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‫ﲤﺎﺭﻳﻦ ﰲ ﻣﱪﻫﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬


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‫ﺗﺼﺤﯿﺢ ﺗﻤﺎرﯾﻦ ‪ :‬اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬ ‫ذ ‪ .‬اﻟﻐﺰﯾﺰال‬
‫‪www.elghzizal.canalblog.com‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬


‫‪ (1‬ﻧﻘﺬﻑ ﺑﺤﺠﺮ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺮﻳﺪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺼﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﻨﺤﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‬
‫‪Ep (Z) = mgZ‬‬ ‫‪ Ep(0) = 0‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ C = 0‬ﺇﺫﻥ‬ ‫‪ Ep(Z) = mgZ +C (1‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬
‫‪ Ec = ½.mV2 (2‬ﻋﻨﺪ ‪ Z= 0‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪Ec(o) =1/2.mV02 = 0,5.0,05.202 = 10J‬‬
‫‪ (3‬ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ ‪ Em=Ep +Ec‬ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﺣﺮ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺑﺪﺋﻴﺔ ﺭﺃﺳﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﻴﺔ ) ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻗﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﻴﺔ (‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ‪ Z =0‬ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ‪ Em = Ec(0) = 10J‬ﻷﻥ ‪ z =0‬ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺟﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ :‬ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﺗﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﺿﻌﻪ ‪ .‬ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻣﺮﺟﻌﻴﺎ ﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬ﻧﻠﺤﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎ ﻟﻠﻔﻀﺎﺀ )‪ (O,Z‬ﺭﺃﺳﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫‪ Ep = Ec‬ﻧﻌﻮﺽ ﻓﻲ ‪ Em‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ )‪ 2Ep = Em = Ec(o‬ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻥ‬
‫‪Em‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪h‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ 10m‬‬ ‫‪ Ep =1/2.Em‬ﻭﺑﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ‪ Ep =mg.h‬ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺇﺫﻥ‬
‫‪2.m.g 2.5.10  2.10‬‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﺿﻌﻪ ﺗﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﻃﺎﻗﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫‪Em‬‬
‫‪h ' max ‬‬ ‫‪ 20 m‬‬ ‫‪ Ep=Ec(0)=Em‬ﻭﺑﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ’‪ Ep = mgh‬ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫‪mg‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺮﺟﻌﻴﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ‪Ep =mgz + c‬‬
‫‪ (1.2‬ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺟﻌﻴﺔ ‪ Ep(0)= 0‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ‪Ep(Z) = mgz =20.z :‬‬
‫‪ (2.2‬ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺟﻌﻴﺔ ‪ Ep(2) = 0 :‬ﻧﻌﻮﺽ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ )‪Ep(z‬‬
‫‪Ep(z)= 20.z -40‬‬ ‫‪ Ep(2) = 20.2 +c = 0‬ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻥ ‪ c = -40‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫‪ (3.2‬ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺟﻌﻴﺔ ‪ Ep(-3) = 0 :‬ﻧﻌﻮﺽ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ)‪Ep(z‬‬
‫‪ Ep(-3) = 20.(-3) +c = 0‬ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻥ ‪ c = 60‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪Ep(z)= 20.z+60‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪ :‬ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻟﻴﺔ – ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (1‬ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ) ‪ Em ( A ) = Em (C) = Em (B‬ﻣﺜﻼ‬
‫ﻟﻨﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ )‪Em ( A ) = Em (C‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮ ‪ Ep‬ﻭﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺟﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫‪ ) Ep = mgz‬ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﺗﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ (‬
‫‪Ec =1/2.mV2‬‬
‫‪Em(A) = ½.m.V2 A+ mg.zA‬‬
‫‪Em(A)= 0+ 6.m =6m‬‬
‫‪Em(C ) = ½.mVc2 +mg.zc‬‬
‫‪Em(C) = ½.m.4 + m.10.0,4 = 6m‬‬
‫ﺇﺫﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺗﻨﺤﻔﻆ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪. B‬‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ) ‪ Em(B) = Em( C‬ﻭﺑﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ )‪ ) Em (B) = EC( B‬ﻷﻥ ‪ Ep(B) = 0‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ (‬
‫‪12m‬‬
‫‪V 2B ‬‬ ‫‪ 12  V B  3,4m..s 1‬‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ‪ 1/2.mV 2B = Em =6m‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫‪m‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎﻛﺎﺕ ﻣﻬﻤﻠﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (1‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ) ‪Em = m.g.z +1/2.mV2 (c = o‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ‪ A‬ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻣﻨﻌﺪﻣﺔ ‪Em ( A ) = Ep ( A) :‬‬
‫‪ZA = ZB + AB.sinr(1-cos ) +2sin‬‬
‫ﻧﻌﻮﺽ ﺏ ‪AB =2m :‬‬
‫‪E m ( A)  m.g.r (1  cos  )  2 sin  ‬‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ‪:‬‬
‫‪Em(A) = 10J‬‬
‫‪ (2.1‬ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﻭﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ‪B‬‬
‫‪Ep(B) = m.g.zB = m.g.r(1-cos‬‬
‫ﺕ‪.‬ﻉ ‪Ep( B ) = 0,5.10.0,5(1-0.5) =1,25J :‬‬
‫‪Ec(B) = Em – Ep(B) = 10-1,25= 8,75J‬‬
‫ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻥ ‪VC= 5,91m.s-1‬‬
‫‪ (3.1‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪ D‬ﺇﻣﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺒﺮﻫﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺗﻨﺤﻔﻆ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻴﺮ ) ‪( A,D‬‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﻣﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ZA = ZB + AB.sinr(1-cos ) +2sin‬‬
‫‪ZD= 2r‬‬
1 2 2

m (VD  V A )  W A  D ( P )  m. g ( z A  z D )
2
1
mV D  m. g r (1  cos  )  2 sin    2 r 
2

2
1
mV D  m. g 2 sin   r (1  cos  ) 
2

2
V D  m. g 2 sin   r (1  cos  ) 
V D  2, 21m.s 1

(2
‫ ﻭﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺣﺘﻜﺎﻛﺎﺕ‬VB = 4ms-1 ‫ ﻫﻲ‬B ‫( ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ‬A ;B) ‫ﺡ ﺑﻴﻦ‬.‫ﻁ‬.‫(ﺑﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻡ‬1.2
f ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﻘﺮﻥ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺪﺓ‬
1 2 2
 
.m(VB  V A )  W ( P)  W ( f )
2
 1 2
 1 2
W ( f )  mVB  W ( P)  mVD  m.g. AB. sin 
2 2

W ( f )  0,5.0,5.(4) 2  0,5.10.2. sin 60  0,33 J

f : ‫( ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬2.2

 W(f )
W ( f )   f . AB  f  
AB
 0,33
f   0,165 N
2

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬
: ‫ﺡ‬.‫ﻁ‬.‫( ﻧﺺ ﻡ‬1
‫ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺗﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﺻﻠﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻟﺤﻈﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺠﺒﺮﻱ ﻷﺷﻐﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﺗﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻈﺘﻴﻦ‬

EC   W ( Fi )

Ec(M)=0,15J‫ ﺣﻴﺚ‬M‫ ﻭﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ‬Ec(o) = 0,45J ‫ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﻄﻼﻕ‬O ‫(ﻣﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬2
: ‫ ﻭﺑﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺗﺘﻢ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﺣﺘﻜﺎﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ‬OM = d =0,6m
Ec  Ec ( M )  E c (o)  0,15  0,45  0,3J
 
 W  W ( P)  W ( R)
W ( R)  0  W ( P)  Ec  0,3 J

(3

W ( P )   m. g.d . sin   0.3 J

W ' ( P)
m  0.1Kg
 g.d . sin 
‫‪ (1.4‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ‪EP (Z) = m.g.Z + C‬‬
‫ﺑﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ‪ A‬ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺟﻌﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ‪ EP(A) = 0 J‬ﻭ ﻣﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬
‫‪ . ZA= d.sinm‬ﻟﻨﺤﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ‪C‬‬
‫‪EP (Z) = Z - 0,45‬‬ ‫‪ C =-mg.ZA= -0,45 J‬ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫‪ EP (A)= m.g.ZA +C =0‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬

‫‪Ep(O) = 0 – 0,45 = -0,45J‬‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﻋﻨﺪ ‪ O‬ﻫﻲ ‪:‬‬


‫‪ (2.4‬ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻧﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
‫‪O‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪E P (O )  0,45 J‬‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫‪E P ( A)  0 J‬‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﻣﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻋﻨﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪EC (O )  0,45 J‬‬ ‫‪EC ( A)  0 J‬‬

‫ﺃ – ﻟﻨﺤﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ‪O‬‬


‫‪E m(O) = Ep (O) +E c(O) = - 0,45 +0,45 = 0 J‬‬
‫ﺏ – ﻟﻨﺤﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ‪A‬‬
‫‪E m(A) = Ep (A) +E c(A) = 0 -0 = 0J‬‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺗﻨﺤﻔﻆ‬

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