You are on page 1of 116

EXECUTIVE MBA

:

,



(
)

2011

,
.

(Abstract)

, ,

.


, .

EFQM MBNQA
.


,
.

, .

1
. .

. ...

.
1. , Malcolm Baldrige National
Quality Award (MBNQA) .. 12
2. European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM).
, ... 28
3. CAF (Common Assessment Framework),
, (
). 37

2

.. 45
. Best practices EFQM
1.
NHS,
EFQM ,
...
2. EFQM
.
3. EFQM:
EFQM .
4. EFQM
5. - EFQM

46
54
57
62
65

. Best practices MBNQA


6. MBNQA
..
7. :
..
8. Brons on Methodist MBNQA
9. ,

71
75
81

89

.
10. MUNROE Regional
Medical Center...
11.
..

98
103

3
..
. .
. ...
...

107
108
111
114
4

1
1 Baldrige

20

2 7 MBNQA . 21
3 EFQM... 30
4 EFQM 33
5 EFQM & .. 34
6 EFQM ....

36

7 .

39

1 Baldrige ..

26

2 EFQM

35

2
3

, : .

95

1
.

Avedis Donabedian,
,
.


, ,

,
, .
, ,
.
.

.
,

.
,

.
,

.

(MBNQA) (EFQM)

. ,
.
2

.


, .

.
,
.

,

.

(Palani Raja, Deshmukh and Wadhwa (2007).

.
,
7

,
.
... 2003 Quality Improvement for Mental
Health, ,
, .


,
(Nabitz, Klazinga and Walburg (2000).
, EFQM
(Palani Raja,
Deshmukh and Wadhwa (2007),
, .
MBNQA
, , ,
, , ,
(Palani Raja, Deshmukh and
Wadhwa (2007). 10
:
1.

()

2.

3.

4.


EFQM


.
8

.
-
.
.
,
.

.
,
.
.
,
,
50%. , ,

,
.
, .
.

,
(Cauchick Miguel (2006).
,
.
,


(Miguel (2006).
,
.

, ,
,
.
.
, ,
,
(Manjunath, Metri and Ramachandran (2007).
,

,
.
,
.
,
,
,
.
.
, ,

,
10

,
, ,
,
.

,
(Moeller, Breinlinger-OReily and Elser (2000). :

, ,

'


.
.
,
10.
.

11


.
.

.

.
1.
, Malcolm
Baldrige National Qualit y Award (MBNQA)
.
1.1 1

1980,
,
, .
Malcolm Baldrige
,
. , 1987,
, .
Malcolm Baldrige Ronald
Reagan 1981 1987. ,

,
.
.

12

,
, , .
Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award, 1987,
.

( 1999) / (
2005).
:

.
Malcolm Baldrige

( , )
(, , )
:
-

, ,


.
13

.
- :


/ ,

.
,


,
,
,
.

, Baldrige Quality Award,

.

.
,
, .

:

.
14


.
MBNQA $8
$100 .

. , 500
, ,
, ,
,


.
,
.

1.2


,

. :
1.



2.


15



3.

,
,

4.

,
, ,


5.

6.

/
7.

( , , ,
, ,
..)

16

,
,
.
,
, ,
.

1.3



.
/

, .

Baldrige.
,


. ,

/
.

17

1.4 MBNQA



.
.
Baldrige

.
, ,

.


1) Magnet Status (

, ,
). 2)
3)
.
Baldrige,


.

, ,
18


. Baldrige
:


 ,


 .

1.5 MBNQA

Baldrige ,
.
,
.
,
.
MBNQA.

19

1. Baldrige
. ( www.nist.gov/baldrige)


.
, , .
, ,
. , ,


.

MBNQA .

20

2. 7 MBNQA
(: http://www.nist.gov/baldrige/publications/upload/2009_2010_HealthCare_Criteria.pdf )

1, ,
.

.
.
21


. ,
.

.
2, ,
.


.
.

.
,
.
.
3, ,

.


.

.

22



.


.
4, , , ,

.
, ,

.

, ,
,
, .

.
5, ,

.

,
. ,
,

23


.
,

.

.
6, .


,
,
.
, ,

.
7, , 1-6
.

.
, ,
. .

,
.
,
24

.
.

,
.

.

.
.

.
,
, ,
.

.
,

, ,
.
. .

25

1.
Baldrige .

120
1.
-
- 70
- &
- 50
2.
85
-
- 40
-
- 45
3.
85
-
- 40
-
- 45
4. , &
90

- , - 45

- , & - 45

5.
85
( )
-
- 45
-
- 40
6. ()
85
-
- 35
-
- 50
450
7.
- ( )
- 100
- - 70
- - 70

- 70
-
- - 70

-
- 70

1000

.
.

Baldrige.
,

26

, ,

, ,
.

, .

( 1) ,

.
. , ,

.
7
.

, ,
( ).

,
.



.

27

2.

European

Foundation

for

Qualit y

Management

(EFQM).

,
.

11.1 EFQM 2

( ) 1988


.
,

,

,
.

, (
). ()

.
28


,
.
EFQM, ,
(),
,
.

30.000
.

, .
( 3).

29

3. EFQM

2.2

EFQM, ,
,
,
.
:

&

&

30

1.


( 5 ).

2.

( 4 )

3.

,
.
, ,
(5 ).

4.

, .
(4
).

31

5.


.
,
(3 ).

6. & 7. ( )

, ,
,
.
8.

;

, .

9.


.
( 4) 8
. / :

1) ,

2) ,

32

3) ,

4) ,

5) ,

6) , ,

7)

7)

4. EFQM (: www.efqm.org)

EFQM o
,
.
. /

.
33

5. EFQM &
.

EQA (European Quality Award)


:

(benchmarking)


. ( 2).

34

2
EQA

10

14

50

9
20

15

50

&

100

40%
( , , ).
.

BS EN
ISO 9000.
6. /

.
.

.
.
EFQM,

/
35

.
.

6. .
(:www.efqm.org)

36

3. CAF

(Common

Assessment

Framework),

,
(
)

() (EIPA, Homepage)

(European Foundation Quality
Management - EFQM)
Speyer.
, / : 1)
, 2) , 3) , 4)
5) .

.


.
(Innovative Public Services Group - IPSG),

DG ( ) .


.
37

2000
2002. ,

(European nstitute of ublic
Administration - EIPA) .
.

2000 2005 900


.
.. ,
, ..


,
.
..
.
, ,
..
.

(9) (28)
, ,
, .
7
EFQM .

38

7. , :
(www.eipa.nl/files/File/CAF/Brochure2006/Greek_2006.pdf)

.
4
:

1.


,
-,
, , (PDCA),

2.

- ,

,

3.


, ,


39

4.

:
.
, .

.
1: ( 4 ).
:

.
.
,
.

.
2: ( 4 ).
:
.

)
40

, )
)
.
, .

.
3: ( 3 ).
: .
.

. , ,


. ,
,

.
4: ( 6 ).
:

/
.
.
,
, ,
.
41



. ,
/
.
5: ( 3 ).
: , ,

.
/
.
:
, /
.

.
,
.
6: / ( 2
).
: /
.
7: ( 2 )
:
, ,
.
42

8: ( 2 )
:
,
.
,
,

.
9: ( 2 )
:

(.. ),

( ).


. ,
/. 1/64-2005 .

:

: -

: -

43

: -

V:


,
.
.

.
.
.

. ,
,

.


, .

,
.

44


,

, .


.

,
,
.

MBNQA, EFQM ,
.
-.

.
(9) 3
.

45

. Best practices EFQM


1.

NHS, EFQM ,
(Jacqueline,
Calbert and Kath (2005)

Salford Royal NHS Trust (SRHT)


Greater Manchester, UK. 900
, 4.500 ,
. 1.150
. , ,
.
SRHT
.

, , . NHS
,

(DOH1999, 2000,2004).
NHS SRHT ,

. ,

,
46

SRHT

.


.

trust.


Trust.
, ,
,

.


EFQM Trust
.

EFQM, ,
:
(1) ,

47

SRHT (2)
.

:
.


Salford Royal NHS Trust.

: EFQM
.
EFQM
.

.

SRHT

EFQM
.
,
, ,
,
SRHT .

, 3 , 6

48

/.
:

1.

2.

3.

4.

On

the

job

training

/
5.

6.

EFQM
,
.
Trust
,

. ,
EFQM
. SRHT
EFQM
49

1998,

Trust.
EFQM
EFQM
.
:
,
.

SRHT. ,
Trust
,

, .
, , .

(
),
12 -18 .

.

.
:

50

12


.

34
.
, 79,7%.

: ,
,
,
.
:
,
.
.

.
.
1 10 (1 = , 10 =
).
.

51

12


. ,


.


SRHT.

12 ,
24% 2002 1% 2004.
Trust 3 .


.

(Finlayson et al. 2002)

(Gray & Phillips, 1994).

EFQM


52

.
,
, , ,
. ,
,
,
, Trust
.
.
, Trust

. SRHT
EFQM ,

.

,
,
. Trust

.

53

2. EFQM
(NHS) (Ann Stewart
(2003)

PE, Salford Royal Hospitals NHS Trust,


. , 960 ,
53.000 , 219.000 65.000
(Salford , 2001).
100 :
(TPN) ,
, ,
, (),
.
, ,
, , (
)
.
PE EFQM
1994 .
.
1998, Salford Royal Hospitals NHS Trusts
EFQM (Stahr ., 2000).
Trust

EFQM. , ,
54

,

.
EFQM , SRH NHS
.
,
.
,
.


.

.
-
,
.

.
- .
-

.
.
,
,
55


.
:
SRH NHS
(Stahr ., 2000). -

(Stahr .,
2000).
(Stahr, 2001).

,

(Stahr ., 2000 Stahr, 2001).

, ,
(Stahr
., 2000).
,
(Stahr ., 2000).
(Stahr,
2001), ,
(Stahr, 2001). (2001b)
,
.
,

56

.
- , ,
,
.
EFQM
, . Stahr (2001)

,
.
Stahr (2001b)
,


.

3. EFQM:
EFQM (Nabitz, Klazinga and
Walburg (2000).

, EFQM

,
, , .

57


.
, -
.

-.
, , ,
.

.
EFQM. ,
, EFQM,
.

,
,
. ,
.
,
-.
Tromso,
200

. 2
,
58

( , ..). , ,
, ,

- EFQM.

50
, .

EFQM .


,
EFQM.
, INK (Instituut Nederlandse Kwaliteit).
EFQM INK
-.
,
,
, ,
, .

.
1990,
.
, , ,
1997 2 :
59

.
.


.
,
. ,
,
.
,
-.

. 5- 0
100%
.
EFQM,
.

. ,
, ,
.
.
, .
.

60

EFQM
Profile 32
Quality-web
.
EFQM
-.
. Jellinek Centre
.
500 24 ,
2000 5000 . 1993
EFQM
,
. 1994
2 3 .
350 .

100 .

. 19951996 .
2
.
. 3 ,
. Jellinek
510 . , 1996
61

Jellinek
.
4. EFQM
(Moeller, Breinlinger-OReily and Elser (2000).



. 1989
( 137 ).

. ,

.
,
.

.
1996
.

1998. 134 , 689
( )
, 10 44
.
,
62

.
, 20
( 80 ) .
1997 ,
- EFQM.
Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology at the
University Hospital in Heidelberg,
,
. .

.

, . ,
, .
, 60
90 .
1999, 17
.
.
200 300
-.
Max-Burger-Center (MBC) ( ,
)
- EFQM.
6 , 5 , 3

63

,
.
- 24
() EFQM.

.
,
,
. ,

24 .

.
4
.
EFQM (
) .
,
, .
,
.
4. .
24
-.
MBC 200 250 .
90 70 .
64


. ,

.
- MBC
26 .
.

,

.

-

MBC .

5. - EFQM
(Vernero, Nabitz, Bragonzi, Rebelli, and Molinari (2007).


.
1950-1960
. 1970
1980
65

.
(VRQ), ,
,
.
.
,
() ,
.

,
. 2001

EFQM .
Udine S.
Maria della Misericordia. Udine -

.
, ,
.
550.000
. 31.000
, 2.100.000
. 800 , 46 , 74
90 . 2.900
, 450 1.450 ,
200 . Udine
66

,
. 2001
,
.

.

,

. Udine
Udine .
,
.
,
,
2001,
.

.
, ,
.
, ,
.
,
, online ,
.
67

, ,
.
,
,
.
EFQM
-
.

-.
,
,
,
9 32
. ,
EFQM. Udine.

8 ,
. 153
, 32 9 .
4- ( )
( ).
,
.

EFQM
68

EFQM.

.
- ,

. 153
42 2 .
2002
42 (3 , 8
, 13 , ,
18 ).

.
.
2003
- .

. , ,
( 10
) . 32

.
160 (
174 ).

460,
69

.
(, , )

(
).


.
, ,
.

, , .
, .

,
.
.

.

.
.
,
.
,
, .
70

,
.

,
.

.

.
,

.
EFQM
.

,
.

. Best practices MBNQA


6. MBNQA
(Freer and Jackson (1998).

1993
NHS Huddersfield Healthcare.
Yorkshire
71

, 220.000 .
95%
. 6
,
.
-
,
.
(
),
.

, , , ,
,
.

.
1993 1997.
1993 Huddersfield
.

. ,
.
, ,
.
150 2
72

.
(, .) ,
.
,

.

7
.
- .

Huddersfield
- MBNQA (
). 1993

.
2
.
.. ,
, ,
,
.

.
.

73

. MBNQA

.
.
,
.
.
.
MBNQA
.
, ,

.

..

, ,
.
-
4 .
,
.

.
. ,

74

.

.
,
.
..
.

:
.

.

,
. ,

.

7.

(Manjunath, Metri and Ramachandran (2007).


. 1975
40 3 12 .
75

350 1.200 , 150


, 600 20
.
, ,
.
,
.
( )

.


,
.

,
,
.

MBNQA
. , ,

,
. ,
, , ,

76


.
,
.
.

.

. Likert
1 10, 1
10 .
,
,
, .
, 8 10

. (
..) .

.
(R)
MBNQA
. :
MBNQA= R/10 x Max MBNQA points.
,
MBNQA. 753
77

( 1.000 )
.
,
.
( 103 120)

,
.
. ,
,
,
, .


.
,
,
.
68 ( 85)
,
,

, .


..
78

( 68
85) ,
,
,
. ,

. , (,
, )
, .

.
,
( 54 90)
, , .


.

.
,
.
78 85.

, .
, ,
.
79

, ,


. ,
.

.
68
85. , ,
..
,
.
,
.
, ,
.
,
/ , .

.
.

314 450 ,


.
80


.
() , .

.
MBNQA
, ,
.
.

8. Bronson Methodist MBNQA


(Harrelson, McClurkan, Reinoehl, Sardone, Serbenski and Ulshafer (2007).

Bronson Methodist Hospital,


1900 Bronson Healthcare Group. 343
Kalamazzo . Michigan,
1.000.000 .
4.000 , 700
80.000
.
1990,
2000
$200 . Bronson

81

best practice

.

(1999), MBNQA
,

.
MBNQA
()

, ,
.
,
.

,

, .
,
,
.
.

.
.
82


.
()

.
,
,
2010, 2005.
,
.
,
.

,
.
Strategic Input Document (SID),

( , SWOT , ..).

, .

,
. ,


83

, 3
.
() (,
)
,
.
,
.
,
,
,
, ..
,
.
.
, ,
Bronson.
:
-

, ,


84

. ,

.


. Customer Service Institute
.


Bronson,
.
(laptop)
,

,

.

95%
.
() ,
Bronson
:
, .
, ,
( ,
85

)
(scorecard)
(, , ..).

, ,

(intranet)
.
.
,

. MBNQA,
35 , (45
). ,
$1 .
()
MBNQA
,
,

,
.
,
.
,

86


,
.

,
.
, , ,
,
,

.

,
.
.
18% 5%.
$25.000
,
$2,6 .
()
,
.

.
,

87

14 .
, ,

,
.
, ,

.
,
,
.

, ,
3 .
7,6% 1,4% 2003 2005 (
), $40.000
$1,5 . ,
,
(,
).

88

9. ,

(Akins 2005).



, :


, , .

,
.


. ,
,
.
Malcolm Baldrige National
Quality Award (MBNQA) ,
,
.
, ,

.
89


,
Delphi ( ). ,



.
,
,


.
,

.

.
23
18
.
3 :
I.

II.

,


90

III.

.

3 .
3
.
31
58
MBNQA .



.
, Delphi

.
( ) Likert
( 4)
1.

() .


.
8 12 .
91

,
,
.
.
.
,
,
.

.

.
,

. ,
:
I.

II.

III.

IV.

,
,



92

. 31
.
,
.


.

.
4
I.

II.

III.


, .


.

.

,
, .


93

,

, . 4.



, .
,
.
, , .

Delphi.
MBNQA
, , .


.

.

.
,
,
MBNQA
.

94

3. , :

:
1:

1.1

1.2


,
,






2:
2.1.

2.2

:
,

3.1 ,

3.2 &
&

:
&

4.1 &

: ,

4.2 &

& :

, &

5.1

:

&

, & :
& &
&

:

,

,
.


,

3: ,
,


,

4: ,

,
,

& ,

&

5:

5.2

&

5.3 &


,


&

, ,



, , &

6:
6.1

6.2

:



:

,



,

95

7:
7.1


39 60 .
Delphi
,
. ,

.
Delphi :

() ,


.

, barcode ,
,

,


96

MBNQA

() :
( 1).

I.

, ( 4).

II.

( 2) (

III.

6).
( 5)

IV.

, ( 3)

V.


:
I.
II.
III.

, ( 4).
( 1).
( 5)
( 2).

IV.
V.

( 6)
, ( 3)


3
MBNQA .


.
97

,

.
MBNQA ,

.



.

.
10. MUNROE Regional
Medical Center (Thomson Reuters (2009).


Munroe Regional Medical Center Ocala
421 , 2.500 , 1.750 450
. 1898
.


. Munroe Regional Medical Center

98

, . ,
, .
, 1988,
11.000 ,
.

.


,
.
.
,
.
, .
, ,
, .

.

Munroe Regional Munroe
Heart, .


.
22 .
99


,
.
,
.
. Munroe Heart


. ,
,
.
, ,
,
.


.
, ,
.
, Munroe
. ,
door to balloon (
,
) . ,
.
door to balloon 50 .
100

,
.
2010 Munroe
.
,
, Munroe
. door to
balloon 43 ( 2010)
25 .
door to balloon
62 10%
2009 58 (
).
, 94,3%

.
.
Munroe 2000 $ 100
4000 $
.
,
.
,
50 5000 .

2007 Women in Red
101


.
. 2010
3.250

.

.
2010 1.000
.
Munroe ,
, , ,
, , 75
.

Munroe , ,
.
,

.

102

11.
(Thomson Reuters (2008).


Silver Cross Joliet
Ill. . 1895 33
. 304
2.500 ,
.
, 1990

.
,

.
, ,
, ,

:
.

Silver Cross ,
,
(National
Benchmarks award winner 2004-2008 Everest Award for National Benchmarks).
103


.
Silver Cross 10%
.
1995 2005,
100%.
, .

.

, , ,
, , ,
,
.


. :

.
104


.
.
,


.
,
, .
,
, .
25% .
, ,
.
.

.


.
. ,

.
,

, .
.
105

106

,
,
,
.
,
,
.

2540% (Anderson
& Daigh 1991).
, ,
(MBNQA, EFQM),
-
.

107

,


.
.
,
,
( )
, .

.
,


(Manjunath, Metri and Ramachandran (2007).
-
, .

.
,
.
,

108


. , ,
, ,

, .

,
MBNQA EFQM,
.
,

.
EFQM ,

, .
,

(Nabitz, Klazinga and Walburg (2000).
,

.

- .
,
,
.
109


.
,
.
, ,

,

(Raja, Deshmukh and Wadhwa (2007).

.

.
,
- ,

.
,
, .
, ,
.

.

.
, , ,
110

.
,
,
. ,
,
.

. ,
.

.

Edvardsson, 2005
, .
,
,
.
, ,
.

.

111


,
.
.
,
,
.
-

.
-.
( )

.
.
.
,

.


.
, ,
,
.

112

.


.

.

( EFQM) ,
( )
(Vernero, Nabitz, Bragonzi, Rebelli, and Molinari (2007).

, R.A.D.A.R.,
.
: i)
, ii)
, iii)
, iv)
, v)
.

113

:
1. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Baldrige Homepage. :
http://www.nist.gov/baldrige/
2. European

Foundation

of

Quality

Management,

Homepage.

Administration,

Homepage.

http://www.efqm.org/en/
3. European

Institute

of

Public

http://www.eipa.eu/en/topic/show/&tid=191
4. JACQUELINE A. L. ,CALBERT H. D., PGCE2, KATH LEE A case study of a
preceptorship programme in an acute NHS Trust using the European Foundation for
Quality Management tool to support clinical practice development, Journal of
Nursing Management, Volume: 13, 2005, 508518.
5. Ann Stewart An investigation of the suitability of the EFQM Excellence Model for
a pharmacy department within an NHS Trust, International Journal of Health Care
Quality Assurance, Volume: 16 No: 2, 2003 pp. 65-76
6. Jan Freer, Sue Jackson Using the business excellence model to effectively manage
change within clinical support services, Health Manpower Management, Volume:
24, No: 2, 1998, pp. 76-81
7. Thomson Reuters, 100 Top Hospitals: Munroe Regional Medical Center,
Cardiovascular Benchmarks Award 2009, Case Study. :
http://www.100tophospitals.com/assets/100Top_Munroe_Case_Study.pdf

8. Thomson Reuters, 100 Top Hospitals: Silver Cross Hospital, Everest Award for
National Benchmarks 2008, Case Study. :
http://100tophospitals.com/assets/Silver%20Cross%20Case%20Study%200210.pdf

9. Udo Nabitz, Niek Klazinga, Jan Walburg The EFQM excellence model: European
and Dutch experiences with the EFQM approach in health care, International
Journal for Quality in Health Care, Volume 12 No: 3, 2000 pp. 191-201
10. Johannes Moeller, Jochen Breinlinger-OReily, John Elser Quality management in
German health care the EFQM Excellence Model, International Journal of Health
Care Quality Assurance, Volume: 13 No: 6, 2000 pp. 254-258
11. Sandra Vernero, Udo Nabitz, Gilberto Bragonzi, Alessio Rebelli, Rita Molinari, A
two-level EFQM self-assassment in an Italian hospital, International Journal of
Health Care Quality Assurance, Vol. 20 No.3, 2007 pp. 215-231
12. Usha Manjunath, Bhimaraya Metri, Shalini Ramachandran, Quality management
in a healthcare organization: a case of South Indian hospital, The TQM Magazine,
Volume 19 No:2, 2007 pp. 129-139
114

13. Katie Harrelson, Mac McClurkan, Sue Reinoehl, Frank J. Sardone, Michele
Serbenski, Susan M. Ulshafer, Bronson Methodist Hospital Recipient of the
Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award, Journal of Innovative Management,
Vol. 12 N: 4, Summer 2007 pp. 6-33
14. R. B. Akins A process centered tool for evaluating patient safety performance
and guiding strategic improvement, Advances in Patient Safety: From Research to
Implementation ,Volume 4: Programs, Tools, and Products, Agency for Healthcare
Research and Quality (US), Feb. 2005 (http://www.ahrq.gov/qual/advances/)
15. M. Palani Natha Raja, S.G. Deshmukh, Subhash Wadhwa, Quality award
dimensions: a strategic instrument for measuring health care quality, International
Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, Volume 20 No. 5, 2007 pp. 363-378
16. P. A. Cauchick Miguel, Quality management through a national quality award
framework, The TQM Magazine, Volume 18 No: 6, 2006 pp. 626-637
17. M. Counte, Steven Meurer Issues in the assessment of continuous quality
improvement implementation in health care organizations, International Journal for
Quality in Health Care, Volume 13, No 3, 2001 pp. 197-207
18. Clare Chow-Chua, Mark Goh, Framework for evaluating performance and quality
improvement in hospitals, Managing Service Quality, Volume 12, No 1, 2002 pp.
54-66
19. M. Palani Natha Raja, S.G. Deshmukh, Subhash Wadhwa, Quality award
dimensions: a strategic instrument for measuring health service quality,
International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, Volume 20, No 5, 2007 pp.
363-378
20. Michael A. Counte, Steven Meurer Issues in the assessment of continuous quality
improvement implementation in health care organizations, International Journal for
Quality in Health Care, Volume 12 No: 3, 2001 pp. 197-207
21. Paulo A Cauchick Miguel Quality management through a national quality award
framework. The experience of a hospital in Brazil, The TQM Magazine, Volume
18 No: 6, 2006 pp. 626-637
22. Donald Klein, Jaideep Motwani, Beth Cole, Quality improvement efforts at St
Marys Hospital: a case study, Managing Service Quality, Volume 8, No 4, 1998
pp. 235-240
23. Gail Naylor, Using the Business Excellence Model to develop a strategy for a
healthcare organization, International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance,
Volume 12, No 2, 1999 pp. 37-44
24. Stefan Tony Kunkel, Ragnar Westerling, Different types and aspects of quality
systems and their implications: A thematic comparison of seven quality systems at a
university hospital, Health Policy, Volume 76 No 2, 2006 pp. 125-133
25. J. Carlos Bou-Llusar, Ana B. Escrig-Tena, Vicente Roca-Puig, Inmaculada BeltranMartin, An empirical assessment of the EFQM Excellence Model: Evaluation as a
TQM framework relative to the MBNQA Model, Journal of Operations
Management, Volume 27, 2009 pp. 1-22
115

26. Abd Manaf Noor Hazilah, Practice follows structure: QM in Malaysian public
hospitals, Measuring Business Excellence, Volume. 13 No. 1, 2009 pp. 23-33
27. Eleonora Karassavidou, Niki Glaveli, Chrissoleon T. Papadopoulos Quality in
NHS hospitals: no one knows better than patients, Measuring Business Excellence,
Volume. 13 No. 1, 2009 pp. 34-46
28. Pinar Guven-Uslu, Benchmarking in health services, Benchmarking: An
International Journal, Vol. 12 No. 4, 2005 pp. 293-309
29. Susan E. Heinbuch, A case of successful technology transfer to health care. Total
quality materials management and just-in-time, Journal of Management in
Medicine, Vol. 9 No. 2, 1995 pp. 48-56
30. Ignacio Urrutia, Scott D. Eriksen, Insights from research Application of the
Balanced Scorecard in Spanish private health-care management, Measuring
Business Excellence, Volume. 9 No. 4, 2005 pp. 16-26
31. , . (2002), .

116

You might also like