‫ﻤﺤﺎﻀﺭﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(٤‬‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ ٤‬‬ ‫א
‪:‬‬
‫א 
لאא ‬ ‫אنא
‪:‬‬
‫‬
‫‪−١‬א‪
#‬لא"
‪ :‬‬
‫‪59:‬א"א‪$%3
"04%56&7)8‬א‪2‬ل‪
01‬ز‪.‬و'
‪,-‬وجوא*)אوא'&‪$%‬‬
‫א‪
=@
2‬جא‪
>)?%),‬א<=‪5-<6‬א
م‪-
#
.‬א‪BC‬نא
א‪F2‬لא‪D)EC‬‬
‫א‪
#‬لو‪$1‬אن‪7‬نא‪I0<2‬א
'‪5‬אو‪5
%‬אو*א"אوא"‪$%GH‬‬
‫‪KLMN‬א‪#‬אع‪.‬وא‪)O‬ول)‪WX67(١‬א אعوא ‪U
9V‬א‪
S4T‬א‪R‬אא‪ .‬‬
‫‬
‫‪)Y‬ول)‪:(١‬א‪#‬אعوא‪U
9V#‬א‪ 
Z%
2‬‬

‫א‪[94‬‬ ‫אع‬
‫‪U‬א‪−G\0‬א=
^א‪)^
=B−]\0‬א_'[‪
:−‬دمא‪F2‬ل–א‪ D60‬‬ ‫א‪F2‬ل ‬
‫א\א‪–a‬א‪R
Ye‬א‪R
6G2
2‬א‪c0d‬وא‪)6a6b‬وא‪−T‬א‪
d:‬عא‪)O‬א‪ fY
de‬‬ ‫'‪ 5‬‬
‫א
و‪hV‬א‪–)7g0‬ز‪
7‬دא‪–
0‬ز‪
7‬دא‪−)O‬د‪*Y‬אא‪hV‬א‪ h‬‬ ‫*א" ‬
‫‪"  5
%‬א‪
0‬א‪R‬א‪−
2‬א‪#F‬زل‪
\:−‬دم‪]%‬א‪
4Y‬م‪)6Y−97i‬אو>‪ j6‬‬
‫‬
‫و‪)*jT
0‬و‪D‬א 
ل‪l60m‬و‪[2k0:‬و‪ :<Gk:‬‬
‫‪)* −١‬و‪
:D‬א‪p9'R‬و‪29opi‬و‪FYB5-

7V‬א^
مאوא‪
9:‬ط‪KLM‬א‪
0‬א‪R‬‬
‫
‪NX40‬א‪FY C
2‬א^א
م‪ .‬‬
‫‪Y −٢‬دא
م‪R
704%$l60m‬א‪)O‬א‪29‬وא‪r7
s9e‬د‪)*
G0*#‬و‪l6:D‬‬
‫
‪)2e‬א‪.R‬‬
‫‪FYBx2 −٣‬א^א
م‪>Z>v
'
G'w\0:‬א ‪o‬א‪F0%pi‬و‪LM‬א‪<bk:u27‬‬
‫א‪)2e‬א‪.G6Vpi7R‬‬
‫ ‬ ‫‬
‫‪−٢‬אאعא‪
#‬ل ‬
‫‪4:‬א 
لא‪ :NV
VBNC‬‬
‫‪
B‬ل‪)*Bc0-I0‬א‪,‬ط‪B‬و‪ Open faults&'B‬‬ ‫‪−١‬‬
‫א
ل‪ND)EC'\I0‬و‪BzY‬و‪
&'B‬ض‪B‬و‪N‬و‪BNY‬و‪)&'B‬ون‬ ‫‪−٢‬‬
‫א ض‪Short circuit‬‬

‫‪١‬‬
 ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻀﺭﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(٤‬‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬

‫وא 
ل‪$%‬אعא ول‪
:[94:#‬א‪
R‬א‪|G‬א)א‪x29$1{LT‬‬
‫א }
ل‪<9VC6،‬א‪
&e‬لא }
ل‪
*B‬د‪7‬א‪B،zY‬ن‪G04:‬و‪$‬א }
لא&‪
]:>Z‬‬
‫א‪BRZ*G6)#{L7Lb0‬ن‪Y2k:‬دא‪ .<2‬‬
‫‪
%B‬א 
ل‪$%‬אعא&
‪
j0-C‬א‪
:[
b‬א‪
R‬א‪G‬و‪7‬ن€
א‪p>0‬א‪8‬א‬
‫وא‪R
%C6C
e‬א‪
:$j07){L'.9k‬א‪R‬א\‪):‬א=<‪R
9]%‬א‪R#
\:#‬‬
‫وא‪.‚0‬و„‪
G‬ن)‪$%‬א‪7
G8‬א
‪ƒd:$%)#-‬و‪w‬א
م=‪Z‬لא‪
#‬لو‪d:‬‬
‫אو‪w‬א‪29opb‬א‪ .D)…50‬‬
‫و‪WX6:$1‬א אعא‪$%)7)2‬א‪
#‬لא†‪ :C:‬‬
‫‪،5>Z>\ -‬و\>‪]%5>Z‬א‪#‬ض ‬
‫‪\ -‬و‪zYzY‬‬
‫‪\ -‬و‪#
NY‬ض‬
‫‪\ -‬و‪#
zY‬ض‬
‫وא‪
#‬لא‪F0e‬א‪FYB$%NTFY5-%‬א^א
مא‪7
%
9
i5‬نא'‪.[2@)
-
k0‬‬
‫و‪$48‬א‪‡-ˆ8‬نא‪
#‬لא‪F0e‬א‪p&':#%‬אو‪
M[9Vg02:#‬م‪ .6Vpi<bk0‬‬
‫ ‬ ‫‬ ‫‬
‫‪WT
\=−٣‬א‪
#‬ل‪ Characteristics of faults‬‬
‫‪١−٣‬زوא‪
7‬א‪ <2‬‬
‫‪<%
2%‬א)‪B‬وزאو‪
:7‬א‪Z=$%
M)7)…07<2‬ل‪29o-2%‬א‪)\e‬א‪5‬وא)وא‪T‬‬
‫א‪
%50*z6\0e‬نא‪.<2‬א‪
%‬א‪
#‬لא‪<%
2%)7)…0- #‬א)‪x7:7o-2.‬‬
‫א
مא‪ .5‬و\
‪7%‬نא‪=0%
0‬א‪F‬אو‪٥٨٠7‬א‪
 ٥٨٥3‬لא و‪B)zY‬و‬
‫
‪$%U‬א‪)e‬א‪R‬אو‪0V‬نא‪F‬אو‪5-<B7‬א‪G#‬א‪=$G„0:50‬طא<و‪:‬ن‬
‫‪CM‬א‪:C67
G')T
4‬‬
‫א‪F‬אو‪٥٢٠$%7‬א‪ =0%٥٤٥3‬‬ ‫‪: v-6'٢٣‬‬ ‫‪ ٧,٢‬‬
‫א‪F‬אو‪٥٤٥$%7‬א‪ =0%٥٧٥3‬‬ ‫‪: v-6'٦٩‬‬ ‫‪ ٢٣‬‬
‫א‪F‬אو‪٦٠$%7‬א‪ =0%٥٨٠3‬‬ ‫‪:v-6'٢٣٠‬‬ ‫‪ ٦٩‬‬
‫א‪F‬אو‪٧٥$%7‬א‪ .=0%٥٨٥3‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪-
G-‬ق‬ ‫‪ ٢٣٠‬‬
‫و'
‪R
2
sv‬אلوא‪)e‬א‪CMR‬א‪04-)T
4‬نزوא‪
7‬א‪<2‬א'‪$%g‬א‪،

VC2e‬‬
‫وא‪G#‬א‪)X04:50‬م‪
-‬א
‪:RZ‬نא‪F‬وא‪2
sv
'<B
7‬א
<|&<‪^FY‬א'‪p9‬א‪$%‬‬
‫א‪2
Ge‬א‪)66‬א‪ .T‬‬
‫‪x7:٢−٣‬א
مא‪ 5‬‬
‫‪x7:‬א
مא‪G$%<'56>r75‬وزوא‪
7‬א‪
#‬لא‪ #‬و‪o>Z>‘
M‬ق‪ :x706‬‬

‫‪٢‬‬
 (٤) ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻀﺭﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬

 (‫و‬F2%‫
د‬20e‫ض)אא‬r%pi−١
 (6
d%‫אو‬%‫
و‬%)2
s‫ل‬Z=x70‫א‬07−٢
 (‫ض‬#

9%<@:‫
د‬20e‫
ل)אא‬2d‫א‬x70‫
مא‬−٣
7‫
و‬40e‫ א   א‬R
d&e‫ل א‬Z=$%  r% ‫
دل‬20‫  א‬g02: ‫ن‬B $1 ‫ض‬re‫ א‬pi ‫وא
م‬
7‫
و‬40%‫ض‬#‫א‬3‫א‬R
d&%>Z&‫
א‬-‫ن‬:50‫وא‬6>
G0e‫אאא‬5-‫و‬،(١<)
Vcg ‫و‬Vbg 290
‫و‬.(١)<5-
G'*‫زא‬#‫’א‬6&%V(A) zYx7:D‫(و)*)و‬N-E)
 .
G€29‫א‬6@#‫א‬G‫א‬$% 3 =
:‫ن‬V

a

Ground Line g=0 V =0

g=n ag
o
60
b Van
c V
n bg
Vcg Vcn Vbn
Balanced Condition
Neutral
c b

 Phase a grounded

 ‫ض‬r%pi5'‫
م‬5-‫ض‬#
7zY‫)\و‬O‫א‬h”:(١)<

\
:3‫د"ذ{א‬rV
9%x7:‫ذو‬5
2—‫א
مא‬zY‫و‬B)*B\
*5-•2‫א‬56‫و‬
 .(٢)<\

\%pb‫א‬zY‫و‬#‫)א‬Y5-‫)א‬Y66‫
د‬7‫]ز‬% #‫
لא‬#‫*
א‬5-p9'
a

Ground Line g=0 V =0

g=n ag
o
Vcg 30
V
b bg
n
c
c b
Balanced Condition
 Solid Phase a to Ground Fault

٣
 (٤) ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻀﺭﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬


 ‫
ض‬azY‫)\و‬O‫א‬zI0%:(٢)<

 Fault resistance <2‫א‬%‫
و‬%٣−٣
Gpb0:{L‫لאسو‬opb0pb0:‫אس‬%‫
و‬%‫و‬5'‫س‬9*
\7
9
iC‫א\א‬
0G\e‫
لא‬#‫א‬5-D)E#]9
‫א‬LM‫ و‬−^‫א€א‬5-5‫אسא‬1
%
9
i‫<و‬2‫
א‬:
.Solid short circuits
‫
)א‬G-Y‫א و‬N‫א\™
ل‬R‫
א‬:G5-
G%Z%
<&|
%‫אس
دא‬%‫
و‬%‫و‬
>$%‫
مو‬66
dG6)%
20%
7‫زوא‬56‫ن‬:‫אس‬%‫
و‬%‫ن‬BC‫א‬-
#
.xdXe‫)א‬O‫א‬
.\‫
א‬:)…50‫א‬6‫א‬2
Ge‫א‬$%‫א‬p&')7F:#
67o ‫ אאس‬D)…
9
i z# {‫
وذ‬G% Z%
 ‫ אس‬%‫
و‬% <&|  #‫
ل א‬Z 94
 ‫و‬
 .\‫
א‬:G$%)…{L‫و‬T‫)א‬66‫א‬%‫
و‬e‫א‬U
4*‫ج‬g‫א‬%‫
و‬%<=):‫و‬

:‫لא 
ل‬Z=zY‫دא و‬YKk:٤−٣
N9e‫ א‬V‫ وא‬.‫ א
م‬R‫
א‬:‫د و‬Y 56 ‫
ل‬#‫ א‬p>: c 7 (٣) < 5- 5M
š#‫ א‬V‫א‬
)<\0e‫\)وא‬e‫)א‬he‫)א‬O‫’א‬6&%R#
8‫'<א‬5-‫و‬.‫

™ض‬9%‫ض‬r%‫
م‬
‫د‬O‫
א‬G\‫
نא‬%)D)E)I6‫ط‬9M&'‫وא‬،\‫
نא‬%‫\)و‬e‫א‬NV0%
 .)O‫
سא‬56^
N0G‫א‬N:
MNpb0:

Vab
I
Va O c
I
a
Ic O
Ia V
g ca V
Vb ab
Vc Ib
Vca Vbc
Vbc

Balanced Condition
I
b

 Three phase fault

٤
 (٤) ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻀﺭﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬

I I
c c
V
V ca Vab
ab
V g
ca
g
Vbc

V
bc I
b Ib
Phase b to phase c fault
Phase b to phase c to ground fault

I
c
At all faults assume:
O Ia
Vca Vab Z1 = Z2 = Z0

g 
Vbc
 (٣)<

Phase a to ground fault