:- 1

.

.
.

.

.


.

2 :


:
2 1 .
2 2 .
2 3 ) ( .
2 4 .
2 5 .
:
.
.

.


.

3 :
3 1 :
:

3 1 1 .
3 1 2 .
3 1 3 :
3-1-3-1 .
3-1-3-2 .
*)

( .
3-1-4 :
3-1-4-1 ) (
3-1-4-1-1 ) 2.40
( 3.60 1.80 .
.
3-1-4-1-2
3-1-4-1-3 1.20 1.80 1.00
3-1-4-1-4 1.80 2.60
1.80 0.60 .
3-1-4-1-5 ) ( Through Traffic
1.80 1.40 .
3-1-4-1-6 1.80
1.40
.
3-1-4-1-7
2.40 3.00 .
3-1-4-1-8 ) (
).(2-3
3-1-4-2 ) (
15 75 .
.
3-1-4-2-1
Parapet 0.75 .
3-1-4-2-2 ) 75 (
0.75
1.45 .
3-1-4-2-3 30 .
3-1-4-2-4
.
3-1-4-2-5 ) (
0.75
0.5 .
3-1-4-2-6
.
) . ( 3 - 3
3-2 :
:
3-2-1 .
3-2-2
.


.
3-2-3 :
3-2-3-1 )
( 5.00
.
.
3-2-3-2 10
3-2-3-3
4.20 3.75
. ) ( Clearance ) . ( 1-3
*

 4
1 4
1 1 4 .
2 1 4 .
3 1 4 .
4 1 4 [ ] .
5 1 4 .
2 4 ) (1- 4 ).(2-4
1 2 4 .
1 1 2 4 .
2 1 2 4 .
3 1 2 4 .
4 1 2 4 .
2 2 4 ) ( 3 4 ) 4 . ( 4
-1 2 2 4 .
2 2 2 4 .
3 2 2 4 ) ( 7 4

 3 2 4 . ) ( 7 4
1 3 2 4 .
2 3 2 4 [ ] . ) ( 5 4
3 3 2 4 [ ] )(6 4
4 3 :
3 -4 1 [ . ] DECK Straight Bridge
4 3 2 [ . ] DECK Skew Bridge
4 3 3 [ . ] THROUGH Straight Bridge
4 3 4 [ . ] THROUGH Skew Bridge
4 4
4 4 1 :




Slump Test .
4 4 2 :
Cable Tendom

.

.
.
4 4 3 :

.
.
:
:


.
: 5
2 .


5
4 4 4
.

. .
. 3 1 5
4 4 5
4 4 5 1


.
.
.
4 4 5 2


.



.
4 4 5 3
) ( Soft Timber
( ( Hard Timber


.
4 4 5 4

.


.

 5 :
5 1 :


.


.
5 2 :
5-2-1 :
5-2-1-1 .
5-2-1-2 ) .. ( .
5-2-1-3 .
5-2-1-4 .
5-2-2 :
5-2-2-1 .
5-2-2-2 .
5-2-2-3 ) ...( .
5-2-2-4 .
5-2-2-5 .

 5-2-3 :
5-2-3-1 :
5-2-3-1-1 .
5-2-3-1-2 .
5-2-3-1-3 .
5-2-3-1-4 .
5-2-3-2 .
5-2-3-2-1 .
5-2-4 :
5-2-4-1 .
5-2-4-2 .
5-2-5 :
5-2-5-1 .
5-2-5-2 .
5-2-5-3 .
5-2-5-4 .
5-2-6 :
5-2-6-1 .
5-2-6-2 .
5-2-6-3 .
5-2-6-4 ) ... ( .
5-2-6-5 .
5-2-6-6 .
5-2-7 :
)

(
.
5-2-8 :
:
5-2-8-1 .
5-2-8-2 )

(.
5-2-9 :
DEPTH SPAN
RATIO
) ( ACI COMMITTEE - 343

..
5-2-9-1 Reinforced Concrete Slab Bridge
5-2-9-1-1 :
(1/15) ....
20/ 1 1/24
) 5 14 (

 ) HOLLOW CORE SLAB OR VOIDED

( SLAB )5 (1 ) 12 20
( .
5-2-9-1-2 :
.

.
5-2-9-1-3 :
)
. ( BEARINGS

.
5-2-9-2 ) (T ) 5 (2
5-2-9-2-1 :
( 1/15) ....
) ( 1/16
) 9 25 ( .
5-2-9-2-2 :
.

.
.
5-2-9-2-3 :
.
5-2-9-3 ) 5 (3
5-2-9-3-1 :
. ( 18/ 1) ....
) . ( 1/19
) ( .
) 25 60 ( .
5-2-9-3-2 :
.
.
.
5-2-9-3-3 :
.
.
5-2-9-4
Prestressed Concrete Slab Bridges - Cast in Place Post-tensioned Bridge
5-2-9-4-1 :
. (30 / 1) ....
.
25 .

 45 .
5-2-9-4-2 :
.
.
.
5-2-9-4-3 :
.
5-2-9-5
Precast Pretensioned Bridge
5-2-9-5-1 :
) 1/25 ( 1/33
) 6 10 ( .
) 10 25 ( .
5-2-9-5-2 :
.
.
5-2-9-5-3 :
) (Bearings .
5-2-9-6
5-2-9-6-1 :
) . ( 0.045
) . ( 0.040
) 25 30 (
5-2-9-6-2 :
.
T
.
5-2-9-6-3 :
.
5 2 9 7 ) T I
( .
PRESTRESSED PRECAST T AND I GIRDERS AND BOX SHAPED BRIDGES
) 5 . ( 4
5-2-9-7-1 :
) 9.0 50.0 ( .
.
) . ( 0.055
) . ( 0.050
5-2-9-7-2 :
.
.

 .
.
5-2-9-7-3 :
.
5-2-10 :
ACI COMMITTEE 343
5-2-10-1 :
) ( L ) 5 ( 5
:
S ( 1/3 - 1/2 ) = L

= S .
= L
5-2-10-2 : ) 5 . ( 5

) . ( S
.

1.80 2.70
2.10 3.30
2.40 4.80
2.10 3.70

) ( T

) ( I

2
3
4

5-2-10-3 : ) 5 ( 5
)
( .

16.00
16.50
18.00
19.00
20.00
20.50
21.50
22.00
23.00
25.00
25.50

1.80
2.10
2.40
2.70
3.00
3.40
3.70
4.00
4.30
4.60
4.90

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

 2.50 .
5.00 .
5-2-10-4 : ) 5 ( 5
B 30.00 ) (8 .
.
30.00 .
) ( H2 ) ( 1/16
) ( H 14 .
) (H2
.
BW 20
.
1.00 60
.
5-2-11 :
: ) ( Abutments
) . ( Piers
5-2-11 1 : ABUTMENTS
5-2-11-1-1 :
.
5-2-11-1-1-1 : OPEN END ABUTMENTS
) 5 ( 6
:
a - DIAPHRAGM TYPE
b - SEAT TYPE
5-2-11-1-1-2 : CLOSED END ABUTMENTS
) 5 ( 7
:
a - CANTILEVER TYPE
b - STRUITED TYPE
c - RIGID PORTAL FRAME TYPE
d - CELLULAR TYPE
e - GRAVITY OR SORIAL TYPE
5-2-11-1-2 :
:
1 ) ( .
2 .
3 .
2 -5-2-11 : Piers
5-2-11-2-1 :

.

0.75 1.00
1.00 1.25
1.25 1.50
1.50 2.00
2.00
2.50

2
3
4
5
6
8

5-2-11-2-2 :
) 5 ( 8
1 .
2 .
3 ) ( .
4 .
5 .

.
:
:
) 5 9
.(1
) ( :
:
1 .
2 .
3 .
4 ).( 2-9-5
) ( :

) 5 9 . ( 3
) ( ) ( :

.
) 5 9 . ( 4
) ( DIAPHRAGM TYPE

90.00
.
5-2-12 :

 ) (

.

.
:
1 -5-2-12 .
)
( .
5-2-12-2 .
) ( ) 1.0/
(2
) 5 5 10 ( 11 :
5-2-12-2-1 )
( .
5-2-12-2-2 )
( .
5-2-12 2 2 1 ) ( .
5-2-12 2 2 2 ) ( .
5-2-12-2 2 3 ) H . ( I
5-2-12-2 3 .
) ) 5
5 12 ( 13 :
5-2-12-2 3 1 .
5-2-12-2 3 2 .
5-2-12-2 3 3 .
5-2-12-2 3 4 .

 -6 :
1 - 6 :
6-1-1 Dead Loads
6-1-1-1 ) ...( .
6-1-1-2 )
... ( .
6-1-2 Construction , Handling & Erection Loads
:
6-1-2-1 .
6-1-2-2 .
6-1-2-3 .
6-1-3 Deformation Effects

 6-1-3-1 Displacement of Supports

6-1-3-1-1 .
6-1-3-1-2
) . ( Creep of Concrete
6-1-3-2 Shrinkage and Creep
6-1-3-2-1
. 0.0002
6-1-3-2-2
27 : 1 0.0018 0.0048
6-1-3-2-3
.
6-1-3-3
6-1-3-3-1
.
6-1-3-4
6-1-3-4-1
.
6-1-3-4-2 / 0.000011 .
6-1-3-4-3
:

+ 4.44
+ 7.22
+ 3.22

1.1
+ 1.66
+ 7.22

6.67
6-1-3-4-4 .
6-1-3-4-5 .
6-1-3-5
6-1-3-5-1
.
6-1-3-5-2 .
6-1-3-6
6-1-3-6-1 .
6-1-4
:
6-1-4-1 ) ( KN 600
)( 1 - 6
6-1-4-2 32 ) (2 - 6
6-1-4-3 ) . ( 3 - 6
6-1-4-3-1 2 / .
6-1-4-3-2 15.3 22.43 .
6-1-4-4 .
6-1-4-5 ) (
) 3.65
( 0.83
.

 6-1-4-6 7.30 : 6.00 2

.
6-1-4-7
.
6-1-4-8
3.00 .
6 1 4 9 :
: :

) ( Influence Lines
:

.
:

 -1
.
Max. Shear (A) = P1h1 + P2h2 + P3h3
2

: :
:

( LOAD COMBINATION ) 10-4 1 6

:
Required Strength for Different Load Combinations

Required Strength
++Loads
U = 1.4D + 1.7L
Dead (D) & Live (L)
(i) U = 1.4D + 1.7L
(ii) U = 0.75 (1.4D + 1.7L + 1.7W)
Dead, Live & Wind (W)
(iii) U = 0.9D + 1.3W
(i) U = 1.4D + 1.7L
(ii) U = 0.75 (1.4D + 1.7L +
Dead, Live & Earthquake (E)
1.87E)
(iii) U = 0.9D + 1.43W
(i) U = 1.4D + 1.7L
Dead, Live & Earth and Groundwater Pressure (H)*
(ii) U = 1.4D + 1.7L + 1.7H

(iii) U = 0.9D + 1.7H

Where D or L reduces H
(i) U = 1.4D + 1.7L
(ii) U = 1.4D + 1.7L + 1.4F
Dead, Live & Fluid Pressure (F)**
(iii) U = 0.9D + 1.4F
Where D or L reduces F
In all of the above equations
substitute (L+I) for L when impact
Impact (I)***
must be considered.
U = 1.4D + 1.7L
Dead, Live and Effects from Differential Settlement,
(i) U = 0.75 (1.4D + 1.4T + 1.7L)
Creep, Shrinkage, Expansion of Shrinkage(ii) U = 1.4 (D + T)
Compensating Concrete, or Temperature (T)
Where D or L reduces F
D, L, W, E, H, F, and T represent the designated service loads or their ++
.corresponding effects such as moments, shears, axial forces, torsion, etc
Weight and pressure of soil and water in soil. (Groundwater pressure is to be *
(considered part of earth pressure with a 1.7 load factor
Weight and pressure of fluids with well-defined densities and controllable **
.maximum heights
11 - 4 1 6
( ULTIMATE STRENGTH DESIGN)

( ONE WAY SLAB )
: ( TWO WAY SLAB )
a = short span
b = long span
`r = b` / a
mb/ma=
: m

Fixed - Fixed
0.76

Hinged - Fixed
0.87

Hinged Hinged
1

Type of Supports
m

where: r > 1
if r > 2 one way slab
if r < 2 two way slab
:
: - 1
.
: - 2
:
and values for solid slabs
(casted monolithically with beams ( = 0.35/r2

2.00

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.0

.85
.08

.80
.09

.75
.11

.70
.12

.65
.14

.60
.16

.55
.18

.50
.21

.45
.25

.40
.29

.35
.35

Marcus) :and values for slabs resting on masonry walls)

and for two way ribbed slabs with complete comp. Flange

2.00
.849
.053

1.9
.830
.063

1.8
.806
.077

1.7
.778
.093

1.6
.746
.113

1.5
.706
.140

1.4
.660
.172

1.3
.606
.212

1.2
.543
.262

1.1
.473
.333

1.00
.396
.396

Grashoff): Values of and For ribbed slabs with non complete)

(Compression flange (cover slab partially omitted

2.00
.914
.059

1.9
.928
.072

1.8
.914
.086

1.7
.893
.107

1.6
.867
.133

1.5
.834
.166

1.4
.797
.203

1.3
.742
.258

1.2
.672
.328

1.1
.595
.405

1.00
.500
.500

:
`b` / a 1.5 < ( O . W. S )
`b` / a 1.5 > ( T . W. S )
:
( ONE WAY SLAB ) - 1
For : t1 = breadth of load perpendicular to the main steel
t2 = breadth of load parallel to the main steel
c = thickness of cohesive flooring
t = slab thickness
S1 = initial breadth for load distribution perpendicular to the main steel
S2 = initial breadth for load distribution parallel to the main steel
Then : S1 = t1 + 2c + t
S2 = t2 + 2c + t

.Tan = 1 for calculating B.M

.Tan = for calculating S.F
Max. distribution width for moment = S1 + As (sec) x L

(As (main
Where As (sec) < 2/3
(As (main
And max. distribution width < S1 + 2 meter
:Where
L = effective span for simply supported slabs
L = distance between inflection lines in continuous slabs
Max. distribution width for shearing force
S1 + As (sec) x L < S1 + L or S1 + 1 meter =
As (main) 3
Or length of slab in direction perpendicular to the main
( TWO WAY SLAB ) - 2
: Concentrated load distribution in 2 directions
`Load in direction a` , Pa` = P b
(a` + b` (6-14
`Load in direction b` , P b` = P a
(a ` + b` (6-15
`Max. breadth of distribution in direction of a` = s2 + 4 a
`Max. breadth of distribution in direction of b
( `S1 + 0.4 a` (2 a =
(b` (6-16
:Calculation of bending moment due to the concentrated load in 2 directions
In direction a` : Pa` is considered distributed on a length (=S2 + 0.4 a`) of the
effective span (a), and a breadth = S1 + 0.4 a` (2- a` ) in the direction
perpendicular
`b
.to direction (a`). That breadth is the breadth considered in the design of the slab
In direction b` : pb` is considered distributed on a length
S1 + 0.4 a` (2- a` ) of the effective span (b) and a breadth = S2 + 0.4 a` in =
`b
.(`the direction perpendicular to direction (b


.

.
: 5 1 6
: 6-1-5-1
Q = R V2 \ 2G
: WHERE
( Q = DYNAMIC WIND PRESSURE ( PSF
( V = MAXIMUM PROBABLE WIND VELOCITY ( FT/sec
( R = DENSITY OF AIR ( 0.08 IB / CV. FT AT 32 F
( G = 32. 2 Ft / sec2 ( ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY
/ 100 6-1-5-2
.

 6-1-5-3 W = Ce CW Q :
= CW :

) (CW ) (CW


0.10 0.30
1.20 1.90

1.60 1.80

0.10 0.50

2.40 2.80

0.10 1.70

= Ce

.
6-1-6 :

:
1 ) : ( EQ
:
EQ = C . F . W
:
EQ .
F
F = 1 .
F = 0.8
W .
C :
C=A.R.S/Z
A: ) (
:

A
0.9
0.22
0.50

= 980 / ( 2
R .
S .
Z .
2 :

) Modal
. ( analysis
6-1-7 :

 400 /
.2
:

) ) / 2
400
300
"
} = } 3.28) / 3 + 30 ({ } 55 ) 3.28 (10.25/
. =
=

7.60
7.60 30.50
. 30.50

400/ 2
6-1-8 :
) ( % 5
.
1.80 .
6-2 :
6-2-1 :
6-2-1-1
) ( FINITE ELEMENT METHOD
6-2-1-2
)(AASHTO SPECIFICATION - SECTION 3.24
6-2-1-3 25 1.10 )
(AASHTO SPECIFICATION - SECTION 3.24
6-2-1-4 ) 28 / ( 2
.
6-2-1-5 5
6-2-1-6 15
6-2-1-7 0.002
412 ) / ( 2
412 ) / ( 2
0.0028 .
6-2-2 :
6-2-2-1
)
.. ( .
6-2-2-2 ) ( EC :
EC = 4700 F/C
EC F/C ) / . ( 2
) ( ES 200.000) / ( 2
6-2-2-3 0.0000099
6-2-2-4 . 0.0002
5-2-2-5
) ( . ) ( HAUNCH
.

 6-2-2-6


6-2-2-7
- 1 ) %
R - R1 / Rb ) 20
) ( R ) ( R - R1 Rb 0.50 Rb
:
B1Fc\ = Rb 0.85 600
fy fy + 600
R = Ratio of nonprestressed tension reinforcement
= As / b d
R1 = Ratio of nonprestressed compression reinforcement
= As1 / b d
Rb = reinforcement ratio producing balanced
. strain condition
6-2-2-8
) ( T .
6-2-2-9
) ( T :
1/4 6-2-2-9-1 .
16 6-2-2-9-2 + .
6-2-2-9-3 .
6-2-2-10 ) ( f :
For Flexure
f = 0.90
For Shear and torsion
f = 0.85
For spirally reinforced compression member
f = 0.75
For tied
f = 0.70
For bearing
f = 0.70
6-2-2-11
bw-d fc\
4fy
) ( bw - d/fy 1.4
:
bw = web width
d = beam depth
fc\ = concrete cylinder compressive strength
fy = steel yield strength
6-2-2-12 ) ( T
bw d fc\
2fy

 b d fc\ = b .
4fy
6-2-2-13 ) (10-2-2-6 ) ( 11-2-2-6
% 30
.
6-2-2-14 :
Rmax = 0.75 Rb
:
= Rb
= Rmax
B1Fc\ = Rmax 0.85 600
fy fy + 600
:
B1 = 0.85 fy 30 ) / (2
B1 = (0.85 \Fc 0.05 (30 30 ) / (2
7
B1 = 0.65
6-2-3 :
6-2-3-1
.
6-2-3-2 ) ( Slenderness

. ACI - 318 - 95
6-2-3-3 % 1
. % 8

 3 - 6 :
6 3 1 :

) 6 . ( 4
) ( Fixed Support
) . ( Hinged Support
) . ( Roller Support
6-3-2 :
) 6 ( 5 :
1 : .
2

.

) (
.

 6 4 :
.
) . ( ACI - Detailing Manua 1994
) ( SI Units ) Metric
( Units


.

 1 ) ( Slab Bridge

 2 ) ( I ) ( Precast I - Beam Bridges

 3 ) I ) ( Prestressed Concrete I -
( Beam Bridges

 4 ) ( Rolled Beam Bridges

 5 ) ( Precast Pretensioned Box Sections Bridges

 6 ) Post - tensioned Concrete Box Girder

( Bridges

 5 - 6 :

.
6-5-1 :
:
6-5-1-1
.
6-5-1-2
6-5-1-2-1
.
6-5-1-2-2

) ( :

 )
(

.
6-5-1-2-3

.
6-5-1-2-4

.


.
6-5-1-2-5


.
6-5-1-2-6

.

.
-6-5-1-2
.
.
6-5-1-2-8

.
6-5-1-2-9
:
6-5-1-2-9-1 .
6-5-1-2-9-2 .
6-5-1-2-9-3 .
6-5-1-2-9-4
.
6-5-1-2-10
:
6-5-1-2-10-1

.
6-5-1-2-10-2
.

 6-5-1-2-10-3
.
6-5-1-2-11

.
6-5-1-2-12



.
6-5-1-2-13
.
.
6-5-1-2-14
.
6-5-1-2-15

.
.




.
6-5-1-2-16

.

) (.
.
6-5-1-2-17
6-5-1-2-17-1
) ( .
.

6-5-1-2-17-2
.
6-5-1-2-17-3
.
6-5-1-2-18


.
.
:

 . . .
.
. % 6
.
) ( .
.
6-5-1-3
:
6-5-1-3-1
6-5-1-3-1-1 10
) 5 10 5
( .
6-5-1-3-1-2
.
6-5-1-3-1-3
). (0.1
6-5-1-3-1-4
.
6-5-1-3-1-5 .
6-5-1-3-1-6 .
6-5-1-3-1-7 .
.
6-5-1-3-1-8 :

2
2

.
6-5-1-3-1-9 :
" . " ....
6-5-1-4
6-5-1-4-1
6-5-1-4-1-1
.

.
6-5-1-4-1-2

.
6-5-1-4-1-3


.
:


.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.
6-5-1-4-1-4
:
.
.
.
.
6-5-1-4-1-5 :
.

.
6-5-1-4-1-6 :
.

 ) "
... " ( .
6-5-1-4-1-7 :
.


.
6-5-1-4-1-8 :

.

.
6-5-1-4-1-9 :

.
6-5-1-4-1-10 :

.
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7 :
. ( Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges ( Thirteenth Edition -1983 - 1
. ( Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete ( ACI 318 - 99 - 2
Irrigation Design ( II ) - Regulators & Barrages - 3
By Prof. Dr. Mohamed Hamdy El - Hateb , Faculty of Engineering
. Cairo University
Reinforced Concrete Design Hand Book , by Prof. Dr. Shaker EL - 4
. ( Behairy , Faculty of Engineering - Ain Shams University ( Six th Edition - 2002
Foundation Engineering for Difficult Sub Soil Condition . by Leonarde - 5
. ( ZEEVAERT ( Second Edition - 1983

Foundation Engineering Hand Book by HANS F . Winterkorn & Hsai - - 6

. YANG FANG
Reinforced Concrete Designer`s Hand Book , by Charles E Reynolds & - 7
( JAMES C Steedman ( Ninth Edition - 1979
ACI Detailing Manual - 1994 - 8
- 9