Engineering Materials

Devendra Kumar Assistant Professor MED, SET Sharda University

Mechanical Properties of materials

Strength Stiffness Elasticity Plasticity Ductility Malleability Brittleness Toughness Hardness
Resilience Machinability Creep Fatigue

Selection of material
Most important step Serves desired purpose at minimum cost Availability Cost Mechanical properties Manufacturing consideration

BIS system of designation of steel

55C4 40C8 25C12S14 20C12Pb15

Free Cutting Steel

Contains carbon, manganese and sulphur, due to addition of sulphur(0.08 to 3%) machinability increases.
Machinability:- the ease with which component can be machined.
Ease of chip formation Good surface finish Economic tool life

Plain Carbon Steel

Low Carbon Steel
Less than 0.3% of carbon

Medium Carbon Steel

Carbon in the range of 0.3% to 0.5% Also termed as Machinery Steel

High Carbon Steel

More than 0.5% of Carbon Also called hard or tool steel Example:- 7C4,10C4,30C4, 40C4,50C4,55C4, 60C4, 65C4

Alloy Steel
Steel to which elements other than carbon are added to improve wearing resistance, corrosion resistance, electrical and magnetic properties which cannot be obtain in plain carbon steel.
Nickel:- strength and toughness, contains 2to5%Ni Chromium:- hardness with high strength and high elastic limit, contains 0.5 to 2%Cr A Nickel chrome steel contains 3.25%Ni, 1.55%Cr and 0.25% Carbon

Conti
Tungsten:- prohibits the grain growth, increases the depth of hardening of quenched steel, 3 to 18% W and 0.2 to 1.5% C. Vanadium:- for fine grain structure in tool steel, 0.2% Vanadium. The chrome vanadium steel-contains 0.5to1.5%Cr, 0.15 to 0.3% V, and 0.13 to 1.1% C. Manganese:- Improves strength in hot rolled and heat treated condition, contains 1.5%Mn Silicon:-strength and hardness without lowering the ductility. Molybdenum:- hardness and wear resistance, contains (0.15 to 0.30%) Mo, Cr and Mn (0.5 to 0.8%)

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