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eN BzL 29
) ftu BkoE
ns/ kT{E g'b j[zd/ jB fJ;/ soQK pzd/ d/ g?o dZyDh X[t ns/ f;o T[soh Xqt dk ezw eodk j?.
fJ;/ bJh ;wMdk pzd/, woB t/b/ pzd/ d/ g?o dZyD tZb eo fdzd/ jB feT[Afe j[D u9[zpeh
Pesh ysw j' rJh j?, fiT[Ad/ ih fJ; soQK BjhA eod/ fet[Afe fJ; soQK Pesh xZNdh j?.
e/;K dk wB[Zy dhnK wkBf;e, GktkBksfwe sozrK Bkb Gh v{zxk ;zpzX j?. nkw d/yD
ftu fwbdk j? fe id ;k r[Z;k nkT[Adk j? iK fe;/ nukBe xNBk Bkb vo iKd/ jK sK ;kv/
;oho d/ o'w yVQ/ j' iKd/ jB ns/ id n;hA gq;zB j[zd/ jK sK fJj ;kXkoB jkbs ftu j[zd/
jB.
e/;K dk gZe e/ ;c?d j'Dk th e[dos tb'A fJPkok j? fe nZrk B/V/ nkfJnk fgSk
ofjnk d{o.@ sK s/ e[dos d/ fB:w n[;ko fwbh fJ; nw[Zbh dks dk fsq;eko eo e/ n;hA
e[dos dh eq'gh d/ Gkrhdko pD oj/ j[zd/ jK.
p'X ns/ i?B Xow, i' Bk;s xow wzB/ rJ/ jB i' gow/:o dh j'Ad s'A w[Beo jB,
SZv e/ pkeh seohpB jo Xow d/ wjKg[oPK B/ fJ; e[dosh dks dk ;fseko ehsk j?.
pkJhpb ftu fbfynk j? fe
Gkt gow/Po B/ wB[Zy nkgDk o[g d/ e/ g?dk ehsk j?. fJ; bJh jIos Jh;k ih d/ f;o
s/ bzp/ e/; ns/ ;[zdo dkvQh T[BQK dh c'N'nK ftu fdykJh iKdh j?. jIos w[jzwd ;kfjp dk
bzpk e/; w[fJ w[pkoe@ nZi sZe w[;bwkBK B/ ePwho ftu ;zGkb oZfynk j?.
;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t wjkoki B/ pfbjkoh e[dofs tf;nk@ d/ eEB nB[;ko e[dos
dh fJ; oZph dks ftu'A oZp ih d/ doPB eo e/ fbfynk j?.
s/o/ pze/ bjfD dzs oh;kbk] ;'jD/ Be fiB bwV/ tkbk] (nze )
fJ; s'A fJbktk pkDh ftu nB/eK EktK s/ gqw/Po e/;' iK e/;t noEks e/;kXkoh
efj e/ g[ekfonk j?.
2H
fJj ;G ikDd/ jB fe e/tb bzwp/ e/;K dk jh uT[o pD ;ehdk j?, x'B/ f;o dk
BjhA. r[opkDh dhnK fJj s[eK f;ZX eodhnK jB fe r[o{ ekb t/b/ ;G r[o{ ;kfjp nkg e/
fJj ekc joc (cko;h dh toDwkbk dk ekc r[ow[yh nZyo eZe/ dk pdb j?) Gkt
fJj eZe/ nZyo f;Zy dh fBPkBh jB.
fe jofwI dk pkPd nI JhA joc wnkc.
fe;/ jkbs ftu Gh, fJj fe;/ w[nkc BjhA ehs/ ik ;ed/.
eVk ekod' eZS ezxk fpdK.
(jE ftu) eVk, (rkso') feqgkB, (s'V) eSfjok ns/ f;o ftu ezxk fJ; s'A
fJbkt.
fpBK e/; fu n;s i[wbk fBPkB.
i/ f;o s/ e/; BjhA sK fJBQK ;kohnK uhIK dk eh e'Jh w[Zb j?< Gkt ftnoE jB.
fJE/ jh p; BjhA GkJh d/;k f;zx (dPw/P fgsk dk ;wekbh) ih d/ ofjsBkw/
nB[;ko ebrhXo wjkoki dk j[ew j? L
fpBK PPso e/;z Boz G/v ikB'A.
geo ekB sKfj fes{z b? f;XkB']
f;o s/ e;/ ns/ PPso s'A pr?o wB[Zy fJe G/v ;wkB j? ns/ nfij/ wB[Zy ezB'A
geV e/ fes/ Gh b? ikt' T[j u[oe BjhA ;edk.
fJj? ofjs w/oh ;[Bj[ j/ fgnko'.
fpBk PPso e/; fdt' B dhdko']
fJ; bJh j/ fgnko/ r[of;Zy w/oh fJj ofjs fXnkB Bkb ;[D fe pr?o PPso ns/
e/;K s'A w? w{zj Bk fdyk.
dPw/P fgsk d/ nfBB f;Zy GkJh Bzd bkb ih r':k, fiBQK dh ouBk gksPkj B/
gqtkB eo e/ r[odnkok ;kfjp ftu ehosB eoB dk wkD pyfPnk, T[BQK dh fbyh ;kyh
go nc;'; ` fJBQK wjkB PjhdK d/ nZi d/ tk;o, fIzdrh d/ n;b wB'oE s'A x[Zp/,
ns/ c?PBK d/ g[ZN/ pZu/ puhnK d/ fdb s/ e'Jh n;o BjhA j[zdk iK fco fJBQK fynkb
nB[;iko fJj fe;/ j'o d/ tZv/ tv/fonK dhnK c'N'nK jB. fJ; bJh fgzvK ftu (yk; eo
e/ wkbtk) ns/ PfjoK ftu g{oK d/ g[o fJ; t/r ftu o[VQ/ ik oj/ jB. f;Zy bVehnK dh
jkbs d/ T[d'A j'o so; nkT[Adk j? id nypko ftu fJPfsjko gVQ/ jK, fJe y{p;{os,
;[Phb, T[FZu ftZfdnk gqkgs nZS/ xokD/ dh bVeh bJh w'Bk iZN f;Zy bVek ukjhdk j?.@
nkgDh nfrnkBsk, w{oysk ns/ YhxskJh S[gkT[D bJh fco fJj efjzd/ jB ih
;kv/ nzdo f;Zyh j? pkjob/ fBPkBK ftu eh fgnk j?.@ ;kvk T[FZso j? fe nzdo sK bj{,
BkVK, jZvnK, uoph ns/ fwM j? j'o e[ZM BjhA j?. nzp dk doys ej/ w/o/ nzdo nzp j? fJ;
bJh w?A pkjo cb BjhA fdzdk tkbh Pokos Goh w;yoh s'A fJbktk fJj dbhb e[ZM th wknB/
BjhA oZydh.
d'Ph ez"D
nmkothA ;dh d/ f;zx iZE/dkoK d/ w[ekpb/ ftu nZi d/ f;nk;h bhvoK, ny"sh pqjw
frnkBh nytkT[D tkb/ v/o/ dko ;zsK (e[ZM fJ SZV e/) r[o{d[nkfonK d/ rqzEh ns/ gqukoeK
d/ feosko dk w[bKeD eo e/ n;hA fe; w{j Bkb nZi d/ pZu/ pZuh f;Zyh XkoB tZb/ gq/os
eohJ/. id'A e'Jh e[ZM T[gd/P d/D dh fjzws eodk j? B"i[nkB ghVQh w{zj'A p'b/ pr?o nypko
fbnk e/nZr/ ;[ZN/ fdzdh j?. fJj jh f;zx ;{owk ioB?b f;zx fGzvoK tkbk T[fmnki ;h, sK
XVk XV bfjo fJ; gk;'/ T[bN gJh ;h.
xo ftu wkg/ jh i/ f;Zyh feosko s'A ;ZyD/ j'D, ;e{bK ftu nfXnkge ekwo/vh ;'u
d/ j'D oki;h skDk pkDk f;Zy ysw eoB s/ s[fbnk j't/ fco fe; ejhJ/< fJe fyvkoh
fpPB f;zx p/dh B/ y/vD ;w/A f;o s/ N'gh fjB e/ ;koh f;Zy w[zvho nkgD/ tZb gq/fos eo
fbnk. n;hA fJ; dk fe; soQK w[ekpbk eohJ/ Jj ;'uD tkbh rZb j?.
;[zdo e"D
d{;ok i' tZvk ekoB fJ; gZy'A xkse f;ZX j' fojk j? T[j j? NhHthH rb?wo ns/ ;[zdo
pDB dh d"V. r[opkDh ftu ;[zdo fe; fejk frnk j? SZv Gh d/ dhJ/, d/yhJ/l d{i/ b'eK
d/ fJ; pko/ eh thuko jB.
1H
fgSbh ;dh ftu fJe wjkB f;Zy ftdtkB fJzrb?Av ub/ rJ/. fJe fdB e/;K ezxK
eo oj/ ;B, ;kjwd/ yVh ftu fJe w/w fJBQK d/ ;z[do tkb d/y e/ w'fjs j' rJh.
go;go rZb pks tXD fgS'A fJe fdB fe;/ G[b/y/ dk fPeko j' e/ f;zx ih B/ e/;
eNk bJ/. w/w B/ T[BQK tZb t/fynk se Bk. id T[BQK ekoB g[ZfSnk sK w/w B/ fejk
w? sK bzp/ e/;K ftu fizBk ;[zdo s[;hA bZr/ oj/ ;h T[BQK jh e'Mk j[D BIo nk oj/ j'.
2H
43ph wkvb NkT[D, gfNnkbk d/ ;L joh f;zx ih, dk S'Nk bVek e?B/vk ftu
fJzihBhnfozr dh gVQkJh bJh ubk frnk. T[E/ ik e/ x'B w'B j' frnk, ns/ B"eoh
eo e/ fJe r"oh Bkb ftnkj eotk fbnk. eJh ;kb fgS'A, d' pZfunK dk pkg pD
e/ id gfotko ;w/s gfNnkbk/ wkfgnK fwbd nkfJnk. r'oh gsBh T[BQK d/
gfotko d/ dkVh e/;K tkb/ f;Zyh PkB d/y e/ pVh y[P j'Jh. fJe fdB nkgD/ gsh
dh dkVQh gZr tkbh c'N' d/y e/ fJzBh gqGkts j'Jh fe T[; d[pkok e/; dkVQh ns/
d;sko tkbk f;zx pDk fdZsk.
3H
1997^98 ftu b/ye seohpB, ;tk ;kb nwohek d/ Pfjo fBT{:koe ftu ofjD
dk w"ek fwfbnk. fJe fdB fJe ncoheB B"i[nkB f;zx, dbihs f;zx Bkb w/oh
ikB gfjukB j' rJh. dk; B/ T[; g[ZfSnk fe s{z f;Zyh tZb fe; soQK gq/fos
j'fJnk<
T[; B/ dZf;nk fe id w?A ;e{b iKdk ;h, jo o'I, w? fJe pI[or f;Zy, ;c?d bzwh
dkVQh, ;[zdo d;sko ns/ fujos/ ibkb tkb/, ;?o eod/ fwb/ ;B T[BQK dh Py;hnns w?
gqGkfts eo rJh. w?A e{JhBI dh bkfJpq/oh ftu ik e/ f;Zy fJfsjk; dhnK e[ZM feskpK gVQ
e/ fJBQK gqGkfts j'fJnk fe nzfwqs SZe e/ f;zx ;i frnk.@ pkDh sK T[; pj[s nkT[Adh
BjhA ;h go id fJefbnK p?m e/ tkfjr[o{ wzsq dk ikg eodk ;h sK fe;/ tid ftu nk iKdk
;h. g[ZSD s/ T[; B/ dZf;nk w?A j[D pVk y[P jK.
;z;ko Go dh e/Adoh ;z;Ek :{Hn?BHUH (
d/ f;XKs dk gsk bZrk sK, e[ZM u'DthnK pkDhnK ns/ PpdK d/ T[FbEk nzrq/zIh ns/ j'o
GkPktK ftu eotk e/ fJe rqzE fsnko ehsk.
fJe nwoheB y'ih fJfsjk;eko fw;No fsnkBph B/ d[BhnK d/ ;ko/ Xow dk
nfXn?B eoe/ T[BQK XowK d/ pzfdnK fwb e/ ;koh wB[Zysk dk fJfsjk; thj fibdK ftu
fbfynk j?. fJ; wjkB fdtkB fJ; T[go dZ;/ rqqzE dk w[Zy pzd fbyD dh ;/tk ;"Agh rJh.
fwL fsnkBph B/ r[opkDh dk nfXn?B eoe e/ fJj f;ZNk eZfYnk j? fe nkT[D tkb/ ;kfJz;
d/ :[Zr ftu d[BhnK ;'X d/D tkbk fJe' fJe rqzE ;qh r[o{ rzE ;kfjp j?.
fJe fdB fJe nwoheB n"os B/ fwL fsnkBph g[ZfSnk fe s[;hA nkgD/ fBih
sIop/ d/ nkXko s/ fJj dZ;' fe d[BhnK ftu ;G s'A ;z[do wB[Zy e"D j?. T[BQK MZN fJj itkp
fdZsk, y[ZbQh dkVh ns/ d;sko tkbk g{oB r[of;Zy@ Bkb jh id ;G s'A e'M/ fJB;kB pko/
g[ZfSnk frnk T[BQK dk T[FZso ;h, T[j f;Zy fi; B/ e/; dkVQh wz[Bh j't/.@
fJe f;Zy wK
P/o/ gzikp wjkokik oDihs f;zx dk ;G s'A S'Nk g[Zso wjkokik dbhg f;zx B/
nkgD/ nzro/I nfXnkge fwL b"rB dh ;zrhs s'A gqGkts j' e/ pugB ftu e/; eNk fdZs/.
oki wksk wjkokDh fizd e"o nzro/I B/ gfjbK P/yg{o/ d/ feb/ ftu e?d oZfynk fco
nbkjkpkd s'A nZr/ u[Bko d/ febQ/ ftu G/i fdZsk wjkokkDh T[E'A fBeb e/ izrb d/ o;s/
Bhgkb d/ okDk izr pjkdo e'b gj[zu rJh.
ekch id'A ifjd fgS'A ebeZv/ wjkokik dbhg f;zx dh w[bkeks nkgDh wksk Bkb
j'Jh. ;w/A d/ Eg/fVnK ekoB wjkokBh fBYkb j' rJh ;h ns/ nZyK dh i'fs xZN rJh ;h.
id wjkokDh B/ g[Zso r'd ftu fpmk e/ f;o s/ jZE c/fonk, wksk dhnK G[ZpK fBeb
rJhnnK. fgnko Go/ d[yh fjod/ Bkb wksk B/ fJzi fejkL
dbhg ` s/ok oki gkN, ysw s/ ski, e'fjB{o jhok ;G e[ZM nzro/IK B/ s/o/ e'b'A
y'j fbnk, go s/o/ f;o d/ e/; ns/ d;sko s/o/ e'b'A y'j BjhA, fJj s?A nkg fdZs/ jB, s{z
;oeko (wkL oDihs f;zx) dh fJe fBPkBh th BjhA oZy ;fenk.<@
wK dh p'bh sho tKr bZrh s/ g[Zso B/ puB fdZsk fe nZi s'A jh e/; eZND/ SZv fdZs/
ns/ ibdh jh ;jh ;o{g Xko e/ f;zx ;iKrk ns/ fJj puB g{ok eo fdykfJnk id tk;h
s/ ndB dh pzdorkj s/ ijki o[fenk, r[odnkok ;kfjp ik e/ nzfws SZe e/ f;zx ;i
frnk.
eh j[D, nZi dhnK f;Zy wktK fJ; soQK nkgfDnK pZfunK gq/os eoBrhnK<
nfijhnK wktK ns/ ni/j/ g[Zso nZi d[obZG jB.
e/;K dh ehws
g[oksB fJfsjk; s/ Mks wkfonK gsk bZrdk j? fe fJe tko gfNnkbk Pfjo d/ pkBh
pkpk nkbk f;zx ih Bkdko Pkj B/ e?d eo, e/; eZND dk j[ew d/ fdZsk. pkpk ih B/ Bkdo
Pkj fejk fe e/; Bk eZN, w[Zb gk b?. Bkdo Pkj B/ fejk fe w[Zb fJe bZy o[fgnk. pkpk
ih B/ MZN fJe bZy o[L b? e/ e/; puk bJ/. feE/ T[j r[o{ d/ bkb fijV/ nZi d/ fj;kp Bkb
e'Jh eo'V o[fgnk d/ e/ e/; puk b?Ad/ ;h ns/ feE/ T[jj[D d/ f;Zy, fijV/ efjzd/ jB ;kv/
nzdo f;Zyh j?, nkg BkJh g?;/ d/ e/ e/; ns/ dkVQh eNkT[Ad/ jB.
fgnko gkee', ih ebrhnK tkb/ fgsk dk ;ops ;zrs bJh wfo:kdk XkoB eoB
tkbk j[ewBkwk sp[;hA fgVQ fbnk j?. eh j[D Gh nkgDh c'eh dbhb, ;kv/ nzdo f;Zyh j?
pkjob/ fBPkBK dh e'Jh b'V BjhA@ T[go nV/ oj'r/<
dPw/P fgsk dk ;or[D ;o{g (:oho) ;kv/ gk; BjhA go fBor[D ;o{g, ;qh r[o{ rqzE
;kfjp fi; pko/, i'sh i'fs ;wkT[Ds'A gfjbK ;ko/ gzE efj fdZsk w/ok o{g rqzE ih ikB@
ns/
nkgB'g' ;qh ykb;/ dhBk d[fsnk o{g ;fsr[o{ rqzEk] (;op b'j rqzE)
noEL w?A nkgDk nkg ykb;k gzE ;"A fdZsk ns/ w/ok d{;ok o{g ;fsr[o{ rzqE ;kfjp
j?. ;kv/ e'b w"i{d j?.
;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dh pkDh T[gd/P dh eo ojh j?.
;' f;y[ ;yk pzXg[ j? GkJh
fi r[o e/ GkD/ ftfu nkt?]
nkgD? GkD? i' ub? GkJh
ftS[fV u'Nk ykt?] (nze )
sK s/ dPw/P ih B/ fBor[D o{g ;hq r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp d/ puB wzB e/ ;kps ;{ofs
d;sko f;ok@ tkbk j[ew wzBD ftu jh ;kvh GbkJh j? ns/ r[of;Zyh wkor s'A s[oB dk fJj
gfjbk edw j?.
fi; r[o{ B/ nkgDk ;kok e[ZM ;kv/ s/ e[okpkB eo e/ wksk ;[zdoh ih efj fdZsk.
fJj g[soB e/ ;hp; go tkj dhJ/ ;[s uko.