Advanced Biology

The Cell
Overview: The Importance of Cell
 All organisms are made of cells
 The cell is the simplest collection of matter
that can live
Two Types of Cells
 Prokaryotic – simple
 Eukaryotic – complex

9.1
 Comparing Prokaryotic and
Eukaryotic Cells
 Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have several
basic features in common
 They are bounded by a plasma membrane
 They contain a semifluid substance called the
cytosol
 They contain chromosomes
 They all have ribosomes

9.1
 Comparing Prokaryotic and
Eukaryotic Cells
 Prokaryotic cells
 Do not contain a nucleus or membrane-bound
organelles
 Have their DNA located in a region called
the nucleoid (no nucleus)
 Eukaryotic cells
 Contain a true nucleus, bounded by a
membranous nuclear envelope
 Contain numerous organelles
 Are larger than prokaryotic cells
9.1
 Cell Size
 Cell size is limited by the
needs of cell metabolism
 Smaller cells have more
surface area per unit of
volume

9.2
Cell Size

9.2
Internal Membranes
 Eukaryotic cells have extensive and
elaborately arranged internal membranes,
which form compartmentalized organelles

9.3
Animal
Cell
Plant
Cell
The Nucleus

9.4-9.6
Ribosomes

9.7
 Smooth and Rough
Endoplasmic
Reticulum

9.8
Golgi Apparatus
9.9/9.10
Lysosomes

9.11
endocytosis
Vacuoles

9.12
 Mitochondria

9.13
 Chloroplasts

9.13
Peroxisomes

9.14
 Cytoskeleton

9.15
 Cytoskeleton and transport

9.15
 Cytoskeleton and support

One Intestinal Epithelial Cell

9.15
 Centrosome

9.16
 Cilia and Flagella

9.17
 Cilia and Flagella

9.17
 Plant Cell Wall

9.18
 Plasmodesmata

9.20
 Extracellular Matrix

9.19
 Intracellular
Junctions

9.20
 QuickTimeª and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.

Cheek Cell LAB

• Does the stain enter the cell?

• The structure of methylene blue is shown above. Could

methylene blue enter the cell through the lipid bilayer? If not,
how did it get in the cell?

• Name the organelles that you see in your cheek cells. Give
their functions.

• Draw and label a sketch of two or three of your cheek cells.