Ondes lectromagntiques

et transmission
dinformations
:


Ondes lectromagntiques et transmission
dinformations

-1
-2
-3
-4
-5

RLC








( : ) RC

multiplieur

LC

:
AM
FM
SW

AM FM SW

Modem




.
:
AM FM -


Morse : 1832
Bell : 1876
1873 :Maxwell
1889 :Hertz
1890 :Popov
1895 :Marconi
1930
1962
1946
1970
1969
1991 GSM

: LC


E
B


f)Hz( 3.1020

3.1014

3.1017

3.1011

3.108

EHF SHF UHF THF HF

3.105
MF

BF

VISIBLE
R

10-12

RX

UV

10-9

IR

10-5

10-3

103

)m(


C=3.108ms-1

T f ((=C.T


Transmission dinformation

:


( )



-1:

Cbles coaxiaux
Les fibres optiques
-2 ()Latmosphre Le vide



()

Dbit

Paires torsade

Cbles coaxiaux

Fibres optiques

Maintenance Installation Protection

Cot


IR Laser

tlcommande : ... ...
D.IR PD.IR


IR Laser

:
1994
2,4GHz-2,8GHz


IR Laser

fmax

fmin

:
f = fmax fmin



20Hz f 20KHz
3.1014Hz f 7,5.1014Hz

>100 KHz

>100MHz

>1GHz

variable


: , , : 102Hz 104Hz ( - - -)...,

- ((= /2 L

Modem

Atmosphre



A fs
s)s)t( = SmCos)2fs t +s :

)p)t( = PmCos)2fpt+p

:



(AM )1920

) p)t( =Pm)t(Cos)2fpt+p
(FM )1939

) p)t( = PmCos)2fp)t(t+p

)p)t( = PmCos)2fpt+p))t

AM : : Amplitude Modulation 335KHz - 1700KHz

FM : : Frequency Modulation 88MHz - 108MHz
Short Waves 5,9MHz - 26,1MHz

SW : :

680KHz


: AD633
3
AD6 3

Multiplieur


: AD633

HF
Sortie
BF


s)t( = SmCos)2f)t :
()BF

()HF

p)t( = PmCos)2fp)t :
:

U0

U0


(p)t( = PmCos)2fpt

(Us)t(=Kx[s)t(+U0]xp)t

s)t(=SmCos)2fst(+U0


((Us)t( = Kx[s)t(+U0]x)PmCos)2fpt
(= KPm[s)t(+U0]Cos)2fpt
(= a[s)t(+b] Cos)2fpt
(= Um)t( Cos)2fpt
Us))t )s)t

)s)t

Umax

Umin = KPm)-Sm+U0(

Umin

Umax = KPm)Sm+U0(

Umax - Umin = 2KPmSm

=m

:
m<1
fp >> fs

Sm<U0
fp 10fs

:
m>1

( )Sm>U0

m=1

( )Sm=U0

m<1
Sm<U0

m=1
Sm=U0

m>1
Sm>U0



:
s)t( + U0 :

Us))t :

: XY

(Us)t(=f)s)t(+U0



m<1 : Sm<U0

XY

m=1 Sm= U0
X

XY

m>1 Sm>U0
X

XY


AM
Us)t(=Kx[s)t(+U0]x)PmCos2fpt(
= KPm[SmCos2fst+U0]Cos2fpt
= KPmU0[mCos2fst+1]Cos2fpt
= ACos2fpt + AmCos2fst Cos2fp
= ACos2fpt + Am/2Cos 2)fp+fs(t + Am/2Cos2)fp-fs(t

: Us))t

fp - fs

fp + fs

fp


AM
(U)V

f = 2f :

A
s

Am/2
(f)Hz

fp + fs

fp

fp - f s

fp

][p fs , fp + fsf

 Dmodulation

BF HF
:
: )p)t
U0

Us

 Dmodulation
RC

Us
Us

Us
Us

 Dmodulation
Redressement

Us

Dmodulation

Us)t(=K[s)t(+U0]p)t(

s)t(+U0

U0

 Dmodulation

s)t(+U0

(Us)t

Tp<<=RC<Ts

 Dmodulation
:

(s)t

s)t(+U0

U0

:
-

( )