.

.
.
.

.
M. Davarpanah

)(

M. Davarpanah

M. Davarpanah

M. Davarpanah

Factory-mounted Radiator Ventilation

M. Davarpanah

M. Davarpanah

M. Davarpanah

M. Davarpanah

Prime-mover

M. Davarpanah

M. Davarpanah

M. Davarpanah

Protection Functions (in DG of Cummins Co.)

Over load
Over current
Short circuit
Over/Under voltage
Under frequency
Reverse
Re erse po
power
er
Loss of excitation
Alternator phase rotation (paralleling)
Note: Current is regulated to 300% for both single phase and
3-phase faults when a short circuit condition is sensed.

Current
C
t ratings
ti
0 5 to
0.5
t 100A att 30 degrees
d
C
Rated voltage 230 - 400V AC
Breaking capacity: 16 kA
Mechanical service life: 20,000 operations
Add on earth leakage (RCD)
Manually closed, electrically or manually opened
undelayed magnetic and delayed thermal trip relays,
with fixed setting.

Control Functions

M. Davarpanah

MCB (Miniature
(Mi i
Ci
Circuit
i Breaker)
B k )

Capability of mechanically coupled

AVR
Governor
Paralleling
P ll li (Synchronizing)
(S h i i )
Starting

14M.
14
M. Davarpanah

MCCB
(Moulded Case Circuit Breaker)

ACB (Air Circuit Breaker)

9 Designed for rated current up to 3200A

9 Designed for In 160 up to 1600A

9 Fixed or withdrawable installation

9 Fixed or withdrawable installation

9 Modularityy

9 Adjustable or fixed OC/EF relays

9 Adjustable OC/EF relays

9 half cycle
y operating
p
g time in
instantaneous operation

9 Background Task

9 Electrically Remote control (In some Comp.)

9 1.5~4 cycles operating time in rated

short-time
short
time withstand current (Icw)
9 Designed for Icw up to 100kA
9 Electrically remote control
9 Mechanical interlock across three CBs

15M.
15
M. Davarpanah

16M.
16
M. Davarpanah


. ) 1000( MCCB ACB
MCCB
1
.

ACB .

Missed current zeros

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MCCB MCB ACB
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M. Davarpanah

Hydro-Quebec

17

Trenches

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.
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.1 2007
.

2006
.2
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.

 Hydro-Quebec

.2 2010

Hydro-Quebec

.2 2010

.1 2010
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Hydro-Quebec

.3 2015

Hydro-Quebec

.2 2010
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.3 2015
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.
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. 2015
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.

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.4 2015

:




ICT

FACTS

M. Davarpanah


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LV

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M. Davarpanah

. NGR
110 .
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M. Davarpanah

 .1
. :

DG
IEEE Std 1547

. OLTC

DG
.

. :

. DG

. DG

On
On-line
. line

)(Islanding detection


.

. :
Auto booster .

DG
.
M. Davarpanah

.1 DG
. DG .
:

M. Davarpanah

.1

. DG .
.
DG

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. IEEE 1547, 2008 DG
.
DG DG
.
M. Davarpanah

. :
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( dead-band

)
.
.

(
)
.

.
M. Davarpanah

Voltage control of networks with DG

.1 DG

DG affects
ff t voltage
lt
regulation
l ti by
b violating
i l ti basic
b i assumptions
ti
Local control of DG units
Control of reactive output
Centralized voltage control
Co-ordinate all devices
SCADA/DMS software
Manage network losses, reactive compensation

. AVR
DG
Manual
.

OLTC

.
.
OLTC

M. Davarpanah

M. Davarpanah

IGV

) (Brayton

IEEE



Rowen

IEEE
Rowen

Rowen
R

GAST
GAST22A

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M. Davarpanah

M. Davarpanah

B ANSI C-84.1-1995 59.3 60.5 . DG 5 .

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PCC

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DG
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DG

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.


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M. Davarpanah

AVR

2 220 3300

290 .

AVR

29
2 220 290

 AVR

34
2 220 340

AVR

32
2 220 320

330 .

AVR

27
2 220 270

260 .

AVR

26
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M. Davarpanah

DG

) Sensitivity (
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M. Davarpanah

M. Davarpanah

 DG

DG

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DG

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DG

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M. Davarpanah

DG

M. Davarpanah

DG

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M. Davarpanah

M. Davarpanah

 DG

DG
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M. Davarpanah

DG

M. Davarpanah

DG

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.

M. Davarpanah

M. Davarpanah

 DG

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M. Davarpanah

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M. Davarpanah

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M. Davarpanah

M. Davarpanah

 DG

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DG
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reset

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M. Davarpanah

M. Davarpanah

DG

DG
DG

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DG

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reverse power DG .

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M. Davarpanah

M. Davarpanah

 DG

DG

DG

DG

DTT .1

M. Davarpanah

DG

M. Davarpanah

DG
DG

DG

DG
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2200

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DG

M. Davarpanah

Power Line Signaling

g
g .2

M. Davarpanah

 DG

DG

DG

DG

.4

.3

M. Davarpanah

M. Davarpanah

DG
DG

M. Davarpanah