Experiment 5 Topic Purpose Question : Volumetric stochiometry : to determine the exact concentration of monobasic acid, HX : you are provided

with a monobasic acid, HX, with a concentration in the range of 0.5 mol dm-3 to 1.0 mol dm -3. You are required to plan and carry out an experiment to determine the exact concentration of the HX solution provided.

Materials KA 1 is a solution containing an unknown acid, HX with a concentration varying from 0.5 mol dm -3 to 1.0 mol dm -3 KA2 is a solution containing sodium carbonate, NA2CO3 with a concentration of 1.0 mol dm-3 Phenolphthalein as indicator

Apparatus Weighing bottle, volumetric flask 500 ml or 500 cm3, electric balance, filter funnel, wash bottles, droppers, beaker, retort stand, burette, pipette, sucker, conical flasks, white tiles, distilled water and a spatula. Theory The equation of neatralisation as following:

To find the mass,m needed for the base , we have No of moles =

Where m= mass needed M=concentration of the base V=volume of the base Mr=Relative molecular mass The concentration of the monobasic acid can be found through the formula below :

Where

concentration of the monobasic acid

=concentration of the base volume of the monobasic acid from titration =volume of the base =number of moles of the monobasic acid =number of moles of the base Introduction Preparation of a standard solution of sodium hydroxide, NaOH is done by dissolving pure sodium metals in water, H2O. In the process, small sparks are seen as the reaction takes place. The Na+ ions react with OHions to form sodium hydroxide solution which used in second part of the experiment. Sodium hydroxide solution can be prepared by dissolving sodium hydroxide pellets with certain amount of water to get suitable molarity. Procedure: Part 1: preparing a standard solution of 1.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide, NaOH. 1. A electronic balance and weighing bottle are used to weigh 10 g of sodium hydroxide powder using a spatula. 2. The solid are carefully tipped into a beaker containing distilled water. 3. Any solids remaining in the weighing bottle is washed into the beaker into the beaker with a wash bottle. 4. After dissolving the solid, the final solution is carefully transferred into the volumetric flask using a glass rod and a filter funnel. 5. About reaching the volume needed, stop at 1 or 2 cm from the line. By using a dropper or a wash bottle, carefully filling it until the mark. 6. The flask is then shaken to mix the solution thoroughly. 7. The solution prepared is a standard solution of 1.0 mol dm -3 or 1.0M. Part 2: Titration of 1.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide, NaOH, with an unknown acid, HX with a concentration between 0.5 mol dm-3 to 1.0 mol dm-3 Pipette 25cm3 of KA1 into the titration flask. Titre the solution with KA2. Repeat titration as many times as you think it is necessarily to achieve accurate results.

Results: Titration Rough Accurate Second 24.80

i) ii)

First Final reading / 25.00 24.90 cm3 Intitial 0.00 0.00 0.00 reading/ cm3 Volume of 25.00 24.70 24.80 KA2/ cm3 25cm3 of KA 1 required __24.75__cm3 of KA 2 for a complete reaction. Average titre value = 

Third

Calculation:     (l)

= =   = =
=1.010 Mol dm-3 Conclusion: The exact concentration of a monobasic acid , HX is 1. Precaution 1. Sodium in metal form is highly reactive. Wearing protective gears and precautionary steps are taken to minimize accidents during the process of cutting Sodium (natrium , Na) solids. 2.Handle sodium metal with gloves. Sodium is reactive when come in contact with water.