임베디드 마이크로프로세서

프로그래밍 실전

제작 : 네 로 테 크
강의 : 김 종 형
Embedded AVR Programming

ATMEGA128의 실전Ⅰ

1. Dotmatrix 구동원리
2. Heart 실습
3. Bitman 실습

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Embedded AVR Programming

1-1 Dotmatrix 구동 원리

⊙ LED를 매트릭스(행렬)의 형태로 나열한 것

- 5×7, 8×8, 16×16 등의 매트릭스로 이루어진 것

⊙ 칼라 수에 따라 싱글(single, 단색)또는 멀티(multi, 다색)

⊙ LED를 사용한 디스플레이 장치는 고휘도에 수명이 길다는 장점

⊙ 도트 매트릭스를 구동시키는 방법
- 스태틱구동(static drive)
: 시프트 레지스터의 비트를 LED 갯 수 만큼 준비하고 여기에 데이터를 보내어 점등하는
방식으로 한 번에 모든 LED를 ON/OFF함
- 다이나믹구동(dynamic drive)
: 스캔라인과 데이터라인으로 구성되어 스캔라인에 의해 각 행 또는 열을 1행씩 스캔하면서
데이터라인에 의해 동기된 데이터를 출력하는 방식

⊙ 다이나믹 드라이브방식은 스태틱 드라이브에 비해 휘도가 낮고, 스캔주파수가 낮은 경우에

깜박거림이 일어난다는 점에서는 다소 떨어진다고 할 수 있으나 구동회로가 간단하기 때문에
저가격으로 대화면의 구성에 적합

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Embedded AVR Programming

1-2 Dotmatrix 구조

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Embedded AVR Programming

1-3 Dotmatrix 8*8 회로도

PC7 COL8
PC6 COL7
PC5 COL6
PC4 COL5
PC3 COL4
PC2 COL3
PC1 COL2
PC0 COL1

LED1 LED2 LED3 LED4 LED5 LED6 LED7 LED8

Red Red Red Red Red Red Red Red

PB0 ROW1

LED9 LED10 LED11 LED12 LED13 LED14 LED15 LED16

Red Red Red Red Red Red Red Red

PB1 ROW2

LED17 LED18 LED19 LED20 LED21 LED22 LED23 LED24

Red Red Red Red Red Red Red Red

PB2 ROW3

LED25 LED26 LED27 LED28 LED29 LED30 LED31 LED32

Red Red Red Red Red Red Red Red

PB3 ROW4

LED33 LED34 LED35 LED36 LED37 LED38 LED39 LED40

Red Red Red Red Red Red Red Red

PB4 ROW5

LED41 LED42 LED43 LED44 LED45 LED46 LED47 LED48

Red Red Red Red Red Red Red Red

PB5 ROW6

LED49 LED50 LED51 LED52 LED53 LED54 LED55 LED56

Red Red Red Red Red Red Red Red

PB6 ROW7

LED57 LED58 LED59 LED60 LED61 LED62 LED63 LED64

Red Red Red Red Red Red Red Red

PB7 ROW8

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 Embedded AVR Programming

1-4 Heart 실습 1
☞ 하트 모양을 아래로 쉬프트한 후 다시 원상태로 복귀하는 장면 등을 반복하는 프로그램
#include <mega128.h> flash unsigned char M[1][25]={
#include <delay.h> {1,2,3,4,5,6,8,9,7,6,5,4,3,2,1,12,10,11,10,12,13,1,9,1,0}
};
typedef unsigned char u08;
typedef unsigned int u16; flash unsigned char P[14][8]={

unsigned char line=0; {0x66,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x7E,0x3C,0x18,0x00},

unsigned char patt=0; {0x66,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x7E,0x3C,0x18,0x00},
unsigned char mod=0, num_mod=0; {0x00,0x66,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x7E,0x3C,0x18},
{0x00,0x00,0x66,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x7E,0x3C},
unsigned char time=0; {0x00,0x00,0x00,0x66,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x7E},

unsigned char dir=0; //상하좌우방향결정으로 디스플레이 방향 선택 {0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x66,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF},

unsigned char temp_led, temp_line; {0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x66,0xFF,0xFF},
{0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x66,0xFF},
{0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x66},
/* {0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
배열 P는 각 동작들이 도트 매트릭스에 표시되는 데이터이고(하나하
나의 정지모습) {0x66,0x99,0x81,0x81,0x42,0x24,0x18,0x00},
배열 M은 그 동작들을 순서대로 나열하여 하나의 움직임이 되도록 한 {0x00,0x66,0x99,0x81,0x81,0x42,0x24,0x18},
다. {0x66,0xFF,0xDB,0xC3,0x66,0x3C,0x18,0x00},
*/ {0x66,0xFF,0xFF,0xE7,0x7E,0x3C,0x18,0x00}
};

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 Embedded AVR Programming

1-4 Heart 실습 2
☞ 하트 모양을 아래로 쉬프트한 후 다시 원상태로 복귀하는 장면 등을 반복하는 프로그램
interrupt [TIM0_OVF] void timer0_int(void) void main(void)
{ {
TCNT0 = 0xe3; // reload for 448us ticks(측정값 : 460us) DDRB = 0xff;
DDRC = 0xff;
switch (dir){ //dir에 따라 표시되는 방향을 결정한다. DDRD = 0xff;
case 0: temp_led=1<<(7-line);
temp_line=P[patt][line]; TCCR0 = 0x06; // clk/256
break; TCNT0 = 0xe3;
case 2: temp_led=P[patt][line]; TIMSK = 0x01; // enable TOIE0
temp_line=1<<line; #asm("sei")
break;
case 1: temp_led=P[patt][7-line]; while(1)
temp_line=1<<line; {
break; if(M[mod][num_mod] == 0)
case 3: temp_led=1<<line; {
// temp_led = 0x01 << line; line=0~7까지 행선택 num_mod=0;
temp_line=P[patt][line]; }
break; else{
} patt= M[mod][num_mod]; //움직임 상태 변경
PORTB = ~temp_line; num_mod++;
PORTC = temp_led; //빨강색 출력 }
if(line==7) line=0; delay_ms(200);
else line++; };
} }

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Embedded AVR Programming

1-5 BITMAN 실습 1
☞ BITMAN으로 사람의 움직임을 랜덤하게 표시하는 프로그램
#include <mega128.h> /*
#include <delay.h> 배열 P는 각 동작들이 도트 매트릭스에 표시되는 데이터이고(하나하나의
정지모습)
typedef unsigned char u08; 배열 M은 그 동작들을 순서대로 나열하여 하나의 움직임이 되도록 한다.
typedef unsigned int u16; */

#define DELAY 100 flash unsigned char M[6][25]={

unsigned char line=0; {1,2,3,4,5,6,5,4,3,2,1,7,8,9,10,11,10,9,8,7,1,0,0,0,0},

unsigned char patt=0; {12,13,14,13,12,13,12,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
unsigned char mod=0, num_mod=0; {15,16,17,16,15,18,19,18,15,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{20,21,22,21,20,23,24,23,20,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
unsigned char time=0; {25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,29,30,31,32,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
unsigned char delay=DELAY;
{33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,37,38,39,40,41,42,41,42,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
,0,0}
unsigned char dir=3; };
unsigned char temp_led, temp_line;
unsigned char temp_dir; flash unsigned char P[43][8]={
unsigned int dir_cnt=0;
{0x18,0x18,0x3c,0x5a,0x5a,0x24,0x24,0x66},
unsigned char dir_chk_sw=0; {0x18,0x18,0x3C,0x5A,0x5A,0x24,0x24,0x66},
{0x18,0x18,0x3C,0xDA,0x1A,0x24,0x24,0x66},
unsigned char mov_chk_sw=1; //센서 감지 없으면 움직임 정지. {0x0C,0xCC,0x3C,0x1A,0x1A,0x24,0x26,0x62},
unsigned char mov_chk_cnt=0; {0x8C,0x4C,0x3C,0x1A,0x1A,0x24,0x27,0x60},
unsigned char name_sw=0;

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Embedded AVR Programming
1-5 BITMAN 실습 2
☞ BITMAN으로 사람의 움직임을 랜덤하게 표시하는 프로그램
{0x4C,0x4C,0x3C,0x1A,0x1A,0x24,0x27,0x60},
{0x2C,0x4C,0x3C,0x1A,0x1A,0x24,0x27,0x60},
{0x18,0x18,0x3C,0x5B,0x58,0x24,0x24,0x66},
{0x30,0x33,0x3C,0x58,0x58,0x24,0x24,0x66},
{0x31,0x32,0x3C,0x58,0x58,0x24,0xE4,0x06},
{0x32,0x32,0x3C,0x58,0x58,0x24,0xE4,0x06},
{0x34,0x32,0x3C,0x58,0x58,0x24,0xE4,0x06},
{0x18,0x18,0x3C,0x5A,0x5A,0x24,0x24,0x66},
{0x00,0x18,0x7E,0x99,0x18,0x3C,0x24,0x66},
{0x00,0x00,0xDB,0x3C,0x18,0x3C,0x3C,0x66},
{0x18,0x18,0x3C,0x5A,0x5A,0x24,0x24,0x66},
{0x18,0x18,0x3C,0xDA,0x1A,0x24,0x64,0x06},
{0x30,0x30,0x9C,0x7A,0x19,0x24,0x64,0x06},
{0x18,0x18,0x3C,0x5B,0x58,0x24,0x26,0x60},
{0x0C,0x0C,0x39,0x5E,0x98,0x24,0x26,0x60},
{0x18,0x18,0x3C,0x5A,0x5A,0x24,0x24,0x66},
{0x0C,0x0C,0x7C,0x9A,0x1A,0x24,0x26,0x60},
{0x00,0x06,0xFE,0x1C,0x1A,0x2A,0x28,0x6C},
{0x30,0x30,0x3E,0x59,0x58,0x24,0x64,0x06},
{0x00,0x60,0x7F,0x38,0x58,0x54,0x14,0x36},
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{0x18,0x18,0x3C,0x5A,0x5A,0x24,0x24,0x66},
{0x18,0x18,0x3E,0x59,0x58,0x24,0x26,0x60},
{0x0C,0x0C,0x18,0x3C,0x38,0x14,0x36,0x20},
{0x0C,0x0C,0x38,0x5E,0x58,0x14,0x74,0x46},
{0x0C,0x0C,0x38,0x3E,0x18,0x78,0x50,0x18},
{0x00,0x0C,0x3C,0x58,0x5C,0x16,0x30,0x20},
{0x0C,0x0C,0x78,0x9E,0x1C,0x14,0x76,0x40},
{0x0C,0x0C,0x3F,0x58,0x18,0x34,0x24,0x06},
{0x18,0x18,0x3C,0x5A,0x5A,0x24,0x24,0x66},
{0x18,0x18,0x7C,0x9A,0x1A,0x24,0x64,0x06},
{0x30,0x30,0x18,0x3C,0x1C,0x28,0x6C,0x04},
{0x30,0x30,0x1C,0x7A,0x1A,0x28,0x2E,0x62},
{0x30,0x30,0x7C,0x1A,0x18,0x16,0x12,0x30},
{0x30,0x30,0x1C,0x7C,0x18,0x1E,0x0A,0x18},
{0x00,0x30,0x3C,0x1A,0x3A,0x68,0x0C,0x04},
{0x30,0x30,0x1E,0x79,0x38,0x28,0x6E,0x02},
{0x30,0x30,0xFC,0x1A,0x18,0x2C,0x24,0x60},
{0x30,0x30,0x3E,0x58,0x1C,0x24,0x26,0x60}
};
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Embedded AVR Programming

1-5 BITMAN 실습 3
☞ BITMAN으로 사람의 움직임을 랜덤하게 표시하는 프로그램
interrupt [TIM0_OVF] void timer0_int(void) interrupt [TIM2_OVF] void timer2_ovf_isr(void)
{ //움직임을 바꾸기 위한 타이머 사용(랜덤함수와 유사)
TCNT0 = 0xe3; // reload for 448us ticks(측정값 : 460us) {
TCNT2 = 0xdf; // reload for 2.048ms ticks(측정값 : 2.12ms)
switch (dir){ //dir에 따라 표시되는 방향을 결정한다. time++;
case 0: temp_led=1<<(7-line); if(mov_chk_sw==1 && time >= delay ) //(측정값 : 214ms)
temp_line=P[patt][line]; {
break; time=0;
case 2: temp_led=P[patt][line];
temp_line=1<<line; if(M[mod][num_mod] == 0) { //움직임 종류 변경
break; mod= TCNT0%6;
case 1: temp_led=P[patt][7-line]; num_mod=0;
temp_line=1<<line; mov_chk_cnt++;
break;
case 3: temp_led=1<<line; if(mov_chk_cnt == 10) {
temp_line=P[patt][line]; mov_chk_sw=0;
break; mov_chk_cnt=0;
} }
}
PORTB = ~temp_line; else {
PORTC = temp_led; //빨강색 출력 patt= M[mod][num_mod]; //움직임 상태 변경
num_mod++;
if(line==7) line=0; if(delay<= DELAY) delay++;
else line++; }
} }
}

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Embedded AVR Programming

1-5 BITMAN 실습 4
☞ BITMAN으로 사람의 움직임을 랜덤하게 표시하는 프로그램
void main(void)
{
DDRA = 0x00;
PORTA = 0xff;

DDRB = 0xff;
DDRC = 0xff;
DDRD = 0xff;

TCCR0 = 0x06; // clk/256

TCCR2 = 0x05; // clk/1024
TCNT0 = 0xe3;
TCNT2 = 0x00;
TIMSK = 0x41; // enable TOIE2, TOIE0

#asm("sei")

while(1)
{ };
}

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