. .

E-mail: saied972004@yahoo.com
Tel. 0925330316

.
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] [3:
)(1
) Qu = Ac FR [ I T ( ) U L (T fm Ta
] [3,12:
)(2

) Qu = m& C p (T fo T fi

) (1 ) (2 :
) Ac FR [ I T ( ) U L (T fi Ta

)(3

) C p (T fo T fi

:
)(4

100

Qu

2 Ac I T

= &m

= c

FR ) ( Collector heat removal factor :

" FR = F F

)(5
F: :

tanh (m ( w D) / 2
m ( w D) / 2

)(6

=F

) m = (U L / K p

)(7
" F ) (Collector efficiency factor :
)(8

1/ U l
1
1
1
[w
+
+
]
U L [ D + ( w D) F ] C b Di h f ,i

:
= w =D , = Di ,

= "F

 = ) 0.5(
=IT )(W/m2
) = (
= Ac )(m2
Ta = Tfi
&
= m )(Kg/s
= Tpm
:
1

)(9

(Tpm + Ta ) T 2 pm + T 2 a
1
N

+
= Ut
+
e
C Tpm Ta hw
( p + 0.00591Nhw )1 + 2 N + f 1+ 0.133 p + N
) T (N + f

pm

:
= N

) f = (1 + 0.089 hw 0.1166hw p ) (1 + 0.07866 N

C = 520 (1 0.000051 2 ) where = 45 o

100
)
Tp m

e = 0.4301 (1

= p
= p )( 0.88
= Ta
= Tpm
= hw ) ( )(10 w/m2 oC
:
ki
)(10
= Ub
li
ki : ) ( 0.038 w/mc li ) (30

Ae ki / li
Ac

)(11

= Ue

Ae Ac
:

U L =U t +U b +U e

)(12

1
) 1 Dos ln ( Dos / Dis
+
hw
2 ki

)(13

) (1

= Us

 )(1

Ut
3.1 w/m2 oC
Ub
1.27 w/m2 oC
Ue
0.13 w/m2 oC
Us
4.5 w/m2 oC
F
0.86
"
F
0.976
FR
0.872

]:[3
dTs
) = (Qu (UA) s (Ts Ta
dt

)(14

) Qs = ( ms C p

= Qs ) (W
= ms ) (
= Us ) (W/m2Co
= As )(m2
o
= dTs ) (C
= dts )(second
o
= Cp )(4186 J/kg C
) (14 ] [3 :
)(15

) [Qu (U s As )(Ts ,old Ta

( ms C ) s

Ts ,new = Ts ,old +

:
)(16

100

Q
=
A I
s

Ts,old = Ts,new

. 9

) (7
) (3\15
) .(288 w\m2
) (145w/m2 ) ( 730 w/m2
.
.
.
.
) (57 oC
.
) (46 oC
) (39 oC .

) (8
) (830 w/m2
.
70 oC
. 79 oC
.37 oC

) .(4,16 ) 9 ( 10
6\8 6\11

%58 6\8 % 44 . 6\11
.
%60
.
.
) (11 6\1 .6\18
%33
%50 %49 %61 .
100

70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
)(

, ) (W/m x 10

80

90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

20

19

18

17

16

15

14

13

12

11

10

) , (C )(W /m x 10

90

100

)(

) :(8

) : (7
70

80

70

60

60
50

) ( %

30

40
30

20

20
10

10

0
0
10:00-11:00 11:00-12:00 12:00-13:00 13:00-14:00 14:00-15:00 15:00-16:00

9:00-10:00

10:00-11:00 11:00-12:00 12:00-13:00 13:00-14:00 14:00-15:00 15:00-16:00

8:00-9:00

) (

)(

)(10

)(9

) :(10 , 9 6\8 1998\6\11

9:00-10:00

8:00-9:00

) ( %

40

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90

)(%

80
70

50
40

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60

30
20
10
0
10\6 11\6 12\6 14\6 16\6 18\6

8\6 9\6

7\6

6\6

5\6

4\6

2\6

1\6

) :(11 6\1 6\18

) (12
3\9 . 4\8
. 22 oC 40 oC 70.5 oC
. 55 oC
) (13 5\25 .6\21
) .(15
.
) (70.5 oC
.
1982 30 oC 66 oC ] .[11 1992
.[13]70 oC
.
80
70
60

40
30
20

10

10-041998

05-041998

31-031998

21-031998

26-031998

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) :(12 3\6 4\8

50

60

50

30

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24-06-1998

19-06-1998

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09-06-1998

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04-06-1998

30-05-1998

25-05-1998

0
20-05-1998

) :(13 5\20 6\18

. 10


.

70 oC .

70.5oC .55oC

%49 .%40
%61 .%55

37 oC .23 oC
.989 w/m2

] [1 , , ,
] [2 , , ,
.1990 ,
[3] Duffie and Beckman, Solar Engineering of Thermal processes, A Wiley Interscinece Publication,
1991.
[4] Syigh, A.A., Utilization Liquid Flat Plate Collector, Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, pp. 107117, 1977.
[5] Tiwari, G.N., Shuka, S.N. and Sodha, M.S., Performance of large Solar Water Heater System:
Thermosiphonic Mode, Energy Covers Mgmt, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 29-38, 1985

10

[6] Garg,H.P., Year round performance studies on a built in storage type solar water heater at
Jodhpur India, Solar Energy, Vol. 17, pp. 167, 1975.
[7] Gupta, L and Garg, H.P., System design in Solar Water heaters with natural circulation, Solar
Energy, Vol. 12, pp. 163, 1968.
[8] Close, D.J., The performance of Solar water heater with natural circulation, Solar Energy, Vol. 6,
pp 33, 1962.
[9] Ong, K.S., A finite difference method to evaluate the thermal performance of solar water heater,
Solar Energy, vol. 16, pp. 137, 1975.
[10] Himmelman, W.A., Solar Engineering for domestic buildings, Marcel Dekker, INC.,
[11] Said, R and Sassi, R., Experimental comparison of the performance of thermosyphon and built in
storage type solar water heaters, B. Sc project, University of Garyounis , 1983.
[12] Fisk, M.J and Anderson, H. C., Introduction to Solar Technology, Addison Wesley Publication
Company, USA, 1982
[13] Subhi, H. A. et. al., Experimental study of performance solar water heater, B. Sc. project,
University of Garyounis, 1992

11