RRR RD DN Bs 11 diteace bwecn ins Kim 1985, and Davies eta People who hae a word fo ge fl ose the tat are he color of grass and ngs that re he it label chunks ofthe physical pect of ears i we adjectival modifers of gra 0 exper ne ieee within he bie green spectrum In Nae areata Ea doo'ch o “sy proc.” and green i tddgo dotah te “ate, fe" (Onvad Wer penal commnicaon), tis ees etae one eta char of, Sjructured Interviewing: Cultural Domain Analysi lors than sa, engineering major satal wold goes along a call diferences ia ow people eu the yack in anthropology. Lewis Henty Morgan stoic systems of kinship nomenclature. His work (1997 [ISTO ase tat someone sey “This my ster.” you can't nun tt ey ha the same moter and father. Lots of diferent people can be cae ete depending onthe kinship system nhs work wit the Muray Islanders (nthe Tes Stat between Ausalia and Papua New Guinea) and then ater withthe Toda of souhees Ine a H.R. Rivers developed the genelogial method—theseeg-cenied pps {or organizing kinship data that we take fr grated day as any chee ‘ccutely and systematically the inventory of Lin ems na lps (to 1906, 1910, 1968 1914}; se also River's workin vol 6 of Halden T9012 1935), Anthropologists sso noticed very early thal, although Kinship systems id be unique to cach cuture—which would mean that hte we op aes cedearal Detiade Aalst) tothen—they simply weren't. Alfie Krocber showed in 1909 at ju eg features were needed to distinguish Kinship terms in any sytem: (1) whee Citceydarain amas te ty oftow people group hin abot pene an then refed tone occas gen ne abe bane, at somehow go gsr The canbe las of physica, | (2) the relative age of people whe ae of the ae pore aig age ae geal, animals, symptoms of lessor conceal | 2Ouge bar. for amples) wheter de eee eet inaterer tn (1, emetons. The goals o understand how pepe | oan eaves) wheter he penes ntoeeaie an eee ny es tbls) inte the content of domains ditfe_|_guiel elaine: (9) wheter teats mal hee eae Baeessccice Speake is male or female; 7) whether the person who links the paket and 2 ea eof xa as snl physica eaiy ta you | the elie i ae or females tad (@) weber te nee eT Fo. Ranma ate. Some peoples across the world, however Xhosa, v- | speaker andthe eave i aie or dead Bis win sti slot aco pil secrum of prensa | "Row ion oly chow Wino rot say of te eek enjoins set 20s, 1 Rite or camel te werd sna, dia | casa chor among te eakeescer tek eae ence Newlo its doct'eh Linguists who sty this phenomenon calli ener | cocet e= 6361 Eins of ep pete her ate ee 20Derr Gilet ander), mos systes (he bins Yk of Niger. te ais Sfihe mr’ Kishi syne aa Healan, Sudanese, Omaha, Eskimo, Grow, and Iroquois types that you seid in Anthropology 101— mpc at ny Enon of pone Ths iret nclesViag Rach systems lod to methods for discovering seuof bras in otc donmins, ite Link of fds, things oo on the weeks fad tad name for etme pos, city words, names fe lines ee. Bonn nas mes ong her ne lingo sin insffom data that informants supply about wht ges with what show you Bow wuld tk tonnes in Chapt 18 when we peo methods oa ying qualia Hewat to fcs on methods for oti it shite arg eles ttm aks dna tod people's ideas abou what goes with what These methods incloe fee Tiss tmene frames tid test ple sorts, pued comparisons rankings and ring snes. Te et f hese, ating sacs is major feld of mesuroent 11 icf and soi ges Hs ova chaper, ghar i ne Beads copnive smbroploy hese meds ae sed markt seach tude foe neg of yb vss poplin sew caroptons ke asunoo, esther seat psenge side st bs so Two things make stctred interviewing methods ve productive Fst they are fant administer and Fon for pope to do. Secon, AnthoPac sot wae makes iteasy 0 cole and analyze dt sing these ecnigues Bort 19324, 1992). Free Listing Free listing deceptive simple but powelechig ne sting you ss inom “tal he X you ay sbout or is "at ins of X ace thee?™ where X igh be movies, ands of computes o Kinds of ot eis You'd e suprised at how much jou cn la fom a humble se of fe ss Henly (1969) asked 2 ale Americans (students lbs Hopkins Universiy) to mame s many animals as they could in 10 minutes She found 4 emus varity of expeise when icone o naming anna In at tis smal group of informants (whch did't even represent te population of Johns Hopkin University, much less that of Balimore o of he Unied Sts) he its aged in engi rom 2 9 10, with medon of 35 Infact those 2 people named 423 ferent animals with 75 bang met Sioned just oe. The mos poplar animals forts rou of informa ee | Pe NN) Siractred Interienng Cara Doma Analyis a ee lon ca, horse and tiger, all of which were named by mare tan $0% of informants. Only 29 animals were listed by more than haf the iforante toy 32% of those were manna By conta among the 175 animal ramet oy once, just 27% were mammals, Bul there's moe. reviosrescrch hd shown hat the 12 most commonly utked about animals in American speech are bear, ct, cow. der dop pag fare, lion, mows, pig rabbit, and seep. Tere afe NIN IP, ope bie uniaue pairs of 12 animals (dog-at, dg det, arseton, mouse pig ony Henley examined each informants list of animals and found the ite the order of listing foreach ofthe 66 pats, That is fan informant mentioned goat 12h on he ist and bears 32nd, then the distance between gots and bear, for that informant was 30 19 20, Henley normalized these distances (that, she divided each distance by the length ofan informants lis, and multiplied by 100) and elelaed ie svrage distance, overall the informants, or each of the 69 pains ef ana The lowest mean distance was between sheep and goat (1.8) Ifyou rowed sheep, then the next hing you named was probably goats, o if Sou renee 2a fist then next thing you named was probably sheep. Most peshen of English and all other major Western languages, foe that mater han bead te ression “Thal separate the sheep fom the gos," This adage of Wester por for distinguishing the righteous fom the ticked, an then became a metaphor for separating the strong fom the wea The first meaning was mentioned in the OM Testamen (Ezekiel 34:17) and hen again aound 600 years ltr in the New Testament (Mathew 25:13), Nowadays, you might hear someone say “Boy, tha'l separate the shee rom the goats” on thee way out ofa elculs exar, Henleys respondents wee nether shepherds nor tens of Wester ei. tural lore, but they all knew that sheep and goats somehow "go together ee tists tell you what goes with what, but you ned to dig in Orde te under stand why. Cats and dogs were only two units part in Henleys free lite no surprise there, right?—while cats and deer were 6 units apart. Der, in Fact related to all the other animals onthe list by at last 40 units of distance, ‘xcept for rabbits, which are only 20 nits amay from dee, Rolert rote (1981) reports on 378 Mexican Americans who were asked to name the remedios caseros, or home remedies, they knew and wha ‘esses each remedy was fr. Informant listed total of $10 remedies for teal ing 198 illnesses, However, the 25 most frequently mentioned remedies — bout 5% ofthe $10—made up about 415 of al the cases, and the 70 most fequcotly mentioned illnesses (about 145%) made up 84% ofthe cases, ‘Trote's free-list data reveal a lot about Meriean American perceptions of ilness and home curs. He was able 1 count which ailments were reported culture was originally a meOOP R RRR AD DA: mre gut ty men sod which by women; which siments wee reported Pea est he a peopl tel ACA ty youre pple racy ce ‘Bout Mesis an ich by tore bor in he Und Stes a oo ethic tn inna Jag wai we et to in Chapter 21. But consider wha ohn Ctewond Bs ae tHe ne a eon tec on he is Bat they oop hey coal recone in he wid Tey Sen pepl (tof 0) ited oak” 34 lined “pe” 39 tied “nue nu ed “hoch suspect athe st of tos ad what people ty ‘Seis eapize wand eo aber rent nay Wyoming ov Mozape ‘We could est “Try-one of be 34 who led “pine” si hey cul recognize pn. ‘wen teen psp ined rng,” bt only four peoples hey cod ena an oe (it ges Hag al ro cu) Op Trap the Pens ivsan In Gat ood' sah a hy could eco iif te wee std Gatewood cll ths the seal phenomenon He tiaks tat sy Americans can name Tot mor things hey con Deets ose ak phenomena vary by gen? Sipps, Gatewod wn ak Amerczs fom avant of sbctresaneecpations to toe ings besides ees oul the SO recognition te id? ‘Grewood ana group of dens at Lehigh University imrviewed informants, all verity student, including 27 men and 27 women, The Informante festa the musical estrus, fbic, han tol, an ten hey cond Sik of. Then the lforants wre ankel ws eno ofthe ies ineach of ei ss hat thy thought they woul copie in aul sexing ewood che musical iastrumens, with th: expectation tha the wold be no gender eseence a the sumber of ics nid ortega, he thought tht worsen might name more Kins of fac thon would spon ad that men would rane more Kins of hand iol than would wore He chose the domain of wees to Se if his eater fndingn mould replicate, All te hypotheses were sported (Gatewood 1984), Romney andD-Andade sked 108 American highschool studeats 0 “ist all the names fr ids of relives ad family members you cantik it English” (1964155) They were able todo lege unter of arlyss oo tise data, Fr espe hey siete order nd equeny of eal set {ain terms, and be prodctveness of modifi, uel a "step, “hale” “lay.” gunk "grat.” and v9 on They asumed tha recto be beginning of is at skin erm oscars, th more salen is fer that pre Jarnfrman. Baking the serge position in alls foreach ae they wee able to derive rank ade list of kin ems, secon the ai They sho mcumed that moe terms would occur mare fee, So. forename, "other" oes n 93% ofa lat and ete eee, aed on mont ist At he ober end ofthe spect i "grandson whch wt only mentioned by 17% o te 105 infra, and wa on sage ie Saher latter o be sted They found th te te so ad aaa ‘scion only about 30% ofthe it But renember, ese infers ee A igh choot tudes H woul be interesting to een Romeey nad Dra seas expeneat on macy ferent Areca ppaltns. We col hea test the salleny of English kin ems on the mary subpopulations Fal, fe listing can be eo find ot where concent fot in splid researeh. Researchers interested In hgh-isk sexual behavior ‘ample, se the frees tecigu to understate “wey thane eX" (Schensl et al 1994) and "rato ta bave sex" (Frese al. 1998), tnd the feist method isa mainstay in apldsessen research Tn project on mich {contd ntervewers ated people on the Nonh ari costhow they viewed the posit of efor lg, On of the questions was: "What are the ings that make fe pod around bere ‘This question cropped up ater some informal nteviewsn seven smal ss se towns. People ep ying “Wht a reat ite town th ad “Wha shame it wuld be i ing changed round here formants had wo i ‘aly with he question a frost 2 teres the vesearchers hada is ‘for $0 “things that make Ie good around ber" The eeuchers chore ‘te 20 items mentioned by atleast 12 informant and explored the meaning of thse item iter ICMR ta. 193), he humble fe ist hs any wes Use al ‘The True-False/Yes.No and Sentence Frame Techniques Another common technique in cultural domain analysis is called the seme tence frame oc frame elicitation method. Linda aro (1986) sed the fame litton method to compare the knowledge of eure and noncares in Pichia, Mexico, She used a st of 18 ies terme and 22 cates, based on pio research in Petar Young 1978). The frames were questions ke “Cin ——— come from?” Garo substuted nares of lneses ‘heft blank, and things ike “anger "cod" “overeating.” and so on in the second blank (AnthoPac bas arutine fr building questionnaires of his "ype. This produced an 18 % 22 yes matrix foreach ofthe informants