ChapLer 8SalL

And
ChapLer 9
ManufacLured
SubsLances ln lndusLry

nameMuhd Syaflrul 8ln Pallm
Class4 ure Sclence





ChapLer 8
SalL





1Soluble and lnsoluble SalL
salL soluble lnsoluble
nlLraLe salL All nlLraLe salL
CarbonaLe
salL
oLasslum
carbonaLek
2
Co
3
Ammonlum
carbonaLe(nP
4
)
2
Co
3
Sodlum
carbonaLena
2
Co
3

All oLher
carbonaLe salL
Chlorlde
salL
All chlorlde salL
LxcepL
Lead(ll)
ChlorldebCl
2
Sllver
Chlorlde AgCl
Mercury
Chlorlde PgCl
SulphaLe
salL
All sulphaLe salLs
LxcepL
Lead(ll)
SulphaLebSC
4

8arlum
SulphaLe8aSC
4
Calclum
SulphaLeCaSC
4

2reparaLlon of Soluble SalLs












Soluble
salL
Sodlum salL
oLasslum
salL
Ammonlum
salL
Acld +AlkallSalL+WaLer
Acld+MeLalSalL+Pydrogen Cas
Acld +MeLal CarbonaLeSalL+WaLer+CC
2

Acld +MeLal CxldesalL+waLer

reparaLlon of Soluble salLna
2
SC
4

Lxample 1

lrom naCP(Alkall) + lrom P
2
SC
4
(Acld)

neuLrallzaLlon
1|trat|on method Lvaporat|on Method
Acld+Alkall

coo||ng


f||trat|on

dry|ng




1he mlxLure ls heaLed
unyll 1/3 of lLs soluLlon
lefL
ulluLe SalL
SoluLlon
SaLuraLed salL soluLlon
SalL CrysLals ls
saLuraLed salL soluLlon
SalL CrysLals ury salL crysLal
Dr|ed wlLh fllLer paper
SalL crysLal are fllLered
and rlnsed wlLh a llLLle
cold dlsLllled waLer
na
2
So
4

reparaLlon of Soluble salLMgSC
4
Lxample 2


lrom MgC
(MeLal oxlde) +
l8CM P
2
SC
4(Acld)
I||trat|on Lvaporat|on



Dry|ng I||trat|on Coo||ng


Lhe mlxLure ls
heaLed unLll 1/3 of
lLs soluLlon lefL
ulluLe salL soluLlon
MeLal oxlde+ Acld
saLuraLed salL
soluLlon
SalL crysLals ln
saLuraLed salL
soluLlon
SalL crysLals
ury salL
crysLal
urled wlLh
fllLer paper

SalL crysLal are
fllLered and rlnsed
wlLh a llLLle cold
dlsLllled waLer
Mg
So
4

3reparaLlon of lnsoluble salL
An lnsoluble salL ls prepared Lhrough
preclplLaLlon reacLlon
Aqueous soluLlon conLalnlng Lhe lons of Lhe
lnsoluble salL are mlxed LogeLher Lo form Lhe
salL
1he lnsoluble salL ls formed as preclplLaLe and
can be obLalned by fllLraLlon
Lxample
8aCl
2
(AC)+na
2
SC
4
(AC)8aSC
4
(S)+2naCl(AC)
lnsoluble salL can be prepared by double
decomposlLlon reacLlon Lhrough preclplLaLlon


41esL for AnlCnS
AnlCnS 1LS1
1CarbonaLe lons CC
3
2
our 3cm
3
of aqueous
carbonaLe soluLlon lnLo a
LesL Lube
Add 2cm
3
hydrochlorlc
acldPCl
8ubble of Lhe gas
produced Lhrough
llmewaLer
Llme waLer Lurned mllky

2Chlorlde lonsCl our abouL 2cm
3
of
aqueous chlorlde
soluLlon lnLo LesL Lube
Add 2cm
3
nlLrlc
acldPnC
3

Add 2cm
3
of sllver
nlLraLe soluLlon AgnC
3

A whlLe preclplLaLe ls
formed wlLh sllver nlLraLe
soluLlon

3SulphaLe lons SC
4
2
our 2cm
3
of aqueous
sulphaLe soluLlon lnLo
LesL Lube
Add 2cm
3
Pydrochlorlc
acldPCl
Add 2cm
3
of 8arlum
Chlorlde8aCl
2

A whlLe preclplLaLe ls
formed wlLh 8arlum
Chlorlde soluLlon
4nlLraLe lons nC
3

our abouL 2cm

3
of
aqueous nlLraLe soluLlon
lnLo LesL Lube
Add2cm
3
Sulphurlc
acldP
2
SC
4

Add 2cm
3
of lron(ll)
SulphaLele
2
SC
4

SlanL Lhe LesL Lube and
add slowly concenLraLed
sulphurlc acldP
2
SC
4

down Lhe slde of Lhe LesL
Lubeuo noL shake Lhe
LesL Lube
A brown rlng ls formed

1esL
1PeaLlng Lhe solld




1esL 2 Add PnC
3

1esL 2Add dlluLe acld

1esL 2Add leSC
4
dlluLe P
2
SC
4
1esL 3Add PnC
3
and AgnC
3





unknown solld anlon
Cas evolves Lurn llme
waLer mllky no gas evolves
Solld salL[ salL soluLlon
Cas evolves and Lurn llme
waLer cloudy
Cas llghL up a glowlng
spllnLer an a brown gas
evolved
anlon soluLlon
Anlon LesL
no preclplLaLe
8rown rlng
WhlLe preclplLaLe
anlon soluLlon
Cas evolves an decolorlzed
acldlfled soluLlon
WhlLe preclplLaLe
1esL 2Add
PnC
3
and
8a(nC
3
)
2




31esL for CA1lCn
8eacLlon wlLh naCP soluLlon CaLlons

8eacLlon wlLh nP
3
soluLlon
1nP
3
gas evolves when
heaLed
nP
4

28lue preclplLaLe lnsoluble
ln excess naCP
Cu
2+
8lue preclplLaLe ln excess nP3(AC)
Lo form a dark blue soluLlon
3Creen preclplLaLe lnsoluble
ln ln excess naCP
le
2+
Creen preclplLaLe lnsoluble ln
excess nP
3
(AC)
48rown preclplLaLe lnsoluble
ln excess naCP
le
3+
8rown preclplLaLe lnsoluble ln excess
nP
3
(AC)
3WhlLe preclplLaLe lnsoluble
ln excess naCP
Ca
2+
no preclplLaLe forms
6WhlLe preclplLaLe |nso|ub|e
ln excess naCP
Mg
2+
WhlLe preclplLaLe |nso|ub|e ln excess
nP
3
(AC)
7WhlLe preclplLaLe so|ub|e
ln excess naCP
Zn
2+
WhlLe preclplLaLe so|ub|e ln excess
nP
4
(AC)
8WhlLe preclplLaLe soluble
ln excess naCP
Al
3+
WhlLe preclplLaLe lnsoluble ln excess
nP
4
(AC)
9WhlLe preclplLaLe soluble
ln excess naCP
b
2+
WhlLe preclplLaLe lnsoluble ln excess
nP
4
(AC)




ConflrmaLlon 1esL
CaLlons ConflrmaLory LesL CbservaLlon
le
2+
Add acldlc oLasslum ManganaLe
(vll) soluLlon kMno
4

Add k
4
le(Cn)
6

Add k
3
le(Cn)
6

urple color of soluLlon
decolorlzed
LlghL blue preclplLaLe
uark blue preclplLaLe
le
3+
Add oLasslum 1hlcyanaLekSCn
Add k
4
le(Cn)
6
Add k
3
le(Cn)
6

8lood red soluLlon formed
uark blue preclplLaLe
Creenlsh brown soluLlon
b
2+
Add oLasslum lodlde soluLlon kl
Add oLasslum Chlorlde soluLlon
kCl
Add oLasslum SulphaLe SoluLlon
k
2
SC
4

?ellow preclplLaLe
WhlLe preclplLaLe

WhlLe preclplLaLe
nP
4
+
Add nessler 8eageL 8rown preclplLaLe formed



ChapLer 9
ManufacLure
SubsLances ln
lndusLry