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Precipitation & Humidity

Temperature
Wind
Soil

Forest
Tundra
Savanna Woodlands
Grassland
Deserts

Arabian Shield
Arabian Shelf





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(1 Precipitation & Humidity
1


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(International system :
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) Diameter of particles( mm
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Fine sand
Silt
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pH 8-4 .
pH ( .Barbur et al )9.5 -7.3
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pH
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Electric Conductivity
Meter .

12

( (mhos / cm /
1000 / ) ( mmhos / cm 3 10 /
) . ( mhos / cm 106
/ = / 10
) ppm/(
= / 640
= /
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pH
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Light

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Quality Quantity Light Intensity
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Photoperiodism :
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1.
= Lux 1 2
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20.

16

200 100
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10.000 8.000 .


Light Saturation

10.000 5.000 .
:
-1 : 3.000
.
-2 : .
200 100
Elilated
.


.
Lactuca sativy
Poa Liliaceae
)(.
- Duration
.
12 )25

10.5 13.75
)45 8 16
24
:
-1 :Neutral :
.
-2 :
17

:
-1

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:
-2
:
.

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:

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glucose

O + esoculG

CO2 + H2O



Respiration
- =
net assimilation Rate = Photosynthesis Respiration

.
.
:


Dark respiration
Phto respiration
.
- :C3
) (
Phosphoglyceric acid

- :
) .(Malic, Aspartic .
- :CAM CO2 .C4 .

18

C3 C4
C3

. .
:
- )

(.
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
.
.
Supplemental Illumination :

.
:
. Tungestens lamps
Infrared
.
. Fluorescent



2 : 1 5 : 1
Phyto trones ) Growth chamber
(

Computer . .Phyto trones

19

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