩‬ﺱ‪+٢‬ﺱ‪ ٤‬ﺀ ﺱ =‬ ‫‪ê‬‬ ‫‪(٢٧‬‬ ‫| ‪٣‬ﺱ ‪ | ١٢-‬ﺀ ﺱ‬ ‫‪(١٣‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٠‬‬ ‫‪٣-‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬ ‫‪٩ ٢‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫‪٢‬ﺱ ‪ ٢ -‬ﺀ ﺱ‬ ‫)‪-١‬ﺱ(‬ ‫‪(٢٨‬‬ ‫‪٢-‬ﺱ )‪ – ٧‬ﺱ ( ﺀ ﺱ‬ ‫‪(١٤‬‬

‫‪ ٤ê‬ﺱ‪١-‬‬ ‫‪٥ ٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬

‫ﺀﺱ‬ ‫‪(٢٩‬‬ ‫ﺱ( ﺀﺱ‬ ‫ﺱ)‪-٧‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬ ‫‪(١٥‬‬
‫ﺱ‪١+‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪ ٥‬ﺀﺱ‬ ‫‪٥‬ﺱ‪٣-‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬
‫(‬ ‫‪ê‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪(٣٠‬‬ ‫ﺀﺱ‬ ‫‪٥‬ﺱ ‪٢+‬ﺱ‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫‪ê‬‬ ‫‪(١٦‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫ﺱ‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪١٣ ê‬‬ ‫)ﺱ‪(٢-‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬
‫‪٤‬ﺱ ‪٤+‬ﺱ‪ ١+‬ﺀﺱ‬ ‫‪(٣١‬‬ ‫ﺀﺱ‬ ‫‪(١٧‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬
‫ﺱ ‪٤-‬ﺱ‪١+‬‬
‫ﺱ )ﺱ‪ (٤+‬ﺀ ﺱ ﻟﻼﻁﻼﻉ‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫‪ê‬‬ ‫‪(٣٢‬‬

‫)‪(٢٢٢‬‬

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