1

 
:
.      .    .
.&!"# $
 !%    .  !"# $
 !%.
.'() *
  -+ ,
+ . .'
 () *
  .
.1-) / 0 -+ ,
+ . ..
 -) / 0 .
.)  /3 5
+ !4  . .2
 )  /3 .
.<!8# :9 ; 5
+ !4  . .7
6 !8# :9 ; .
.B> ? @ A
+ %+,
4
. .=
 > ? @.
.><F DE A
+ %+,
4
. .> <C DE .



      

1. the Crowed / (is) intense 1. the crowed was intense

2. the house is clean 2. the house was clean
3. the cloth/dress is short. 3. the cloth/dress become short.
4. the cold is sever. 4. the cold become sever.
5. the servant is strong. 5. (not to be)/ the servant is not strong.
6. the worker is active/energetic 6. the worker is not active/energetic
7. the glutton is seek 7. the glutton Become seek (this morning)
8. the weather is rainy 8. the weather become rainy (this morning)
 :1

.%;H :9 ; JI
+ 4
 . .G
 ;H :9 ; .
.N OKL > M JI
+ 4
 .:6 KL > M
.&!  FP JR
+Q4
 . !  FP
.T/ S
 -8 JR
+Q4
 ? / S
 -8
.>U > <V X:W .> U > <V
.>YZ - %P X:W .> YZ - %P
.[H \
 %(V ]
+ K+ . . [H \
 %(V .
.V^H =
 >V ]
+ K+ . .? ^H =
 >V .

:_R%
Each example is made of a Subject and a

Predicate (
H% and 0 ) that are S`> as you

know. Then if you examine the same examples

after introducing one the verbs:

1

      

9. the employee is troublesome/annoying 9. the employee become annoying (lately)

10. the flower is withered 10. the flower turned withered (this afternoon)
11. the cloud is dense. 11. the cloud become dense (this forenoon).
12. the road is crowded. 12. the road become crowded (this forenoon).
13. the rain is heavy. 13. the rain continued (to fall) heavy (for the day).
14. the dust is agitated. 14. the dust keep on agitated (for the day).
15. the lamp is flaming. 15. the lamp stayed flaming (overnight).
16. the sick is suffering (pain). 16. the seek stayed suffering pain (overnight).
  - -, - 5! -A%,
-JI
- JRQ
-:W -]K – -, 
you will find, in all examples, that the first noun
:W JRQ
JI
A%,
5!
(stays) S`>, whereas the second noun

(becomes) *(@. The reason of this change is

that we have added one of the verbs mentioned

earlier. Thus if one these verbs are added to a

Subject and its Predicate, the subject stays S`>

and it is called “a- Noun of the Verb-“, whereas

the Predicate becomes *(@ and it is called

“M0 - the Predicate of the Verb”. Note that the

same rule applies when the above mentioned

verbs are in present and order forms (S-BV and

>) except the verb 5! which does not accept

S-B or >
. If you examine the meaning of each

verb in the examples you will find that  means

that the subject is characterized by the predicate

in the past, and -, means that the subject

changed from one state to another state, and 5!

means negation, whereas -A%,

-JI
-JRQ
-:W -

]K - means that the subject is characterized by

the predicate, at a specific day time, respectively,

to be in the: morning, afternoon, forenoon, day

and night.
 :b[
c G(@ a JFI d e`>H` 03
H%V Jb  :  .
.M0 JFI
]K :W JRQ
 JI
 A%,
 5! -, [ F!`  : .
. ]
d;` fgM JFI
{5!} ij JQV :Fb OF; >
 S-B d;` fgM k :;` :h .
.>
i S-B @ J^ O`


18. The verb  (to be) when affixed/added to a subject (

H%V) and its predicate
(03) it makes (
H%V) -the subject- S`> and it is called “- ?1 name of the
verb to be-“, and it makes the (03) - the predicate- *(@ , and it is called
“-  0 - the predicate of the verb to be-“.

19. Similarly to the verb  the same rule applies to all other equivalent verbs
]K n :W nJRQ
nJI
nA%,
n5! n-, called " ]
”.
20. All these verbs can have S-B and >
to whish the same rule (of JQV (no.
18). above) applies, except 5! it can have neither S-B nor >
.

Additional Note:
13-1. These verbs are often called in Arabic: ()@ d;`, literarily Modal Verbs. In fact,
these verbs grammatically behave as English Modal Verbs (e.g. must, should, etc.)
13-2. In English Modals need verbal complement (e.g. you must study), but not in Arabic.
13-3. As shown in the two examples hereafter, some of these verbs can take the form of
a perfect verb (example 1).
{$) d / s;t ur v#  :;` A%,
@M} .A%,
p EIV q :r> _h .
1- He stayed in the mosque till the morning come. {here is a perfect verb referring to the
  

time}
13-4. Another brother of verb  is (as long as) see example 3.    

q :(H 'FQ ::b& u . x

  :Fb :F; 2
y)# :;` @M /  ."! $
 /  w   wO(K c,
 " .
.RH&K *(@ /  0 :!  ./  ?1 e`- :z
                                         !  "       #  $   %      & '    ( ) * + ,    - #   

   .        /   # 0 1 + 2         3   4 # /  # 0 ( ) * + ,   5 6 + 7 8 ) 9 + :                 + ; < = 
 ]@>{
1
:!} :F~ qx  h 0  ?1 : |K .
٥ ١
٦ ٢
٧ ٣
٨ ٤
2
.!`€ „ F+ €  ‚: 9 > € ƒ : h€ 4  n!} :F~ k Fr ‚: 9 J b+  : € /4
 .
٧ ٤ ١
٨ ٥ ٢
٩ ٦ ٣
3
.!`€ „ F+ €  ‚: 9 > € ƒ : h€ 4  n!} :F~ k Fr ‚: 9 Jb+ -, : € /4
 .
٧ ٤ ١
٨ ٥ ٢
٩ ٦ ٣



 %      0     4 # /             # 0     - #        .    .  #      

1. was / Pn / courageous (brave). 5. is not / the field (arena) / wide (spacious).

2. become / the horse / hungry. 6. become / the rich / poor.
3. become / the first / last.. 7. become / the prisoner / free.
4. stayed / the dog / sleep. 8. stayed / the grape / abundant (plentiful).
2
 : h€ 4

 %                  .   #      #     !          # 0     #   

1. the guard / awake. 4. the basin (pond) / full. 7. the door / open.
2. the year / hot. 5. the key / lost (missing). 8. the servant / sleep.
3. the horse / saddled. 6. the fume (smoke) / rising. 9. the Nile (water level) / low.
3
-, : h€ 4

  %                  .   #      #     !          # 0     #   

1. the tree / leafy (green). 4. the air / cold (chilly). 7. the weather / hot.
2. the fruit / ripe . 5. the moon / eclipsed. 8. the water / clear (pure, tranquil).
3. the light / weak. 6. the place / dark. 9. the male sheep / fat.
 1
.!`€ „ F+ €  ‚: 9 > € ƒ : h€ 4  n!} :F~ k Fr ‚: 9 Jb+ 5! : € /4
 .
٧ ٤ ١
٨ ٥ ٢
٩ ٦ ٣

.!`€ „ F+ €  ‚: 9 > € ƒ : h€ 4  n!} :F~ k Fr ‚: 9 Jb+ A%,

: € /4
 . 2

٧ ٤ ١
٨ ٥ ٢
٩ ٦ ٣

::h8K xF >  7%Q † !} :F~ ?{ . 3

٥ ١
٦ ٢
٧ ٣
٨ ٤

1
5! : h€ 4

 %                  .   #      #     !          # 0     #   

1. the construction / strong. 4. the sinful / afraid. 7. the wall / inclined.

2. the meal / delicious (tasty). 5. the air / clean. 8. the cat / hungry.
3. the matter / easy. 6. the kid / seek. 9. the cord / strong.

2
A%,
: h€ 4

 %                  .   #      #     !          # 0     #   

1. the cock / crowing. 4. the bird / singing. 7. the rose / booming.

2. the crop / wet. 5. the yogurt (leben) / fatty (thick). 8. the student / active.
3. the water / frozen. 6. the fog / dense. 9. the Nile / flooding.

3   #          0 #   #    $             #          # 0     #    

1. was / the governor (judge) / …………….. 5. stayed / the justice / ……………...

2. become / the enemy / ……………... 6. stayed / the injustice / ……………...
3. is not / the medicine / …………….... 7. become / the prisoner / ……………...
4. become / the violet flower / ……………... 8. become / the rain / ……………...
 1
::h8K w>  7%Q ‡3 hV q ˆg‰ ?1i eQK !} :F~ ?{
.
٥ ١
٦ ٢
٧ ٣
٨ ٤

A%,
Œ -, Œ  Œ :k S-BV Jb F@ |H@Z : :FH8 :Š ‹  . 2

. – ]K –
:u8#Ž q k>{. 3
.hK @ Š : H% _!‘ ~ , q :Š 5  .
.A%,^K @ Š : H% _!‘ uV , q :Š 5  .
.5!K @ Š : H% _!‘ *Hh , q :Š 5  .
.:"K @ Š : H% _!‘ OIh , q :Š 5  .
.JI^K @ Š : H% _!‘ :; , q :Š 5  .

1   #          0 #   #    $             #          # 0     #    

1. was / ……………../ despotic. 5. stayed / ……………... / spread.

2. is not / ……………../ shameful.. 6. stayed / ……………... / despotic.
3. stayed / ……………..../ suffering pain. 7. become / ……………... / free.
4. become / …………….... / happy. 8. become / …………….. / heavy.

2
8. Make 8 sentences to contain the ‫رع‬4567‫ ا‬of the verbs: Œ ]K Œ A%,
Π-, Π (2 sentences
for each) in the given order.
3
9. Exercise of composition/essay:
1- Compose 5 sentences in the subject of weather, each starting with ‫ن‬4‫آ‬.
2- Compose 5 sentences in the subject of water, each starting with >?@‫أ‬.
3- Compose 5 sentences in the subject of book, each starting with BC7.
4- Compose 5 sentences in the subject of lease (person), each starting with DE.
5- Compose 5 sentences in the subject of worker, each starting with FG‫أﻡ‬.
 1
*>bi q k>{ .
:’L“ Œ

.>Y1 -<[ $!% . .%!K” G@; -, .

.S`> S-B :;` Œ$!% .•Q :;` Œ-,
.S`> $!% ?1 Œ- <[ .S`> -, ?1 ŒG
 @;
.*(@ $!% 0 Œ>Y1 .*(@ -, 0 Œ%!K”

:!} :F~ *>b

Œ*
.!b u@%  . .-Ih ’r 5! .
.EYM >R% $!% . .`r /V A%( .

1
10. Exercise of Syntax:
A- Examples: 1- the grape become raisin., 2- the train stayed running (overnight).

B- conjugate the following sentences:

1- the glass is not broken, 2- the building (construction) was high
3- the ink (will) become dry, 4- the sea (will) stay agitated overnight.