Ubuntu Linux For Novices.3

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..........................................................................................................................................MD5
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.....................................................................................................................................live CD
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live CD ................................................................................................................CD ROM
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..............................................................................................................................theme
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........................................................................................................... Screensaver
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.................................................................................................. Screen Resolution
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.............................................................................................................. 3D
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.......................................................................................................................
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..................................................................................................................Envyng
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........................................................................................................................ Services
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................................................................................................. startup programs
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............................................................................ Reduce Power Consumption
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..............................................................................................startup manger
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: ............................................................................................
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...................................................................................................GetDeb.net
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.............................................................................................source-o-matic
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.................................................................................Medibuntu repository
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: .................................................................................
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............................................................................................................ubuntu update :
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....................................................................................................third party software :
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........................................................................................................ internet updates :
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...........................................................................................................Authentication :
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................................................................................................................. Statistics :
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.....................................................................................................
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.................................................................................................source code :
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................................................................................................. binary file
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.................................................................................................. package file :
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.................................................................................................. Libray
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........................................................................................... software version :
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-1 source code ..........................................................................
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-2 Binary file ................................................................................
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............................................................................................................Real player 11
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...................................................................................................... package mangement :
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...........................................................................................Dependency mangemen :
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: ....................................................................................................
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: ..........................................................................................
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: ...........................................................................................................................
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) / (....................................................................................................
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-3 ...................................................................... dpkg
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: .................................................................................................................................
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: ......................................................................................................................
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-4 .................................................................................. Advanved package tools :
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: ................................................................................................................................
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: ..................................................................................................................................
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: ................................................................................................. configuration files
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-5 .................................................................aptitude
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.......................................................................................................aptitude
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...............................................................................................aptitude
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................................................................................................aptitude
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.....................................................................................aptitude
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...............................................................................
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-6 ................................................................................................
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-7 ..................................................................................................
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-8 Klik ............................................................................................................
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-9 Shell Script ......................................................................................................
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-10 RunPackage ................................................................................................
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-11 ........................................................gdebi
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...................................................................................................
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-12 ........................... Add/Remove Application
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......................................................................................................
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-13 ...........................Synaptic package manger
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-14 .................................................. CNR Client
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-15 .................................................... Easyubuntu
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-16 ................................................Ubuntu Tweak
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-17 ........................................................Ultamatix
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........................................................................................................APTonCD
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...................................................................................................................firefox
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............................................................................................................................Liferea Newsread
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.....................................................................................................................................Thunderbird
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.......................................................................................................
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.................................................................................................................................Evolution :
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.............................................................................................................Mozilla Thunderbird :
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......................................................................................................................................
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.................................................................................................................................................Pidgin
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............................................................................................
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..................................................................................................................................................Ekiga
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....................................................................................................................................WengoPhone
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...............................................................................................
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...............................................................................................................................
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.......................................................................................................................................... Azureus
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.............................................................................................................................................Filezilla
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.................................................................................................................................................Skype
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.................................................................................................................................................Xchat
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....................................................................................................................................Digital Audio
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: ................................................................................................................................
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: ...............................................................................................................................
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: ......................................................................................................................
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...............................................................................................................Multimedia Frameworks
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.......................................................................................................
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................................................................................... playback
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...........................................................................................................................
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...............................................................................................................Rhythmbox Music Player
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-1 ...................................................................................
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-2 ........................................................................................................................Podcasts
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-3 ....................................................................................................................
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.....................................................................................................CD
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................................................................................................................................... Sound Juicer
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..................................................................................................................CD
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................................................................................................................CD
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............................................................................................................................
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....................................................................................................................................... Serpentine
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..................................................................................................................................................Ipod
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................................................................................................................................. ipod
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..............................................................................................................................................Gtkpod
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..........................................................................................Ipod
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....................................................................................................................
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..............................................................................................................GNOME Sound Recorder
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: ....................................................................................................................
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: ...............................................................................................................Audio
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.......................................................................................................................................... Audacity
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.......................................................................................................................................
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................................................................................................................Totem
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............................................................................................................................
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.......................................................................................................................................... Thoggen
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...................................................................................................................................RealPlayer 10
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.................................................................................................................................
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............................................................................................................................Pitivi video editor
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.........................................................................................................................................Audacious
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............................................................................................................................................Mplayer
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...................................................................................................................................................K3B
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.............................................................................................................................................K9Copy
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.............................................................................................................................................Amarok
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............................................................................................................................................Kaffeine
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.................................................................................................................................................Gxine
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...................................................................................................................................................VLC
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.....................................................................................................................................Streamtuner
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...............................................................................................................gThumb
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.........................................................................................................................................The GIMP
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....................................................................................................................F-Spot
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.................................................................................................................F-Spot
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: ..............................................................................F-Spot
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: ...............................................................................F-Spot
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: ....................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................................
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...............................................................................................................Inkscape
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........................................................................................InkScape
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.....................................................................................................................XSane Image Scanner
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............................................................................................................................................Digikam
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............................................................................................MOUNT
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................................................................................................ offline system documentation :
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.................................................................................................online system documentation :
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-1 ..............................................................................................................official
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-2 ..........................................................................................community Docs
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...............................................................................................................Community Support :
443
-1 ...................................................................................................... Mailing lists
444
-2 ........................................................................................................ Web Forums
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-3 ...................................................................................................... IRC Channels
449
-4 ......................................................................................................... LoCo Teams
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-5 ..........................................................................................................Ubuntu Team Wiki
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: ..........................................................................................................Launchpad
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..............................................................................................Launchpad Technical Answers -1
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........................................................................................Launchpad Bug Tracker: Malone - 2
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-3 ............................................................................................................................... Shipit
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........................................................................................................................... The Fridge :
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............................................................................................Paid For Commercial Services :
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....................................................................Professional Support Services from Canonical -1
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.................................................................................................. The Canonical Marketplace -2
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464

:
25 :
:
:
: www.linuxac.org
kasper :
14
15
ubuntu

live CD

,

3
5 ,

%100

16
17
open source

source code

fix bugs

GUI

18

-1 :

:
-2 :

.
.
: .

-3 :

: )
(
-4 :
" " .
.
.
:
.

" " " "

19
-5 :
:
.
.
.

-6 :

: .

-7 :
.
:
-8 : .

.
: ) (
-9 :
.
: . GPL
GPL

20
Free Software Movement, Open Source and Linux

The Free Software Movement

IBM

MIT GNU
) AT&A (
1985
copyleft
copyleft ) (GPL

1991 GNU GCC
GNU compiler collection
kernel
21
Open Source Movement and Linux

) (free software
) (open source
1991 ) ( ) Minix
(

1994 0.01
GPL kernel GNU

CLI
X Window System GUI

kernel
22
GNU/Linux open source code

/

/
-1
-2
-3

1998
""maddog . Perens
.
dot.com
) Corel (Corel Linux ) Sun Microsystems (OpenOffice.org )IBM (OpenAFS
dot.com

23
ubuntu linux

/ laptops
desktops servers Web browser
presentation document spreadsheet
instant messaging " " " "
/ 2004 Mark Shuttleworth
Debian
GNOME http://no-name-yet.com
3 12,000 2007 8
Canonical
Mark Shuttleworth

Thawte
VeriSign 1999 HBD
2001
2002
24

..

.. ..

.
Ubuntu
oo-bunt-oo .

-1
-2 Canonical
-3
-4 CD

8.04 .. 7.10
7.10 8.04 .. ..
2008 8.04 8 2008 04 4 .
7.10
LTS LTS LTS Long Term Support ..
.
25
,
. ,
.
.. .. .
,
, ) ( Spyware ) ( Adware
.
.

, ,
. , ,
100 , .
. D :
.
26

.
, , .
.
, , ,
, , ,
. ,
, ..!
, .
, , , ,
. , ..
, .
..
27
ubuntu versions

2004 6
desktop 3 server 5
.
28
Ubuntu Derivatives

: ubuntu -1 desktop environment

GNOME .
: Kubuntu -2 KDE GNOME

.
: Xubuntu -3 XFC
.
: Edubuntu-4 desktop environment GNOME

.
29
Ubuntu Development and the Community

2004
code advocacy
artwork translations testing .documentation
.
Canonical
.
: developer
fix bugs .
: artist

.
:
.
packager
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MOTU/GettingStarted
30

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/IdeaPool
:
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4 .
-5 .
-6 .
:

-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4 .
:
Canonical

http://www.ubuntu.com/training

Canonical third-party

http://wiki.ubuntu.com/Training

31
Ubuntu and Microsoft Windows: Key Differences

:
-1 :

!!!
-2 :

!!!
-3 :

-4 : Associated Costs
third party
pdf
third party pdf

.
-5 :
.
-6 : New version releases 6

.
32
-7 : Security aspects malware root

, administrative privileges
) root ( .
-8 : Customisation
ubuntu & kubuntu & xubuntu & Edubuntu ,
ubuntu KDE
24000
.
-9 : Data Storage
backing up home
.
33
malware
malware

home

34
35
36

www.ubuntu.com
ubuntu live CD http://www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/download
MD5
..
MD5
MD5 SFV ) (
UBUNTU MD5 .
MD5
MD5

.

md5summer ) (ISO
.CD

http://www.md5summer.org

:
- 1 MD5 .
- 2 Md5 .
- 3 ISO .
- 4 calculate . MD5
- 5 compare .

MD5 check sums are the same .
37
CD
)(Nero 6
- 1 CD/ DVD /Image
- 2 burn image to disk
-3 ) (ISO .
38
39
-4 writing speed 8x
verify data of disk after burning
.
next finish ubuntu live CD
40
41
live CD
.
) (live ) ( live CD ) (USB flash memory
) (hard disk
) ( RAM MEMORY
live CD
-1 live CD

.
- 2 live CD ) (GUI .
- 3 ROOT .
- 4 rescue .
- 5 boot loader .
- 6 ) (repartition .
- 7 , live CD

. ) ...(
RAM
.
- 8
.
- 9 live CD

. ) ( hardware
.
42
-10
live CD live CD
.
-11

) (.

liveCD
.reboot live CD .

live CD
-1 reboot Delete .
-2 advanced BIOS features
-3
CD ROOM
hard disk
floppy disk
first boot device :

second boot device :
third boot device :
43
f10 restart
44
45
live CD CD ROM
.
English
install ubuntu
46
47
:
-1 try ubuntu without any change to your computer CD
Live CD
-2 ubuntu check CD for defects

ubuntu installation steps

:
English .
:
.
forward
48
:
) (Arabic .
forward
49
50
prepartition

IDE/ATA
/dev/hda = Primary master
The main hard disk in the computer and the one that is booted by default
: hda A

hda1= C
hda5= D
hda6= E
hda7= F
D hda2 Primary Partitions
c primary partition hda1
extended logical partitions extended 2 4 logical
extended 5
dev/hdb :Primary slave
A hard disk connected to the same IDE cable as the main hard disk On the CD/DVD drive is connected to the
primary slave some budget compute
: hdb
CDROM DVD B
hdb1=G
hdb5=H
hdb6=I
hdb7=J
/dev/hdc : Secondary master Usually, this is the CD/DVD drive
/dev/hdd : Secondary slave A hard disk connected to the same IDE cable as the CD/DVD drive

SATA hd sd c sda1
hda1
51
hda4
hda3
hda1
hda2
hda1=C
hda8=G
hda7=F
hda6=E
hda5=D
Primary
52
prepartition

fat32 & NTFS & EXT2 & EXT3
REISERFS

EXT2&EXT3
EXT3

VFAT&NTFS

SWAP

C
REISERFS
Journaled

EXT2&EXT3

.
53

prepare disk space

) (back up

.
54

guided resize IDE master , partition 5 # (hda5) and use freed space :

slider
. 4 .
.
we must be free up enough disk space
55
:
-1 ) (Disk defragment : C
C
. Disk defragmenter
-1 my computer C
-2 properties tools Defragment new
C Defragment
56
-2 ) (clean up : C

.
Disk cleanup ok
57
-3 ): (Turn off System Restore

.
12 % C C 10
1200

-1 my computer properties System Restore
-2 turn off system restore on all drives
-3 yes Apply OK
58
-4 : hibernation
1000 C
-1 start control panal power options

-2 Hibernate Enable hibernation
: uninstalling unused software -5

59
: Guided use entire disk :

) (hard disk format
.
:
master slave
. master slave
primary logical
: : manual

-1
-2 root swap home
-3 SWAP & REISERFS
10 .
swap RAM
60
61
:
:
Manual NTFS
Fat32 EXT3
) (partition :
C = dev/hda1
D = dev/hda5
E = dev/hda6
62

-1 partition
-2 Delete partition . free space
-3 Edit partition
: ROOT
.
: 9557MB
: EXT3
: /
: ) (SWAP
SWAP 995MB
:

) (performance ) (virtual memory .
ROOT SWAP
63
swap )(mb
Swap
Physical RAM
384
256
768
512
1536
1024
3072
2048
:

undo changes to partitions root . swap
:

) (root ) ( EXT3 .
64
:Migrate documents and settings :

... my documents
:
.
-1
-2
-3
-4
Ready to install :

65
Restart new
ubuntu
66
67
ubuntu linux
68
69
70
Desktop enviroment

Explorer
3
My Computer
Internet Explorer
My Network Places
,

-1

-2

-3

hung

71

X Window System
X X

Xfree86.org
:
-1 X

-2 KDE GNOME
GNOME
KDE
Xfree86
72

-1

-2

-3
Explorer
-4

-5

-6

-7

-8

-9

10

73

: GNOME -1
GTK

:KDE -2

QT
74
: XFCE -3

: XPDE -4
75
76

GNOME GNU Network Object Model Environment
GUI

,

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME

77

upper bar lower bar

3 System Places Applications

: Applications -1
78
: Places -2

home folder
multi-user
: System -3
79

3 Mozilla Firefox Evolution Help

-1 Add to panel
-2 Add
drag and drop Application
Application Launcher
80
Application Games

Add
81
move

F11

82

SYSTEM TRY
shut down
shuts down & restarts & hibernates & locks & standby
: Switch User
: Lock Screen .. Alt+Ctrl+L
: Log Out
: Shut Down
: Restart
:Hibernate .. Hibernate

..
83

2
,
) (
trash

84

work space

CTRL+ALT
CTRL+ALT+SHIFT

85
2
Preferences

;,;,
86

Waste basket
open
Delet from trash

cut paste
87

-1
C windows fonts
copy
-2 ubuntu linux home place Ctrl+H

creat folder .fonts
home
font .fonts
-3 home
system < preference<Appearance<fonts
88

home

-1 fonts
-2 fonts home fonts2go
-3 MyFonts
sudo mkdir /usr/share/fonts/truetype/MyFonts

-4 fonts2go
sudo cp fonts2go/*.ttf /usr/share/fonts/truetype/MyFonts

Microsoft's TrueType Core Fonts
Times New Roman , Arial , Verdana ,

msttcorefonts
Forward
89

fonts Google font_name.ttf

www.fontfreak.com
www.fontparadise.com
http://fonts.tom7.com

fontforge Synaptic Package Manger
R
90

-1 system < prefrences < keyboard
-2 layouts choose
-3 choose a layout
-4 Arabic Default
-5 layout Add Arabic
91
92
-6 layout options short key

shift
-7 Alt+Shift

Alt+Shift
,
Alt +Shift
93
-8
Add to the panal keyboard indicator
94

100
,
:
-2 install
-3 arabic applay ok logoff logon
95

APPearance Preference
-1 system < preference<Appearance<fonts
-2
LCD Subpixel smoothing
Details
96
Customising the Desktop

Change Desktop Background Appearance preferences

Appearance preferences Background
97

http://art.gnome.org/
-1 Background
-2 Add
-3
colours
98
99
100

theme
buttons, scroll bars, icons, panels, borders 3
-1
101
-2 customise theme controls & colours

& window & Border & icon & pointer
save as
102
-3
http://art.gnome.org/
install

-1
-2 install
-4 Apply
-5
103
104

Screensaver

-2 Screensaver
105

Screen Resolution
-1
-2
-3 Apply

106

CompizFusion

,
) 3D (
CompizFusion

http://doc.ubuntu.com/-ubuntu/desktopguide/C/graphics-cards.html
107

-1 Hardware Drivers

-2 ) check box(
-3 3D Enable Dirver
-4 ) (
-5
-6
Alt +Ctrl+back space
108
109
-7
:
sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager fusion-icon
-8 visual effectes Extra
-9 close keep settings
110
EnvyNG Ati & Nvidia

,
, EnvyNG Python PyGTK
:
-1 graphic card Ati & Nvidia
-2 Ati & Nvidia
-3 package driver
-4 configuration Xserver
-5
:

sudo envy --uninstall-all
:
Python
PyGTK

Ubuntu Hardy Heron 8.04
EnvyNG-Core
http://albertomilone.com/ubuntu/nvidia/scripts/envyng/envyng-core/envyng-core_1.1.1ubuntu4_all.deb
EnvyNG-GTK
http://albertomilone.com/ubuntu/nvidia/scripts/envyng/envyng-gtk/envyng-gtk_1.1.1ubuntu2_all.deb
EnvyNG-QT
http://albertomilone.com/ubuntu/nvidia/scripts/envyng/envyng-qt/envyng-qt_1.1.1ubuntu2_all.deb
111

http://albertomilone.com/envyngfaq.html#A
112

Services
,
,

-1 system>Administration>Services
-2 " ,"Unlock , Authenticate
-3 bluetooth
bluetooth device management
113
114

startup programs

,

-1 System < Preference < Sessions
-2 bluetoot hmanger

115

Reduce Power Consumption
Powertop
laptop
.

powertop

sudo powertop
powertop

116

Startup Mnger

-1 Add/Remove Applaction
-2 strart install All
-3 Apply
-4
-5
117
118

Startup Manger
Boot options :
119
Appearance :
120
Security :

update password
121
122
Advanced :
123
124
linux file system standard

:ROOT /
:SWAP virtual memory paging file
/ var & /tmp &/home & /usr

: /var email web
site packaging system cache
:/tmp temporary files

:/home

:/ usr
/ usr/bin
/ usr/lib
/ usr/local
/usr/sbin/
/usr/share/doc/
/usr/doc/
125

File system Hierarchy Standard
" "
windows file system hierarchy standard FHS ) (
.
adderss bar windows partition C partition
directory .file
mouse double click my computer
C partition directory file
adderss bar C:\directory\file
C partition lib etc
/etc etc / /etc/passwd passwd etc
/ . path
126
:
: / -1 root /
)(mandatory
:/bin -2 single user mode rescue
) (subdirectory binary
)(mandatory
:/boot -3
Ram
inittab fstab vmlinuz
- - Ram
)(mandatory
: / dev-4 devices
devices terminal floppy disk hard disk devices
fd hd )( mandatory
: /etc -5 . boot x window
. )(mandatory
:/home -6 home directory .
/ home/user .
).(optional
-7
:/lib shared
libraries
libraries single user mode
/usr )(mandatory
: /mnt -8 temprory mount cdrom floppy
partition )(optional
127
: / opt -9 thired party

)(optional
: /proc- 10 - - virtual filesystem virtual
hard disk process .
trouble shooting I/O ports devices interrupts
)(optional
:/root -11 home directory
home root /
)(optional
: /sbin-12 bin qoutaon
shutdown mkfs )(mandatory
: /tmp -13 ) (mandatory
: /usr-14 - - .
start up emergency
/ . start up - hard disk
) (mount ). (
) (mount read only )(mandatory
: /var - 15 login
login printer -
ftp server ftp
www )(mandatory
: lost+found -16 partition partition 7
7 fsck check filesystem system crash
-fsck-

128
Pwd
Dir
Mkdir directory_name
Cd directory_name
Cd /
Cd /home/kasper/Desktop
Cd ..
Desktop kasper
cd../..
Desktop home
~Cd
~~Cd
cd ~user

ls :
-1
-2 ) (
-3
ls
])[(command -[option(s)] [argument(s

) (

ls

129
ls
ls
ls -a
ls -f
) / & * (
ls -l
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
ls -al
ls -R
ls -aR
*ls
*Ls d
? Ls
??? Ls
*]ls [a-z
a z
*]ls [e-z
e z
ls -al ; cd /
ls -al ; cd / ; pwd
ls -al /etc | more
pipe
etc /
more

130
131
Software Source

-1
source
Software repositories

-2

-2 Software repositories
-1
Main
Restricted -2
Universe -3
Multiverse -4

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Repositories/Ubuntu
-3 Software repositories
-1
-2
-3
-4
:
:
http://packages.ubuntu.com/hardy /
http://packages.ubuntu.com
132
software source
:
terminal
-1 Application Accessories
-2 Terminal

GetDeb.net
-1 :
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
sources.list /etc/apt
-2 :
deb http://ubuntu.org.ua/ getdeb/
-3
sudo apt-get update
GetDeb.net
update-manager
133
source-o-matic
ubuntu source.list ubuntu
http://www.ubuntu-nl.org/source-o-matic

-1
-2 send Step two: select repositories
-3 select creat sources .list
Default repositories :
Nonstandard repositories :
-4 creat sources.list , Desktop
sources.list
-5
cd Desktop
-6 sources.list
sudo cp sources.list /etc/apt

-7
sudo apt-get update
-8
sudo apt-get upgrade
134
Medibuntu repository
:
)(
) ( libdvdcss DVD
VideoLAN w32codecs
Mplayer & xine

http://www.medibuntu.org
:
Patent copyright ,
format ,

http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/philosophy

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/FreeFormats
135
Free and Non-free Components

Medibuntu
:
GNU General Public License
:

Amarok Kaffeine
Medibuntu

Google Earth Adobe Acrobat Reader

-1 Applications < Accessories < Terminal
sudo wget http://www.medibuntu.org/sources.list.d/hardy.list -O /etc/apt/sources.list.d/medibuntu.list
-2 ) validation key (
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install medibuntu-keyring && sudo apt-get update
136
:

Medibuntu repository ,

) acroread (Acrobat Reader
alsa-firmware -- needed for some audio cards
AMR and FAAC support in MPlayer and FFmpeg
googleearth
)restricted video codecs (ppc-codecs, w32codecs, w64codecs
Skype

http://www.medibuntu.org/packages.php

sudo sed -e 's/ non-free//' -i /etc/apt/sources.list.d/medibuntu.list

Medibuntu libdvdcss 2 DVDs
) (w32codecs, w64codecs, ppc-codecs formats

http://packages.medibuntu.org/pool
137
Duplicate Source List

Source List
,
)(

*find *sources
:
sources.list

) ~ (
138

http://packages.ubuntu.com/
http://packages.ubuntu.com/hardy/
http://packages.ubuntu.com/hardy-updates/
http://packages.ubuntu.com/hardy-backports/ :*http://packages.ubuntu.com/hardy-backports/main/newpkg

-1
>sudo apt-cache search <package-name
-2 synaptic package manger

-1 package_name.deb
-2
-3
-4 third party
-5
139
Add software source from GUI
:
Software Repositories
ubuntu
package ubuntu
24.000
Software Repository Categories
software source
official repositories software

:

nonofficial repositories software

:

) (multimedia playback software

source list
140
Software Sources

: ubuntu software :
) (Software Repository Categories :
-1
-2
-3 CD/DVD UBUNTU
UBUNTU DVD

141

Software Repository components

:
:MAIN -1 Software package canonical team
package
Apache web server Abiword
DVD
: universe component -2 package ) (canonical

:restricted component -3 ubuntu
binary form ) (closed source
open source

DVD
: multiverse component-4 non-free software

vlc
) (Adobe Flash plugin
-5 ) :( source code ) (programming
programming language ) (++c & c
) (compile binary file

142
Installing packages without an Internet connection

ubuntu CD-ROM/DVD Main Restricted
categories DVD CD package manger
ubuntu CD-ROM/DVD

package manger
.System Administration Software Sources -1
-2 third Party Software Add CD-ROM
-3 ubuntu DVD

: third party software :

, package

143

-1 Add
-2 deb http ://ftp.debian .org sarge main
APT line
-3 close
144
-5 Reload
) (update package
Reload
:

:
third-party software
conflict ,

: internet updates :
updates
145
146
update manger 8

install updates
147

important security updates
security flaws
24 packages Security Updates server

Recommended Updates
packages
bug fixes
quick patches critical bug
pre-released updates

Mozilla Firefox Beta
Backported Updates

Automatic updates
:
-1
-2
-3
148
: Authentication :

Authentication

digital signature
Signing Key GPG key
GPG key

: Software Repositories

: DVD
: third-party repositories
: Authentication tab
server save as
149
GPG key
missing Synaptic Package Manager

" Public Key Error
: Statistics :
Ubuntu developers
ubuntu
150
151
format of Linux installation files

web site download
( formats)
source code binary file self installing binaries package
:

1- Installing Source code from command line
2- Installing Binary file from command line
3- Installing/Uninstalling/Querying Debian Packages from command line with dpkg
4- Installing/Uninstalling/Querying/update/upgrade Debian Packages from command line with APT
5- Installing/Uninstalling Debain Packages from command line with aptitude
6- Installing/Uninstalling redhat Packages from command line with APT
7- Installing Autopackage from command line
8- Installing Klik package from command line
9- Installing Shell Script from command line
10- Installing RunPackage from command line
11- Install and uninstall Debian Packages from GUI by using Gdebi
12- Install and uninstall application from GUI by using Add/Remove Applications
13- Install and uninstall application from GUI by using Synaptic package mange
14- Install and uninstall application from GUI by using CNR Client
15- Install and uninstall application from GUI by using Easy ubuntu
16- Install and uninstall application from GUI by using ubuntu tweak
17- Install and uninstall application from GUI by using ultamatix
152
source code

-1 source code
) (programming programming language
) (C++ & C
-2 source code

-3 source code

single archive file tarballs gzip bzip2

-4 source code
) ( third party system file compatible
) (installer
-5 source code
http://sourceforge.net
153
binary file

-1 binary file

: compile source code crush
compile
: compile source code
scripts
-2 compile
source code binary file permission
-3 binary file
binary file single archive file tarballs gzip bzip2

- 4 self installing binaries

open office.org
) (GUI
154
Package File

-1 package file
compile

- 2 package file
ubuntu package packagename .deb
packagename .rpm fedora & suse Linux & mandriva
- 3 compatible package file

package package
package

-4 package
Alien ubuntu
ubuntu
susepackage .rpm rpm deb
155
Library

/lib , /usr/lib , usr/local/lib , /opt/lib

librarname.so

libcrypt-2-1-3.so
libcrypt :
2 :

1:
3:
156

statically compiled application

statically

dynamically compiled application

dynamically
157
Software versions

-1

) ( source code ) (compile ) (package files

) (compile )(ubuntu developers

-2
) (source code
:
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
-5 software pakage
158
Installing Source code from command line

) (source code ,
precompiled archive
:
-1
-2
-3 Binary
-4
source code

:
Rclick Extract Here

159
:
desktop kasper

Extracted tarball's folder
cd /home/kasper/Desktop /Extracted tarball's folder

./configure

make
root
sudo make install

160
Installing Binary file from command line

-1 binary file
) ( compile
source code
-2
binary_name.bin
-3
binaryfile test.bin desktop
kasper
: binaryfile permission to execute
Properties
:
/home/kasper/Desktop/test.bin
161

-1
chmod a+x /home/kasper/Desktop/test.bin
-2
sudo ./test.bin
:
.bin GPL

162
:
Real player Real Player.bin

-1
http://www.real.com/realcom/R?href=http://forms.real.com/real/player/download.html?f=unix/RealPlayer11GOLD.bin
-2
cd Desktop
-3
sudo -s
) (
-4
chmod a+x RealPlayer11GOLD.bin
-5
./RealPlayer11GOLD.bin
163
package mangement

) (program name .exe
) (unpack

package
package files
package package mangement system
ubuntu dpkg & APT

-1 ) (data base
)(hard disk
-2 )(version number
-3
-4 refrsh unstill reinstall
164
Dependency mangement

package system mangement
Dependency

Dependency

Dependency
) (libraries ) (file name .dll GNU C

package system mangement
Revers dependeny management

package ) (incompatible ) (conflict
.
package manger package ) (broken
) (dependency ) , (package package manger

un dependency

165

-1
packag mangement package commen files

-2 package update

-3
commen package

-4 package conflict

166
Dependency Hell

package

Oscar command line
big bird big bird
Snuffleupagus
Mr Hooper
package manger

Firefox command line
Ekiga Internet phone Firefox Ekiga
yelp help system
Package manger
167
Package Management System Components

dpkg & APT
dpkg
,

. package

APT
dpkg dpkg
) (Advanced Package Tool ) ( APT )(dependency
) ( APT APT
) ( software repositories DVD
missing packages
dpkg APT
168
Installing/Uninstalling Debian Packages from command line

synaptic
command line dpkg APT synaptic package
manger
Debian Package Manager

dpkg
dpkg command line :
-1 building packages
-2
dpkg sudo sudo = super user do
sudo ROOT sudo
package database
dependency tree

dpkg dependecy
dependencies
dependency tree dpkg
missing dependencies
169
Installing/Uninstalling Debian Packages from command line with dpkg

:
packagename.deb Desktop

abiword-gnome_2.2.2-1ubuntu2.2_i386.deb
-1
cd Desktop/
-2
sudo dpkg -i packagename.i 386. deb
170
compatible
debain package compatible
ubuntu debain format debain xandros
) ( packagename.deb ubuntu
compatible
:
packag
sudo dpkg -r packagename
Revers dependeny
packag

configuration files
configuration files
sudo dpkg -P packagename
:
Querying Packages
-1
dpkg -l packagename
-2
dpkg -s packagename |less
-3 ) ( query
dpkg -I packagename.i386.deb |less
171
Advanved package tools

-1 APT
Advanved package tools

-2 APT
APT
: Shell commands
: ) (GUI Synaptic package manger
-3 APT
APT
-1
-2 APT software repositories
-3 dpkg APT
-4 APT
apt-get apt-cache dpkg
-5 APT dpkg
APT
-1
-2 dependencies libraries
-3
dpkg
dpkg

172
Installing/Uninstalling Debian Packages from command line with APT

-1
sudo apt-get install packagename
dpkg APT
download source.list dpkg
APT

-2
sudo apt-get remove packagename
APT
Y N
-3 configuration files
sudo apt-get remove --purge packagename
-4
sudo apt-get install links
173
apt-get ,
dpkg
-5

Sudo apt-get install package1 package2 package3

AbiWord word processor

sudo apt-get install abiword-gnome
additional package abiword-common
package list
firefox

sudo apt-get remove firefox
gnome-app-install & yelp apt-get
Y
N
174
-6
Query Package Repositories
) apt-cache (
apt-cache search packagename
package name description
) scroll (

apt-cache search packagename |less
dependencies suggested packages

apt-cache depends packagename |less

apt-cache show packagename |less
installed packages repository databases
175
-7

sudo apt-get update
-8

-1
sudo apt-get upgrade
-2 ) ubuntu7.10 ( ubuntu8.04
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
packages
configuration files
-9

apt-get help
APT
www.debian.org/doc/manuals/apt-howto
:
dpkg APT ,Cant get a lock
Synaptic Package Manager Software Updates package database
Installing/Uninstalling Debain Packages from command line

aptitude
-1
-2
-3 apt-get
-4 apt-get
-5 sudo
-6
176
177

-1
sudo aptitude install package
aptitude
Y N
-2
aptitude search package
- -3
sudo aptitude remove package
configuration files
-4 configuration files
sudo aptitude purge package
configuration files
178

tcsh shell -1
$ sudo aptitude install tcsh

Reading package lists... Done

Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Reading extended state information
Initializing package states... Done
Building tag database... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
tcsh
0 packages upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 0B/338kB of archives. After unpacking 709kB will be used.
Writing extended state information... Done
Selecting previously deselected package tcsh.
(Reading database ... 119619 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking tcsh (from .../tcsh_6.14.00-7_i386.deb) ...
Setting up tcsh (6.14.00-7) ...
apache2.2-common -2
$ sudo aptitude install apache2.2-common
...
The following NEW packages will be automatically installed:
apache2-utils libapr1 libaprutil1 libpq5
The following NEW packages will be installed:
apache2-utils apache2.2-common libapr1 libaprutil1 libpq5
Need to get 0B/1698kB of archives. After unpacking 5407kB will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?] y
...
Y aptitude
N
179

tcsh -1
$ sudo aptitude remove tcsh
...
The following packages will be REMOVED:
tcsh
Need to get 0B of archives. After unpacking 709kB will be freed.
Writing extended state information... Done
(Reading database ... 120025 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing tcsh ...
...
configuration files aptitude

apache2.2-common -2
$ sudo aptitude remove apache2.2-common
...
The following packages are unused and will be REMOVED:
...
apache2.2-common
...
aptitude
Y
N
180
apache2.2-common -3
$ sudo aptitude purge apache2.2-common
...
The following packages are unused and will be REMOVED:
...
apache2.2-common{p}
...
Purging configuration files for apache2.2-common ...
...
configuration files purge

181

]aptitude options command [package-list
sudo
autoclean
clean
download
full-upgrade
APT cache download

APT cache

safe upgrade

install
download unpacks install source.list

purge
reinstall
source.list configuration files

download unpacks install source.list
upgrade
remove
package source.list
configuration files
safe-upgrade
search
source.list

show
update

source.list
182

show-deps D
download-only d
unpack install
download-only f
purge-unused
help h
simulate s
assume-yes y
commands options

aptitude ,

Keep the System up to date

:
-1 fix bugs
-2 driver
-3 fix security bugs
-4
$ sudo aptitude update
]Get:1 http://security.ubuntu.com hardy-security Release.gpg [191B
]Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com hardy Release.gpg [191B
]Get:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com hardy-updates Release.gpg [191B
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com hardy-security Release
]Get:4 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com hardy Release [65.9kB
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com hardy-security/main Packages
...
)Fetched 6941kB in 37s (187kB/s
Reading package lists... Done
:
source.list
183
upgrade the system

aptitud upgrade
-1 : safe-upgrade

-2 : full-upgrade

:
source list
update
$ sudo aptitude update

...
$ sudo aptitude safe-upgrade
...
The following packages will be upgraded:
belocs-locales-bin libpam-modules libpam-runtime libpam0g
Need to get 571kB of archives. After unpacking 0B will be used.
...

Y N
:
$ sudo aptitude full-upgrade

184

source.list

:
Text Editor vim
$ aptitude search vim
)- Japanized VIM (Canna version
)- Documentation for jvim (Japanized VIM
- Vi IMproved - enhanced vi editor
- Vi IMproved - Common files
- Vi IMproved - HTML documentation
- Vi IMproved - enhanced vi editor - full fledged version
- Vi IMproved - enhanced vi editor - with GNOME2 GUI
install
configuration files
configuration files
virtual package
gvim
jvim-canna
jvim-doc
vim
vim-common
vim-doc
vim-full
vim-gnome
v
p
p
i
i
p
p
p
...
185

, show
nfs-common
$ aptitude show nfs-common
Package: nfs-common
State: installed
Automatically installed: yes
Version: 1:1.1.1~git-20070709-3ubuntu1
Priority: optional
Section: net
Maintainer: Ubuntu Core Developers <ubuntu-devel-discuss@lists.ubuntu.com>
Uncompressed Size: 504k
Depends: portmap | rpcbind, adduser, ucf, lsb-base (>= 1.3-9ubuntu3),
netbase (>= 4.24), initscripts (>= 2.86.ds1-14.1ubuntu1), libc6 (>=
2.6-1), libcomerr2 (>= 1.33-3), libevent1 (>= 1.3b), libgssapi2,
libkrb53 (>= 1.6.dfsg.1), libnfsidmap2, librpcsecgss3, libwrap0
Conflicts: nfs-client
Replaces: nfs-client, nfs-kernel-server (< 1:1.0.7-5), mount (< 2.13~)
Provides: nfs-client
Description: NFS support files common to client and server.
Use this package on any machine that uses NFS, either as client or server.
Programs included: lockd, statd, showmount, nfsstat, gssd and idmapd.
Upstream: SourceForge project "nfs", CVS module nfs-utils.
Homepage: http://nfs.sourceforge.net/
186

sound&video
Internet
Debian

!!!
:
Debian menu

-1 menu-xdg
-2 restart )(ctrl + alt + backspace
-3 Debian
-4 Debian
187
Installing/Uninstalling redhat Packages from command line

-1 RPM
RPM & Fedora Core & SUSE Linux
Mandriva RPM
RPM= redhat package manger
-2 redhat package manger

packagename.rpm
-3 RPM
packagename.rpm packagename.deb
Alien
sudo apt-get install alien
:
test.rpm desktop
kasper command line
sudo alien -i /home/kasper/Desktop/test.rpm
188
Installing Autopackage from command line

-1 autopackage
autopackage
autopackage
-2 autopackage
packagename.package
-3 autopackage
: test.package desktop
kasper
: autopackage permission to execute
Properties permissions
Execute owner
: command line
/home/kasper/Desktop/test.package
installer
189
Installing Klik package from command line

Klik
-1 klik package
software repository //:klik
//:http hyperlink

-2 Klik package
packagename.cmg
http://klik.atekon.de/
-3 Klik package
-1 synaptic package manger
binutils libstdc++5 rpm gnome - about
-2
wget klik.atekon.de/client/install -O -|sh
Klik client Klik package

-3
-4 double click packagename.cmg
-5 delete packagename.cmg
190
Installing Shell Script from command line

-1 shell

shell
shell command line
-2 BASH
shell Bourne Again Shell

-3 Shell Script
form shell script
programming languages perl script
shell script
boot script
GUI network init
-4 Shell Script Installer

scriptname.sh scriptname.bash
191
-5 Shell Script
script test.sh desktop
kasper
: script.sh permission to execute
Properties
permissions script
Execute owner
: script command line
Sh /home/kasper/Desktop/test.sh
192
Installing RunPackage from command line

-1 RunPackage
RunPackage

-2 RunPackage
Packagename.run
-3 Runpackage

-1 Packagename.run File Browser Nautilus
-2 Packagename.run permission to execute
Properties
permissions Runpackage
Execute owner
-3 Double-click Run in Terminal
-4
193

chmod a+x /home/kasper/Desktop/test.run

sudo ./filename.run
194
Install and uninstall Debian Packages from GUI by using Gdebi

Gdebi
Gdebi dependencies
Ubuntu repositories
Gdebi
add/remove applaction & synaptic package manger & update manger

-1
http://www.debian.org/distrib/packages
-2
http://packages.ubuntu.com

-1 avg75fld.deb
http://free.grisoft.com/doc/5390/us/frt/0?prd=afl
-2 packagename.deb
-3 double click gdebi
Install

!!!!
ROOT
195
196

-1 Applications Accessories AVG for Linux workstation
-4

command line Synaptic Package Manager
197
Install and uninstall application

,
) (debain

) (package manger

mouse
Tyepes of package mangers

.

Package manger ) ( command line
Package manger
) (GUI

Package manger
198

Add/Remove Applications
Add/Remove ) ( popular package

-1 :
: ) (categories
: ) ( Application ) (category

-2 : ) (search

-1 Application

-2 package

!!!
199
Add/Remove application
Application Add/ Remove application add/remove application

Install and uninstall application from GUI by using Add/Remove Applications

200

Games
Atomix Apply change

201
Apply

......................................... !!!
202
)(

Apply
203

-1 Add/Remove Applaction show All available applications
-2 search restricted Ubuntu restricted extras
204
-3 copyright
-4
-5
copyright Applay change
-6 Apply
-7
205
206
Install and uninstall application from GUI by using Synaptic package manger
:
) ( APT

) (Terminal )(command line

) (GUI APT Synaptic package manger
Synaptic package manger
:
Add/Remove application add/remove
) ( popular package synaptic package manger
search

synaptic package manger

-1
-2 Add/Remove application
-3
-4
-5 conflict
-6
-7 queue
-8 origin ) filter (
-9

207
:1
e-mail client email search
,mailing e-mail, mail
: 2
graphics drivers for your ATI Radeon card package
Radeon search
synaptic package manger

root
208


categories
209
:
abiword
-1 abiword search
-2 abiword mark for installation
210
-3 Synaptic Package Manager dependency abiword -common

mark
-4 Apply
-5 Apply
211
-6 close
Abi-word
212
213
: Uninstall Packages
status Installed ,

-1
-2 search
-3
-1
Mark for Remova Mark for Complete Removal configuration -2 Apply
-3 Apply
-4
214
215
Install and uninstall application from GUI by using CNR Client

-1 CNR
one-click digital software delivery service
,
. Linspire CNR , CNR

-2 CNR.com
,

CNR.com ,

-3 CNR.com
CNR.com
Debian Fedora Freespire Linspire openSUSE Ubuntu
-4 CNR.com
-1 User reviews charts screenshots
-2
CNR.com
216
-5 CNR YAST apt-get

-1
-2
-3
-4 codecs
-5 ,DVD Player, StarOffice, games, accounting programs, Win4Lin
Crossover Office, Cedega
-6
-7 CNR.com
-8
-9

-10
-11 server bandwidth
-12
-13
-14 CNR.com
-15
-16 CNR 98%
-17 CNR.com
-18 CNR.com
-19 24 7

-20 source code
-21
-22
-23
217
-6 codecs drivers CNR.com

CNR.com
mp3 , Windows Media, Quick Time, Java, Flash, ATI drivers, nVidia , drivers
-7 CNR
, CNR
-8 account CNR

-9 CNR.com
commercial software CNR.com

-10 CNR
CNR.com one-click installation
CNR Client
CNR.com
-11 CNR Client

CNR.com server CNR Client
, CNR Client
CNR.com
-12 CNR Client

,
CNR Client CNR Client
.CNR Service
-13 CNR.com
, CNR
95%
218
-14 CNR
, CNR CNR ,
packagename.deb packagename.rpm ,

-15 as apt-get YAST CNR
-16 break CNR apt-get YAST

CNR same version repository CNR
CNR , ,

, ubuntu8.04
8.04 , 7.10
mix repositories 7.10
dependency
multiple warehouse pools
CNR pools multiple warehouse pools
-17 CNR
CNR software repositories
free open source software , commercial software
CNR
http://www.cnr.com/supportPages/publish.seam
-18 CNR
, . break
unstable CNR
219
-19 CNR.com
Linspire, Inc CNR Linspire & Freespire
CNR Debian Ubuntu Freespire Linspire openSUSE
Fedora
20 CNR Linspire Freespire

-21 CNR
220
-22
Ubuntu Novell OpenSuse
http://www.aitnews.com/index.php?opt...tails&nid=4123
Linspire Lindows
Windows
Ubuntu Linspire :
Linspire -1 freespire .. ubuntu
-2 ubuntu CNR ..
..
-3 7.04 CNR .. ...
... .. CNR ..
.. CNR
-23 CNR
CNR ubuntu7.04 ubuntu 7.10 ubuntu 8.04
Larry Kettler
,
CNR Warehouse Larry Kettler
1000,000
90%
221
Install and uninstall application from GUI by using CNR Client

CNR Client
CNR Client -1
http://packages.cnr.com/data/gratis/pool/c/cnr-client/0.2.3202/cnr-client_0.2.3202_i386.deb
desktop -2
-3
cd ~/Desktop
CNR Client -4
sudo dpkg -i cnr-client_0.2.3202_i386.deb

sudo apt-get -f install
Applications System Tools CNR CNR Client -5
222
-6 CNR Client
-7
http://www.cnr.com
-8 opera install Now
-9 CNR Client
-10 shortcut desktop
223
224

http://easyubuntu.freecontrib.org
-1 easyubuntu dvds
drivers Nvidia Ati
easyubuntu GPL
-2 easyubuntu kubuntu xubuntu
) x86 ( ) AMD64 ( ) PPC (
-3 easyubuntu mp3 DVD Tux Racer 3
-4 easyubuntu
-5 easyubuntu sources.list

-6

http://easyubuntu.freecontrib.org/HtmlDocs/index.html
225

-1
wget http://easyubuntu.freecontrib.org/files/easyubuntu_latest.deb
-2
wget -q http://medibuntu.sos-sts.com/repo/medibuntu-key.gpg -O- | sudo apt-key add -
-3
sudo dpkg -i easyubuntu_latest.deb
Easy ubuntu
226
Multimedia
: Enhance video player -1 multimedia backend
totem-xine totem-gstreamer
-2
: Free Codecs Free Codecs non-free formats
: Binary Codecs -3 Binary Codecs w32codecs

x86
: libdvdcss-4 libdvdcss DVD
-5
: MIDI midi files
Web
: Flash -1 Macromedia Flash plugin x86
: Java -2 x86, amd64 IBM java ppc
: Videos -3
Archives
: RAR -1 RAR archives
: ACE-2 ACE archives
: 7zip -3 Zip archives
System
: Repository list -1 Main, Universe, Multiverse and PLF
-2
Fonts
: fonts
-3
DMA
: Direct Memory Access DVD
-4
Nvidia
: official driver Nvidia 3D
-5
ATI
-1
Wengo
-2
Skype
: VoIP x86
: official driver ATI 3D
Voice Over IP
227
ubuntu tweak

add/remove third party

http://ubuntu-tweak.com/about
ubuvtu tweak 3.5

-1 Add/Remove & Third Party Sources
-2 GUI
-3 third party
-4 third party
-5

http://ubuntu-tweak.com/downloads
source code
ubuuntu_tweak .deb

228

double click
GDebi Package Installer install package
229
ubuntu tweak

https://translations.launchpad.net/ubuntu-tweak/trunk/+pots/ubuntu-tweak/ar/+translate
230
231
Ultamatix
Ultamatix Automatix

Ultamatix

source.list

Http://ultamatix.com

-1
wget http://ultamatix.com/download/ultamatix-1.8.0-3_all.deb
-2
sudo dpkg -i ultamatix-1.8.0-3_all.deb
-3
sudo apt-get -f install -i ultamatix-1.8.0-3_all.deb
-4
sudo aptitude install tango-icon-theme-common python-gnome2-extras

update
232
233
start
234

Uninstall
235
236

DVD Ripper , K9copy , xDVDshrink

- Pidgin Skype , XChat , -

- Checkgmail - Swiftdove , - -

- Avant Window Navigator - dock - , Gdesklets , - Screenlets , -
Ultimate Edition

- Acrobat Reader PDF - , Google Earth , Google Picasa

- Amarok 2 - Banshee , - - Songbird , iLinux , - iLife - , Dragon
- Player . -

Glade 3 , Quanta Plus , Screem Editor
codec - ,, Nautilus scripts , Adobe Flash 9 , Startup Manager , Firestarter , Clam Anti-virus
.kDE& xfc
Return to the Castle of Wolfenstein: Enemy Territory

America's Army , Alien Arena 2007 , Amoebax , AssaultCube , The Battle for Wesnoth , Urban Terror ,
Tremulous , Wormux . Warsow
237

APTonCD

limited band width

) (
APTonCD
APTonCD
/var/cache/apt/archives/
iso CD DVD dependencies

Add/Remove Applaction All APTonCD
238

:
-1 Create APTonCD
-2 Cash

-3
-4 iso
-5 home

iso

CD/DVD

apt-get & aptitude
& aynaptic
239
240
241

:
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6

-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
:
ISP
-1 ASDL LAN

wireless
Laptop
-2 dial-up FAX

242
Network Manager

,

:
-1
243
-2
ADSL Properties

ok
244
:
wireless
wireless
ndiswrapper
Add/Remove

:
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WifiDocs/-WirelessCardsSupported
drivers

ndiswrapper
245
Using a Dial-up Connection

,
ScanModem PCI USB

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/DialupModemHowto/ScanModem
driver driver

www.modemdriver.com

-1
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BluetoothDialup
-2 USB
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CableDialup

nameservers

246
247

Mozilla Firefox Mozilla

Mozilla Firefox
Mozilla Firefox
: integrated search system -1

Yahoo!, Amazon, eBay, Answers.com , Creative Commons
search

: Search Suggestions -2

: Live Bookmarks -3

Web feeds
XML

-1 Firefox Web browser

Bookmarks Organise Bookmarks
248
-2 file New Live Bookmark Properties
249
250

): USEr NETwork (Usenet
newsgroups newsfeeds
newsgroups

Usenet RSS

, ,

: newsgroup
newsreader
, e-mail inbox
,
News Readers

: online news reader -1

: Offline news readers -2
newsgroups

251
News Feeds

RSS
: Newsreaders
Linux Feed Reader (Liferea) for news feeds -1
Thunderbird for Usenet news -2
Online RSS feed reader

Liferea Newsreader
RSS
GTK/GNOME RSS ,
Synaptic Package Manager RSS feeds

RSS Feeds
252
-1 RSS feeds
RSS feeds
-2 RSS feeds
253
Liferea Feed Reader
Liferea Feed Reader ,

New Subscription
RSS feeds
RSS feeds

-1 Liferea Feed Reader RSS feeds
-2
-3
-4
254
255
Thunderbird
-1 Thunderbird Account Setup page
:
Email account
RSS News & Bloogs
Newsgroup account
Newsgroup account Next
name
Email Address
Next
256
-3 Server Information Server newsgroup
Next
- 4 Account wizard Account Name Home account
Next
257
-5 Finish
-6 Thunderbird Home account

newsgroup
258
-7 newsgroups server
-8 Show items that

contain box
Subscribe
ok
259
-9
Thunderbird ,

260
Sending and Receiving E-Mail Messages

Evolution
calendar
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/EmailClients

:
evolution . evolution , home
evolution e-mail accounts
, evolution .gconf/apps/evolution
Ctrl+H
Evolution
https://help.ubuntu.com/7.04/internet/C/email.html
261
Evolution
-1 Evolution Evolution
e-mail accounts
Forward
-2 Evolution backup
Restore backup
Restore Evolution from backup
file
Forward
262
-3 Identity page
Make this my default account Reply-To
Organisation
Forward
-4 Receiving E-mail page ) Server (
Evolution POP
Forward
263
-5 Receiving Options :

pop3
Forward
264
-6 Sending E-mail

smtp
Forward
-7 Evolution
Work
Forward
265
-8 Timezone
Forward
Apply
Evolution

266
Mozilla Thunderbird
Mozilla Thunderbird Mozilla
e-mail client
newsgroup client Evolution
CLI
:
Mozilla
-1 Web browser
-2 e-mail client
-3 newsgroup client
-4 Internet Relay Chat (IRC) chat client
-5 address book organizer
-6 Web page creation
Mozilla Thunderbird
267
Mozilla Thunderbird
Thunderbird
: Stop Junk Mail -1
inbox
tools Run junk Mail controls on folder Adaptive Filter
Enable adaptive junk mail detection ok
: Customise your mail -2

Classic Wide Vertical
: Built-in Spell Checker -3 Spell
268
269
: Security -4 Thunderbird
S/MIME
: Extensions -5 , Mozilla
Thunderbird
: News Reader -6 Mozilla Thunderbird
offline
: Themes -7
look and feel
: Cross-Platform Support -8 / / /
270
Instant Messaging

instant
messagin

.
instant messenger client Pidgin
:
-1
-2 IM network protocols
:
ICQ & AIM & Bonjour & Gadu-Gadu & Google Talk & Groupwise & IRC & MSN & Jabber
MySpaceIM & QQ & SILC & SIMPLE & Sametime & XMPP & Yahoo! & Zephyr & Napster
-3
-4 MSN
! Yahoo
-5 file transfer
-6 typing notification
-7 away messages
-8 MSN
-9 : Buddy Pounces : & &

10
Pidgin
:
-1 Pidgin
-2 Add
271
272
-3

-4 save

-5 close Pidgin
Buddy List
-6 Pidgin Buddies New Instant Message

-7
8
-
273
274
-9 Pidgin GUI
CLI Synaptic package manger
Pidgin-guifications
Pidgin-libnotify
Pidgin-themes
smiles
-1
-2 preferences smiles add
:
275
Making Phone Calls Using Softphones

softphone
softphone ,
,

softphone
audio codec ,
audio codec voice digital signals
Ekiga WengoPhone
softphone
softphone mute flash hold
transfer presence
softphone
-1
-2
- 3 USB phone
-4
-5
Ekiga
Ekiga
-1 VoIP
-2 IP
-3
-4 Ekiga
-5

-1 Ekiga Softphone
-2
Forwar
276
277
-3 ekiga.net

Forward
-4 Connection Type

Forward
278
-5 NAT Type Detect NAT Type NAT

IP IP
NAT = Network Address Translation
Forward
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_address_translation
-6 Audio Manager sound card
ALSA
Forward
279
-7 Audio Devices audio output devices audio input devices

speakers headset
microphone
Forward
-8 Video Manager
Video4Linux to manage Webcams AVC / DC for Firewire cameras
Forward
280
-9 Video Devices video input device

skip Test Settings
Ekiga
Forward
-10 Ekiga ,
Back Apply

Apply
281
Ekiga

http://www.ekiga.org

-1 Computer Computer
public SIP provider , online
address book Ekiga Ekiga
Ekiga public SIP provider
connect sip:foo foo@ekiga.net
-2 Computer Regular Phones
Ekiga , ISPs
account ,
password PC-To-Phone service
-3 Real Phones Computer
Ekiga
account PC-To-Phone Ekiga
Ekiga
http://www.ekiga.org/index.php?rub=3
282
WengoPhone
WengoPhone , WengoPhone , GPL
account WengoPhone , WengoPhone

:
-1 VoIP
-2 landlines
-3 cellphones
-4 messages
-5 video calls

-1 WengoPhone
-2 WengoPhone
e-mail address , password , WengoPhone click Click here if you dont
have a Wengo
WengoPhone
http://www.wengophone.com
WengoPhone
283
284

: CHAT -1 MSN & Yahoo & AIM & Jabber & GoogleTalk
: CALL -2 ,
mobile Wengos call-credits

: VIDEO -3 WengoPhone Wengo
: SMS -4 WengoPhone
Wengo phone

285

sun java Sun's JAVA

synaptic package manger CLI
sun-java7-jre
sun-java7-plugin

-1 doctor who install missing plugins
-2
-3 java6 next
-4 yes
-5
-6
286
287

Adobe Flash Player
http://www.adobe.com/products/flashplayer

synaptic package manger CLI
flashplugin-nonfree

-1 you tube install missing plugins
-2 Adobe Flash player
-3 yes
-4
-5
-6
288
289

Network Traffic Applet
Network Traffic Applet

netspeed
""Add to panel
290
Azureus
Azureus transmission
Bittorrent-client http://azureus.sourceforge.net
transmission
azureus
291
Filezilla
ftp-client FTP & FTPS & FTPES & SFTP
Filezilla
filezilla
filezilla-locales
292
Skype
Skype
http://www.skype.com :
Skype
Skype
293
Xchat
Xchat
scripts plugins
xchat
xchat
294
295
Digital Audio

surround-sound speakers crystal-clear video playback

)(

Issues Surrounding Multimedia Playback

: Software patents -1 Audio playback & video playback & MP3
MPEG
copyright

playback

296

third party softwar

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_patent
Legal Restrictions -2
play
playback play playback
DVD format
third party software

Creative Commons license MPEG
, format playback
) (

-1
-2
-3
-4
297
Digital Rights Management -3

DRM , audio playback & video playback

-1 Apples itunes playback MP3s iPod
Apple TV iPhone
-2 iTunes software DVD CSS
) ( Content Scrambling System

iTunes Napster online stores

-1

www.eff.org
-2
Ogg bit MP3 ,
,
/
MP3 video playback

-3
298
Playing Proprietary Multimedia Formats

Codecs decoding
audio & video

MP3s

playback

third-party software

299
Multimedia Frameworks
3 playback
player application -1
Totem Movie Player
, play back video Rhythmbox play back audio
Kaffeine play back video armaroK play back audio
Multimedia framework -2
player codecs ) (
Gstreamer )( , Xine
multimedia framework
Codecs -3
coder-decoder codecs
compressed
play back
, shrinking files Gstreamer multimedia framework
play back Windows Media QuickTime
Xine framework totem-xine Totem movie player xine Gstreamer
multimedia codec
gstreamer xine w32codecs

: copy paste
sudo aptitude install gstreamer0.10-pitfdll gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg gstreamer0.10-gl gstreamer0.10-plugins-base
gstreamer0.10-plugins-good gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad-multiverse gstreamer0.10plugins-ugly gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-multiverse libxine-extracodecs w32codecs
w32codecs third-party
www.debian-multimedia.org
300
multimedia codec
-1

Gstreamer plugin

-1 mp3
mp3 Totem third party

-2 MP3 playback
301
-3 install
-4
-5
ok
-6 Apply
-7
-8
-9
302
303

CLI Synaptic Package Manager
-1 setting repositories
-2 Multiverse & Restricted

close
-4 Synaptic Package Manager Reload
-5
-6 download install multimedia codecs search
search
304

Mark for Installation
Apply
Apply
305
306
307
playback

codecs 99%

: , bit -32 bit-64

-1
-2 Applications Add/Remove
" "All available applications
mp3 Enter
Ubuntu restricted extras
Gstreamer extra plugins
Gstreamer ffmpeg plugin
VLC media player
Mplayer Movie player
gxine
Audacious
Apply popups
Add/remove
-3 System < Administration < Synaptic Package Manager

" "Search Synaptic openjdk
openjdk-6-jre & openjdk-6-jre-headless
Mark for complete removal IcedTea plugin
Apply
-4 Synaptic
sun java
sun-java7-jre & sun-java7-plugin
Apply
Sun's licence agreement
-5 Synaptic vlc plugin
mozilla-plugin-vlc
Apply
308
309

99% 1% Ubuntu 8.04
) !!!(
-1 ) w 32 codecs w64codecs ( ubuntu 64 bit
-2 ) libdvdcss2 playback DVD's (
: 32bit Ubuntu 64
-1 Applications < Accessories < Terminal

-2 source list
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.old
Enter ) (
-3
gksudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
Enter
deb http://packages.medibuntu.org/ hardy free non-free
save
-4 validation key Medibuntu repository
) (
wget -q http://packages.medibuntu.org/medibuntu-key.gpg -O- | sudo apt-key add Enter
-5 source list
sudo apt-get update
Enter
) codecs 32 (w 64 codecs .libdvdcss 2
310
codecs 32

, .dll copyright
:
Windows Media Player -1
RealPlayer -2
QuickTime -3
DivX -4
-6 System < Administration < Synaptic Package Manager
search w32codecs libdvdcss2

-7 Medibuntu software repository
System < Administration < Software Sources
""Third-Party Software
http://packages.medibuntu.org/ hardy free non free
Software Sources
-8
311

audio codec
MP3 Fluendo MP3 codec Fluendo MP3
decoder ,

www.fluendo.com/resources/fluendo_mp3.php
Fluendo MP3 codec
Fluendo codec decoder MP3 audio
, MP3s tracks MP3
gstreamer-plugins-ugly
Fluendo codec CLI synaptic package manger
gstreamer0.10-fluendo-mp3
312

# Default Applications
1.
1. Totem
2. Rhythmbox
3. Sound Juicer
4. Sound Recorder
5. Serpentine
6. Amarok
7. Kaffeine
8. K3b
# Extra Packages
1. Video Players and Editors
1. MPlayer
2. Diva
3. Kino
4. gstreamer-editor
5. totem-xine
6. gxine
7. xine-ui
8. VLC
2. Music Players and Audio Editing
1. Audacity
2. Banshee
3. Cactus Jukebox
4. Cowbell Music Organizer
5. XMMS
6. Beep Media Player
7. Muine
8. Sound Converter
9. Streamtuner
10. Listen
11. Exaile
3. Media Centers
1. Elisa
2. MythTV
# Flash Player 9 plugin installation
313
Rhythmbox Music Player

:

Rhythmbox Music Player iTunes
:
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8 format audio

Rhythmbox
314
Rhythmbox Music Player

-1
-1 library Rclick
library Import File
315
-2 places open
Rhythmbox
& genre & artist & album title track number

-3 Rhythmbox
track
316
-4 playlists
Rclick music track Add to Playlist
-5 Rhythmbox plugins
Edit Plugins Configure Plugins
317
plugins
-1 Magnatune plugin iTunes
-2 Visualization
-3 Song Lyrics
Close view song lyrics

318
-4 Visualization
-2 Podcasts
Podcasts
download podcast
Source list Podcast New Podcast Feed
319
Podcasts
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podcasting
New Podcast Feed Add Rhythmbox
podcasts
Podcasts
320
-3 :
Radio source
Source pane Rhythmbox
Dclick

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_radio
New Internet Radio Station

Add
321
Playing and Extracting Audio CDs

Sound Juicer
-1 audio
-2 audio
-3 audio OGG & FLAC & WAV
-4
OGG & FLAC & WAV

: OGG MP3

10% WAV
: FLAC OGG MP3
50%
WAV
: WAV Waveform

Sound Juicer
322
Sound Juicer CD Extractor
:
-1 audio Sound Juicer
-2
artist title track MusicBrainz.org 360,000
-1 CD
audio CD ROM Sound Juicer
PLAY
323
-2 CD

Edit Preferences
Preferences
324
Edit
Edit
, Home
Music
325

, Extract
Duration

-1 open
-2 Eject CD ROM
-3 close
Burning Audio CDs

,
Serpentine
-1 CD ROM Serpentine
Data CD audio CD
-2 Serpentine
Serpentine
326
Serpentine
:
-1 Add
-2 Edit Preferences
close
327
328
-3 Add
-4

open
329
-5
Write to Disc
-6 Write to Disc
330
-7 CD

331
iPod
ipod
, Apple MP3
AAC
-1 ipod
-1 ipod USB , mount
desktop ipod Rhythmbox Music Player
ipod
-2 ipod Rhythmbox

ipod
332
Gtkpod
gtkpod Synaptic Package Manager
:
-1 ipod genre
album artist
-2 playlist
-3
-4 ipod
gtkpod
Gtkpod
333
Ipod
file ipod
ipod
open

""Successfully added files
ipod , Save Changes
ipod
-1 Rhythmbox
-2 ipod Eject
-3 ipod USB
334
335
Creating and Editing Audio Files

: Audio
Audio microphone
audio GNOME Sound Recorder audio
flac & ogg & wav
GNOME Sound Recorder
: :
-1 microphone
-2 quality
-3

336
-4 Record
-5 PLAY
337
338
: Audio
Audacity
Synaptic Package Manger
Add/Remove Applications
-1 audio
-2 audio
-2
-3
-4

Audacity , 30

Audacity
-1
339
340
-2 Audacity audio
-3 Audacity :
: Magnifying tool -1
: Envelop tool -2
: Time Shift tool -3
: Selection tool -4
341
-4 drag

-5 ,
:
Amplify -1
: BassBoost -2
Echo -3
Fade in -4
: Fade out -5
Invert -6
: Noise Removal -7
Reverse -8
:
:
, PLAY
342
343

MP3 & Ogg
Export save

Audacity ,

344
Playing DVDs

,
CSS Content Scrambling System
scrambled

play playback
:

DVD
:
: CLI Synaptic package manger
gxine
libdvdcss2
libdvdnav4
libdvdplay0
libdvdvread3
DVD
Mplayer movie player
VLC media player
Xine
Totem-xine
Totem-gstreamer DVD
DVD/R mplayer & VLC & xine

345
Totem
DVD
-1 DVD/R
-2 F Esc
-3 :
-2 Skip Forwards
346
-4 :
-1 Go
347

-5
348
349
Backing up DVDs

DVD
tracks
DVD backup applications -1
DVD rippers -2
,

Thoggen
K9copy

http://k9copy.sourceforge.net
dvd::rip

http://www2.exit1.org/dvdrip
HandBrake

http://handbrake.m0k.org/-?chapter=documentation
350
Thoggen
Gstreamer , GTK+
DVD ripping
:
-1
-2
-3 audio track
-4 Ogg Theora video
-5 DVD
-6 GStreamer multimedia framework
Synaptic Package Manager
:
http://thoggen.net/download
Thoggen DVD Ripper
351
: DVD
-1 Thoggen DVD Ripper tracks , DVD
track
Cropping
352
-3 ok ,
353
Playing Online Media

,
online

Watching Videos in a Web Browser

Google videos You Tube FireFox plugins

plugins
plugins Firefox web browser
354
plugins
-1
-2 CLI Synaptic package manger
:
totem-xine-firefox-plugin
totem-gstreamer-firefox-plugin
mozilla-mplayer
flashplugin-nonfree

Totem-gstreamer
-1 codec
-2 totem-gstreamer-firefox-plugin
-3 RealPlayer 10 RealPlayer , Totem
RealPlayer realaudio realvideo 10 mp3 ogg theora h263 AAC
RealPlayer 10
RealPlayer 10
-1 Canonical
-2
355
RealPlayer 10
: realPlayer 10

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu hardy main

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install realplayer
Y
RealPlayer 10
Forward
Forward
Accept
ok
356
RealPlayer 10
357
358

RealPlayer 10
Real player 10 temporary Internet folder

RealPlayer :
359
open location
360
361
Editing Videos

: Kino -1 Raw DV AVI
SMIL XML
: Stopmotion -2
mpeg avi
: Subtitle Editor -3 GTK+2
,

: Pitivi Video Editor -4 , non-linear editor
,
GStreamer framework
362
Pitivi video editor

Pitivi
Pitivi video editor

Applications< Sound & Video < Pitivi Video Editor
-1 Import Clips Add
-2 D click
-3 :
363
364
- 4
ok
365
-5 Render project Modify

-6 Choose file ,

-7 ok :
Record
366
367

Audacious
Rhythmbox Rhythmbox
http://audacious-media-player.org

Audacious
Audacious-plugins-extra
Audacious-crossfade
368
Mplayer
Mplayer Totem Totem
,MPEG/VOB, AVI, Ogg/OGM, VIVO, ASF/WMA/WMV, QT/MOV/MP4
RealMedia, Matroska, NUT, NuppelVideo, FLI, YUV4MPEG, FILM, RoQ and PVA
w32codecs
http://www.mplayerhq.hu

mplayer
mozilla-mplayer
mplayer-fonts
mplayer-skin-blue
369
K3B
Brasero ,
Brasero
http://www.k3b.org

k3b
libk3b2-extracodecs
normalize-audio
transcode
sox
vcdimager
370
K9Copy
DVD9 DVD5
k9copy
Amarok
Amarok KDE
-1
-2 scriptable themeable
-3 equalizer 10
-4 visualizations
-5 color schemes
-6
-7 last.fm CD covers Amazon & metadata & MusicBrainz
-8 k3b
9 SQLite3 & MySQL & PostGreSQL
-10 xine & gstreamer back-ends
371
372
-11 playlist
-12 playlist PLS M3U
-13 collection-indexing
-14 kioslaves smb:// & fish://
-15 ID3 tag MusicBrainz
16
-17 cross-fading
-18
- 19 iPod & iRiver

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Amarok
373
Kaffeine
Kaffeine KDE xine as back-end
gstream Kplayer
:
-1 DVD playback
-2 playlists
-3 10
-4 CD cover manager
-5 audio CDs mp3 ogg streams audio and video
-6 LIRC

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Kaffeine
374
Gxine
gxine GTK + libxine
:
-1 plays back CDs & DVDs & VCDs
-2 decodes MP3 & WMV & AVI & QuickTime

-3
-4

http://xinehq.de
375
VLC
VideoLAN Client MPEG-1 & MPEG-2
& AVI & MPEG-4 & WMV & QuickTime & MP3 & Ogg DVDs & VCDs
-1 audio
vlc-plugin-esd
vlc-plugin-sdl
vlc-plugin-arts
-2 video
vlc-plugin-sdl
vlc-plugin-ggi
vlc-plugin-glide
vlc-plugin-svgalib
-3 mozilla
mozilla-plugin-vlc
376
Streamtuner
Streamtuner
radio stations broadcasts bookmark

-1 directories internet radio stations

-2 live broadcasts SHOUTcast & Live365 & Xiph & basic.ch
-3 streamripper

http://www.nongnu.org/streamtuner
377
378
Making The Most of Images and Photos

:
-1
-2
Introducing Graphics Applications

:
-1
-2 photo images
-3

: :
: gThumb Image Viewer -1
: GIMP Image Editor -2
: F-Spot Photo Manager -3
: XSane Image Scanner -4
379
: :
CLI Synaptic Package Manager
:
: Agave-1
GIMP :
http://home.gna.org/colorscheme
: Blender -2
, Open GL
,
, 3D Studio third party
standalone binaries
http://www.blender.org
: Dia -3 Visio ,
flowcharts network
EPS, SVG, XFIG,WMF,PNG
:
http://live.gnome.org
380
: Gcolor2 -4

http://gcolor2.sourceforge.net
: GNU paint -5

http://gpaint.sourceforge.net
third-party Picasa
,
:
http://picasa.google.com/linux/download.html
Gthumb image viewer

:
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
.BMP, JPEG, GIF, PNG, TIFF, ICO, XPM , GIF animations
381
:
-1
-2 search
-3
-
382
383
-4 Fullscreen Dclick
-5 Slide Shows ,
384
-6 4
:
385
-7
Red Eye
:
-1 Dclick
-2 Red-Eye Removal :
-3
386
The GIMP
GNU Image Manipulation Programme
GNU , ,
, ,

:
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6 /
-7
-8
-9 resolution resolution
stretched
-10
-11
PCX , BMP, GIF, JPEG, PNG, XPM, TIFF, TGA, MPEG, PS, PDF
-1 Applications Graphics GIMP Image Editor GIMP
" "
-2
-3
387
388
Managing Photos with F-Spot

F-Spot
:
F-Spot
:
-1 ipod
-2 CD
-3
-4
-5 16 JPEG, GIF, TIFF , RAW

Applications< Graphics < F-Spot Photo Manager
389
: F-Spot

-1 import
- 2 select folder
copy file to the photo folder
include subfolders
390
, open
-3 import

391
392
: F-Spot
-1
-2 Import
-3
4
copy
:

-1 Dclick
-2 Fullscreen
-3 Exit fullscreen
393
394
Organising Photos

- 1 F-Spot ,
50 2004 50 2007
2004 timeline 2004
-2
395

Inkscape
CLI
Inkscape
-1 Inkscape
-2 ) (
-3
-4
-5
-6 Illustrator, CorelDraw , Xara X
-7 / / /
-8
-9
Creating Vector Graphic Images Using InkScape

InkScape
:
: Page -1 ,

: Menu Bar -2
: Command Bar -3
: Drawing Toolbar -4

: Tools Control Bar -5
: Status Bar -6

396

-1
-2
resolution
InkScape
-3 save Command Bar

397
Scanner

scanner
, scanner ,
scanner

compatibility :
-1 drivers
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/HardwareSupportComponentsScanners
-2
http://www.sane-project.org/sane-backends.html
scanner Xsane

-1 Applications < Graphics < XSane Image Scanner
-2
398
XSane Image Scanner

-3 scan
399
Digikam
photo F-Spot digikam
http://www.digikam.org
digikam
kipi-plugins
showfoto
400
401
User Adminstration

, multiuser system
huge mainframe computers

, desktop environment

,

402

permissions
Groups

-1 root user
-2 super user
-3 regular user
-4 system user
4

/etc/passwd
UserID Group ID
/ home/username shell /bin/bash

/etc/shadow
ownership files permission system directories
devices read write execute
owner root

403
Root User

,
root

, UID = 0 & GID = 0

sudo passwd root

su

: regular user root user

404

super user

root privileges ,

sudo super user do

su

exit
$ #

regular user

!
405
system user
administrative account
day-to-day apache

login prompt
/etc/passwd
standard users

system group

User IDs & Group Ids

ID
) (UID ) (GID
root user UID = 0
1 499 system users
500 999 system users
1000 65,534 Regular users

GID 1,000 UID
system administrator
406
Adding and Deleting Users and Groups at the Command Line

-1
>sudo useradd -m <username
sudo m home
owner group
system group bash
-2
>sudo groupadd <group_name

-3
>sudo groupadd -m -G <Sec_group> <newuser

-4

>sudo groupadd -m -G <Sec_group1>,<Sec_group2> <newuser

-5

> sudo useradd -m -g <primary_group> <user_name

-6

>sudo useradd -m -g <primary_group> - G <Sec_group1>,<Sec_group2> <user_name

407

, ,

>newgrp < secondary_group_name

exit

id UID GID
,
-1
>id <user_name
-2
>sudo id <user_name

own group
system groups
supplementary groups
audio group

system groups

system group CD group & scanner group & video group
408
1
kasper
id kasper
)uid=1000(kasper) gid=1000(kasper
groups=1000(kasper),4(adm),20(dialout),24(cdrom),25(floppy),29(audio),30(dip),44
)(video),46(plugdev),109(lpadmin),111(scanner),114(admin
kasper 1000 1000

kasper
system group
system group
adm
system logging
dialout
serial port
cdrom
floppy
audio
dip
video
dial-up modems
video acceleration
plugdev
card readers, digital cameras
lpadmin
printer
scanner
scanner
tape
fax
admin
super user

supplementary system groups

!!!
409
2
sabry sabry

sudo useradd -m -g sabry -G adm,dialout,cdrom,floppy,audio,dip,video,plugdev,
lpadmin,scanner,tape,fax,admin sabry
password
Lock account !!!
ordinary users

sudo

sabry

> passwd <newuser

passwd sabry

-1

passwd
-2

>sudo passwd <username
:
-1 capital small
-2
-3 8
410

Super User

-1 Super User
$ su $ #
#
regular user
# exit
regular user $
$
-2
$ su - other_user

user account
$ exit
-3

whomi
411
-1

>sudo useradd -e 2010- 11- 25 <new_user
-2

>sudo usermod -l <old_name> <new_name
-3
>sudo passwd <user_name
-4

>sudo usermod -L <user_name
-5

>sudo usermod -U <user_name
-6

>sudo userdel -r <user_name

-1
>sudo groupadd <group_name
-2

>sudo groupmod -n <new_name> <old_name
-3

>sudo gpasswd -a <user> <group
-4

>sudo gpasswd -d <user> <group
-5

>sudo gpasswd -A <user> <group
-6
>sudo gpasswd <group_name
-7

>sudo gpasswd -r <group_name
- 8

>sudo gpasswd -I <group_name
-9

>sudo gpasswd -r <group_name
412
413
10

>sudo gpasswd -u <group_name
-11

>sudo groupdel <group_name

-1 UID
-2 GID
-3 bash
-4 home
-5
,
!!!
414

multiple users system
user account

-1 User and Group
-2 Add User
415
-3

8
: user privileges
)
(
Executing system administration tasks ,

416

fast user switching
logging off logging on

switch user

:
LOCK
417
418
Files mangement

:
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5 ram
-6 swap virtual memory
-7

MyFile myfile

)(

)*( )\( )( )> <( ) (/
:
share files

\ | < > " ? * : /
419
File Access and Storage

Windows Xp

C:\Windows

-1 : ordinary users

,

/home/username
-2 : superuser

subdirectories home directory .

/home/username
420
Real Files and Virtual Files

,
, USB
devices /dev

/dev
CLI GUI
:
mount
empty directory

421
MOUNTING
mount
mount hardware HDD CD/ROM
DVD/ROM Floppy disk flash Memory ,
/dev

mount
FAT32 NTFS , mount unmount
/dev/hda
/dev/hdb
/dev/hdc
/dev/hdd
primary master
primary slave
secondary master
secondary slave
IDE\ATA hdx x a,b,c,d ,

SATA hd sd

primary , extended primary
4 1 logical

422
primary master SATA

, primary logical FAT32 NTFS
EXT3

NTFS
EXT3
FAT32
FAT32
FAT32

sda1
sda5
sda6
sda7
sda8

C
D
E
F
G
primary
logical
logical
logical
logical
MOUNT
/ dev
FAT16 & FAT32 vfat
423

-1 /dev / mnt
C& D & E & F & G
sudo mkdir /mnt/ c d e f g

-2
mount -t ntfs /dev/sda1 /mnt/c

mount -t ext3 /dev/sda5 /mnt/d
mount -t vfat /dev/sda6 /mnt/e
mount -t vfat /dev/sda7 /mnt/f
mount -t vfat /dev/sda8 /mnt/g
Restart
fsatb /etc
file system table

-3 fsatb
sudo nano -w /etc/fstab

sudo nano -w
fstab /etc nano w
:
EXT3 mount
VFAT mount
NTFS mount
VFAT MOUNT
fstab
/dev/sda6 /mnt/e vfat iocharset=utf8,umask=000 0 0
/dev/sda7 /mnt/f vfat iocharset=utf8,umask=000 0 0
/dev/sda8 /mnt/g vfat iocharset=utf8,umask=000 0 0

424

NTFS mount
NTFS

/http://flomertens.free.fr/ntfs-config

ntfs-config
how to fstab
425
2
mount NTFS
-1 unmount amount media/hda1/
sudo umount /media/hda1
-2 partition table
sudo fdisk -l

System
HPFS/NTFS
Extended
Linux
Linux
Linux swap / Solaris
Linux
Disk /dev/hda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes

heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders 255
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot
Start
End
Blocks
Id
*/dev/hda1
1
1911 15350076
7
/dev/hda2
1912
19457 140938245
5
/dev/hda5
1912
14716 102856131
83
/dev/hda6
14717
17278 20579233+
83
/dev/hda7
17279
17404 1012063+
82
/dev/hda8
17405
19457 16490691
83
NTFS /dev/hda1
-3 mount point /media/hda1
windows
sudo mkdir /windows
-4 mount /etc/fstab
backup
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backup
-5 fstab nano
sudo nano /etc/fstab

proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
/dev/hda6 / ext3 defaults,errors=remount-ro 0 1
/dev/hda5 /home ext3 defaults 0 2
/dev/hda1 /media/hda1 ntfs defaults 0 0
/dev/hda7 none swap sw 0 0
/dev/hdc /media/cdrom0 udf,iso9660 user,noauto 0 0
/dev/hdd /media/cdrom1 udf,iso9660 user,noauto 0 0
426

dev/hda6 / ext3 defaults,errors=remount-ro 0 1
/hda5 /home ext3 defaults 0 2
/dev/hda1 /windows ntfs nls=utf8,umask=0222 0 0
FAT32 /dev/hdb1

-1 unmount amount /dev/hdb1
sudo umount /dev/hdb1
-2 mount point /media/hdb1
fat_files
sudo mkdir /fat_files
-3 fstab
/dev/hda6 / ext3 defaults,errors=remount-ro 0 1
/dev/hda5 /home ext3 defaults 0 2
/dev/hda1 /windows ntfs nls=utf8,umask=0222 0 0
/dev/hdb1 /fat_files vfat iocharset=utf8,umask=000 0 0

fstab Ctrl+x Y Enter

sudo mount -a
427
permission

,

10
><file_type><user_permission><Group_permission><other_users_permission
: )(file type

pipe
Socket
Character device /dev
Block device /dev
428
rw
rx
wx
rwx
ls
stat
chmod
umask
chown
chgrp
429
5
6
7
1024 may 21 11:22 book
0 may 21 11:23 lesson.odt
ls -l
total 1
1
2
3
4
drwxr-xr-x 2 kasper kasper
-rw-r--r-1 kasper kasper
ls -l

:
:
:
:
book
drwxr-xr-x
10
lesson.odt
--rw-r--r10
430
2
stat ls
book
stat book
File : book
Size : 1024
Blocks : 2
10 Block : 4096 Directory
Device : 303h/771d
Inode : 7777
Link : 2
)Access : (0755/drwxr-xr-x) Uid : ( 500/ kasper
)Gid : ( 500/ kasper
Access : 2008-08-23 13:54:15.000000000 +0200
Modify : 2008-08-23 13:54:15.000000000 +0200
Change : 2008-08-23 13:54:15.000000000 +0200

4 2 1
: 0
755
7 = 4 2 + 1 +
5 = 4 1 +
5 = 4 1 +
10
431
lesson.odt
stat lesson
File : lesson
Size : 0
Blocks : 0
10 Block : 4096 Regular file
Device : 303h/771d
Inode : 3896
Link : 1
)Access : (0644/-rw-rr-- ) Uid : ( 500/ kasper
)Gid : ( 500/ kasper
Access : 2008-08-23 13:54:15.000000000 +0200
Modify : 2008-08-23 13:54:15.000000000 +0200
Change : 2008-08-23 13:54:15.000000000 +0200
10
432

644 755

chmod change mode

ls stat

1
myfile (rw- r-- r--) 644
,
x
chmod 744 myfile
1 6 7

2
4
4 6
chmod 764 myfile
:
stat ls -l
433
)=(
+
kasper
chmod u+rwx kasper

chmod u=rwx kasper

chmod g-wx kasper

chmod o+rx kasper

chmod o=rx kasper
) (

chmod a=rwx kasper
434

umask
chmod
umask
umask chmod umask
0022 777 755 0022 666 644

1

-1 umask 022
$ umask 022
$ umask
0022
-2 afile adirectory
$ touch afile
$ mkdir adirectory
-3 ls -ld
$ ls -ld afile adirectory
drwxr-xr-x 2 kasper kasper 4096 May 2 23:57 adirectory
-rw-r--r-- 1 kasper kasper 0 May 2 23:57 afile
rwxr-xr-x 755 --rw-rr- 644
2
733
umask 0044
422
umask 355
435

super user
sudo

-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-1

sudo chown <newuser> file
myfile sabry
sudo chown sabry myfile
-2

sudo chgrp < newgroup > file
myfile mygroup
sudo chgrp mygroup myfile
436
-3

sudo chown <newuser:newgroup> file
myfile sabry
mygroup
sudo chown sabry:mygroup myfile
-4

sudo chown -R <newuser> directory
mydirectory
sabry
sudo chown -R sabry mydirectory
-5

sudo chgrp -R <newgroup> directory
mydirectory
mygroup
sudo chgrp -R mygroup mydirectory
-6

sudo chown <newuser:newgroup> directory
mydirectory
khaled mygroup
sudo chown -R khaled:mygroup mydirectory
437
438
Ubuntu Help and Support

offline system documentation :

online system documentation :
-1 official
-2 community Docs
Community Support :
-1 Mailing lists
-2 Web Forums
-3 IRC Channels
-4 LoCo Teams
-5 Ubuntu Team Wiki
: Launchpad
Launchpad Technical Answers -1
Launchpad Bug Tracker: Malone - 2
-3 Shipit
The Fridge :
: Paid For Commercial Services
Professional Support Services from Canonical -1
The Canonical Marketplace -2
439
offline system documentation :

Ubuntu Documentation

-1 system help and support
-2 offline system documentation
440
online system documentation:

https://help.ubuntu.com
:
-1 official

6.06LTS & 6.10 & 7.04
441
-2 : community Docs
official community

Community Docs Wiki

, official documentation community documentation
:
-1
-2
-
community documentation
-1
-2 community documentation

442
-3 CommonQuestions page

-4 Screencasts Ubuntu

3
OGG Flash
source list
443
Community Support :
community documentation :
-1 Mailing lists
-2 Web Forums
-3 IRC Channels
-4 LoCo Teams
-5 The Ubuntu Team Wiki

444
-1
e-mail
, Ubuntu Mailing Lists

https://lists.ubuntu.com/

mailing lists
Community Support list users mailing list

Subscribe to ubuntu-user
445
:
-1 e-mail address
-2 password
-3 Subscribe
-4 link activate

446

UserCP
User Control Panel mailing lists

http://www.ubuntu.com/support/community/mailinglists/etiquette
447
-2
mailing lists
mailing lists

http://ubuntuforums.org
http://www.ubuntu.com/community/forums

register
Register
448

sign in

:
:
:
:
449
-3
IRC Channels
freenode irc.freenode.net

:
#ubuntu -1
# kubuntu -2
#edubuntu -3
#xubuntu -4
bugs channels -5
development teams -6
LoCo team schannels -7
accessibility and documentation channels -8
IRC
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/InternetRelayChat
IRC Pidgin instant messenger
:
-1 Buddies menu Add Chat
450
-2 ubuntu #Ubuntu Add Ubuntu users account Buddies

List
-3 #Ubuntu IRC Buddy List Double-click IRC
-4 IRC
451
-4 LoCo Teams
LoCo local ,
,

http://www.ubuntu.com/-support/community/locallanguage

452

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LoCoTeams

//wiki.ubuntu.com/LoCoTeamList
453
-5 Ubuntu Team Wiki

wiki wiki
6000

https://wiki.ubuntu.com /
Ubuntu Team Wiki
wiki
wiki
, wiki LoCo
wiki
http://wiki.ubuntu-fr.org
wiki LoCo teams

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LoCoTeamList
Ubuntu wiki
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/HelpOnEditing
454
: Launchpad
Launchpad
, , Canonical ubuntu
:
-1 Shipit ubuntu
-2 Bugs
-3
-4
Launchpad
https://launchpad.net
Launchpad
Register
455
Launchpad Technical Answers -1

Answers ,
Most active project list
Launchpad
:
-1 search
-2 Ask a question
:
-1 languages
-2 summary
-3 continue
Add
456
457
Launchpad Bug Tracker: Malone - 2

Malone Bugs Launchpad Bugs
Bugs ,
Launchpad Bugs
Bug tracking page Bugs , Bugs
Launchpad Bugs Bugs
bug Report a bug The Bug Tracking Page

-1 description bug Summary
-2 Continue bug
458
Continue bug tracker bugs

, Launchpad bug
No, Id like to report a new bug radio
bug
Submit Bug Report

https://launchpad.net/malone
459
-3 Shipit
Shipit CDs
,
10 Shipit site
http://Shipit.ubuntu.com
460
The Fridge :
,
) (

http://fridge.ubuntu.com/

461
Paid For Commercial Services :

Global Support Services team
:
http://www.ubuntu.com/support/paid
companies and partners
Canonical Marketplace
462
Professional Support Services from Canonical -1

Canonical Global Support Services 24 7

, ,
ubuntu desktop ubuntu server thin client servers clusters

http://www.canonical.com/contact/forms/sales
Purchase Support ,

e-mail ID number

463
The Canonical Marketplace -2

desktop server
http://www.ubuntu.com/support/commercial/marketplace

Local Support Services
Canonical Marketplace
, send us your information
Marketplace page
464

.,

,

,

,
,

.

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1

live CD ................................................................................................................CD ROM

.................................................................................................. Screen Resolution

................................................................................................. startup programs

............................................................................ Reduce Power Consumption

....................................................................................................third party software :

........................................................................................................ internet updates :

................................................................................................. binary file

.................................................................................................. package file :

........................................................................................... software version :

-1 source code ..........................................................................

-2 Binary file ................................................................................

...................................................................................................... package mangement :

-4 .................................................................................. Advanved package tools :

: ................................................................................................. configuration files

-9 Shell Script ......................................................................................................

-10 RunPackage ................................................................................................

-12 ........................... Add/Remove Application

-13 ...........................Synaptic package manger

-14 .................................................. CNR Client

-15 .................................................... Easyubuntu

-16 ................................................Ubuntu Tweak

...............................................................................................................Rhythmbox Music Player

................................................................................................................................... Sound Juicer

..............................................................................................................GNOME Sound Recorder

............................................................................................................................Pitivi video editor

.....................................................................................................................XSane Image Scanner

................................................................................................ offline system documentation :

.................................................................................................online system documentation :

-1 ...................................................................................................... Mailing lists

-2 ........................................................................................................ Web Forums

-3 ...................................................................................................... IRC Channels

-4 ......................................................................................................... LoCo Teams

-5 ..........................................................................................................Ubuntu Team Wiki

..............................................................................................Launchpad Technical Answers -1

........................................................................................Launchpad Bug Tracker: Malone - 2

........................................................................................................................... The Fridge :

............................................................................................Paid For Commercial Services :

....................................................................Professional Support Services from Canonical -1

.................................................................................................. The Canonical Marketplace -2

Free Software Movement, Open Source and Linux

The Free Software Movement

Open Source Movement and Linux

X Window System GUI

GNU/Linux open source code

: ubuntu -1 desktop environment

: Kubuntu -2 KDE GNOME

: Edubuntu-4 desktop environment GNOME

Ubuntu Development and the Community

Ubuntu and Microsoft Windows: Key Differences

-7 : Security aspects malware root

next finish ubuntu live CD

first boot device :

ubuntu installation steps

-3 ): (Turn off System Restore

-1 start control panal power options

: uninstalling unused software -5

: Guided use entire disk :

:Migrate documents and settings :

3 System Places Applications

-2 ubuntu linux home place Ctrl+H

-5 layout Add Arabic

-6 layout options short key